IPE Project 1 Merged PDF

Bicol University
College of Engineering
Legazpi City
Mechanical Engineering Department
A.Y. 2015-2016
DESIGN, INSTALLATION, OPERATION

AND MAINTENANCE OF FIRE
SPRINKLER SYSTEM
Submitted by:
Deniel Ross P. Daep
Jose Dindo T. Diesta
Ronald John N. Dometita
Mel-john M. Montiveros
Ian A. Quiñones
Jonett Jan R. Resontoc
Jeffrey D. Villanueva
BSME 5-A
Submitted to:
Engr. Agerico U. Llovido, PME
Professor
January 12, 2016

Table of Content
1. Introductory Statement…………………………………………………………………. 1
2. Objectives of the Engineering Report……………………………………………….. 1
3. Importance of the Engineering Report ……………………………………………... 2
4. Limitation of the Engineering Report…………………………………………………. 2
5. Engineering Design Proper …………………………………………………………….. 3
5.1 Design Definitions …………………………………………………………….... 3
5.2 Types of Sprinkler Systems …………………………………………………..... 5
5.3 Definition of System Components ..………………………………………… 6
5.4 Types of Sprinkler ……………………………………………………………….. 7
5.5 Classification of Occupants …………………………………………………. 9
5.5.1 Light Hazard Occupancies …………………………………….…. 9
5.5.2 Ordinary Hazard Occupancies ………………………………..… 9
5.5.3 Extra Hazard Occupancies ……………………………………... 10
5.6 Sprinkler …………………………………………………………...………….… 12
5.6.1 Sprinkler Discharge Characteristics ..……………………….….. 12
5.6.2 Temperature Characteristics ……………………………………. 12
5.7 Design Requirements .……………………………………………………...... 13
5.8 Design Methodology ………………………………………………………… 13
5.9 Building Fire Hazard Classification ……………........................................ 13
5.10 Water Demand Requirement – Hydraulic Calculation Methods ….. 15
5.10.1 Hose Stream Demand ……………………………………………15
5.10.2 Density/Area Curves …………………………………………..….15
5.10.3 Systems with Multiple Hazard Classifications ……………..... 16
5.10.4 Restrictions ……………………………………………………….... 17
5.11 Hydraulic Calculation Procedures ……………………………………… 17
5.11.1 General ………………………….…………………………..…….. 17
5.11.2 Friction Loss Formula ….…………………………………………. 17
5.11.3 Hydraulic Junction Points …………………………………….….19
5.11.4 Equivalent Pipe Lengths of Valves and Fittings ………..…….19
5.11.5 C-Factor …………...………………………………………...…….. 20
5.11.6 Room Design Method …………………………………………… 20
5.11.7 Maximum Protection Area of Coverage ……………………. 20
5.11.8 Minimum Operating Pressure ………………………………...... 21
5.11.9 Pipe Schedule ……………………………………………………. 21
5.11.10 Hydraulic Design Calculation ………………………………… 23
5.12 Water Tank Sizing …………………………………………………………..... 41
5.13 Fire Pump and Fuel Tank Selection ………………………………………. 41
6. Specification ………………………………………………………………………….….. 43
6.1 Fire Pump ……………………………………………………………………….. 43
6.2 Sprinkler and Accessories ……………………………………………………. 45
7. Installation of Fire Sprinkler System ………………………………………………….... 46
8. Operation of Fire Sprinkler System ……………………………………………………. 48
9. Maintenance and Testing of Fire Sprinkler System ………………………………... 49
10. Engineering Economics – Analysis .……………………………………………….…. 57
10.1 Cost Estimates ………………………………….…………….……………..… 57
11. Evaluation, Observation, Conclusion and Recommendations ………………. 57
12. Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………….……. 59
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A – FIRE PUMPS MODEL BROCHURE
APPENDIX B – SPRINKLER MODEL BROCHURE
APPENDIX C – SPRINKLER SYSTEM PIPING LAYOUT
APPENDIX D – DESIGN CALCULATION
1. INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a

water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water
distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected. Although
historically only used in factories and large commercial buildings, home and
small building systems are now available at a cost-effective price.
Major A Stewart Harrison of the First Engineer Volunteers of London

invented the first sprinkler in 1864. However it was until 1874 when Henry S
Parmelee of Connecticut of USA produced the first widely used automatic
sprinkler with heat sensitive device, that sprinklers became widely used for fire
protection. Throughout this 135 years, many rules, codes, regulations and
standards have been produced for automatic sprinkler installations, firstly started
by the fire insurance associations and later by national authorities.
The fire insurance company offers an annual premium reduction to the

building owner for a properly installed with an automatic sprinkler system. This
premium reduction could be as high as 45%, provided that other fire safety
features such as compartmentation, portable fire extinguishing equipment etc.
as required by the insurance company, are also installed. This annual premium
reduction, together with the much less anticipated loss in case of fire, help
encourage the building owner to spend an initial amount of money to install
sprinkler systems. A sprinkler system is usually about 1% to 1.5% of the total
building cost, or 3% to 5% of the total electrical and mechanical services
installation cost.
Over the years, fire sprinklers have become mandatory safety equipment
in certain occupancies, including, but not limited to newly constructed hospitals,
schools, hotels and other public buildings, subject to the local building codes
and enforcement. However, outside of the US and Canada, sprinklers are rarely
mandated by building codes for normal hazard occupancies which do not have
large numbers of occupants (e.g. factories, process lines, retail outlets, petrol
stations etc).
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE ENGINEERING REPORT
The intention of this engineering report is to aid my fellow mechanical engineers

recommend approach on the design, installation, operation and maintenance
of fire sprinkler system for a hotel.
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3. IMPORTANCE OF THE ENGINEERING REPORT
The report will explain procedures in designing the fire sprinkler pipe sizing
and pump size based on NFPA 13 design criteria.
Hotel and motel fire sprinkler system installations open up options to

