FLOW IN CLOSED CONDUITS

HYDRAULICS
EQUATION OF CONTINUITY

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COMPRESSIBLE FLOW
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REYNOLDS NUMBER
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FRICTION FACTOR FOR LAMINAR FLOW and
TURBULENT FLOW
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HEAD LOSS IN TERMS OF REYNOLDS NUMBER
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HEAD LOSS USING DARCY WEISHBACH
FORMULA
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HEAD LOSS USING MANNING’S FORMULA
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HEAD LOSS USING HAZEN WILLIAMS
FORMULA
HAZEN WILLIAMS FORMULA
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Minor losses
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PROBLEM 1:
A pipe has a diameter of 25mm and a length of 60m. A liquid having a
kinematic viscosity of 3.5x10^-5 m^2/s is flowing thru the pipe at a
velocity of 3m/s.
a. Compute the Reynolds Number
b. Compute the friction factor “f”.
c. Compute the head loss of pipe.
PROBLEM 2:
An oil with ρ = 900kg/m^3 and kinematic viscosity ν = 0.0002 m^2/s
flows upward through an inclined pipe. Assuming steady laminar flow,
compute the following:
a. Head lost between section 1 and 2.
b. Flow rate
c. Reynolds number
PROBLEM 3:
A 0.60m diameter pipeline 30m long carries of 0.40 m^3/s of water.
Compute the head loss using the following formula.
a. Darcy Weishbach with f= 0.014.
b. Manning’s Formula with n = 0.012.
c. Hazen Williams with C = 120.
PROBLEM 4:
Two pipes A and B which are connected in series have a diameter and
lengths equal to 400mm diameter 200 meter, 600mm diameter 300
meter, respectively. Water flows in the pipe 300 Liters/sec. The
difference in elevation between the entrance and exit of the pipe is 5
meters. Assume f = 0.02 for all pipes.
a. Compute the head loss due to friction.
b. Compute the change in pressure between A and B.
c. Compute the equivalent length for a 300mm diameter pipe (made
of same material).
PROBLEM 5:
The system consists of 1000m of 500mm cast iron pipe, two 45°, and
four 90° flanged long – radius elbows, a fully open flanged globe valve
and a sharp exit into a reservoir. Water flows at a rate of 5 L/s, from
point 1 into the reservoir whose free surface lies 100m above point 1.
Kinematic viscosity ν = 1.02x10^-6 m^2/s, f = 0.0315.
a. Compute the Reynolds Number.
b. Compute the total head loss.
c. Compute the gage pressure at 1 to deliver water into the reservoir.
 ORIFICE

2019/1/21
PROBLEM 1:
A closed cylindrical tank 5m high contains 2.5m of water. A 100mm
circular orifice is situated 0.5m from the bottom. What air pressure
must be maintained in the air space in order to discharge water at 10hp.
PROBLEM 2:
A 50mm diameter circular sharp – edged orifice at the side of a tank
discharges water under a head of 3m. If the coefficient of contraction
Cc = 0.63, and the head lost is 240mm, compute the discharge and the
coefficient of velocity Cv and discharge C.
PROBLEM 3:

Water flows through an orifice at the vertical side of a large tank under
a constant head of 2.4m. How far horizontally from the vena contracta
will the jet strikes the ground 1.5m below the orifice.
PROBLEM 4:
For the water shooting out the pipe and nozzle under the condition
shown, compute the ff:
a. Velocity at A
b. Velocity at the nozzle
c. Height above the nozzle to which the water will shoot. Assume
negligible loss.