POLITICAL ISSUES IN PAKISTAN

Submitted By: Tasneem Ahmed

Submitted To: Ma’am Naeema

Roll Number: 44881

Department of Education

Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan

December 2018
Contents
POLITICAL ISSUES IN PAKISTAN .......................................................................................................... 1
What is Politics? ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Structure Of Federal Government ................................................................................................................ 6
Political issues ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Taxation and Spending.................................................................................................................................. 7
Social Issues .................................................................................................................................................. 7
Domestic Issues............................................................................................................................................. 7
Issue Based Politics ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Feudalism ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
Military Takeover .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Accountability ............................................................................................................................................... 8
In Pakistan, Democracy or the Dictatorship ??? ........................................................................................ 9
Unemployment ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Interests Of Political Parties, Politicians, and Bureaucrats ........................................................................... 9
Grabbing Others Rights ................................................................................................................................. 9
Attitude .......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Terrorism..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Poverty ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Proxy War.................................................................................................................................................... 10
Budget for Education .................................................................................................................................. 10
Corruption ................................................................................................................................................... 11
Educational Policy ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Dropout of children..................................................................................................................................... 11
Political parties............................................................................................................................................ 11
Major Parties............................................................................................................................................... 12
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 14
Reference .................................................................................................................................................... 17
Summary; Tasneem Ahmed

POLITICAL ISSUES IN PAKISTAN

Politics: Aristotle says, “Politics is the ‘master science’”. Because it is the most important
activity through which human beings attempt to improve their lives and create the Good Society

Political issues; Political issues encompass just about everything political leaders talk about in
city council meetings, state legislatures, parliaments and Congress.

Issue Based Politics; Pakistani politics is based on ‘Personality vs. Issues = Personality wins!!!”
Feudalism; Majority of the Politicians belong to this category,

Military Takeover; Marshal law is a major factor of political destabilization.

Accountability; Accountability has always been biased throughout the history Independent
NAB non-existent. Pakistan is not going to change until every man in power take responsibility
for his action.

Unemployment; Lack of funds followed by unorganized system and lack of new projects
are causing unemployment worldwide. Unemployment is a major social problem caused by poor
economic system.

Interests of Political Parties, Politicians, and Bureaucrats; The political parties,

politicians, bureaucrats used political power to protect their own interests

Grabbing Other Rights; The ‘elite’ get the most based on the number of shared values or
attributes

Terrorism; The annual death toll from terrorist attacks has risen from 164 in 2003 to 3318 in
2009, with a total of 35,000 Pakistanis killed between September 1, 2001 and May 201.

Poverty; 30% of our country’s total population is leading life below the poverty-line, in which
the people are deprived of necessities of life

Proxy War; Behind instability of Pakistan politic there are some proxy war factors;
 Liberation movement in Baluchistan, Kashmir Issue, Water Disputes with India,
Northern areas issues
Budget for Education; Pakistan spent 2.7% of its GDP on Education, its lowest GDP in
comparison to other countries.

Corruption; Corruption is the prime reason behind the economical unstableness, Corruption
has spread into the world and has ruined the economy. Pakistan is ranked at 42nd number
among the most corrupt nations of the world.

Political parties
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to attain and
maintain political power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns.
Parties often promote an expressed ideology or vision bolstered by a written platform with
specific goals, forming a coalition among disparate interests

Major Political Parties;

 Pakistan People Party

 Pakistan Muslim League - N
 Pakistan Muslim League - Q
 Muhajir Qaumi Movement
 PAKISTAN TEHREEK-E-INSAF
What is Politics?
Politics is said to the art of government, in order to get control within the society by means of
making and applying collective decisions.

Aristotle says, “Politics is the ‘master science’”. Because it is the most important activity through
which human beings attempt to improve their lives and create the Good Society.

Politics came from the Latin word “Politicus” meaning “anything of the state or belonging to
the state”

It’s the science of government which has to do with the regulation, protection and government of
a nation or state.

Structure of Federal Government

Political issues
The term "political issues" refers to controversies debated within the political
system -- everything from divisive social issues such as abortion, to taxation and government
spending, foreign policy and free trade. In fact, political issues encompass just about everything
political leaders talk about in city council meetings, state legislatures, parliaments and Congress.