designers not always available for other type of occupancies. They are also
capable of providing additional challenges not seen in typical office buildings,
warehouses and mercantile occupancies. If you can take advantage of the
additional design options while keeping the cost of tackling the unique
challenges to a minimum, most of the basics remain the same as for any other
fire protection system design.
Sprinkler systems for all hotels and motels can be designed under NFPA 13,
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. All hotels and motels up to four
stories in height can be designed per NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of
Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in
Height.
4. LIMITATION OF THE ENGINEERING REPORT
The sprinkler systems are designed to deal mainly with solid-fuel fires, but
can serve also to hold a flammable-liquid fire in check and to extinguish some oil
fires (e.g. transformer oil fires) by deluge sprinklers, by purely using water. With
suitable foam concentrate added to the water, its fire-fighting capability on oil
fires can be greatly enhanced.
Each system is designed for its particular function, and its features may
vary widely according to the purpose. In general, a system will consist of the
following items:
1. A water storage capacity or adequate running supply, to feed the

system.
2. An adequate method of pumping water from the supply to the system.
3. Distribution pipework capable of conveying all the water required to feed
losses.
4. A sprinkler installation valve connected to a hydraulic motor alarm gong
to give an audible mechanical water motor alarm when the valve opens
to allow water to flow to the sprinklers discharging water.
5. A series of distributor heads (i.e. sprinklers - close / open type; open jet
nozzles) capable of passing the design flow rates of water and distributing
the water as a spray, over the area to be protected.
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6. A detector, or detector system, capable of actuating the fire-fighting /
protection system. The detector can be the sprinkler itself or other
detection device / system.
7. Other features include flow detectors, pressure switches for starting
pumps, and control / signal monitoring alarm panels etc.
5. ENGINEERING DESIGN PROPER

5.1 GENERAL DEFINITIONS
Automatic Sprinkler. A fire suppression or control device that operates

automatically when its heat-activated element is heated to its thermal rating or
above, allowing water to discharge over a specified area.
Bathroom. Within a dwelling unit, any room or compartment containing a

lavatory dedicated to personal hygiene, or a water closet, or bathing capability
such as a shower or tub, or any combination of facilities thereof.
Ceiling Height. The distance between the floor and the underside of the ceiling
above (or roof deck) within the area.
Flat Ceiling. A continuous ceiling in a single plane.
Horizontal Ceiling. A ceiling with a slope not exceeding 2 in 12.
Sloped Ceiling. A ceiling with a slope exceeding 2 in 12.
Smooth Ceiling. A continuous ceiling free from significant irregularities, lumps, or

indentations.
Compartment. A space completely enclosed by walls and a ceiling. The

compartment enclosure is permitted to have openings to an adjoining space if
the openings have a minimum lintel depth of 8 in. (203 mm) from the ceiling.
Drop-Out Ceiling. A suspended ceiling system, which is installed below the

sprinklers, with listed translucent or opaque panels that are heat sensitive and fall
from their setting when exposed to heat.
Dwelling Unit. One or more rooms arranged for the use of one or more individuals
living together, as in a single housekeeping unit normally having cooking, living,
sanitary, and sleeping facilities. For purposes of this standard, dwelling unit
includes hotel rooms, dormitory rooms, apartments, condominiums, sleeping
rooms in nursing homes, and similar living units.
Fire Control. Limiting the size of a fire by distribution of water so as to decrease

the heat release rate and pre-wet adjacent combustibles, while controlling
ceiling gas temperatures to avoid structural damage.
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Fire Suppression. Sharply reducing the heat release rate of a fire and preventing
its regrowth by means of direct and sufficient application of water through the
fire plume to the burning fuel surface.
Hydraulically Designed System. A calculated sprinkler system in which pipe sizes

are selected on a pressure loss basis to provide a prescribed water density, in
gallons per minute per square foot (mm/min), or a prescribed minimum
discharge pressure or flow per sprinkler, distributed with a reasonable degree of
uniformity over a specified area.
Pipe Schedule System. A sprinkler system in which the pipe sizing is selected from
a schedule that is determined by the occupancy classification and in which a
given number of sprinklers are allowed to be supplied from specific sizes of pipe.
Small Rooms. A room of light hazard occupancy classification having

unobstructed construction and floor areas not exceeding 800 ft2 (74.3 m2) that
are enclosed by walls and a ceiling. Openings to the adjoining space are
permitted if the minimum lintel depth is 8 in. (203 mm) from the ceiling.
Sprinkler System. For fire protection purposes, an integrated system of

underground and overhead piping designed in accordance with fire protection
engineering standards. The installation includes one or more automatic water
supplies. The portion of the sprinkler system aboveground is a network of specially
sized or hydraulically designed piping installed in a building, structure, or area,
generally overhead, and to which sprinklers are attached in a systematic
pattern. The valve controlling each system riser is located in the system riser or its
supply piping. Each sprinkler system riser includes a device for actuating an
alarm when the system is in operation. The system is usually activated by heat
from a fire and discharges water over the fire area.
System Working Pressure. The maximum anticipated static (non-flowing) or

flowing pressure applied to sprinkler system components exclusive of surge
pressures.
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5.2 TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
Antifreeze Sprinkler System. A wet pipe sprinkler system employing

automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that contains an
antifreeze solution and that are connected to a water supply. The antifreeze
solution is discharged, followed by water, immediately upon operation of
sprinklers opened by heat from a fire.
Circulating Closed-Loop Sprinkler System. A wet pipe sprinkler system

having non–fire protection connections to automatic sprinkler systems in a
closed-loop piping arrangement for the purpose of utilizing sprinkler piping to
conduct water for heating or cooling, where water is not removed or used from
the system but only circulated through the piping system.
Combined Dry Pipe-Preaction Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system

employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing air under
pressure with a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the
sprinklers. Operation of the detection system actuates tripping devices that open
dry pipe valves simultaneously and without loss of air pressure in the system.
Operation of the detection system also opens listed air exhaust valves at the end
of the feed main, which usually precedes the opening of sprinklers. The
detection system also serves as an automatic fire alarm system.
Deluge Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers that

are attached to a piping system that is connected to a water supply through a
valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the
same areas as the sprinklers. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping
system and discharges from all sprinklers attached thereto.
Dry Pipe Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing automatic

sprinklers that are attached to a piping system containing air or nitrogen under
pressure, the release of which (as from the opening of a sprinkler) permits the
water pressure to open a valve known as a dry pipe valve, and the water then
flows into the piping system and out the opened sprinklers.
Gridded Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system in which parallel cross mains

are connected by multiple branch lines. An operating sprinkler will receive water
from both ends of its branch line while other branch lines help transfer water
between cross mains.
Looped Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system in which multiple cross mains

