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ABUNDANCE OF ANIMALS
There are species or groups of species that show a negative impact on the road for
animal abundance: species exposed to traffic disruptions (sounds, lights, pollution, traffic
movements) and species that are prone to road death. The susceptibility to traffic
disruptions may explain the many reactions of birds and some large mammals. Traffic
noise seems to be a communication problem between birds and other animals, possibly
leading to low abundance near the road, and direct observation and radiotelemetry studies
of large mammals have been documented avoiding street behavior for some species.This
can disrupt wildlife either in terms of population, communication or shelter.
The cause of increased wildlife deaths on the road may explain most of the
amphibian and reptile reactions, as well as major mammal responses. Several factors
combine to make species vulnerable to road deaths. Species are either attracted by roads
or do not block roads, and low vehicle displacements such as cars, lorries, motorcycles
and others (eg slow-moving species) often occur. Livestock will find new shelters after
the area has no food source or their place of residence threatened.Otherwise the animals
will use the road as a way for them to move from one place to another if they live near
the highway. This combination may be responsible for the negative impact of roads and
traffic on amphibians and reptiles that are often killed for violation. For example, some
snakes use road surfaces to cross the road and some tortoises put their eggs in pebbles or
roads side. This will affect the animal population from growing and increasing.
Other studies have found that some other animals such as elephants and snakes,
though not necessarily attracted to the roads and did not escape their behavior. Thus,
these animals can enter the surface of the road and are combined with their need for
seasonal migration between the breeding ground and overwintering, as slow movement
throughout the road and indirectly experiences a very high mortality rate. Moreover, this
low vehicle is the fact that some species react to traffic on the road by stopping,
increasing the time spent on the road and making them more likely to be killed. The
animal will use the road because there is no shortcut for them to move to place. When
there are obstacles between vehicles and large animals such as cows, elephants, pigs and
others can cause death either animal or human or both. This will indirectly disrupt road
traffic or images full of dead and left the dead animal in the middle of the road.
https://www.researchgate.net/topic/Wildlife-Behavior