You answered 7 questions correctly. This is a very good result!

(Numbers in brackets reference the appropriate PMBoK section)

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Your answer A was correct

Answer D is emphatically true for ALL projects. [7.2.3.1]

Your answer D should have been C

�Milestones are used in the schedule model.� They need to be part of the activity
sequencing to assure that the requirements for meeting the milestone(s) are met.
Milestones themselves, however, have zero duration and cost. [6.1.3.3, Glossary]

Your answer B was correct

Information is �facts or figures ready for communication or use.� Knowledge is
�Facts or figures incorporated in a formally organized manner not related to any
particular purpose.�

Your answer D was correct

Answers A, B and C are all Tools & Techniques in the Risk Identification process.
[11.1.2.1]

Your answer B was correct

Project quality is affected by balancing the three �triple constraint� factors of
time, cost and scope. This means that if one of the three is changed, at least one
and perhaps both of the remaining factors will be affected. [1.3]

Your answer D was correct

The basic contract types are fixed-price or lump-sum contracts, cost-reimbursable
contracts and time and material (T&M) contracts. [12.1.2.3]

Your answer D was correct

The organizational structure in which a single individual has primary
responsibility for the final product is called a �surgical team structure.�
Specialists may produce pieces of the final output which this key resource
integrates into the final product. Administrative and support tasks are handled by
others, and the primary resource is backed up by an assistant. Ward, �Surgical Team
Structure�

Your answer A should have been D

Work results are an INPUT to the contract administration process. [12.5.3]

Your answer B should have been A

Year Expense Revenue Discount NPV
----- ------- ------- -------- ---------
0 100,000 0 1.000 -100,000
1 0 20,000 0.980 19,600
2 0 45,000 0.961 43,245
--------
?NPV -37,155

Your answer D was correct

Convergence probability = product of all the individual probabilities= 0.9 X 0.9 X
0.8

You answered 4 questions correctly.

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Your answer D should have been A

�The project scope will be broadly described early
explicit and detailed as the project team develops
understanding of the objectives and deliverables.�
premise and Answer D, while also correct, would be
[1.2.1.3]
in the project and made more
a better and more complete
Answer B is based on a false
the next step after Answer A.

Your answer A should have been C

�Push� methodologies force information to others without request. Examples include
meetings, telephone calls and e-mail. �Pull� methodologies allow others to extract
the information of interest to them. Seeing a summary line on one web page that is
marked as a hyperlink and clicking on that link to go to another web page with much
more information on that topic is a classic example (because the user clicks there
ONLY if he/she has interest in that topic).

Your answer D was correct

Since activities are represented by
successor tasks share some (but not
properly represented only with real
represent these dependencies but do
also diagram 6-3. [6.2.2.2]
arrows in this technique, any network where two
all) of the predecessor tasks cannot be
activities. Dummy activities are thus used to
not correspond to any real project work. See

Your answer C should have been B

Internal benchmarks are based on an aggressive collection of suggestions and ideas,
while external benchmarks are based on the public records or regulatory agency
databases of other companies. Both thus suffer from blind spots. Since third party
benchmarks are based on wide-ranging and comprehensive questions, they often will
point to blind spots resulting from the use of the other two types. Brocka, pp 231-
236 [8.1.2.2]

Your answer B was correct

The Statement of Work (SOW) is provided for internal projects by the sponsor, and
for external projects by the customer, and describes the products or services that
the project is to produce. [4.1.1.2]

Your answer C was correct

The outputs of schedule development are 1) Project schedule, 2) Schedule model
data, 3) Schedule baseline, 4) Resource requirements updates, 5) Activity
attributes updates, 6) Project calendar updates, 7) Requested changes and 8)
Schedule management plan updates. [6.5.3]

Your answer A was correct

�Factors� would also be acceptable if we were speaking strictly in a mathematical
context, but �parameters� is a better answer in PM terminology. [7.1.2.2]

Your answer D should have been B

Information on the cost of many categories of resources is often available from
project files, commercial cost-estimating databases and project team knowledge.
Cost experience is, however, usually treated as confidential information by
organizations and not made generally available. [7.1.1]

Your answer B should have been D

See diagram.