are tied together so as to provide more than one path for water to flow to an
operating sprinkler and branch lines are not tied together.
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Pre-action Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing automatic
sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that contains air that might or
might not be under pressure, with a supplemental detection system installed in
the same areas as the sprinklers.
Wet Pipe Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing automatic

sprinklers attached to a piping system containing water and connected to a
water supply so that water discharges immediately from sprinklers opened by
heat from a fire.
5.3. DEFINITION OF SYSTEM COMPONENT
Branch Lines. The pipes in which the sprinklers are placed, either directly or
through risers.
Cross Mains. The pipes supplying the branch lines, either directly or
through risers.
Feed Mains. The pipes supplying cross mains, either directly or through
risers.
Flexible Listed Pipe Coupling. A listed coupling or fitting that allows axial
displacement, rotation, and at least 1 degree of angular movement of the pipe
without inducing harm on the pipe. For pipe diameters of 8 in. (203.2 mm) and
larger, the angular movement shall be permitted to be less than 1 degree but
not less than 0.5 degree.
Risers. The vertical supply pipes in a sprinkler system.
Sprig-up. A line that rises vertically and supplies a single sprinkler.
Supervisory Device. A device arranged to supervise the operative

condition of automatic sprinkler systems.
System Riser. The aboveground horizontal or vertical pipe between the

water supply and the mains (cross or feed) that contains a control valve (either
directly or within its supply pipe) and a water flow alarm device.
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5.4. TYPES OF SPRINKLER
5.4.1. According to design and performance characteristics.
Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinkler. A type of fast-response

sprinkler that meets the criteria of 3.6.1(a)(1) and is listed for its capability to
provide fire suppression of specific high-challenge fire hazards.
Extended Coverage Sprinkler. A type of spray sprinkler with maximum

coverage areas as specified in Sections 8.8 and 8.9 NFPA 13.
Large Drop Sprinkler. A type of specific application control mode sprinkler

that is capable of producing characteristic large water droplets and that is listed
for its capability to provide fire control of specific high-challenge fire hazards.
Nozzles. A device for use in applications requiring special water discharge

patterns, directional spray, or other unusual discharge characteristics.
Old-Style/Conventional Sprinkler. A sprinkler that directs from 40 percent to

60 percent of the total water initially in a downward direction and that is
designed to be installed with the deflector either upright or pendent.
Open Sprinkler. A sprinkler that does not have actuators or heat-

responsive elements.
Quick-Response Early Suppression (QRES) Sprinkler. A type of quick

response sprinkler that meets the criteria of 3.6.1(a)(1) and is listed for its
capability to provide fire suppression of specific fire hazards.
Quick-Response Extended Coverage Sprinkler. A type of quick-response

sprinkler that meets the criteria of 3.6.1(a)(1) and complies with the extended
protection areas defined in Chapter 8, NFPA 13.
Quick-Response (QR) Sprinkler. A type of spray sprinkler that meets the

criteria of 3.6.1(a)(1) and is listed as a quick-response sprinkler for its intended
use.
Residential Sprinkler. A type of fast-response sprinkler that meets the

criteria of 3.6.1(a)(1) that has been specifically investigated for its ability to
enhance survivability in the room of fire origin and is listed for use in the
protection of dwelling units.
Special Sprinkler. A sprinkler that has been tested and listed as prescribed
in 8.4.9.
Specific Application Control Mode Sprinkler (for Storage Use). A type of

spray sprinkler listed at a minimum operating pressure with a specific number of
operating sprinklers for a given protection scheme.
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Spray Sprinkler. A type of sprinkler listed for its capability to provide fire
control for a wide range of fire hazards.
Standard Spray Sprinkler. A spray sprinkler with maximum coverage areas

as specified in Sections 8.6 and 8.7 of NFPA 13.
5.4.2. According to Orientation.
Concealed Sprinkler. A recessed sprinkler with cover plates.
Flush Sprinkler. A sprinkler in which all or part of the body, including the
shank thread, is mounted above the lower plane of the ceiling.
Pendent Sprinkler. A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that

the water stream is directed downward against the deflector.
Recessed Sprinkler. A sprinkler in which all or part of the body, other than
the shank thread, is mounted within a recessed housing.
Sidewall Sprinkler. A sprinkler having special deflectors that are designed

to discharge most of the water away from the nearby wall in a pattern
resembling one-quarter of a sphere, with a small portion of the discharge
directed at the wall behind the sprinkler.
Upright Sprinkler. A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that

the water spray is directed upwards against the deflector.
5.4.3. According to special application or environment.
Corrosion-Resistant Sprinkler. A sprinkler fabricated with corrosion-resistant

material, or with special coatings or platings, to be used in an atmosphere that
would normally corrode sprinklers.
Dry Sprinkler. A sprinkler secured in an extension nipple that has a seal at

the inlet end to prevent water from entering the nipple until the sprinkler
operates.
Intermediate Level Sprinkler/Rack Storage Sprinkler. A sprinkler equipped

with integral shields to protect its operating elements from the discharge of
sprinklers installed at higher elevations.
Ornamental/Decorative Sprinkler. A sprinkler that has been painted or

plated by the manufacturer.
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5.5. CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCIES
5.5.1. LIGHT HAZARD OCCUPANCIES.
Light hazard occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of

other occupancies where the quantity and/or combustibility of contents is low
and fires with relatively low rates of heat release are expected.
 Churches
 Clubs
 Eaves and overhangs, if of combustible construction with no combustibles
beneath
 Educational
 Hospitals
 Institutional
 Libraries, except large stack rooms
 Museums
 Nursing or convalescent homes
 Offices, including data processing
 Residential
 Restaurant seating areas
 Theaters and auditoriums, excluding stages and prosceniums
 Unused attics
5.5.2. ORDINARY HAZARD OCCUPANCIES.
Ordinary Hazard (Group 1). Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall

be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where
combustibility is low, quantity of combustibles is moderate, stockpiles of
combustibles do not exceed 8 ft (2.4 m), and fires with moderate rates of heat
release are expected.
 Automobile parking and showrooms

