Acknowledgement: Dr. V. K. JANARDHANAN, For The Facilities Rendered For The Progress of Our Project

Mini project 2017 Portable Paper Recycling Machine
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to take this opportunity to extend my sincere gratitude to our principal
Dr. V. K. JANARDHANAN, for the facilities rendered for the progress of our project.
We express my sincere gratitude to Head of Department for giving us the platform to

develop our project.
We would like to express my sincere indebtedness to
Mr. SREENITH, Department of Mechanical Engineering for the valuable guidance and
corporation.
We also thank all my teachers and friends for their sincere guidance and corporation.
1
ABSTRACT
In any big institution, especially educational institutions like schools or colleges,

generation of large quantity of waste papers is quite apparent. And effective use of recycled
paper is also possible (craft papers, registers etc). So, instead of disposing off the waste
papers into trash, recycling them makes sense. This not only helps the institute in cost
saving but will also ensure its contribution towards the protection of the environment.
Designing manually operated small-scaled paper recycling plant, which can be used in
schools and colleges, ensures that a cheap and non-complex method of production of paper
product is guaranteed. Accordingly design of the machine unit has been prepared with all
necessary component specifications. Also 3D modeling and drafting has been done.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………..1
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………2
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………….5
CHAPTER 1…………………………………………………………………6
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………...6
CHAPTER 2………………………………………………………………....7
CHAPTER 3………………………………………………………………....8
COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION.........................................................8
3.1 PULP FEEDING SYSTEM……………………………………………..8
3.2 PULP TRANSERING SYSTEM………………………………………..8
3.3 CALENDARING SYSTEM………………………………………….....8
3.4 DRIVING SYSTEM………………………………………………….....8
CHAPTER 4…………………………………………………………………9
WORKING PRINCIPLE……………………………………………………9
4.1 PREPARATION OF PULP SLURRY…………………………………..9
4.2 FROM PULP TO PAPER…………………………………………….....9
4.3 FELT CONVEYOR……………………………………………………10
4.4 DRIVING SYSTEM…………………………………………………...10
CHAPTER 5………………………………………………………………..11
CALCULATION…………………………………………………………..11
5.1 DESIGN OF GEAR BOX……………………………………………...11
5.2 DESIGN OF WORM GEAR…………………………………………..11
5.2.1 SELECTING NO. OF TEETH……………………………………….11
5.2.2 SELECTING LEAD ANGLE Λ AND PRESSURE ANGLE……….11
5.2.3 DETERMINING PITCH DIAMETER AND PITCH LINE
VELOCITY OF WORM GEAR…………………………………………...12
3
5.2.4 DETERMINING THE DESIGN POWER AND THE