Your answer B should have been D

�A change control system is a collection of FORMAL, documented procedures��
[Glossary]
You answered 6 questions correctly.
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Your answer D should have been B

Dataflow diagrams show processes as rectangles connected by arrows representing the
flow of data from one process to another. They also typically show key database
tables. They are also known as workflow diagrams. Brocca, pp 198-200 [8.3.2.3]

Your answer C was correct

�Residual risks [are those] that are expected to remain after planned responses
have been taken, as well as those that have been deliverately accepted.� [11.5.3.1]

Your answer A was correct

Answer C is key to lessons learned but not progress measurement and control.
Answers B and D are necessary for this requirement but require the baselines in
order to have something to communicate or review. [7.2.3.1]

Your answer C was correct

�Assumptions are factors that are considered to be real, true or certain without
proof or demonstration.� Answer A refers to constraints. Answer B is desirable but
almost never possible. Answer D is true for those assumptions which cannot be
verified. [Glossary]

Your answer B was correct

Since the project plan is not complete and correct (regardless of whether it is an
internal or an external project) until the customer agrees that it is complete and
correct, only answer B is acceptable. [10.4]

Your answer C should have been B

A hammock is �a group of related schedule activities aggregated at some summary
level and displayed/reported as a single activity at that summary level.� PMI
recommends that the term �summary activity� be used instead. [Glossary]

Your answer D was correct

�A Chart of Accounts is any numbering system used to monitor project costs by
category� The project chart of accounts is usually based upon the corporate chart
of accounts of the primary performing organization.� [Glossary]

Your answer B should have been D

Prescreening questions ensure that a candidate project meets minimal requirements
before investing time in a detailed analysis.

Your answer C was correct

The participative leadership style is characterized by 1) allowing a great deal of
freedom in identifying problems and solutions, 2) working closely with subordinates
and 3) encouraging the free flow of information between the project manager and
team members. The manager does not allow the team to force decisions with which
he/she is not comfortable with (Democratic style) but generally doesn�t restrict
subordinate participation (Consultative style). Frame, Chapter 6

Your answer B should have been D

The study began as a study of lighting effects on productivity. They initially
observed that more lighting led to higher productivity. When they then tried to
determine how much lighting was enough, they found that productivity increased
without regard to the amount of light. This ultimately led to the conclusion stated
in the question. Meredith and Mantel, section 4.7

You answered 8 questions correctly. This is a very good result!

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Your answer A was correct

According to the PMBOK, �The cost of preventing mistakes is always much less than
the cost of correcting them�� [8.0]

Your answer D was correct

WBS updates are one of the critical outputs of the Activity Definition process.
[6.1.2.1, 6.1.3.3]

Your answer B was correct

The detailed project scope statement includes, either directly or by reference to
other documents: objectives, scope description, requirements, boundaries,
deliverables, acceptance criteria, constraints, assumptions, � (more) [5.2.3.1]

Your answer A should have been B

Qualitative numbers may also be measured numerically, so the primary distinction
between qualitative and quantitative numbers is that qualitative numbers cannot be
meaningfully added together. For example, if two one gallon pails of water are
poured into a two gallon container, the density of water in the two gallon
container remains at 1.0

Your answer A was correct

The product description is generally broader that a statement of work. [12.1.1.2]

Your answer C was correct

Fast tracking is defined as �A specific project schedule compression technique that
changes network logic to overlap phases [or activities] that would normally be done
in sequence.� [Glossary]

Your answer A was correct

Answers B and C belong to quality management, and answer D was formulated by
Elizabeth Duffy and suggested that we all try to adjust our lives so that we have a
dynamic balance (homeostasis) between challenge and relaxation. Kerstner, Chapter
18

Your answer D should have been C

Budget (or engineering) estimates are done late in the planning process when most
of the information about the project is known. This estimate is expected to be the
most reliable.

Your answer B was correct

�Performance reporting involves collecting and disseminating performance
information to provide stakeholders with information about how resources are being
used to achieve project objectives.� [10.3]

Your answer B was correct

�Care should be taken to avoid wasting resources on unnecessary information or
inappropriate technology.� The �tipping� word in this question that makes it false
is �...include ALL information�� [19.1.2.1]
You answered 8 questions correctly. This is a very good result!
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Your answer C was correct

�Risk mitigation seeks implies a reduction in the probabiity and/or impact of an
adverse risk event to an acceptable threshold. Taking early action to reduce the
probability and/or impact of a risk�s occurring on the project is more effective
than trying to repair the consequences after the risk has occurred.� [11.5.2.1]

Your answer A was correct

The objective of Contract Administration is to ensure �that both it and the other
party meet their contractual obligations and that their own legal rights are
protected.� [12.5]

Your answer C was correct

Where this rule is not followed, the dependency arrow must be labled �SS�.
[6.2.2.1]

Your answer A was correct

Project manager selection is based on ability to achieve overall project
objectives. The project manager should be selected before the WBS is developed.
[4.1]

Your answer D was correct

Overhead costs should be figured into the cost estimate. Desired profit considered
together with other factors such as market demand, availability of resources, prior
experience are then used to determine the optimal price.

