Object Oriented Analysis

& Design
 Table of Contents
1. What is OOAD?
2. Object Oriented Approach
o Attributes
o Methods
o Classes
o Advantages of using OO Approach
3. What is Analysis?
4. What is Design?
5. OOA and OOD
6. Unified Modelling Language (UML)
o UML uses
o UML perspectives
 What is OOAD?

Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is a popular

technical approach for
• Analyzing
• Designing an application, system, or business by applying the
object oriented paradigm
• Visual modeling throughout the development life cycles for
better communication and product quality.
 Object Oriented Approach

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a method based on the

concept of "objects" .
Objects are real world entity :
• It knows something (Attributes)
• It does something (Methods)
• Grouped into classes
 Attributes, Methods , Classes

• Attributes describes the state of the object

• Methods describes the objects behaviour and the way in which
the abject data is manipulated
• Objects are grouped into the Classes and describes the
attributes and methods of its instances .
 Advantages of using Object Oriented
Approach

• Faster Development
• Reusability
• Increased quality
• Abstraction
• Debugging Ease
• Adapts to changing requirements
 What is Analysis?

• Emphasis on investigation of problems and requirements

rather than a solution
• In software development, we are concerned with two forms
of analysis:
1.Requirement Analysis:
Discovering the requirements that a system must meet in order
to be successful.
2.Object Oriented Analysis:
Related to investigation of the objects in the domain.
 What is Design?

• Emphasizes a conceptual solution that fulfills the

requirements, rather than its implementation
• Design ideas often exclude low-level or obvious details –
obvious to the intended consumers
• There are subsets of design, including:
oArchitectural design
oObject design
oDatabase design.
 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
(OOA/D)
• During OOA, the emphasis is on finding and describing the
objects (or concepts) in the problem domain, i.e., domain
objects.
• During OOD (or simply object design), the emphasis is on
defining software objects and how they collaborate to fulfill
the requirements.
• During OOP (OO Programming) or Implementation, design
objects are implemented in a programming language.
Implementation is also known as Coding or Construction.
 UML(Unified Modelling Language)

• UML is standard diagramming notation for drawing or

presenting pictures related to Object Oriented software.
• UML is a visual language for specifying, constructing and
documenting the artifacts of OO systems.
• Knowing UML helps you communicate with others in
creating software.
 UML uses

• UML as sketch
Informal (often hand sketched on whiteboards) created to
explore difficult parts of the problem or solution space .
• UML as blueprint
relatively detailed design diagrams used for better understand
existing code, for code generation, either manually or
automatically with a tool.
• UML as a programming language
Complete executable specification of a software system in
UML.
 Perspectives of UML
• Conceptual perspective
Diagrams describe things in a situation of the real world or
domain of interest.
• Specification (software) perspective
Diagrams describe software abstractions or components with
specifications and interfaces, but no commitment to a particular
language implementation.
• Implementation perspective
Diagrams describe software implementations in a particular
technology.
Any Questions?