TANGENTIAL LOAD…………………………………………………….12
5.2.5 BEAM STRENGTH FB (BY LEWIS EQUATION)………………...12
5.2.6 SELECTING STANDARD MODULE……………………………...13
5.2.7 CALCULATING DG, VP, FT,CV……………………………………..13
5.2.8 PITCH DIAMETER OF WORM (DW), MM………………………...14
5.2.9 CALCULATING THE DYNAMIC LOAD ON GEAR FD.................15
5.2.10 CALCULATING THE LIMITING WEAR STRENGTH………….15
5.2.11 CALCULATE FACE LENGTH……………………………………15
5.3 DESIGN OF PEDESTAL BEARING…………………………………15
5.3.1 DYNAMIC LOAD CAPACITIES…………………………………...15
5.3.2 SELECTION OF BEARINGS……………………………………….16
CHAPTER 6………………………………………………………………..17
DESIGN OF MACHINE…………………………………………………..17
6.1 LAYOUT………………………………………………………………17
6.2 SOLID AND CAD WORK MODEL…………………………………..18
6.2.1 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF SIEVE DRUM…………………………….18
6.2.2 VIEWS OF PICKUP ROLLER……………………………………...18
6.2.3 VIEWS OF CALNDER ROLLER…………………………………...19
6.2.4 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF FRAME……………………………………19
CHAPTER 7………………………………………………………………..20
ADVANTAGE……………………………………………………………..20
CHAPTER 8………………………………………………………………..21
FUTURE WORKS………………………………………………………....21
CONCLISION……………………………………………………………...22
REFERENCE………………………………………………………………2
4
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 layout of machine drawn in Auto CAD 2013 18
Figure 2 isometric view of Sieve drum in SOLID WORKS Model 19
Figure 3 views of pickup roller in SOLID WORKS and AUTO CAD 2013 19
Figure 4 views of Calender roller in SOLID WORKS and AUTO CAD 2013 20
Figure 5 view of main frame in SOLID WORKS 2013 20
5
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. The primary raw
material for the paper production is pulps fibres obtaining by a complicated chemical
process from natural materials, mainly from wood. This fibres production is very energy
demanding and at the manufacturing process there are used many of the chemical matters
which are very problematic from view point of the environment protection. The paper
recycling, simplified, means the repeated defibering, grinding and drying, when there are
altered the mechanical properties of the secondary stock, the chemical properties of fibres,
the polymerisation degree of pulp polysaccharide components, mainly of cellulose, their
supramolecular structure, the morphological structure of fibres, range and level of
interfibres bonds. Paper recycling saves the natural wood raw stock, decreases the
operation and capital costs to paper unit, decrease water consumption and last but not least
this paper processing gives rise to the environment preservation. A key issue in paper
recycling is the impact of energy use in manufacturing.
6
CHAPTER 2
NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE
The paper manufacturing industry faces major problem of unavailability of raw material.
The primary raw material being wood is of great environmental concern. So industries have
focused on using waste paper as raw material. In paper recycling process we utilise used
paper instead of wood for fibre. Shredded paper is used for making pulp in recycling
process.
Designing small-scaled paper recycling plant, which can be used in schools and colleges,
ensures that a cheap and non-complex method of production of paper product is guaranteed
7
CHAPTER 3
COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION
The manually operated paper recycling machine unit broadly consists of the following four
systems
1) PULP FEEDING SYSTEM

2) PULP TRANSFERRING SYSTEM
3) CALENDARING SYSTEM
4) DRIVING MECHANISM
3.1 PULP FEEDING SYSTEM

It consists of the sieve drum, drum case and the pickup roller. Its function is the preparation
of pulp slurry and feeding it.
3.2 PULP TRANSFERRING SYSTEM

It consists of the nylon felt conveyor and the set of idlers. It function is to transfer the slurry
to the calendaring system.
3.3 CALENDARING SYSTEM

It consists of two calendar rollers. Here the pulp gets calendared to paper and then the paper
is removed out.
3.4 DRIVING MECHANISM

It consists of an electric motor, a gear box and a pulley-belt drive.
8
CHAPTER 4
WORKING PRINCIPLE
4.1 PREPARATION OF PULP SLURRY
The raw material for the paper recycling plant unit is paper pulp slurry. It is a mixture of
approx. 50% pulp and 50% water.
Generally, for big paper recycling plants, the source of raw material is the waste paper pulp
from paper industry. But, as the machine unit fabricated under this project is of small scale
and is meant for reusing and recycling the waste papers generated in a school or college,
pulp slurry can be prepared locally. Additives can also be added to slurry to obtain certain
desired properties of the paper
4.2 FROM PULP TO PAPPER
After the preparation of slurry, it is transferred into the sieve drum case. The drum case
consists of a sieve drum. The function of the sieve drum is to transfer the pulp onto the
conveyor belt.
Working of sieve drum - Sieve drum is a hollow cylindrical drum whose entire lateral
surface is covered with a sieve-like mesh. It
has rectangular slots cut onto its lateral surface to allow flowing of water through it. This
drum is fitted inside the drum case
The sieve drum keeps rolling in the drum case continuously at very small speed. The pulp
slurry is fed to the small V-shaped collecting chamber which is a part of the drum case. As
the drum is continuously rolling against the press roller (pickup roller), the pulp gets stuck
on the conveyor belt which is passes between the two drums. The pickup roller is rubber
coated to increase friction on its surface so as avoid slippage of the belt.
9
4.3 FELT CONVEYOR
The felt conveyor assists the flow of pulp. It is made up of nylon. The conveyor carries the
pulp to a set of calendar rollers which comprises of two rollers - one of diameter bigger
than the other. The belt passes between the two rollers and the paper gets stuck on the roller
which is rolling.
4.4 DRIVING SYSTEM
The smaller roller is the driven roller i.e. the electric motor shaft is connected to this roller
shaft. This roller drives the other rollers, the idlers and the sieve-drum. This roller is rubber
coated.
Pair of arms carrying the pickup roller. These pivots enable the arms to make small angular
motion about the joint. This flexibility is necessary as these arms have springs hooked to
them.
10
CHAPTER 5
CALCULATIONS
5.1 Design of Gear Box
The gear box has to make a speed reduction of 24:1. This reduction is made by:
Worm and worm-gear drive (reduction of 24:1)
5.2 Design of worm gear drive
We have, power to be transmitted PR = 0.746 KW. The transmission ratio is 24:1. It is

