BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts

Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan Batangas City
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Tel. No. (043) 425-0139 loc. 118

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION, INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL,

AND MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ChE 436
Unit Operations

FILTRATION

Gabia, Renguel

Hernandez, Renz Joseph

Manalo, Irvin Nazmell

ICE-4202

Engr. Nico John R. Abratique

ChE 436 – Instructor

March 2019
 FILTRATION
FILTRATION

-The action or process of filtering something.

TYPES OF FILTRATION

 Vacuum Filtration

-Vacuum filtration is a fast filtration technique used to separate solids from liquids.

 Centrifugal Filtration

-The removal of a liquid from a slurry by introducing the slurry into a rapidly rotating
basket, where the solids are retained on a porous screen and the liquid is forced out of
the cake by the centrifugal action.

 Gravity Filtration

-Generally used in filtration. Liquid that has passed through the filter paper will be
retained, while the solid on the filter paper will be discarded.

 Cold Filtration

-The process where the ice bath is used to cool down the temperature of the solution
before undergoing the filtration process.

 Hot Filtration

-Is used to separate insoluble impurities from a hot solution.

 Multilayer Filtration

-This can refer to multiple layers of different material, including sand, gravel, or
charcoal, where the different layers contain different particle sizes of that material.

Materials Used for Water Filtration

 Carbon

-It helps purify water in a water filter by trapping contaminants

 Ceramic

-Used to filter drinking water in order to removes turbidity, suspended materials and
pathogens.

 Sand

- Is a purely physical drinking water purification method. Sand filters provide rapid and
efficient removal of relatively large suspended particles.

 Diatomaceous Earth

-It is also used to filter water, particularly in the drinking water treatment process and
in fish tanks, and other liquids like beer and others.
APPLICATION OF FILTRATION

How Does Filtration Works?

Two Types of Filtration

• Physical filtration

- Straining water to remove larger impurities.

• Chemical filtration

- Involves passing water through an active material that removes impurities chemically
as they pass through.

Process of Filtration

Terms used in Filtration

 Mechanism of Filtration

TYPES OF FILTRTION
• 1- Cake filtration Where the proportion of solids in suspension is large and most of the
particles are collected in the filter cake which can subsequently be detached from the
medium . Unit OperatiOn Lecturer . Shymaa Ali Hameed 2013-2014
• 2- Deep bed filtration Where the proportion of solids is very small , as for example in air
or water filtration , the particles will often be considerably smaller than the pores of the
filter medium and will penetrate a considerable depth be for being captured .

Theory of Filtration
-Because the particles forming the cake are small and the flow through bed is slow , streamline
conditions are almost in variably obtained , and therefore at any instant may be represented as

Where
V : is the volume of filtrate which has passed in time t (m3 ) .
A : is the total cross-sectional area of the filter cake(m 2 ) . U : is the superficial velocity of the
filtrate (m/s) . L : is the cake thickness (m)
S : is the specific surface of the particles (m-1 )
e : is the voidage .
μ : is the viscosity of the filtrate (kg/m.s)
∆ܲ :is the applied pressure difference (N/m2 ) .
Poiseullie’s Equation

Darcy’s Equation

Sample problem
The following relation between specific resistance and pressure drop has been determined:

This relation is valid over a

pressure range of 0-1000 lbf/sq.in . A slurry of this material yielding 3lb of cake solid
per cubic filtrate is to be filtered at a constant pressure drop of 70 lbf/sq.in and
70degrees Fahrenheit . The resistance of filter medium Rm=1.2x10^10 per ft.
Determine square feet of the filter surface area required to give 1400 gal of filtrate in a
1-hr-filtration?
Solution:

REFERENCE:

https://www.mrwa.com/WaterWorksMnl/

https://biologydictionary.net/filtration/

https://www.livestrong.com/article/165592-natural-materials-used-for-water-filtration/

http://ceng.tu.edu.iq/ched/images/lectures/chem-lec