Taxation and Spending

The issue of taxation and government spending -- how much the
government should collect in taxes, from whom, and how this money should be spent -- is central
to current Pakistan politics. It includes government spending on education, jobs programs, anti-
poverty programs, infrastructure development, as well as debates over how best to reform
entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare.

Social Issues
Perhaps the most divisive social issue in Pakistan is sectarianism. The social issues
include the government's role in setting education standards and in regulating the health-care
system -- including the controversial Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Domestic Issues
Other issues hotly debated in the Pakistan include the

o protections to minority
o to protect the environment from pollution and climate change and
o What steps, if any, the government should take to restrict the sale and possession of
dangerous weapons.
Issue Based Politics
 Pakistani politics is based on ‘Personality vs. Issues = Personality wins!!!”
 PAKISTAN is a nation desperately in need of heroes.
 Our politicians dissimulate, our cricketers disappoint, and our celebrities self-destruct.
 Core issues were always neglected
 Non-existence of proactive policies to solve the basic
 problems
 Lack of responsibility showed by the political parties.

Feudalism
(Garbage In = Garbage Out)

Majority of the Politicians belong to this category, Lack of Interaction with the common man,
leads to lack of development in rural areas, Absence of a complete constitution, allowed the
peoples with power to manipulate the political and constitutional institution, as they wanted.

Military Takeover
• Marshal law is a major factor of political destabilization.
• It always leaves an uneven ground for the politicians.
• Sometimes, it is war done in the name of democracy against democracy.

Accountability
Accountability has always been biased throughout the history Independent NAB non-existent.
Pakistan is not going to change until every man in power take responsibility for his action. And
Heavy regulation, poor security that creates an unfavorable environment for foreign investment.
In Pakistan, Democracy or the Dictatorship???
From the inception of Pakistan, there has been the conflictions between the military and civil
leadership, for about 30 years in history, we have dictator leadership. As Musharraf once said,

“Democracy is an ineffective system for Pakistan as there are no checks and balances in the
system and to counter such failures army has to act because people of Pakistan expected too
much good from military.”

But Pakistan is still a democratic country.

Unemployment
Lack of funds followed by unorganized system and lack of new projects are
causing unemployment worldwide. Unemployment is a major social problem caused by poor
economic system.

Interests of Political Parties, Politicians, and Bureaucrats

The political parties, politicians, bureaucrats used political power to protect their own interests

For example; During the time of elections, the voters believe in slogans, but the politicians,
bureaucracy only protect their own interests.

Grabbing Other Rights

The ‘elite’ get the most based on the number of shared values or attributes
they possess:

 Wealth
 Skill & knowledge
 Personality
 History
 Background or experience
Low tax collection
Lack of investment Low tax collection by Government

 Tax evasion - 90%+ of the people don't pay any taxes

 Very high tax rate for those who do pay taxes

Terrorism
The annual death toll from terrorist attacks has risen from 164 in 2003 to 3318 in 2009, with a
total of 35,000 Pakistanis killed between September 1, 2001 and May 201. According to the
government of Pakistan, the direct and indirect economic costs of terrorism from 2000–2010
total $68 billion.

Poverty
30% of our country’s total population is leading life below the poverty-line, in which the people
are deprived of necessities of life like clothing, shelter, food, education and medication, the
children of these people will be forced to become Laborer’s or workers in order to survive.

Proxy War
 Behind instability of Pakistan politic there are some proxy war factors;
 Liberation movement in Baluchistan
 Kashmir Issue
 Water Disputes with India
 Northern areas issues

Budget for Education

Pakistan spent 2.7% of its GDP on Education, though 67 years have been
passed and 23 policies and action plans have been introduced yet the educational sector is
waiting for an arrival of a savior.
Corruption
• Corruption is the prime reason behind the economical unstableness.
• Corruption has spread into the world and has ruined the economy.
• Mostly members and president of politically parties are involved in corruption
• Pakistan is ranked at 42nd number among the most corrupt nations of the world.