assumed that the gear is made of phosphor bronze.
5.2.1. Selecting no. of teeth

tw = 2 for velocity ratio between 12-36
Number of teeth on gear, tg= VR x tw
Where, VR is the velocity ratio and is 24
Therefore, tg = 24 x 2 = 48
5.2.2. Selecting lead angle λ and pressure angle φn

Lead angle, λ = tan-1 3√(Ng/ Nw) = tan-1 3√(1/24) =19.1o
Therefore, assuming λ = 20o and
Pressure angle, φn = 22.5o (normally used)
11
5.2. 3. Determining pitch diameter and pitch line velocity of worm gear.
Pitch diameter Dp = mtg = 48m

Where, m is the module and tg is the teeth of gear
πDpNg
Pitch line velocity = 𝑥 =
1000⨯60
𝑁𝑤 900
Where, Ng is the speed of gear = 24
= = 37.5 rpm
24
3.14⨯48𝑚⨯37.5
Therefore, Vp = = 0.094m /sec
1000⨯60
5.2. 4. Determining the design power and the tangential load Ft,
Design power Pd = Pr⨯K1
Where, K1 is the wear factor
Pd = 0.746⨯1.75 = 1.3055 Kw
𝑃𝑑 1.3055⨯103 13.89⨯103
Tangential tooth load Ft = = = N
𝑉𝑝 0.094𝑚 𝑚
5.2.5: Beam Strength FB (by Lewis Equation)

To understand beam strength we have to find the allowable bending force
From Lewis equation
Allowable bending force, FB = SoCvbym
Where, So is the Allowable stress 84MPa (for phosphor bronze)
Cv is the velocity factor = 0.75(trial value)
b is the face width = 2.38 Pc = 2.38𝛑m = 7.48m
12
y is the Lewis factor = 0.435
m is the module
Therefore, FB = 84⨯0.75⨯7.48m⨯0.435m = 205 m2

Maximum worm lead angle and worm gear Lewis form factor for various pressure
angles
Pressure Angle
Maximum Lead Lewis form factor Modified Lewis
𝝫
Angle 𝝺(Degrees) y Form factor
(Degrees)
14.5 15 0.100 0.314
20 25 0.125 0.393
25 35 0.150 0.473
30 45 0.175 0.550
5.2. 6: Selecting standard module
Equating FB to Ft
13.89⨯103
we get, 205m2 = 𝑚
m = 4.07mm
selecting standard module m=5
5.2. 7: Calculating Dg, Vp, Ft ,Cv
Dg = mtg
= 5×48
= 240mm
B = 2.38π×5 + 6.25
= 43.63mm
Vp = 0.094m
= 0.094×5
13
= 0.47m/sec.
13.89⨯103
Ft =
5
= 2.778×103 N
6
Cv = 6+𝑉𝑝
6
= 6+0.47
= 0.93
Since Cv calculated is more than Cv assumed hence design is OK
FB = 84×0.93×7.48×0.435×52
= 6.35×103 N
Since FB is greater than Ft hence design is OK.
5.2. 8. Pitch diameter of worm (Dw), mm

