Abstract

The worse condition of Rawa Pening Lake caused it to be one of the 15 priority la
kes that need to be saved. It's characterized by the decrease of water quality, sedi
mentation and decrease of water discharge. Decrease in water quality occurs due t
o aquaculture and agricultural activities. These activities have increased the conte
nt of organic matter so that it can spur the enrichment of waters or commonly call
ed eutrophication. This study aims to identify patterns of fertilizer use characterist
ics by farmers and to analyze distribution patterns of nitrogen and phosphor loadin
g rate based on fertilizer use by farmers in paddy fields in Banyubiru and Ngrapah
villages, Semarang district. This research was conducted by interview method by
using questionnaire. Samples were obtained from Slovin method and approach by
grid method with size 300 m x 300 m on scale map 1: 5,000 to get representative
number and sample point. Loading rate is obtained by the formula C = DT x Sf th
en mapping analysis using the QGIS application. The results of this study indicate
the type of fertilizer used ie, urea fertilizer, TSP fertilizer, ponska fertilizer / NPK
and KCL. Urea fertilizer and TSP is the most dominant fertilizer used with the hi
ghest total dose of urea fertilizer of 0.15 kg / m2.tahun and the highest total dose o
f TSP fertilizer is 0,065 kg / m2.tahun. Loading rate of nitrogen (N) with maximu
m value is found on the grid of C5 of 6,297.56 kg / year and the minimum value is
on the grid of G10 of 235.42 kg / year and the phosphor loading rate (P) with the
maximum value found on grid F9 of 988 , 95 kg / year and minimum nilali is pres
ent in B7, F11 and H8 at 0 kg / year. The classification rate of N loading rate in th
e low, medium and high category was 34%, 45%, and 21%, respectively; loading
rate P successively by 42%, 39% and 19%; and N + P element loading rate was 35
%, 44% and 21%, respectively.

1. The estimation and Mapping of Loading Rate of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (
P) Based on Pattern of Fertilizer Use by Farmers in Banyubiru and Ngrapah Villa
ge, Semarang District.
2. The Background of Research: The worse condition of Rawa Pening Lake cause
d it to be one of the 15 priority lakes that need to be saved. This is marked by the
decrease of water quality caused by aquaculture and agricultural activities. These
activities have increased the nutrient content of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) c
ontained in the content in the fertilizer, which then excessive amounts in water bo
dies so as to spur water enrichment or so-called eutrophication. - Eutrophication c
onditions in Rawa Pening Lake itself can be seen directly indicated by covering m
ost of the water surface of the lake by water hyacinth. The eutrophication problem
may cause dangerous algae bloom phenomenon, because N and P are elements th
at have an important role in the growth of algae, because there are several types of
algae that are toxic if the excess amount in a waters.
- The Eutrophication conditions in Rawa Pening Lake can be seen directly indicat
ed by covering most of the water surface of the lake by water hyacinth. The eutrop
hication problem may cause dangerous algae bloom phenomenon, because N and
P are elements that have an important role in the growth of algae, because there ar
e several types of algae that are toxic if the excess amount in a waters.

3. The Purpose of research - To identify pattern of characteristic of fertilizer use b

y farmer on rice field located in Banyubiru and Ngrapah Village, Semarang Distri
ct- Analyzing distribution pattern of nitrogen and phosphor loading rate based on t
he use of fertilizer in paddy field in Banyubiru and Ngrapah Village, Semarang Di
strict.

4. The Methods - the methods used in this study are determining the number of sa
mples using the Slovin formula
- Then determine the number and sample points on the map by using the grid appr
oach (as well as the basic mapping)
- Then, conduct interviews using questionnaires for the farmers to obtain data on t
he use of fertilizer, including land area, type of land, planting season, planting peri
od, type of fertilizer, fertilization method, dosage of fertilizer and etc.
- Process and calculate the dose of fertilizer used to determine the amount of loadi
ng rate of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P).
- Then, perform the normality test to know that the data obtained has been distribu
ted normally
- Classify how much loading rate will be received, including low, medium and hig
h.
- Mapping of rice fields based on the classification that has been obtained by usin
g QGIS application to see the pattern of its distribution.

5. The Research Location - The research location was conducted on rice field in B
anyubiru and Ngrapah villages, Banyubiru Subdistrict, Semarang DIstrict, Central
Java. Based on BPS Semarang District, Banyubiru and Ngrapah villages have a t
otal area of 977.75 acres with total land area of 355.86 acres.