Your answer A should have been B

A project phase is generally concluded with a review of completed work but includes
the conduct of that work as well. A phase can be closed without the decision to
initiate any other phases. [2.1.2]

Your answer C was correct

A metric is an operational definition that describes, in very specific terms, what
something is and how the quality control process measures it.� [8.1.3.2]

Your answer D was correct

Reliable means that measurements produce results that vary from one another by less
than a prespecified amount. It is NOT the same as �valid�. Making measurements with
a yardstick that is divided into 100 equal divisions and called a meter would be
very reliable but invalid.

Your answer A was correct

�Product analysis ... includes techniques such as product breakdown analysis,
systems engineering, value engineering, value analysis, function analysis, and
quality function deployment.� [5.2.2.1]

Your answer D should have been A

�... the activity list includes � a scope of work description for each schedule
activity in sufficient detail to ensure that project team members understand what
work is required to be completed.� Management activities, because they are not time
based (i.e. they must be done when necessary and duration cannot be planned), are
not included on the activity list. [6.1.3.1]

You answered 6 questions correctly.

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Your answer D should have been B

Primary stakeholders are those persons and groups that have a legal contractual
relationship to the project such as the project owner, suppliers and investors.
Secondary stakeholders are defined as those who influence or affect, or are
influenced or affected by, the project but are not regularly engaged in
transactions with the project and may not be essential for the project�s survival.
Cleland, Chapter 6

Your answer A was correct

Responses to individual risks are not determined until the risk response planning
process and is called the �risk response plan�. [11.1.3]

Your answer B was correct

McGregor�s Theory X asserts that the average person dislikes work inherently and
that effective management lies in threats, intimidation and minimal involvement of
the individual in work decisions. Ward, �McGregor�s Theory X and Y�

Your answer A was correct

[2.2]

Your answer B should have been A

�Communications planning involves determining the information and communication
needs of the stakeholders: who needs what information, when they will need it, how
it will be given to them, and by whom.� [10.1]

Your answer B should have been A

�Develop Project Management Plan� provides the integration function for all other
processes in the planning group. Every planning process therefore potentially
provides input to this process. [4.0]

Your answer A was correct

The product requirements are the basis for assessing the completion of the PRODUCT
scope. [5.0]

Your answer C was correct

The project life cycle defines the phases that connect the beginning of a project
to ist end. [2.1]

Your answer C was correct

The procurement planning process must consider what products and services are
available in the marketplace, from whom, and under what terms and conditions.
[12.1.1.1]

Your answer D should have been C

According to the Balanced Scorecard theory, project selection cannot be based just
on shareholder value if the company is to remain strong but rather must also
consider the potential project�s value to employees, customers and the underlying
infrastructure of the company.

You answered 5 questions correctly.

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Your answer C was correct
This is an example of a question where you must select the best answer, not one
that is necessarily always true. Presumably the nature of the detailed and accurate
work would be known at the time the base estimate was made. All the other choices
involve the uncertainties of coordinating with other team members which is
inherently uncertain. [6.4.3.1]

Your answer C was correct

[10.3]

Your answer B should have been A

Answer A corresponds to general management skills because they are relevant in all
areas of management, not just in project management. Answer B corresponds to skills
in managing individuals. Answer C corresponds to skills in managing groups. Answer
D corresponds to Human Resource Administration skills. Page 107 [9.0]

Your answer C should have been A

�Risk monitoring and control is the process of identifying, analyzing, and planning
for newly arising risks, keeping track of identified risks and those on the
watchlist, reanalyzing existing risks, monitoring trigger conditions for
contingency plans, monitoring residual risks, and reviewing the execution of risk
responses while evaluating their effectiveness.� [11.6]

Your answer D should have been B

�The contract SOW can be revised and refined as required as it moves through the
procurement process unti incorporated into a signed contract.� [12.1.3.2]

Your answer D was correct

The components of the Scope Management Plan include 1) how the detailed scope
statement will be prepared, 2) how the WBS will be created from the detailed scope
statement, 3) how formal verification and acceptance of the deliverables will be
obtained, and 4) how requests for changes to the detailed scope statement will be
processed. [5.1.3.1]

Your answer D was correct

See figure 2-2. [2.1.1]

Your answer B was correct

�The Delphi technique helps reduce bias in the data and keeps any person from
having undue influence on the outcome.� [11.2.2.2]

Your answer B should have been A

In some organizations, a project is not formally chartered and initiated until
completion of a needs assessment, feasibility study, preliminary plan or some other
equivalent form of analysis. [4.0]

Your answer D should have been A

Meeting customer expectations �requires a combination of �conformance to
requirements� (the project must produce what it said it would produce) and �fitness
for use� (the product or service produced must satisfy real [business] needs.�
Incidentally, ASP stands for �Application Server Pages�. Don�t be confused by
seeing terms or abbreviations that you don�t recognize - ask yourself if it is
necessary to understand in order to answer the question. In this case, the meaning
of �ASP� is quite irrelevant. [8.0]

You answered 5 questions correctly.