Pitch diameter,
Dw = 2.4×π ×5 + 27.5
= 65.2mm
𝑐 0.875
Also, Dw < 1.132
2250.875
= 1.132
= 101mm
𝑐 0.875
Dw > 2
2250.875
= 2
= 57mm
Since Dw = 65.2mm fits to the range 101>Dw>57mm hence taking
Dw = 65.2mm
14
5.2. 9. Calculating the dynamic load on gear Fd,

𝐹𝑡
Fd = 𝐶𝑣
2.778⨯103
= 0.93
= 2987N
5.2. 10. Calculating the limiting wear strength Fw

Fw = Dg ×b×K2
= 240×43.67×0.70
= 7336.56 N
Since, Fw >Fd hence design is safe.
5.2. 11. Calculate face length
Lw = (4.5 + 0.02 tw) Pc
= (4.5 + 0.02×2) π × 5
= 71 mm
Dimensions of worm and gear are:
Dw = 65.2mm Dg = 240mm
Lw = 71mm b = 43.67mm
tg = 2 m=5
5.3 Design of Pedestal Bearing:

5.3.1: Dynamic Load Capacities
We have,
P1 = Fr1
= 318.12N
P2 = Fr2
= 6619N
15
60Nl10h
Also, L10 = 106
60(44)(8000)
= 106
= 21.12 million rev.

Where L10 is Life of bearing
Considering the load factor, we get
C1 = P1 (L10)1/3 (load factor)
= (318.12) (21.12)1/3(2.5)
= 2198.34N
C2 = P2 (L10)1/3 (load factor)
= (6619) (21.12)1/3(2.5) =45740N
5.3. 2: Selection of bearings:

Bearings nos. 61805 and 6405 are suitable at B1 and B2 respectively.
Felt Conveyor:
· The felt is made up of nylon net – 40 mesh
· Approx. length - 3.9m – 4m
· Width – 8.27 in
Details of the driving System:
Electric Motor and the integrated Gear Box
· Motor – 1 HP, A.C.,
3-phase, 900 rpm
· Gear-box – 42:1 speed reduction, attached to motor
Belt and pulleys
· Speed increment ratio – 1:2
· Belt – ‘V’ shaped, Leather, B-type, 46 cm long
· Small pulley – attached to roller, diameter = 3”
· Big pulley – attached to motor, diameter = 6”
16
CHAPTER 6
DESIGN OF MACHINE
1. Here we are introducing the design of parts of paper recycling machine made in
AutoCAD 2013-English and Solid Works 2013⨯ English
2. The electric drives the machine and its shaft is connected to this roller shaft.
6.1 LAYOUT
SIEVE DRUM
PICKUP ROLLER
IDLERS FELT CONVEYOR
CALENDAR ROLLER
DRUM CASE
POWER DRIVEN ROLLER
PULP INLET WATEROUTLET
Figure 6.1 layout of machine drawn in Auto CAD 2013
17
6.2 SOLID AND CAD WORK MODEL

6.2.1 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF SIEVE DRUM
Figure 6.2.1 isometric view of Sieve drum in SOLID WORKS Model

6.2.2 VIEWS OF PICKUP ROLLER
Figure 6.2.2 views of pickup roller in SOLID WORKS and AUTO CAD 2013
18
6.2.3 VIEWS OF CALNDER ROLLER
Figure6.2.3 views of Calender roller in SOLID WORKS and AUTO CAD 2013
6.2.4 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF FRAME
Figure 6.2.5 view of main frame in SOLID WORKS 2013
19
CHAPTER 7
ADVANTAGE
1. Raw material used by this machine is used papers. So availability of raw

material is plenty.
2. Chemicals used for paper production is lower. So the machine does not make
any harm to the environment.
3. Prevent deforestation up to a limit by using used paper.
4. Mainly designed for schools and colleges.
5. Easy and convenient use.
6. Low production cost and maintenance cost
20
CHAPTER 8
FUTURE WORKS
1. Try to get patent

2. Development of a larger vehicle
3. Improvising the model for better fuel efficiency.
21
CONCLISION
Recycling of waste paper is beneficial not only from economic point of view but also for
the protection of environment. It promotes conservation of one of our very important
natural resource -trees. Considering this, a small scale manually-operated paper recycling
machine has been designed which can recycle waste paper for various productive
purposes. The fabricated machine can serve dual purposes, it can be manned permanently
at a stationary position or it could be shifted from one place to another as the case may
be.The very low cost of running the machine, make it quite economically viable. The
simplicity of operation of this machine ensures that no too much technical skill is needed
to operate it.
22
REFERENCE
1.Machine design by RS KURUMI,JK GUPTHA.

