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By :
Name : edi wardana naibaho (4173131007)
sri rahmadani (417)
luxy grebers swend sinaga (417)
class : chemistry education 2017
courese : experiment of quantitative and qualitative analitycal
chemistry
CHEMISTRY EDUCATION
CHEMIISTRY
FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2019
A. Title : Determination Of Ascorbic Acid Content By Iodometry By
Using Standard Solution And Determination Of Caffein Content
B. Objectives : To determine the level of ascorbic acid using iodimetry
titration using iodine standard solution as its titrant and determine the level of
a caffeine by using iodometric titration using a standard solution of Na2S2O3 as
its titrant.
C. Theoretical review:
Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is essential for human life and is required for a
range of physiological functions in human body. It can be found either in fresh fruits
and vegetables naturally or in medical forms such as normal tablets, effervescent
tablets and liquid vials. It is the most widely taken supplement. Though daily
requirements of vitamin C are changeable according to the age, sex and conditions,
it is around 75 to 90 mg per day for healthy adults and no more than 2000mg per
day is recommended1 . It is one of the most ubiquitous vitamins ever discovered.
Besides plays a paramount role as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger, it has
been suggested to be an effective antiviral agent (Chowdhury,2016).
(Chowdhury,2016).
The chemical methods for the determination of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
have been mainly' based on the method of Tillmans, Hirsch, and Hirsch employing
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol or on some modification of the iodometric titration.
In general the iodometric methods have been subject to criticism since they lack
specificity and a sharp end point, although Stevens has shown that by employing a
double back-titration in the presence of a high concentration of hydrogen ions the
iodine end point may be made very sharp. Further, Tauber and Kleiner have
demonstrated that the iodometric method is adequate for the determination of
ascorbic acid in citrus fruit juices, since interfering substances are absent. However,
in common with all iodometric methods, the reagents employed in Stevens’ method
change their titer with time, requiring frequent standardization, and the double
back-titration increases the volumetric error (Ballentine,1941).
The main advantages of the iodometric titration method are its simplicity,
the use of very elementary equipment, easily available reagents of low cost and
speed of reaction of iodine with L-AA. In the present study, since the L-AA
amounts of all analyzed fruit/vegetables were reasonably high, LOD and LOQ are
not essential issues. However, in some highly colored extracts it is difficult to
accurately determine the endpoint of titration. The LOD and the LOQ of L-AA
content were 0.9 and 2.9 mg/mL, respectively. Suntornsuk et al. (2002) validated
and applied a similar iodometric titration method to herbal juices, finding higher
value limits. Overall, both methods showed much more restrictive limits than those
we determined for UHPLC-PDA (22 and 67 ng/mL for LOD and LOQ,
respectively) (Spínola et al., 2012). Besides that, iodometric titration presents the
inconvenience of exposing samples to light and oxygen during titration which can
lead to L-AA degradation and the method is susceptible to co-extracted
interferences and may overestimate L-AA due to the presence of oxidizable species
other than L-AA. Moreover, initial DHAA is never quantified in this method since
L-AA is oxidized to DHAA by iodine (Spínola,2013).
E. References :