 Bakeries
 Beverage manufacturing
 Canneries
 Dairy products manufacturing and processing
 Electronic plants
 Glass and glass products manufacturing
 Laundries
 Restaurant service areas
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Ordinary Hazard (Group 2). Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall
be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity
and combustibility of contents are moderate to high, stockpiles do not exceed
12 ft (3.7 m), and fires with moderate to high rates of heat release are expected.
 Cereal mills
 Chemical plants — ordinary
 Confectionery products
 Distilleries
 Dry cleaners
 Feed mills
 Horse stables
 Leather goods manufacturing
 Libraries — large stack room areas
 Machine shops
 Metal working
 Mercantile
 Paper and pulp mills
 Paper process plants
 Piers and wharves
 Post offices
 Printing and publishing
 Repair garages
 Resin application area
 Stages
 Textile manufacturing
 Tire manufacturing
 Tobacco products manufacturing
 Wood machining
 Wood product assembly
5.5.3. EXTRA HAZARD OCCUPANCIES.
Extra Hazard (Group 1). Extra hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be

defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity
and combustibility of contents are very high and dust, lint, or other materials are
present, introducing the probability of rapidly developing fires with high rates of
heat release but with little or no combustible or flammable liquids.
 Resin application area

 Stages
 Textile manufacturing
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 Tire manufacturing
 Tobacco products manufacturing
 Wood machining
 Wood product assembly
 Extra Hazard (Group 2). Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be
defined
 as occupancies or portions of other occupancies with moderate to
substantial amounts of flammable or combustible liquids or occupancies
where shielding of combustibles is extensive.
 Asphalt saturating
 Flammable liquids spraying
 Flow coating
 Manufactured home or modular building assemblies (where finished
enclosure
is present and has combustible interiors)
 Open oil quenching
 Plastics processing
 Solvent cleaning
 Varnish and paint dipping
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5.6. SPRINKLERS
5.6.1. SPRINKLER DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS
5.6.2. TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS
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5.7. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
System requirements and pipe sizes shall be determined using hydraulic

calculations prepared in accordance with NFPA Standards 13 and 13 R.
NFPA 13 - Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems and NFPA 13R -
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
Total demand including hose streams to be calculated with 90% of the

available water supply pressure (i.e.; 10% of the pressure reserved as a safety
factor).
5.8. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
1. Determine the hazard classification.
2. Water Demand Requirements — Hydraulic Calculation Methods.
3. Water demand requirements
4. Pipe sizing / Schedule
5. Hydraulic Calculation
5.9. BUILDING FIRE HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
Bedrooms Light
Corridors Light
Bathrooms Light
Units Ordinary Group 1
Mechanical Rooms Ordinary Group 1
Electrical Rooms Ordinary Group 1
Utility Rooms Ordinary Group 2
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Hazard classification hierarchy
The requirements contained in NFPA 13 are keyed to the hazard

classification. Section 2-1 in the 1999 edition of NFPA 13 indicates there are three
basic hazard classifications used in the design of sprinkler systems. These three
hazard classifications are as follows:
• Light Hazard
• Ordinary Hazard
• Extra Hazard
This same section in NFPA 13 also indicates that the ordinary hazard
classification is divided into two sub-classifications an ordinary group 1 hazard
and an ordinary group 2 hazard. Similarly, the extra hazard classification is also
divided into two sub-classifications — an extra group1 hazard and an extra
group 2 hazard.
The definitions of each of the hazard classifications are also included in

section 2-1 in NFPA13, which defines hazard classification based upon a number
of occupancy characteristics.
These characteristics are as follows:
• The combustibility of contents.
• The quantity of combustibles.
• Rate of heat release.
• Storage height.
• Quantity of flammable and/or combustible liquids.
NFPA 13 defines a light hazard occupancy using the following description:
• Combustibility of the contents is low, and
• Quantity of the combustible is low, and
• Low rates of heat release.
The NFPA 13 definition an ordinary group 1 hazard is as follows:
• Combustibility of the contents is low, and
• Quantity of the combustibles is moderate, and
• Moderate heat release rates, and
• Height of storage is 8 feet or less.
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NFPA 13 defines an ordinary group 2 hazard as follows:
• Combustibility of the contents is moderate to high, and
• Quantity of the combustibles is moderate to high, and
• Moderate to high rates of heat release, and
• Storage height is 12 feet or less.
The NFPA 13 definition of an extra group 1 hazard is as follows:
• Combustibility of the contents is very high, and
• Quantity of the combustibles is very high, and
• High rates of heat release, and
• Quantity of flammable and/or combustible liquids small.
Finally, the NFPA 13 definition of an extra group 2 hazard is as follows:
• Quantity of flammable or combustible liquids is moderate to high, or
• Extensive shielding of the combustibles is present.
5.10. WATER DEMAND REQUIREMENTS — HYDRAULIC CALCULATION

METHODS
The minimum water supply requirements for a hydraulically designed

occupancy hazard fire control sprinkler system shall be determined by adding
the hose stream demand from Table 11.2.3.1.1 to the water supply for sprinklers
determined in 11.2.3.1.5.
5.10.1. HOSE STREAM DEMAND
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5.10.2. DENSITY/AREA CURVES
The water supply for sprinklers only shall be determined either from the
density/area curves of Figure 11.2.3.1.5 in accordance with the method of
11.2.3.2 or be based upon the room design method in accordance with 11.2.3.3,
at the discretion of the designer. NFPA 13 Standards.
5.10.3. SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
For systems with multiple hazard classifications, the hose stream demand
shall be in accordance with one of the following:
(1) Add the hose demand for the highest hazard classification within the system,
or
(2) Add the hose demand for each individual hazard classification to the
calculations for the design area for that hazard, or
(3) For systems with multiple hazard classifications where the higher classification
only lies within single rooms less than or equal to 400 ft2 in area with no such
rooms adjacent, add the hose demand for the principal occupancy for the
remainder of the system.
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5.10.4. RESTRICTIONS
Regardless of which of the two methods is used, the following restrictions shall
apply:
(1) For areas of sprinkler operation less than 1500 ft2 (139 m2) used for light and
ordinary hazard occupancies, the density for 1500 ft2 (139 m2) shall be used.
(2) For areas of sprinkler operation less than 2500 ft2 (232 m2) for extra hazard
occupancies, the density for 2500 ft2 (232 m2) shall be used.
5.11. HYDRAULIC CALCULATION PROCEDURES
5.11.1. GENERAL
A calculated system for a building, or a calculated addition to a system in

an existing sprinklered building, shall supersede the rules in this standard
governing pipe schedules, except that all systems shall continue to be limited by
area.
Pipe sizes shall be no less than 1 in. (25.4 mm) nominal for ferrous piping
and ¾ in. (19 mm) nominal for copper tubing or non-metallic piping listed for fire
sprinkler service.
The size of pipe, number of sprinklers per branch line, and number of
branch lines per cross main shall otherwise be limited only by the available water
supply.
However, sprinkler spacing and all other rules covered in this and other
applicable standards shall be observed.
5.11.2. FRICTION LOSS FORMULA
Pipe friction losses shall be determined on the basis of the Hazen-Williams

formula, as follows:
4.52𝑄1.85
𝑝 = 1.85 4.87
𝐶 𝑑
where:
p = frictional resistance in psi per foot of pipe
Q = flow in gpm
C = friction loss coefficient
17
d = actual internal diameter of pipe in inches
For SI units, the following equation shall be used:

1.85
𝑄𝑚
𝑝𝑤 = 6.05 ( 1.85 4.87 ) 107
𝐶 𝑑𝑚
where:
pm = frictional resistance in kPa per meter of pipe
Qm = flow in L/min
C = friction loss coefficient
dm = actual internal diameter in mm
Velocity Pressure Formula. Velocity pressure shall be determined on the

basis of the following formula:
0.001123𝑄2
𝑝𝑣 =
𝐷4
where:
Pv = velocity pressure in psi (SI: 1 psi = 0.0689 bar = 6.89 kPa)
Q = flow in gpm (SI : 1 gal = 3.785 L)
D = inside diameter in inches (SI: 1 in. = 25.4 mm)
Normal Pressure Formula. Normal pressure (Pn) shall be determined on the

basis of the following formula:
Pn = Pt - Pv
where:
Pn = normal pressure
Pt = total pressure in psi (bar)
Pv = velocity pressure in psi (bar)
18
5.11.3. HYDRAULIC JUNCTION POINTS
Pressures at hydraulic junction points shall balance within 0.5 psi (0.03 bar).
The highest pressure at the junction point, and the total flows as adjusted,
shall be carried into the calculations.
Pressure balancing shall be permitted through the use of a K-factor

developed for branch lines or portions of systems using 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝𝑄0.5.
5.11.4. EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGTHS OF VALVES AND FITTINGS
Table 14.4.3.1.1 (NFPA 13, 2002) shall be used to determine the equivalent
length of pipe for fittings and devices unless manufacturer's test data indicate
that other factors are appropriate.
Specific friction loss values or equivalent pipe lengths for alarm valves, dry
pipe valves, deluge valves, strainers, and other devices shall be made available
to the authority having jurisdiction.
19
5.11.5. C-FACTORS
Table 14.4.3.1.1 shall be used with a Hazen-Williams C factor of 120 only.

For other values of C, the values in Table 14.4.3.1.1 shall be multiplied by the
factors indicated in Table 14.4.3.2 (NFPA 13).
5.11.6. ROOM DESIGN METHOD
Where the design is based on the room design method, the calculation
shall be based on the room and communicating space, if any, that is
hydraulically the most demanding.
5.11.7. MAXIMUM PROTECTION AREA OF COVERAGE (LIGHT AND

ORDINARY HAZARD)
The maximum allowable protection area of coverage for a sprinkler (As)

shall be in accordance with the value indicated in Table 8.6.2.2.1(a) through
Table 8.6.2.2.1(d) NFPA 13, 2002.
20
21
5.11.8. MINIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE
Minimum operating pressure of any sprinkler shall be 7 psi (0.5 bar).
5.11.9. PIPE SCHEDULES
Schedule for Light Hazard Occupancies
22
Schedule for Ordinary Hazard Occupancies
Ordinary Hazard Pipe Schedule
5.11.10. HYDRAULIC DESIGN CALCULATION
5.11.10.1. DESIGN AREA
1. Design Area = 1600 square feet is less than 52 000 square feet, therefore,
one sprinkler system is enough.
23
2. Design Area with Sprinkler Lay-out
This is considered as a Residential type, use Light Hazard Classification.
Use maximum spacing of 15 feet.
Floor Lay-out of Sprinkler as located.
24
Floor lay-out of Sprinkler removing Lines.
Floor plan showing pipe run.
25
3. Initial Pipe Sizing (Using Pipe Schedule)
26
4. Most remote area.
No. of sprinkler = 1600 ft2 / 130 ft2 = 12.3, so use 13 minimum.
Most remote area (enclosed in red lines).
5. Noding or Number of Sections (enclosed in violet circles).
27
*Using Elite Fire Version 6.02.23 Software.
Start with General Project Data.
Enter/Edit pipe data.
28
Node 1-3
Beginning – 1
End – 3
Material – 4
Diameter = 25 mm = 1 in
Length (Layout) = 1 + 1.16 + 4.58 = 6.74 ft.
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
Sprinkler Elevation = 25 – 1 = 24 ft.
Sprinkler Elevation = 25 ft.
Standard Fitting = 2E
(The rest is zero as default)
Node 2-3
Beginning – 2
End – 3
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 5.5 ft.
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Standard Fitting = ET
Node 3-6
Beginning – 3
End – 6
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 1 + 1.16 + 4.58 = 6.74 ft.
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
Standard Fitting = T
Node 4-6
Beginning – 4
End – 6
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 1 + 5.9 = 6.9 ft.
29
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
Standard Fitting = E
Node 5-6
Beginning – 5
End – 6
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 1 + 1.59 = 2.59 ft.
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
Node 6-14
Beginning – 6
End – 14
Material – 4
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
30
Node 7-9
Beginning – 7
End – 9
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 1 + 5.95 + 0.69 = 7.64 ft.
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
Sprinkler Elevation = 25 - 1 = 24 ft.
Node 8-9
Beginning – 8
End – 9
Material – 4
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
31
Node 9-11
Beginning – 9
End – 11
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 5 ft.
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Node 10-11
Beginning – 10
End – 11
Material – 4
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
Node 11-13
Beginning – 11
End – 13
Material – 4
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Node 12-13
Beginning – 12
End – 13
Material – 4
32
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
Node 13-14
Beginning – 13
End – 14
Material – 4
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Standard Fitting =
33
Node 14-24
Beginning – 14
End – 24
Material – 4
Diameter = 50 mm = 2 in.
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Node 15-17
Beginning – 15
End – 17
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 1 + 0.68 + 7.5 = 9.18 ft.
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
Node 16-17
Beginning – 16
End – 17
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 1 + 0.68 = 1.68 ft.
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
Node 17-19
Beginning – 17
End – 19
Material – 4
34
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Node 18-19
Beginning – 18
End – 19
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 1 + 1.02 = 2.02 ft.
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
35
Node 19-23
Beginning – 19
End – 23
Material – 4
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Node 20-22
Beginning – 20
End – 22
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 1 + 0.68 + 7.5 = 9.18 ft.
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
Standard Fitting = 2ET
Node 21-22
Beginning – 21
End – 22
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 1 + 0.68 = 1.68 ft.
K-factor = 5.9
K-factor = 0.0
Node 22-23
Beginning – 22
End – 23
Material – 4
36
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Standard Fitting =
Node 23-24
Beginning – 23
End – 24
Material – 4
Length (Layout) = 1 ft.
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Standard Fitting =
Node 24-25
Beginning – 24
End – 25
Material – 4
Diameter = 65 mm = 2.5 in
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
37
Node 25-26
Beginning – 25
End – 26
Material – 4
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Node 26-27
Beginning – 26
End – 27
Material – 4
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
38
Node 27-28
Beginning – 27
End – 28
Material – 4
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Node 28-29
Beginning – 28
End – 29
Material – 4
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Node 29-30
Beginning – 29
End – 30
Material – 4
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
39
Node 30-31
Beginning – 30
End – 31
Material – 4
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Node 31-32
Beginning – 31
End – 32
Material – 4
K-factor = 0.0
K-factor = 0.0
Standard Fitting = 2ETG
40
6. Hydraulic Calculation Result
Calculated Inflow Residual Pressure = 73.56 psi

