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CONTROL RISK
LEVEL OF RISK
Relevant assertion
RISK DESCRIPTIONS EXPLANATION FSs level Assertion level affected
Turnover 44,540 42,920 40,012 The turnover of 3 years are not much low
different, and the figure of 2018 is
higher than that of 2017 therefore it
can indicate that the business of
company is improved
Gross profit 7,078 7,140 7,423 The Gross Profit of the company Inventory high
witnessed a decrease during 3 years. It
shows that the COGS increased and it
leads to a problem about value of
inventory.
Net profit 519 1,150 1,201 The net profit before tax of 2017 and High
before tax 2016 are relatively same but it
decreased significantly in 2018 nearly
a half. The auditor should find the
reasons.
Total assets 27,727 25,136 24,500 The amount of total asset increased in Medium
2018 and the auditor should determine
whether the increase in current asset
or the inventory.
Current 1,012 1,377 1,378 The figure in 2017 and 2016 are Current asset low
ratio nearly the same but it decreases Current
moderately in 2018. It indicates that liabilities
the liquidity in short term of the
company higher in 2018.
Quick ratio 0,321 0,519 0,527 The quick ratio in 2017 and 2016 Going high
remained stable at approximately 0,5, concern
but this figure decline significantly to
0,321 in 2018. And in 3 years these
figures were lower than 1 it means
that the company's financial situation
is in a state of weakness, unable to
immediately pay short-term debts.
Especially, the reducing in 2018
indicates that the number of
inventories increase, the risk of
obsolete is rasing.
Inventory 3,353 4,355 4,301 The inventory turnover in 3 year quite Asset low
turnover high, this figure was stable in 2017
and 2016 and it saw a decrease in
2018.
This large coefficient shows that the
turnaround speed of goods in
warehouses is fast. The higher the
number of inventory turnover, the
faster sales and inventory are not
stagnant. This means that the business
will be less risky if the inventory item
value in the financial statements is
decreasing over the years.
’’Net 230,777 11,892 11,901 The NWC measures the liquidity of Current high
lworking times Times Times the company and is calculated from assets
lcapital the balance sheet. Current
l(NWC) The NWC in 2016 and 2017 remained liabilities
lturnover’’ stable but it significantly raise nearly
19 times in 2018. It shows that the Going
company run business efficiency. But concern
audit term still have to pay attention to
Going concern situation.
III. AUDIT SCOPE
The scope of audit is the determination of the scope of activities and the period of time that the records must
be audited.
Legal requirements.
Entity aspects.
Reliable information.
Appropriate communication.
Evaluate.
Check.
Compare.
Decision.
1. INVENTORY:
- Control lover lreveiving lgoods lactivities
- Control lover lrecording linventory
- Account lbalances
2. ACCOUNT lPAYABLE l
- Control lover lpayment lactivities
- Account lbalances l
IV. MATERIALITY
A. Overall materiality
-turnover is a appreciate indicator to assess high level of operation and reflect volumn of good purchased.
- gross asset value is reasonable ratio in manufacturing environment and practical where “return on assets” is
important ratio.
- Net Profit before tax useful where return on equity investment is important because Binh An Co. is a listed
company.
- relevant percentage:
Turnover : 0,5% - 1%
Gross profit: 0,5% - 1%
Net profit before tax : 5%
B. Performance Materiality
- uncorrected misstatement.
For retail company like Binh An co. they will accept to adjust 70% of the adjusted entries given by the
auditors.
=> uncorrected misstatement will affect 20% of overall materiality
=> performance Materiality 70% * overall materiality = 70% * 103,27 =$72,289
2.
TEST OF CONTROL COLLECTED EVIDENCE
Inspection :
Re-performance :
Enquiry lof lstaff lin CFO is responsible for approving all the
receiving ldepartment about purchase order.
the lprocess and the CFO may not have enough skills and
instruction lof receiving good experience to fulfill that responsibility.
lthat they lare following. Sometimes goods received cannot be
examined fully by receiving department
The received goods may not meet the
requirements of purchase order about
quality and quantity.
’Enquiry lthe lManager ’The lgoods lare lstored lin lthe
labout lthe lInventory lwarehouses‘’ l‘’under lonly lthe lcontrol
lcontrol lsystems, lthe lstaff lof lwarehouse‘’ lmanager.‘’Only
lwho lresponsible lfor lwarehouse lmanager lupdate lthe lperpetual
ladministration lof linventory lrecord, land luse lit lto‘’ ldetermine lthe
Enquiry lWarehouse lreorder lgood llevel.’
lManager labout lthe lprocess
land lcriterial ltha lthis
ldepartment luse lto The monthly payment listing is not used in
ldetermine lreorder lgood Binh Anh Co becausing having differences
llevel between data in the bank and Binh Anh’s
Inquiry CEO, the payable notes.
accountant, the chief
accountant’’
Financial
linformation‘is
ldisclosed
lfairly land lat
correct
amounts
AUDITOR’s lREPORT
TO lTHE BOARD OF DIRECTOR,ll BOARD OFlll MANAGEMENT, SHAREHOLDERSlOF
lBINH lANllCOMPANY
“We have audited the 2018 Financial Statements, including: Balance sheet at 31/12/2018,
report on business results, cash flow statement and Notes to financial statements ended on the same
day, of the Binh An Co. (hereinafter referred to as "Company") , attached from page 05 to page 198.”