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Your answer C should have been B
List of prioritized risks is an output of this process. [11.3.1]

Your answer A was correct

The outputs from project plan execution are 1) work results and 2) change requests.
The inputs to performance reporting are 1) the project plan, 2) work results and 3)
other project records. [10.3.1.1, 4.4.3.7]

Your answer C should have been D

�A weighting system is a method for quantifying qualitative data to minimize the
effect of personal prejudice on seller selection.� [12.4.2.1]

Your answer D was correct

If the product has value beyond the current project then the cost of the product
allocated to the current project may be less than the total cost. [12.1.2.1]

Your answer B was correct

Qualitative risk analysis deals with �prioritizing risks for subsequent further
analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurance and
impact.� [11.0]

Your answer C should have been B

Cost recognition is a function of project execution and control. Cost budgeting is
process 7.2 in project planning. [7.0]

Your answer C should have been B

The criteria for verifying the correctness of the decomposition are 1) are the
lower-level items both necessary and sufficient for completion of the decomposed
item, 2) is each item clearly and completely defined, and 3) can each item be
appropriately scheduled, budgeted and assigned to a specific organizational unit
who will accept responsibility for satisfactory completion. [5.3.2.2]

Your answer D was correct

Decomposition in scope management is intended to better understand the required
details of the product and is thus focused on better quality. Decomposition in
activity definition is intended to better understand the nature of the work that
needs to be done so that relationships and duration can be better estimated, and is
thus focused on better time management. [6.1.2.1]

Your answer C should have been A

Virtually no one knowingly makes statements, adheres to a position in an argument,
or engages deliberately in actions that they believe are nonsensical. Effective
resolution of conflict begins with the assumption that the other person�s
perspective is legitimate and that our job is to understand that perspective. Only
from that vantage point can one begin to seek a way to resolve disagreements.

Your answer D was correct

By definition, when EV = PV the task is completed. There is insufficient
information to determine whether activity A finished early or late (there are many
factors that could contribute to a greater than expected cost.) The CPI is
2.200/2.400 = .91, indicating that the activity is over budget because it is less
than 1.

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Your answer B was correct
Measurements reflect the consequence of variation rather than being a cause.

Your answer D was correct

The study began as a study of lighting effects on productivity. They initially
observed that more lighting led to higher productivity. When they then tried to
determine how much lighting was enough, they found that productivity increased
without regard to the amount of light. This ultimately led to the conclusion stated
in the question. Meredith and Mantel, section 4.7

Your answer A was correct

Evaluation criteria are often included as part of the procurement documents.
[12.2.3.2]

Your answer C was correct

Critical path method assesses scheduling flexibility and may be an input to risk
assessment. Diagramming methods are not part of risk assessment at all. Resources
assignments are one of the outputs from risk assessment. Monte Carlo simulation
produces a probabalistic assessment of many types of risks. [11.4.2.2]

Your answer D should have been C

The outputs from performance reporting are 1) Performance Reports and 2) Change
Requests. [10.3]

Your answer A was correct

Answer C is key to lessons learned but not progress measurement and control.
Answers B and D are necessary for this requirement but require the baselines in
order to have something to communicate or review. [7.2.3.1]

Your answer C was correct

Answers A and B assume that only one stakeholder perspective is the �right� one and
all others should be required to conform. Answer D is, of course, the ideal
solution but is seldom practical. �Managing stakeholder expectations may be
difficult because stakeholders often have very different objectives that may come
into conflict.� (PMBOK) [2.2]

Your answer D was correct

�A Chart of Accounts is any numbering system used to monitor project costs by
category� The project chart of accounts is usually based upon the corporate chart
of accounts of the primary performing organization.� [Glossary]

Your answer C was correct

�Residual risks [are those] that are expected to remain after planned responses
have been taken, as well as those that have been deliverately accepted.� [11.5.3.1]

Your answer D was correct

The project plan should be distributed to stakeholders as defined in the
communication plan. The project plan is expected to change over time as new issues
are identified and final decisions are made. The WBS is an output of 5.3 Scope
Definition. [Glossary]

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Your answer A was correct

All activities have baseline start and finish dates once project execution begins.
Completed tasks also have an actual start date. Forecast remaining time only has
meaning in the context of an activity in progress. [6.6.2.1]

