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“ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH--A COMPARATIVE STUDY USING

GENETIC ALGORITHM AND PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION”


A thesis Submitted to

Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University


Bhilai (C.G.), India
In partial fulfillment
For award of the degree
of
MASTER OF ENGINEERING
in
POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING
by
MR. GOVIND RAJ NAIDU
Enrollment No.:AL0560
Roll. No.-5145912012
Under the Guidance of
Mr. PAWAN C. TAPRE
Sr. Associate Professor
Deptt. of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus
Shri Shankaracharya Group of Institutions Junwani, Bhilai
Session: 2013-2014
DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the thesis work entitled “ECONOMIC

LOAD DISPATCH--A CAMPARATIVE STUDY USING GENETIC


ALGORITHM AND PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION” is based on my
own work carried out during the course of my study under the supervision of Mr. Pawan C.
Tapre , Sr. Associate professor, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SSGI
Junwani, Bhilai.

I assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of my research work. I
further declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief the report does not contain any part of
any work which has been submitted for the award of any other degree/diploma/certificate in this
University or any other University of India or abroad.

------------------------------------
(Signature of the Candidate)
Name: Govind Raj Naidu
M.E.IV Semester
Enrollment No.: Al0560
Roll No.:5145912012

i
CERTIFICATE OF THE SUPERVISORS

This is to certify that the report of the thesis entitled “ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH--

A COMPARATIVE STUDY USING GENETIC ALGORITHM AND


PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION” is a record of research work carried out by
Govind Raj Naidu bearing Roll No.:5145912012 and Enrollment No.:Al0560 under the
guidance and supervision for the award of Degree of Master of Engineering in the faculty of
Department of Electrical Engineering of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University,
Bhilai (C.G.), India.

To the best of my knowledge and belief the thesis

 Embodies the work of the candidate himself,


 Has duly been completed,
 Fulfils the requirement of the Ordinance relating to the ME / M Tech degree of the
University and
 Is up to the desired standard in respect of contents and language for being referred to the
examiners.

--------------------------------- --------------------------------
Prof. Pawan C. Tapre Prof. T.C Chacko
Sr. Associate professor HOD, Deptt. Of Electrical Engg.
Deptt. of Electrical & Electronics Engg. SSTC, SSGI, Bhilai (C.G.)
SSTC,SSGI Bhilai (C.G.)

----------------------------
Dr. P. B. Deshmukh
Director SSTC, SSGI, Bhilai (C.G.)
Forwarded to Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai (C.G.), India
ii
CERTIFICATE BY THE EXAMINERS

The thesis entitled “ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH--A CAMPARATIVE

STUDY USING GENETIC ALGORITHM AND PARTICLE SWARM


OPTIMIZATION” submitted by Govind Raj Naidu Student of M.E. (PSE) (Roll No.:
5145912012, Enrollment No: Al0560) has been examined by the undersigned as a part of the
examination and is hereby recommended for the award of the degree of Master of Engineering in
the faculty of Department of Electrical Engineering of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand
Technical University, Bhilai (C.G.).

It is understood that by this approval, the undersigned do not necessarily endorse or approve any
statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion therein, but approve the report for the purpose
which it is submitted.

-------------------------- --------------------------------

Internal Examiner External Examiner


Date: Date:

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude sincere thanks to all people who have taken a great deal of
interest in my project and helped me with valuable suggestion that helped me a lot.

First and foremost I thank to my project guide Mr. Pawan C. Tapre (Senior Associate
Professor) Electrical & Electronics Engineering department for keeping the faith in me and
continually keeping me encouraged by her valuable knowledge and skills to guide me on the
project.

I would like to give special thanks to Professor Saji. T. Chacko, HOD (EEE Department) and
a sincere thanks to the committee members Dr. R. N. Patel, , who gave me their valuable
suggestion during the span of project development.

I acknowledge with my warm gratitude to Dr. P. B. Deshmukh, Director, SSTC (SSGI) Bhilai
and the benediction of the institute to extend all facilities and co-operation in completion of the
project.