Calculated System Flow Rate = 784.689 gpm
No fire hose cabinet/ or fire hose.
At 0 psi Suction Pressure,
Design Developed Pressure = 73.56 / 0.9 = 81.73 psi

Design Flow Rate = 1000 gpm
5.12. WATER TANK SIZING

Duration: 30 minutes for Light Hazard
For 1000 gpm
Tank size = 1000 x 30 = 30000 gal
5.13. FIRE PUMP AND FUEL TANK SELECTION
https://rcwapp.xyleminc.com/fp_select.asp
Electric Pump
41
Jockey Pump Selection
Use 1% method in sizing Jockey Pump minimum.

Minimum = 1000 gpm x 0.01
= 10 gpm
Head = 105 x (144 / 62.4)
= 242. 3077 ft.
http://mthpumps.com/sizing.html
Then,
Water flow rate = 5.9 Gpm
Head = 242. 3077 ft.
Efficiency = 43.9 %
Bhp = 0.79 hp
Motor hp = 0.79 / 0.439
= 1.7995 hp, use 2 hp.
42
6. SPECIFICATION
6.1 FIRE PUMP
The Contractor shall supply and install fire-fighting pumps as shown and
detailed on the drawings.
Fire pumps and control panel shall be UL listed & FM approval.
The fire sprinkler pump/ duty/standby and the Jockey pump, shall be
completely fully automatic, factory assembled, skid mounted units includes the
following features:
a. One duty pump for Sprinkler system, electrically driven

b. One Jockey pump, common for the system, electrically driven.
c. Galvanized Steel frame.
d. Galvanized suction and delivery manifolds with flanged
connections
e. Isolating valves and flexible connection on suction and delivery for
each pump
f. Check valves on delivery for each pump
g. Strainer on suction for each pump
h. Pressure gauges, pressure switches and pressure relief valves
i. One Pressure vessel diaphragm type of 200 liters capacity
j. Automatic control panel
k. Fire pump set (Duty / standby) to be electrical driven for hose reel
and fire hydrant.
Pump construction shall be in cast iron casing, bronze impeller, stainless

steel shaft complete with steel base frame / plate.
The motor shall be squirrel cage induction type and rated for continuous
operation at ambient temperature not less than 50 Deg. C, totally enclosed fan
cooled with insulation class F and IP 54-protection level and rated for 415 volt, 3
phase and 50 Hz.
The Engine shall be of 4-stroke mechanical injection air-cooled type with

automatic speed regulator and flywheel housing.
The Engine shall be provided with double battery kit (12 VDC) and
charger, complete with exhaust pipe (insulated) and arranged to discharge
outside.
The Engine shall be manually switched off.
The Control Panel shall consist of the following:
43
1 Starter with Overload protection for each motor.
1 Residual current circuit breaker (for each pump)
1 Set timing relays
1 Hand / off / Auto switch for each pump
1 System Mode selector switch
1 Run and Trip Indication Lamps for each motor
3 Indicating Lamps, “Power On”, “Low Water” and “Phase Failure”.
1 Main Neutral Link
1 Cyclic Controller
1 Pressure switch and adjustable setting for each pump
1 Dry run prevention relay and floats switch in feed tank
1 Set of Volt free contacts for BMS interface
1 Multi attempt relay to allow at least 3 attempts for Engine Starting
1 Earth leakage sensor with hooter, mute push button and Indication lamp.
The construction of the Panel to be to IP 65 level.
The “hand” button shall be spring-loaded and shall override all control
circuits exception the overload, so that the selected pump can be checked for
performance and operation.
The pump sets shall operate under the control of pressure switches
The control panel design shall ensure:

a. Automatic operation of all pumps under the control of pressure
switches and cyclic relay. The duty pump selection switch shall be
in “Auto” position.
b. Automatic switch over to stand-by pump in case of failure of the
duty pump.
c. The hand position of H-O-A switches is only foe testing of pump and
shall be spring-loaded. Alternatively non-latching push button shall
be used for starting pump in HAND mode.
d. Dry run protection based on level switch in the feed tank with
indication.
e. Volt free terminals for remote indications of common fault including
low water level in feed tank, and pump on demand.
44
The fire pump set shall be constructed to local Fire department’s
requirements and a certificate stating this shall be provided with the pumps and
shall confirm to B.S. and shall be a single stage horizontal split casing centrifugal
type.
6.2. SPRINKLER AND ACCESSORIES
A. General:
1. Minimum sprinkler orifice size shall be 1/2 inch.
2. Sprinklers in non-public spaces such as
mechanical/electrical equipment, and storage
rooms and sprinklers on exposed piping shall have
brass finish unless noted otherwise.
3. Sprinklers and escutcheons in finished areas to have
polished brass or white finish or finish as noted on
plans.
4. Style, size, and temperature rating to be type
specifically approved for such use.
5. Thermosensitive glass bulbs to be of all one color for
a given temperature classification.
6. For each sprinkler style, all sprinklers to be of same
type (fusible link or glass bulb).
B. Upright Sprinklers:
1. Thermosensitive glass-bulb or fusible solder/alloy
standard response.
2. Thermosensitive glass-bulb quick response.
3. Fusible solder/alloy quick response.
4. Installation style:
a. Exposed: No escutcheon
C. Pendent Sprinklers:
standard response.
a. Exposed: No escutcheon.
D. Vertical Sidewall Sprinklers:

standard response.
45
4. Normal or extended coverage type is acceptable.
E. Horizontal Sidewall Sprinklers:
standard response.
4. Normal or extended coverage type is acceptable.
5. Fixed or field adjustable type is acceptable.
F. Sprinkler Guards: Metal with red finish.
G. Spare Sprinkler Cabinet: Wall mounted. Storage capacity of
not less than minimum designated by NFPA 13.
H. Sprinkler Wrench: To match style and brand of sprinklers used
Sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13.
These shall be local Fire officer’s approved, pendant glass
bulb sprinklers rated for 79 degree C. for sprinklers mounted
in non-air conditioned areas and 68 degree C. for sprinklers
mounted in air conditioned areas, and suitable for maximum
ambient temperature of 50 degree C. sprinklers shall have k
factor of 80 with 15 mm (1/2”) MSPT male inlets. Recessed
type of sprinklers shall be installed in the false ceilings in order
to make the surroundings decorative. There shall be a 2-
piece design of the recessed enclosure and mounting plate
allows installation of the sprinklers prior to the installation of
the false ceiling. Both sprinklers and escutcheon plates shall
have chrome finish.
Toilet and pantry areas (AHU Plant room) shall be
provided with side wall type sprinklers and shall have
chrome finish.
Samples are to be submitted to the consultant for
approval.
Side sprinkler head to be installed at plant room of
swimming pool.
7. INSTALLATION OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
PREPARATION
Ensure concrete bases are provided for floor mounted equipment.
46
INSTALLATION
a) Install Fire Protection System in compliance with applicable NFPA

standards (as referenced by the authority having jurisdiction.
b) Pipe and Fittings:
1. Acceptable pipe connection methods:
Schedule 40: Cut grooves or threaded.
2. Acceptable pipe size reducers:
a. Reducing fittings.
b. Tapered reducers.
3. Companion flanges or reducing grooved couplings are
unacceptable.
4. Install piping as follows, unless noted otherwise:
a. Parallel to walls.
b. Above suspended ceilings.
c. Behind walls.
5. Galvanized pipe and fittings:
a. Use where exposed to corrosive atmospheres in the
following locations:
Exterior piping
b. Field paint damaged galvanizing on pipe and
fittings.
6. Label piping appropriately.
c) Pipe Supports:
Install hangers in compliance with Section 15140 and NFPA
13 (as referenced by the authority having jurisdiction). All pipe
hangers, bolts, nuts, washers and other hardware to be hot dipped
galvanized construction for use at the cooling towers. All outdoor
piping to be hot dipped galvanized construction with all threads
coated to prevent corrosion from outdoor elements.
d) Pipe Sleeves and Seals:
Install sleeves and seals in compliance with Section 15140.
e) Drains:
Provide drainage facilities as follows:
a. In accordance with NFPA standards, and as
indicated.
b. Drain entire system by gravity.
c. Drain size not less than 3/4 inch.
d. Provide nipple and cap or brass plug for systems or
partial systems of 5 gallons or less.
e. Provide valve and plug for systems or partial systems
of more than 5 gallons.
47
f) Control Valves:
1. Bolt position on lugged butterfly valves to allow removal of
downstream piping.
g) Sprinklers:
1. Unless noted otherwise, provide sprinkler types as indicated
on drawings.
2. Install sprinklers in fittings after piping is in place.
3. Install exposed sprinklers with frame parallel to branch line.
4. Install sprinkler guards where sprinklers are within 2.2 meters
of floor, or when subject to injury.
5. Line sprinklers up with themselves.
6. Prior to Date of Substantial Completion, deliver spare heads
and wrench and place in spare head cabinet(s).
8. OPERATION OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
A fire sprinkler system is a network of concealed pipes supplying water to

sprinkler heads located at strategic positions within the property, and its
associated alarm system. The design of the fire sprinklers allows the system to
respond automatically to a growing fire and control it before it can develop to
the point at which lives are endangered and serious damage is done to the
property.
How does the system work?
A fire sprinkler system comprises a number of sprinkler heads, set either in

the ceiling or high on the wall, and attached to pipework usually connected to
the domestic mains water supply and an alarm system. Sprinkler heads contains
a mechanism which is sensitive to heat and which, at a predetermined
temperature (usually 68° C), releases a plug allowing water to escape. The flow
of water in the system triggers an audio-visual alarm which can be heard both
inside and out. The water is directed onto a diffuser which is designed to not only
break up the water into droplets of a specific size, it also directs the spray to
cover a specific floor and wall area. Each sprinkler head is individually and
directly activated by the heat from the fire. In the majority of fires just one
sprinkler head is triggered and that is sufficient to deal with the fire. Residential
fire sprinkler heads are rated as quick response heads and it is this speed of
reaction that gives the system its ability to deal with fires when they are small and
more easily controllable. When compared to other fire detection equipment the
advantage this speed of reaction creates is multiplied by the fact that the
sprinkler system is actually starting to control the fire at about the same point in
time as a call would normally be made to the Fire Brigade. Time is a vital factor in
dealing with fires.
48
9. MAINTENANCE AND TESTING OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
Introduction
When properly installed and maintained, automatic fire sprinkler systems

have proven to be the most effective means for protecting life and property
against fire. In recognition of their excellent track record in controlling the spread
of fire, both state codes and national standards offer fire sprinklers as a cost-
effective alternative to meeting many of their base code requirements.
A lot is riding, therefore, on a sprinkler system’s ability to operate and

function properly. So much so, in fact, that state law prohibits the occupancy of
any portion of a building until the required suppression system has been tested
and approved. Further, it requires that such systems be maintained in an
operative condition at all times and be repaired or replaced when defective.
In order to meet both certification requirements and licensure