Your answer B should have been C

When the desired acquisition is a commercial or standard item where the source
selection process will be based primarily on price, a bid or quotation is the
desired document. Purchase orders are generally used for off-the-shelf items not
requiring any design details. A proposal is generally used when consideration of
factors other than price, such as technical skills and approach, are paramount.
Answer A can be a component of any of the other three documents. [12.2.3.1]

Your answer D was correct

�Finish-to-finish means �the completion of the successor activity depends upon the
completion of the predecessor activity.� [6.2.2.1]

Your answer A was correct

Although the causes of variation and the reasoning behind the corrective action
chosen are important elements of the lessons learned document, other types of
lessons learned are not excluded (examples: the reasons why an alternative
corrective action was not chosen, communication inadequacies with the customer,
effective new methodologies, etc.) D is true because both are concerned with the
formal acceptance of the project�s product. [4.7.3.4]

Your answer B was correct

Answers A and D are likely to help because they will encourage the team members to
become more comfortable with each other and to understand each others strengths and
weaknesses. Answer C is likely to help as this is the first step recommended for
dealing with conflict. Answer B will help only in the unlikely event that there is
a problem with morning meetings for one or more team members. [9.4.2.3]

Your answer D was correct

�Human Resource Planning determines project roles, responsibilites, and reporting
relationships, and creates the staffing management plan.� [9.1]

Your answer C was correct

Answer A is not a defined process. Developing the preliminary project scope
statement and project management plan takes place after the decision to undertake
the project as documented in the project charter. [4.1]

Your answer D was correct

Assumptions are factors that, for planning purposes, are considered to be true,
real or certain. Project teams frequently identify, document and validate
assumptions as part of their planning process. Assumptions generally involve a
degree of risk. [Glossary]

Your answer A was correct

�Benchmarking involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of
other projects to generate ideas for improvement and to provide a standard by which
to measure performance.� [8.1.2.2]

Your answer D should have been B

Answer B is part of the communications technology assessment. [10.1.2]

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Your answer B should have been A
In a fixed-price with incentive contract, the buyer offers an additional fee based
upon the seller providing something beyond the basic terms and conditions (quicker
completion, higher quality, etc.). The additional value represents an opportunity
cost to the buyer but little additional risk since, if the additional value is not
delivered, he does not have to pay anything. Garrett, pp. 89-92 [12.1.2.3]

Your answer B was correct

The inputs to the activity definition processes are 1) Enterprise environmental
factors, 2) Organizational process assets, 3) Project scope statement, 4) WBS, 5)
WBS dictionary, 6) Project management plan. [6.1.1]

Your answer B was correct

A key concept in EVA is that both time and cost are expressed in units of currency.
Answer A = planned value, Answer C = actual cost. [7.3.2.2]

Your answer B should have been C

Performance reports may be simpler on small projects, but they are still necessary.
They do point to areas where there may be problems but are unlikely to identify
appropriate corrective action. The frequency of performance reports is defined in
the communication plan and can be more or less frequent than monthly depending on
the needs of the stakeholders. [10.3.3]

Your answer C should have been D

�... the project manager should be identified and assigned as early in the project
as is feasible. The project manager should always be assigned prior to the start of
planning ...� [4.1]

Your answer A was correct

Benchmarking is a tool and technique of Quality planning. Government agency
regulations are part of the Enterprise Environmental Factors, Historical databases
come under the heading of Organizational Process Assets and acceptance criteria are
found in the project scope statement. [8.1.1]

Your answer C was correct

Status review meetings should also be used to look ahead at upcoming deadlines,
identify possible new risks or looming problems, and ensure that everything is in
place for the work that is to be completed. [10.3.3.3]

Your answer C was correct

The inputs to risk management planning are 1) Enterprise Environmental Factors
(risk attitude and tolerance), 2) Organizational Process Assets (Risk management
policies, risk categories, and roles and responsibilities), 3) Project Scope
Statement and 4) Project Management Plan. The risk register is the principle output
of the risk planning processes. [11.1.1]

Your answer A was correct

The first iteration of the project schedule, based only on dependency relationships
and activity durations, only indicates the most optimistic schedule assuming
unlimited resources. Since this is rarely the case, the next step is to determine
resource availability and the impact of external constraints so that the schedule
can be appropriately adjusted. [6.5.2]

Your answer D was correct

Negotiating involves conferring with others to come to terms with them or reach an
agreement.

You answered 9 questions correctly. This is a very good result!