Educational Policy
An educational policy is aa policy initiative, a statement, a directive or a
document issues from time by the government for the development of education in the country,
first education conference was held in Karachi in November 1947,

1. Fist policy in the country was presented in 1972-80

2. 1978
3. 1992
4. 1998
5. 2010
6. 2009

Dropout of children
In Pakistan education system it finds that the dropout of children was
increased, Reason for dropout of children from school includes 1. high cost of schooling, lack of
interest in study. They were needed to work and contribute to the family income

Political parties
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to attain and
maintain political power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns.
Parties often promote an expressed ideology or vision bolstered by a written platform with
specific goals, forming a coalition among disparate interests

Major Parties
Pakistan People Party

o Political Party of Pakistan.

o Founded on Nov 30, 1967 by Z. A Bhutto.

o Chairperson: Bilawal Bhutto

o Contest elections on the slogan of

"ROTI, KAPRA AURMAKAN".

Basic Principles of PPP:

o Islam is our Faith

o Democracy is our Politics

o Socialism is our Economy

o All Power to the People

o Won Election in 1970, 1977, 1988, 1993, 208.

Pakistan Muslim League - N

• Famous Political Party of Pakistan.

• Founded on 1993 by Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif

CHAIRIRPERSON:

• Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif

• Basic Principles of PML-N

 • Democracy is our Politics

• Independent Judiciary and the Rule of Law. Improvement in Education System

• Industry and Trade (Economical Improvement)

• Won Election in 1990, 1997 and 2013.

Pakistan Muslim League - Q

• Political Party of Pakistan. Founded on 2002 by Main Azhar

• Chairperson:

• Ch. Shujat Hussain

• Basic Principles of PML-Q

• Live and Let Live. Tolerance and harmony.

• Ensuring justice and freedom of expression. Dignity of the common citizen

• Protection and promotion of the rights of Women.

• Protection of the rights of minorities.

• Won Election in 2002.

Muhajir Qaumi Movement

• Founded on 1984 by Altaf Hussain. In 1997, MQM became Muthidda Qaumi

• Movement instead of Muhajir Qaumi Movement.
• Chairperson:
• Altaf Husain
• Basic Principles of MQM
• Improvement in Education Reduce Poverty and Unemployment
• Agricultural reforms
Healthcare system is a right of every Pakistani regardless of his/her income level and social
status.

PAKISTAN TEHREEK-E-INSAF

• Founded on 1996 by Imran Khan.

• PTI is one of the three major political parties of Pakistan, along with PPP and PML-N.

• Motto: “Insaf, Insaniyat aur khud itmadi”

• Chairperson:

• Imran Khan

• Basic Principles of PTI

• Government with Merit.

• Resources of the country belong to the people of the country and will be used for their
progress and development.

• Primary Health care for the poor and elderly will be free.

Conclusion

 Proper planning required

 No uniform education, but uniform curriculum

 Balanced approach for formal and informal education in rural areas

 Taking help from NGOs and International

 organizations

 Vacate places from feudal lords and build schools

  Promote vocational and technical education

 Education is a provincial subject, the provincial education secretariats need to be

strengthened

 Honesty, Accountability, leadership and future vision

Total 10 General Elections held in Pakistan:

o PPP won 5 times.

o PML-N won 3 times.

o PML-J won once.

o PML-Q won once.

Total 4-time Martial Law was imposed:

o 1st Marshal Law (M. Ayub Khan - 1958)

o 2nd Marshal Law (M. Yahya Khan - 1969)

o 3rd Marshal Law (M. Zia-ul-Haq - 1977)

o 4th Marshal Law (Pervez Musharraf - 1999)

Major Parties

o PML-N

o PTI

o PPP

Constitution of Pakistan

o Constitution of 1956

o Constitution of 1962
o Constitution of 1973
Reference
Politics. (2019, April 23). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics

https://classroom.synonym.com/examples-political-issues-10819.html

Billman, Jeffrey. "Examples of Political Issues." Synonym,

https://classroom.synonym.com/examples-political-issues-10819.html. 25 June 2018.

Joseph, S. (2015) Curriculum Politics in Higher Education: What Educators need to do to

Survive, doi:10.5430/ijhe.v4n3p14