DIAGRAMMATA FASHS KANONIKWN SUSTH-

MATWN S.D.E. STO EPIPEDO

'Estw to Grammikì SÔsthma Sun jwn Diaforik¸n Exis¸sewn

y ′ = Ay. (1)

MporoÔme
 na diakrnoume
 ti parakˆtw peript¸sei gia ton pnaka A
λ1 0
1) A=  , λ1 , λ2 omìshme pragmatikè idiotimè .

0 λ2

orbits
1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
y

−0.2

−0.4

−0.6

−0.8

−1
−1 −0.8 −0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
x

Sq.1 kìmbo
 
λ1 0
2) A=  , λ1 , λ2 eterìshme pragmatikè idiotimè .

0 λ2

orbits
1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
y

−0.2

−0.4

−0.6

−0.8

−1
−15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15
x

1
 Sq.2 sˆgma

 
λ0 0
3) A=  , λ0 pragmatik  dipl  idiotim .

0 λ0

orbits
1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
y

−0.2

−0.4

−0.6

−0.8

−1
−1 −0.8 −0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
x

Sq.3 asteroeid  kìmbo

 
a −b
4) A=  , a + −ib migadikè suzuge idiotimè , a 6= 0, b > 0 .

b a

orbits
1.5

0.5

0
y

−0.5

−1

−1.5
−1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
x

Sq.4 esta

 
a −b
5) A=  , a + −ib migadikè suzuge idiotimè , a = 0, b > 0 .

b a

2
 orbits
6

y 0

−2

−4

−6
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
x

Sq.5 kèntro

ASKHSEIS

1) Armonikì talantwt 

ẍ + ω 2x = 0, ω > 0, (2)

  isodÔnama

ẋ = y
(3)

ẏ = −ω 2 x, (0, 0) shmeo isorropa .

Dexte peiramatikˆ ìti oi troqiè enai omìkentre elleyei .

LÔsh:

UlopoioÔme san mfile gia ω=1 , thn sunˆrthsh

f unction ex1 = ex1(t, y)

ex1 = [y(2) − y(1)]′;

kai to s¸zoume me to ìnoma ex1.m .

Epsh grˆfoume to mfile

f ormat long e
options = odeset(′ RelT ol′ , 1e − 4,′ AbsT ol′ , [1e − 4 1e − 4]);

3
title(′ orbits′ )
xlabel(′ x′ )
ylabel(′ y ′)
hold on
f ork = 1 : 20
[t, u] = ode45(′ex1′ , [0, 100], [0.1 ∗ k, 0.1 ∗ k], options);
plot(u(:, 1), u(:, 2))
end
hold of f

kai to s¸zoume me to ìnoma ask1.m .

Trèqonta to me thn entol  ask1 lambˆnoume thn eikìna

orbits
3

0
y

−1

−2

−3
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
x

Sq.6 Diˆgramma fˆsh

2)Elat rio me apìsbesh

ẍ + 2ẋ + 2x = 0, (4)

  isodÔnama

ẋ = y
(5)

ẏ = −2y − 2x, (0, 0) shmeo isorropa .

Dexte peiramatikˆ ìti oi troqiè enai elleiptikè spere .

LÔsh:

4
UlopoioÔme san mfile thn sunˆrthsh

f unction ex2 = ex2(t, y)

ex2 = [y(2) − 2 ∗ y(2) − 2 ∗ y(1)]′;

kai to s¸zoume me to ìnoma ex2.m .

Epsh grˆfoume to mfile

f ormat long e
options = odeset(′ RelT ol′ , 1e − 4,′ AbsT ol′ , [1e − 4 1e − 4]);
title(′ orbit′ )
xlabel(′ x′ )
ylabel(′ y ′)
hold on
[t, u] = ode45(′ex2′ , [0, 100], [500, 500], options);
plot(u(:, 1), u(:, 2))
hold of f

kai to s¸zoume me to ìnoma ask2.m .

Trèqonta to me thn entol  ask2 lambˆnoume thn eikìna

orbit
500

400

300

200

100
y

−100

−200

−300

−400
−100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
x

Sq.7 Speiroeid  troqiˆ

5
3)'Estw to sÔsthma

ẋ = −3y + x(1 − x2 − y 2 )
(6)

ẏ = 3x + y(1 − x2 − y 2 ), (0, 0) shmeo isorropa .

Dexte peiramatikˆ ìti oi troqiè sqhmatzoun oriakì kÔklo.

LÔsh:

UlopoioÔme san mfile thn sunˆrthsh

f unction ex3 = ex3(t, y)

ex3 = [−3 ∗ y(2) + y(1) ∗ (1 − y(1)2 − y(2)2 ) 3 ∗ y(1) + y(2) ∗ (1 − y(1)2 − y(2)2)]′ ;

kai to s¸zoume me to ìnoma ex3.m .

Epsh grˆfoume to mfile

f ormat long e
options = odeset(′ RelT ol′ , 1e − 4,′ AbsT ol′ , [1e − 4 1e − 4]);
title(′ orbits′ )
xlabel(′ x′ )
ylabel(′ y ′)
hold on
[t, u] = ode45(′ex3′ , [0, 100], [2, 2], options);
plot(u(:, 1), u(:, 2))
[t, u] = ode45(′ex3′ , [0, 100], [−2, 2], options);
plot(u(:, 1), u(:, 2))
[t, u] = ode45(′ex3′ , [0, 100], [−2, −2], options);
plot(u(:, 1), u(:, 2))
[t, u] = ode45(′ex3′ , [0, 100], [2, −2], options);
plot(u(:, 1), u(:, 2))
[t, u] = ode45(′ex3′ , [0, 100], [0.01, 0.01], options);
plot(u(:, 1), u(:, 2))

6
kai to s¸zoume me to ìnoma ask3.m .

Trèqonta to me thn entol  ask3 lambˆnoume thn eikìna

orbits
2

1.5

0.5

0
y

−0.5

−1

−1.5

−2
−2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
x

Sq.8 Oriakì kÔklo