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Your answer A was correct

The so-called �triple constraints� of scope, time and cost define the project
because any change in one of these requires appropriate changes in one or both of
the remaining two in order to have a feasible, executable plan. Thus the
corresponding baselines of scope, schedule and cost become the key performance
baselines. [1.3]

Your answer D was correct

The components of the Scope Management Plan include 1) how the detailed scope
statement will be prepared, 2) how the WBS will be created from the detailed scope
statement, 3) how formal verification and acceptance of the deliverables will be
obtained, and 4) how requests for changes to the detailed scope statement will be
processed. [5.1.3.1]

Your answer A was correct

Task A Task B Task B start
Answer Start Finish Start Finish - Task A end
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -------------
A 1 8 5 14 3
B 7 14 1 10 -13
C 1 8 6 15 2
D 1 8 2 11 6 [6.2.2.1]

Your answer C was correct

This is an example of a question where you must select the best answer, not one
that is necessarily always true. Presumably the nature of the detailed and accurate
work would be known at the time the base estimate was made. All the other choices
involve the uncertainties of coordinating with other team members which is
inherently uncertain. [6.4.3.1]

Your answer D should have been B

Answer B refers to Integrated Change Control. [4.3.2.2]

Your answer B was correct

�The contract SOW can be revised and refined as required as it moves through the
procurement process unti incorporated into a signed contract.� [12.1.3.2]

Your answer D was correct

Co-location is �an organizational placement strategy where the project team members
are physically located close to one antoher in order to improve communication,
working relationships, and productivity.� [Glossary]

Your answer A was correct

Meeting customer expectations �requires a combination of �conformance to
requirements� (the project must produce what it said it would produce) and �fitness
for use� (the product or service produced must satisfy real [business] needs.�
Incidentally, ASP stands for �Application Server Pages�. Don�t be confused by
seeing terms or abbreviations that you don�t recognize - ask yourself if it is
necessary to understand in order to answer the question. In this case, the meaning
of �ASP� is quite irrelevant. [8.0]

Your answer D was correct

See figure 2-2. [2.1.1]

Your answer A was correct

In some organizations, a project is not formally chartered and initiated until
completion of a needs assessment, feasibility study, preliminary plan or some other
equivalent form of analysis. [4.0]

You answered 7 questions correctly. This is a very good result!

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Your answer B was correct

�Performance reporting involves collecting and disseminating performance
information to provide stakeholders with information about how resources are being
used to achieve project objectives.� [10.3]

Your answer C was correct

Fast tracking is defined as �A specific project schedule compression technique that
changes network logic to overlap phases [or activities] that would normally be done
in sequence.� [Glossary]

Your answer A was correct

Answers B and C belong to quality management, and answer D was formulated by
Elizabeth Duffy and suggested that we all try to adjust our lives so that we have a
dynamic balance (homeostasis) between challenge and relaxation. Kerstner, Chapter
18

Your answer C was correct

Budget (or engineering) estimates are done late in the planning process when most
of the information about the project is known. This estimate is expected to be the
most reliable.

Your answer B was correct

Qualitative numbers may also be measured numerically, so the primary distinction
between qualitative and quantitative numbers is that qualitative numbers cannot be
meaningfully added together. For example, if two one gallon pails of water are
poured into a two gallon container, the density of water in the two gallon
container remains at 1.0

Your answer A was correct

According to the PMBOK, �The cost of preventing mistakes is always much less than
the cost of correcting them�� [8.0]

Your answer B should have been A

Inputs to qualitative risk analysis are 1) Organizational process assets (data
about risks on past projects and the lessons learned knowledge base), 2) Project
scope statment (project complexity and uniqueness), 3) Risk management plan and 4)
Risk register. [11.3.1]

Your answer B was correct

The detailed project scope statement includes, either directly or by reference to
other documents: objectives, scope description, requirements, boundaries,
deliverables, acceptance criteria, constraints, assumptions, � (more) [5.2.3.1]

Your answer C should have been B

�Care should be taken to avoid wasting resources on unnecessary information or
inappropriate technology.� The �tipping� word in this question that makes it false
is �...include ALL information�� [19.1.2.1]

Your answer A should have been B

Change requests are an output of Contract Administration. The input is Approved
Change Requests. Change requests will most often originate from the seller and only
very rarely because the buyer, based on the work deliverables, wishes to make some
change. [12.5.1]

composite organization
In negotiations, what is a fait accompli tactic?

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Your answer C was correct

McClelland examined motivation on two scales, the motivation to achieve success and
the motivation to avoid failure. He noted that there were clear behavior
predictions that could be made depending on where people found themselves on these
two scales. Meredith and Mantel, section 4.7

Your answer B was correct

The full title of ISO 9000 is �Quality management and quality systems elements -
guidelines.� It only describes the characteristics of a quality system and does not
prescribe any particular approach.