2.Design data published by KALAIKATHIR ACHCHAGAM,Coimbatore.
3.Machine design by S.MD.JALALUDEEN.
4.Discussion Paper on Collection and Recycling of paper in India [6] Recycling Machine
by M. A. OLUTOYE
5. International journal on recent and innovation trends in computating and
communication volume: 3 issue : 2
6.Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology Volume 2, edited by Monica Ek,
GranGellerstedt, Gunnar Henriksson, De Gruyter Publications
7.Akshya Paper Recycling Mill located at Karanja (LAD), Maharashtra.
8.Kenneth W.B., Handbook on Pulp and Paper Technology, Second Edition, Van Nostrand
Reinhold Co., New York, 1970
9.Carlson W. E. C., Recycle Process Inc. USA, PCT/US 91/03084, May 6, 1991.
23

Acknowledgement: Dr. V. K. JANARDHANAN, For The Facilities Rendered For The Progress of Our Project

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Acknowledgement: Dr. V. K. JANARDHANAN, For The Facilities Rendered For The Progress of Our Project

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Mini project 2017 Portable Paper Recycling Machine

We express my sincere gratitude to Head of Department for giving us the platform to

We would like to express my sincere indebtedness to

In any big institution, especially educational institutions like schools or colleges,

5.2.4 DETERMINING THE DESIGN POWER AND THE

Figure 1 layout of machine drawn in Auto CAD 2013 18

Figure 2 isometric view of Sieve drum in SOLID WORKS Model 19

Figure 5 view of main frame in SOLID WORKS 2013 20

NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE

COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION

1) PULP FEEDING SYSTEM

3.1 PULP FEEDING SYSTEM

3.2 PULP TRANSFERRING SYSTEM

3.3 CALENDARING SYSTEM

3.4 DRIVING MECHANISM

4.1 PREPARATION OF PULP SLURRY

4.2 FROM PULP TO PAPPER

4.3 FELT CONVEYOR

4.4 DRIVING SYSTEM

5.1 Design of Gear Box

5.2 Design of worm gear drive

We have, power to be transmitted PR = 0.746 KW. The transmission ratio is 24:1. It is

5.2.1. Selecting no. of teeth

5.2.2. Selecting lead angle λ and pressure angle φn

Pitch diameter Dp = mtg = 48m

5.2.5: Beam Strength FB (by Lewis Equation)

From Lewis equation

Allowable bending force, FB = SoCvbym

Where, So is the Allowable stress 84MPa (for phosphor bronze)

Cv is the velocity factor = 0.75(trial value)

b is the face width = 2.38 Pc = 2.38𝛑m = 7.48m

y is the Lewis factor = 0.435

Therefore, FB = 84⨯0.75⨯7.48m⨯0.435m = 205 m2

14.5 15 0.100 0.314

5.2. 6: Selecting standard module

5.2. 8. Pitch diameter of worm (Dw), mm

Since Dw = 65.2mm fits to the range 101>Dw>57mm hence taking

5.2. 9. Calculating the dynamic load on gear Fd,

5.2. 10. Calculating the limiting wear strength Fw

5.3 Design of Pedestal Bearing:

= 21.12 million rev.

5.3. 2: Selection of bearings:

POWER DRIVEN ROLLER

PULP INLET WATEROUTLET

Figure 6.1 layout of machine drawn in Auto CAD 2013

6.2 SOLID AND CAD WORK MODEL

Figure 6.2.1 isometric view of Sieve drum in SOLID WORKS Model

6.2.3 VIEWS OF CALNDER ROLLER

6.2.4 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF FRAME

Figure 6.2.5 view of main frame in SOLID WORKS 2013

1. Raw material used by this machine is used papers. So availability of raw

1. Try to get patent

1.Machine design by RS KURUMI,JK GUPTHA.

Potrebbero piacerti anche