Finally, I acknowledge all the members of SSTC (SSGI) family, friends, my parents and
my wife who helped me directly or indirectly in the successful completion of the project.

------------------------------

(Signature of the student)


Name: Govind Raj Naidu
Roll No.:5145912012
Enrollment No.:Al0560
Iv
ABSTRACT

Abstract— Data mining plays a crucial role in data classification technologies. As Diabetes is the
current ongoing research work in the medical science, the analysis of diabetes data has got a
greater importance in the recent future. The better and faster is the data analysis technique the
probability of finding the results is more accurate. Our proposed work is based on classification
of diabetic data which has a greater application in current medical science research works .We
have worked on two advanced neural networks, i.e. Legendre Neural Network (LeNN) and
Chebyshev Functional Link based ANN (CHFLANN) and compared their performance with
respect to the Accuracy and F measure for a sample diabetes dataset collected from uci machine
learning repository database. By performing the simulations in MATLAB environment and
analyzing the results our proposed Legendre Neural Network based architecture gives better
performance as compared to the Chebyshev based approach.

V
CONTENTS

Page No.

Abstract v
List of Abbreviations vi
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 LOAD FLOW STUDIES 1


1.2 POWER FLOW EQUATION 2
1.3 OPTIMAL POWER FLOW METHODS 3
1.3.1 GAUSS SIEDEL METHOD 3
1.3.2 NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD 4
1.3.3 FAST DE-COUPLE METHOD 5
1.4 OPERATING COST OF ATHERMAL PLANT 6
1.5 POWER FLOW AND ECONOMIC DISPATCH 7
1.6 ECONOMIC DISPATCH SYSTEM ONE
GENERATOR CONCEPT 8
1.7 INCREMENTAL COST (IC) 15
1.8 SYSTEM-2 TWO GENERATOR CONCEPT 15
1.9 SYSTEM-3 THREE GENERATORS ECONOMIC
DISPATCH APPLICATIONS 24
1.10 ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE SYSTEM 29

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 33

CHAPTER 3 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY 37


3.1 SOLUTION TO ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH
USING GENETIC ALGORITHM 39
3.2 PRELIMINARY AND BACKGROUND OF
GENETIC ALGORITHM 40
3.3 APPRACH FOR SOLVING ELD PROBLEM
WITH GA 45
3.4 OUTLINE OF THE GA ALGORITHM 45
3.5 SOLUTION TO ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH
USING PSO ALGORITHM 46
3.6 OUTLINE OF THE PSO ALGORITHM 47

CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND SIMULATION 48


4.1 SIMULATION RESULTS FOR ELD USING
GENETIC ALGORITHM 48
4.2 SIMULATION RESULTS FOR ELD USING
PSO ALGORITHM 49

CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION 53
FUTURE WORKS 54
REFERENCES 55
IX

LIST OF FIGURES

 FIGURE 1 A TYPICAL BUS OF THE POWER SYSTEM 2

 FIGURE-2 SINGLE GENERATOR CONCEPT 8

 FIGURE-3 POWER FLOW SYSTEM 10

 FIGURE 4 TWO GENERATOR CONCEPT 15

 FIGURE 5 GAUSS-SEIDEL-METHOD 21

 FIGURE 6 AVERAGE COST GRAPH 29

 FIGURE 7 GENETIC ALGORITHM RESULTS 48

 FIGURE 8 ELD WITH PSO RESULTS 49

 FIGURE. 9 COMPARISON GRAPH FOR GA AND PSO FUEL COST

RESULTS 50

 FIGURE. 10 COMPARISON GRAPH FOR GA AND PSO

TRANSMISSION LOSS RESULTS 51


 FIGURE 11 COMPARISON GRAPH FOR GA AND PSO

ALLOCATION VECTOR RESULTS 52

VIII

LIST OF TABLE

Page No
Table 1.1 Voltage Iteration Summary 13
Table 1.2 Two Generator Voltage Iteration 22
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER- 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
AND
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
CHAPTER-3
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER-4
SIMULATION
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION AND SCOPE FUTURE
WORK

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