Your answer A was correct

The processes in the controlling group are Performance Reporting, Integrated Change
Control, Scope Verification, Risk Monitoring and Control, Scope Change Control,
Schedule Control, Cost Control and Quality Control. [3.3.4]

Your answer C was correct

Characteristics of the Exploitive-Authoritative system are 1) decisions are imposed
on subordinates, 2) motivation is characterized by threats, 3) high levels of
management have great responsibilities but lower levels have virtually none, and 4)
there is very little communication and no joint teamwork. Kerzner, pp. 499-504

Your answer D was correct

Reliable means that measurements produce results that vary from one another by less
than a prespecified amount. It is NOT the same as �valid�. Making measurements with
a yardstick that is divided into 100 equal divisions and called a meter would be
very reliable but invalid.

Your answer B was correct

The performance measurement baselines typically integrates scope, schedule, and
cost parameters of a project, but may also include technical and quality
parameters. Since any changes must be approvintegrates scope, schedule, and cost
parameters of a project, but may also include technical and quality
parametersintegrates scope, schedule, and cost parameters of a project, but may
also include technical and quality parametersintegrates scope, schedule, and cost
parameters of a project, but may also include technical and quality
parametersintegrates scope, schedule, and cost parameters of a project, but may
also include technical and quality parameters. Since these will usually change only
intermittently, and then generally only in response to an approved scope of work or
deliverable change, the performance measurement baseline will also be relatively
stable. [4.3]

Your answer C was correct

Where this rule is not followed, the dependency arrow must be labled �SS�.
[6.2.2.1]
Your answer A was correct
�... the activity list includes � a scope of work description for each schedule
activity in sufficient detail to ensure that project team members understand what
work is required to be completed.� Management activities, because they are not time
based (i.e. they must be done when necessary and duration cannot be planned), are
not included on the activity list. [6.1.3.1]

Your answer A was correct

The objective of Contract Administration is to ensure �that both it and the other
party meet their contractual obligations and that their own legal rights are
protected.� [12.5]

Your answer A was correct

Characteristics of the Converging learning style are 1) Good problem solver, 2)
Makes decisions easily, 3) Good at deductive reasoning, 4) Good at delineating
problems, and 5) Generally very logical.

You answered 7 questions correctly. This is a very good result!

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Your answer B was correct

That portion of initiation which is concerned with Net Present Value and similar
economic models is properly part of cost management. Forecasting and estimating are
the respective objectives of 7.3 Cost Control and 7.1 Cost Estimating. [7.0]

Your answer B should have been C

Most organizations have documented policies and procedures specifically defining
who can sign such procurement agreements on behalf of the organization, typically
called a �delegation of procurement authority�. [12.4.3.2]

Your answer B was correct

�Indirect costs, also called overhead and general and administrative costs, are
costs allocated to the project by the project team as a cost of doing business�
Indirect costs are usually calculated as a percentage of direct costs.� [12.1.2.3]

Your answer A was correct

�A quality audit is a structured, independent review to determine whether project
activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and
procedures.� [8.2.2.2]

Your answer D was correct

The quality goals provide the guiding vision. The objectives represent the
quantifiable results that will allow the goals to be reached. Strategies are
concerned with what should be done to reach each objective, and tactics are
concerned with how the strategies should be conducted. At the lowest level is
logistics: who should do these things and when and where they should be done.
Brocca, pp 206 - 215

Your answer D was correct

Subjective means that something is measured by reference to a standard that is
internal to the system. For example, �high�, �medium� and �low� must be defined
within the system using these terms. Objective means something is measured by
reference to a standard that is external to the system such as time and size.

Your answer B should have been C

The Participative leadership style is characterized by 1) allowing a great deal of
freedom in identifying problems and solutions, 2) working closely with
subordinates, 3) allows extensive participation, but 4) reserving to him/herself
the final decision. The consultative style is not so open, with discussion more
focused around the leader�s uncertainties than asking for new ideas.

Your answer B was correct

The dominate theme in business today is to accomplish more in a shorter period of
time with fewer resources. While an unresponsive management style and beaurocratic
administrative procedures can make a bad situation worse, the principle challenge
arises out of disagreements over which projects should have a priority claim on
time and human resources.

Your answer A should have been D

Organizational administrative procedures are one of the inputs to the plan
development process but they function more as constraints on the possible solutions
represented be the project plan. [4.3]

Your answer B was correct

�An updated risk register contains outcomes of risk reassessments, risk audits, and
periodic risk reviews. These outcomes may include updates to probability, impact,
priority, response plans, ownership, and other elements of the risk register.
Outcomes can also include closing risks that are no longer applicable. The actual
outcomes of the project�s risks, and of risk responses that can help project
managers plan for risk thorughout the organization, as well as on future projects.�
[11.6.3.1]

You answered 7 questions correctly. This is a very good result!

