Individual and Group

Dynamics (IGD)

Prof. Richa Saxena

WHAT IS AN ORGANIZATION?

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Organization

 A consciously coordinated social unit composed

of two or more people that functions on a
relatively continuous basis to achieve a
common goal or set of goals
 Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

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WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR?

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Organizational Behaviour

 A field of study that investigates the

impact that individuals, groups, and
structure have on behavior within
organizations for the purpose of applying
such knowledge toward improving an
organization’s effectiveness

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Disciplines Contributing to OB
 Organizational behavior is an applied
behavioral science that is built upon
contributions from a number of behavioral
disciplines:
 Psychology
 Social psychology
 Sociology
 Anthropology
 Economics
 Political Science
 Management Science

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Levels of Analysis

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Fundamental Assumptions of OB
 OB recognizes the dynamic nature of
organization
 Organizations as open systems
 Open systems are self-sustaining systems that
transform input from the external environment
into output, which the system then returns to
the environment
 OB assumes there is no “One Best”
approach

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EVOLUTION OF
ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

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Evolution of OB
 Scientific Management
 Fredrick Taylor’s time-and-motion study which
identified ways to design manual labor jobs more
efficiently in “the one best way”
 Human Relations Movement
 Emphasized that the social conditions existing in
organizations – the way employees are treated by
management and the relationships they have with
each other-influence job performance
 Mayo’s Hawthorne Studies
 Establishes that how effectively people work depends
not only on physical environment but also the social
conditions encountered
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Evolution of OB
 Classical Organizational Theory
 Focused on efficient structuring of overall
organization
 Henri Fayol’s concept of ‘Division of labor’- the
practice of dividing work into specialized tasks that
enable people to specialize in what they do best
 Bureaucracy
 An organizational design developed by Max Weber
that attempts to make organizations operate
efficiently by having a clear hierarchy of authority in
which people are required to perform well-defined
jobs

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WHY ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR?

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Roles of a Manager
 Organizational behavior is an applied
behavioral science that is built upon
contributions from a number of behavioral
disciplines:
 Psychology
 Social psychology
 Sociology
 Anthropology
 Economics
 Management Sciences
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Some Questions Answered by OB
 How can goals be set to enhance people’s job performance?
 How can jobs be designed to enhance employees’ feelings
of satisfaction?
 Under what conditions do individuals make better decisions
than groups?
 What can be done to improve the quality of organizational
communication?
 What steps can be taken to alleviate work-related stress?
 What do leaders do to enhance the effectiveness of their
teams?
 How can organizations be designed to make people highly
productive?

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