6. The Results and Exposure

- Based on the results of data collection in the field, 26 respondents were obtained,
consisting of 5 women and 25 men. The respondent can fill as many as 23 grids o
n the map. The results show that 88% of respondents are cultivators of rice fields
or commonly known as laborers, while only 12% of respondents are landowners a
t the same time working on their own fields as shown in Figure 4.4 below.
- Based on the results of data collection is also known that the type of paddy field
is irrigated rice field. The source of water used is from mountain springs and river
s that are around the research location.
- Based on the results of the research can be known what kind of rice crops are pl
anted. The types of rice can be seen in Graph 4.1 below. From the graph it can be
seen that the most widely used rice is GH type rice, the next is IR 64 rice, then ric
e Sahera, then rice Pandan Wangi, 47, Sadani and Conde are in equal numbers
- In addition, it can be known during the planting period at the study site is twice a
year.
- The result of the research shows that the farmers of the respondent always use th
e fertilizer, then can know the type of fertilizer used and the determination of the t
ype of fertilizer by farmers. The following is a description of the type of fertilizer
used by farmers. (Figure 4.6). It can be seen that the dominant type of fertilizer us
ed by farmers is Urea, which is 46% and TSP is 38%. The type of fertilizer used i
n addition to urea and TSP is ponska or commonly known as NPK of 9%, organic
fertilizer by 5%, and KCL by 2%.
- Use of all types of fertilizer above is the determination and initiative of each far
mers on the grounds of fertilizer will fertilize the plant. As for before they have tri
ed (trial and error) types of fertilizers that exist and determine the choice of the ty
pe of fertilizer that has been mentioned above due to the match on the plants they
plant.
- The time of fertilization is varied, there is once fertilization in one planting time
because it feels enough in one fertilization only and there is also twice fertilization
in one planting time to be more fertile and bear big fruit like picture 4.12 below.
- Viewed from several graphs (4.4) can know the maximum value, minimum and
average value of loading rate of each type of fertilizer. In the urea fertilizer which
is the dominant type of fertilizer used in the research location, the maximum value
obtained on the grid C5 is 13,690.4 kg / year and the grid of G10 is 511,77 kg / y
ear for the minimum value and the average value is 6,050,18 kg /year.
- In the TSP fertilizer which is also the dominant type of fertilizer used in the rese
arch location, obtained the maximum and minimum value on the same grid with t
he maximum and minimum value of urea fertilizer, ie grid C5 of 5,932.28 kg / yea
r for maximum value and G10 511.77 kg / year for the minimum value and the av
erage value of 2,783.18 kg / year.
- In the fertilizer type Ponska / NPK obtained a maximum value of 4.407.08 kg / y
ear located on the grid F9, the minimum value of 793.55 kg / year located on the g
rid H8 and the average value of 2,153.37 kg / year.
- In organic fertilizer, the maximum value of 4,224.41 kg / year is in the grid of F5
, the minimum value is 3,965,09 kg / year shown on grid E8 and the average value
is 4,103,78 kg / year.
- In KCL fertilizer the maximum value of 949.12 kg / year is shown on the grid of
F12,0 kg / year for the minimum value because of the many respondents, only on
e person uses KCL type of fertilizer.
- Based on the table (4.2) it can be seen that the total loading rate of each type of f
ertilizer in Banyubiru and Ngrapah villages for urea, TSP, ponska / NPK, organic
and KCL fertilizers are 375,711.38; 158.641; 10,766.84; 12.311.33 and 949.12 kg
/ year.
- Based on some graphs (4.9) can know the maximum value, minimum and averag
e loading rate of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and N + P. First, on nitrogen it appe
ars that the maximum value of nitrogen loading is shown on the grid of C5 of 6,29
7.56 kg / year while the minimum value is 235.42 kg / year on the grid of G10 and
the average value is 2,858.78 kg / year.
- At phosphor loading rate (P) obtained the maximum value of phosphor loading r
ate of 988.95 kg / year shown on grid F9 while its minimum value is on grid B7, F
11 and H7 with 0 kg / year and its average value is 416 , 76 kg / year.
- At the loading rate N + P obtained the maximum value of nitrogen + phosphor l
oading rate of 7,237.23 kg / year shown on the grid C5, while the minimum value
is shown on the grid of G10 with the value of 316.48 kg / year and the average val
ue of 3,275 , 54 kg / year.
- Based on the table (4.3), the total N content of the existing elements in the villa
ges of Banyubiru and Ngrapah is 177.244.09 kg / year, the P element is 25,839.34
kg / year and the total N + P is 203,083.44 kg / year.
- Nitrogen classification: In the classification of nitrogen in the low category, ther
e are 21 grid results on the map whose value is shown on the classification with lo
w category, in the medium category there are 28 grids on the map and at the level
of the high as 13 grid on the map.
- Classification of Phosphorus: In the classification of phosphorus with low catego
ry obtained as much as 26 grids on the map whose value is in the classification wit
h low category, in the medium category there are as many as 24 grids on the map
and at the high level there are 12 grids on the map.
- Classification of N + P: In the classification of nitrogen + phosphorus in the low
category obtained 22 grid results on the map that the value is in the classification
with the low category, in the medium category there are 27 grids on the map and a
t the high level there are 13 grids on the map.
- Next, we can visualize the distribution pattern of nitrogen loading rate (N) and p
hosphor (P) and N + P based on fertilizer application by farmers using Quantum G
IS application. As seen in the following figure.
- Based on the picture (4.13) it can be seen that the classification of loading rate v
alues in the classification with the low category marked with yellow, medium mar
ked with orange and high marked with red and light blue color indicates that the a
rea is happening flooded (flooded) so no data is needed.
- Based on the results mentioned earlier, it can be concluded that there are many cl
assifications within the medium category.

7. The Conclusion
- The pattern of fertilizer use by farmers in paddy fields in Banyubiru and Ngrapa
h villages is based on planting period that occurs twice a year, land area and trial a
nd error by farmers themselves. The types of fertilizer used include subsidized ure
a fertilizer, SP-36 TSP fertilizer, ponska / NPK and KCL fertilizers under the trad
emark of Buffalo and organic fertilizer under the trademark Petroganik. Urea fertil
izer and TSP is the most dominant fertilizer used with the highest total dose of ure
a fertilizer of 0.15 kg / m2.a year and the highest total dose of TSP fertilizer is 0,0
65 kg / m2.a year.
- Nitrogen loading rate (N) with maximum value shown on grid C5 is 6,297,56 kg
/ year and the minimum value shown on grid G10 is 235,42 kg / year and phosph
or loading rate (P) with maximum value shown on grid F9 equal to 988 , 95 kg / y
ear and the minimum value is found on B7, F11 and H8 at 0 kg / year. The classifi
cation rate of N loading rate in the low, medium and high category was 34%, 45%
, and 21%, respectively; loading rate P successively by 42%, 39% and 19%; and
N + P element loading rate was 35%, 44% and 21%, respectively.
The value indicates the number of classifications in the medium category.