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Your answer C was correct

The cost and accuracy of bottom-up estimating is driven by the size and complexity
of the individual activity or work package: smaller activities increase both cost
and accuracy of the estimating process. [7.1.2.3]

Your answer B was correct

Contract closeout involves both product verification (was all work completed
correctly and satisfactorily) and administrative closeout (updating of records to
reflect final results and archiving of such information for future use). [12.6]

Your answer D was correct

Assumptions are factors that, for planning purposes, are considered to be true,
real or certain. Project teams frequently identify, document and validate
assumptions as part of their planning process. Assumptions generally involve a
degree of risk. [Glossary]

Your answer A should have been B

�Integrated change control is the process necessary for controlling factors tht
create changes to make sure those changes are beneficial, determining whether a
change has occcurred, and managing the approved changes, including when they
occur.� [4.6]

Your answer C should have been A

While an awareness of more regular status reporting might inspire more careful
attention to detail, it is the least likely of the four possibilities to lead to
any improvement.
Your answer B was correct
Answers A and D are likely to help because they will encourage the team members to
become more comfortable with each other and to understand each others strengths and
weaknesses. Answer C is likely to help as this is the first step recommended for
dealing with conflict. Answer B will help only in the unlikely event that there is
a problem with morning meetings for one or more team members. [9.4.2.3]

Your answer D should have been B

Where the seller will receive additional value beyond the current project it may be
acceptable for the buyer to share in this additional value through a sharing of
costs on the current project. [12.1.2.3]

Your answer A was correct

All activities have baseline start and finish dates once project execution begins.
Completed tasks also have an actual start date. Forecast remaining time only has
meaning in the context of an activity in progress. [6.6.2.1]

Your answer A was correct

Although the causes of variation and the reasoning behind the corrective action
chosen are important elements of the lessons learned document, other types of
lessons learned are not excluded (examples: the reasons why an alternative
corrective action was not chosen, communication inadequacies with the customer,
effective new methodologies, etc.) D is true because both are concerned with the
formal acceptance of the project�s product. [4.7.3.4]

Your answer D was correct

�Finish-to-finish means �the completion of the successor activity depends upon the
completion of the predecessor activity.� [6.2.2.1]

You answered 6 questions correctly.

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Your answer A was correct

�A quality audit is a structured, independent review to determine whether project
activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and
procedures.� [8.2.2.2]

Your answer B was correct

The dominate theme in business today is to accomplish more in a shorter period of
time with fewer resources. While an unresponsive management style and beaurocratic
administrative procedures can make a bad situation worse, the principle challenge
arises out of disagreements over which projects should have a priority claim on
time and human resources.

Your answer A should have been C

Tools & Techniques in the Activity Sequencing process are 1) Precedence diagramming
method (PDM), 2) Arrow diagramming method (ADM), 3) Schedule network templates, 4)
Dependency determination, and 5) Applying leads and lags. [6.2]

Your answer D should have been B

�If the performing organization does not have a formal purchasing or contracting
groups, then the project team will have to supply both the resources and the
expertise to perform project procurement activities.� [12.1.1.1]

Your answer B was correct

�Indirect costs, also called overhead and general and administrative costs, are
costs allocated to the project by the project team as a cost of doing business�
Indirect costs are usually calculated as a percentage of direct costs.� [12.1.2.3]

Your answer C was correct

The Participative leadership style is characterized by 1) allowing a great deal of
freedom in identifying problems and solutions, 2) working closely with
subordinates, 3) allows extensive participation, but 4) reserving to him/herself
the final decision. The consultative style is not so open, with discussion more
focused around the leader�s uncertainties than asking for new ideas.

Your answer D was correct

Organizational administrative procedures are one of the inputs to the plan
development process but they function more as constraints on the possible solutions
represented be the project plan. [4.3]

Your answer D should have been A

Validity measures the extent to which a piece of information means what we believe
it to mean. It is NOT the same as �reliable�. Making measurements with a yardstick
that is divided into 100 equal divisions and called a meter would be very reliable
but invalid.

Your answer B was correct

That portion of initiation which is concerned with Net Present Value and similar
economic models is properly part of cost management. Forecasting and estimating are
the respective objectives of 7.3 Cost Control and 7.1 Cost Estimating. [7.0]

Your answer D should have been C

�[Risk categories] provide a structure that ensures a comprehensive process of
systematically identifying risk to a consistent level of detail and contributes to
the effectiveness and quality of Risk Identification.� [11.2.1.3]