“The Board of Directors is responsible for making and presenting honestly and reasonably
financial statements of the Company in accordance lwith Vietnamese Accounting Standards, the
Vietnamese Corporate Accounting System and related legal regulations published by Vietnamese
Ministry of Finance. Moreover, the Board of Directors is responsible for internal control that they
confirms to ensure that the preparation and presentation of financial statements are free from material
misstatement, whaterver it is fraud or error.”
Auditor’s Responsibility
“The responsibility of the Auditor is to give his own independent opinion abour the financial
statements, based on the results of the audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with Vietnamese
Auditing Standards. These standards require auditors to comply with standards and regulations on
career ethics and planning and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements are freefrom material misstatement or not.”
“The audit involves performing procedures to collect audit evidences about the data and notes
on financial statements. The procedures are selected relying on auditor’s judgements, including the
assessment of risks of material misstatement on financial statements, whatever it is fraud or error.
While performing this assessment, the auditor reviewed the internal control of the Company relating
to the preparation and presentation financial statements honestly and reasonably for the design of
inspection procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing
an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the
appropriateness of accounting policies used an the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.”
“We guarantee that the audit evidences we have obtained are sufficient and appropriate to use
as basis for our audit opinion.”
Auditor’s Opinion
“In our opinion, except for the effects of the matter described in the Basis for
Qualified Opinion section of our report these financial statements present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of the Company at 31 December 2018 and its financial
performance and cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with Vietnamese Accounting
Standards, the Vietnamese Corporate Accounting Sytem and the requirements of Vietnamese
Ministry of Finance.”
“Errors were found in the payable ledger. Moreover, the individual accounts of suppliers
make up the trade payables balances, the total of which is material to the statement of financial
position. In addition, by taking physical count, we have found that a large portion of inventory may be
obsolete.”
(signature)
Auditor’s name
4. Draft suitable management letters in relation to a statutory audit for Binh An Company
AIC Vienam
XY - Main Street
Hanoi
Vietnam
Tel: (abc) wxyz-abcd
Fax: (###) ####-####
General Manager
Binh An-Joint Stock Company
218 Lo Duc - Hai Ba Trung
Hanoi
Vietnam
May 13, 2019
Dear Mr.ABC,
“We have recently completed the audit in accordance with Vietnamese Standards on Auditing
the financial statements of for the year ended 31 December 2018, and have issued our report thereon
dated 17 March 2019. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the
amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.” The procedures selected depend on our
judgment, including the assessment of the risks of matenal misstatement of the financial statements,
whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, we considered internal control
relevant to the Company's preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to
design audit procedures that are appropriate in the‘ circumstances, but not for the purpose of
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control. Accordingly, we do not
express an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control.
“During our audit, we noted certain matters involving internal control and other operational
matters that are presented for your consideration. These comments and recommendations have been
discussed with the appropriate members of management and their formal responses have been
incorporated into this report from the attached letter. These comments and recommendations are
intended to improve internal control or result in other operating efficiencies and are summarized in the
attached file below.”
“Our audit procedures are designed primarily to enable us to form an opinion on the financial
statements, and therefore may not bring to light all weaknesses in policies or procedures that may
exist. We aim, however, to use our knowledge of Company gained during our work to make
comments and suggestions that we hope will be useful to you.”
“We would be pleased to discu s these comments and recommendations with you at any
time.”
“This communication is intended solely for the infollllation and use of management, the
Office of Inspector General, others within the organization, the Govemment Accountability Office,
and the U.S. Congress, and is not intended to be and should not be used by anyone other than these
specified parties.”
Yours truly,
(signature)
Weakness Implication Recommendation
Warehouse The security condition in the - The goods are - Warehouse need a lock
control warehouses is not considered: stored in the system lwith lparticular
(Physiccal) +Camera system has not warehouses password, land lonly la small
worked for months under only the lnumber lof lstaff lknow lit.
+Employees can enter in control of - Camera lsystems lin lthe
warehouses without any warehouse manager. lwarehouse lshould lbe lin
restriction - According to Fraud lwork lat lany ltime.
Triangle, it is a good - There lneed lto lhave lmore
opportunity for lstaff lin lwarehouse lto ltake
employees to undertake lthe lresponsibility lof lcontrol
fraudulent action – linventory. lAn lindependent
missappropriation of lcheck lover lthis lshould lbe
assets lregularly lundertaken lby
lInternal lAudit
Recording - The perpetual records only The current stiuation of It need to continously update
System contain physical quantilites of inventory in the both quanlities, qualities and
inventory, but no description warehouse may not be description of inventory to
and quality. fully controlled, leading ensure that Inventory may not
- Only warehouse manager to the confusion in be misstated.
update the perpetual record, determining reorder level,
and use it to determine the as well as rasing the risk
reorder good level of missapropriation of
assets.
Purchase Payment CFO is responsible for - CFO may not have Purchase manager should take
System approving all the purchase enough skills and the duty of approval Purchase
order. experience to fullfill that order, he should evidence his
responsibility. l’’ approval lby lway lof signiature
- He can not make on each order.
appropriate predictability
about the selling trend,
the ltype of inventory that
is favorable by customers.
l’’