requirements, automatic fire sprinkler systems are required to be inspected,
tested and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection,
Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems.. While the
provisions in this edition of the standard applicable to fire sprinkler systems are
very similar to those found in the 1998 edition, you’ll find that the 2002 edition
contains more restrictive testing requirements for dry sprinklers and sprinklers
subjected to harsh environments.
Application
It must be noted that this document is intended to serve as a quick-

reference guide only and is not intended to be all-inclusive. It covers most, but
not all, of the inspection, testing and maintenance requirements applicable to
fire sprinkler systems. Some facilities may have additional equipment not covered
in this guide. It is important, therefore, that the user have access to, and become
familiar with all the requirements found in, NFPA 25.
System types
The requirements contained in NFPA 25 are based on the type of sprinkler

system installed.
The two types most commonly found in healthcare occupancies are wet
pipe and dry pipe sprinkler systems. Some buildings contain both types of systems
– a wet pipe system in heated areas and a dry-pipe system in unheated areas.
Simply put, a wet pipe sprinkler system is a piping system containing water so
arranged that water discharges immediately from sprinklers activated by heat
from a fire. A dry pipe sprinkler system is a piping system containing air or
nitrogen under pressure so arranged that upon activation of a sprinkler, the
49
water pressure opens a valve allowing water to flow into the pipe and out the
opened sprinkler.
Definitions
In order to follow the requirements of the standard, it’s important to have

a good understanding of what’s meant by “inspection”, “testing” and
“maintenance”. Those terms are defined in NFPA 25(98), Sec. 1-5 as follows [see
also NFPA 25(02), Sec. 3.3]:
 Inspection. A visual examination of a system or portion thereof to verify

that it appears to be in operating condition and is free of physical
damage.
 Testing. A procedure used to determine the status of a system as intended
by conducting periodic physical checks such as water flow tests, fire
pump tests, alarm tests, and trip tests of dry-pipe valves. These tests follow
up on the original acceptance test at intervals specified in the
appropriate chapter of NFPA 25.
 Maintenance. Work performed to keep equipment operable or to make
repairs.
Personnel Qualifications
It is the facility’s responsibility to ensure that only properly trained and

competent persons perform inspections, testing and maintenance on its fire
sprinkler system. NFPA 25 simply states, “These tasks shall be performed by
personnel who have developed competence through training and experience.”
[See NFPA 25(98), Sec. 1-4.2 or NFPA 25(02), Sec. 4.1.2.3].
System History
A number of requirements applied to a healthcare facility’s fire protection

systems are based on the age and date of installation of those systems. Without
an accurate written history of the fire protection system(s) in your facility, it can
be difficult to prove to a state or federal life safety surveyor that those systems
are being maintained in accordance with applicable state and federal
standards. This can result in fire/life safety deficiencies being cited. Turnover of
administrative and/or maintenance personnel only serve to compound the
problem. One of the best ways to deal with this is to create and maintain an
historical log on your system(s).
As with just about anything, the hardest part of creating an historical log is
getting started – after that, it’s a matter of keeping it up-to-date. Basic questions
that need to be answered include:
 When the system was initially installed? Who installed it?
50
 Were any additions, modifications or repairs made to the system? When?
Who did the work?
It’s important to note that certain changes made to your building could
necessitate modifications to your fire protection system. Things to watch for
include: construction or removal of walls and installation of such things as drop-in
ceilings, new suspended light fixtures, tracks for lift systems and new cubicle
curtains.
Applicable Standards
1. Specific requirements relating to the inspection, testing and maintenance

of fire sprinkler systems can be found in:
 Chapters 2 and 9 of the 1998 edition of NFPA 25
 Chapters 5 and 12 of the 2002 edition of NFPA 25
2. Specific requirements relating to the inspection, testing and maintenance
of fire pumps can be found in:
 Chapter 5 of the 1998 edition of NFPA 25
 Chapter 8 of the 2002 edition of NFPA 25
Specific Requirements
The inspection, testing and maintenance requirements that apply to your

building’s fire sprinkler system start from the date of initial installation and
continue on at specific intervals throughout the life of the system. What follows is
a brief synopsis of some of the major requirements you need to be aware of.
New installations
In order to meet both federal certification requirements and state

licensure requirements, automatic fire sprinkler systems are required to be
installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler
Systems.
All newly installed fire sprinkler systems are required to meet specific
acceptance requirements, such as flushing of fire service mains and testing of
both underground and aboveground piping [see NFPA13(99]. These services
must be provided by licensed contractors.
Monthly
The following monthly inspections can be performed by facility staff:
1. Visually inspect control valves to ensure that they are:

 In the normal open position
 Accessible
51
 Properly sealed
 Locked and/or supervised
 Free from leaks
 Provided with appropriate signage identifying the portion of the
system they control
2. Visually inspect gauges on wet pipe systems to verify that they are in good
condition and that normal water pressure is being maintained.
3. Visually inspect gauges on dry pipe systems to verify that they are in good
condition and that normal air and water pressure are being maintained.
Note: Where air pressure is not supervised at a constantly attended

location, these gauges need to be inspected on a weekly basis.
Quarterly
1. The following quarterly inspections are in addition to those required

monthly and can be performed by facility staff:
a. For hydraulically designed sprinkler systems, inspect the hydraulic
nameplate to verify that it’s securely attached to the sprinkler riser
and is legible.
Note: Most newly installed fire sprinkler systems are now

hydraulically designed.
b. Inspect alarm devices to verify that they are free of physical

damage.
c. Inspect fire department connections to verify that:
 They are visible and accessible
 Couplings or swivels are not damaged and rotate smoothly
 Plugs or caps are in place and not damaged
 Gaskets are in place and in good condition
 Identification signs are in place
 The check valve is not leaking
 The automatic drain valve is in place and operating properly
2. With proper training the following quarterly tests can be performed by
facility staff:
a. Test the water flow alarm on wet pipe sprinkler systems by opening
the inspector’s test connection. This simulates the opening of a
sprinkler head.
Note: Where freezing weather conditions or other circumstances

prohibit the use of the inspector’s test connection; the bypass connection is
allowed to be used.
52
b. Test the water flow alarm on dry pipe sprinkler systems by using the
bypass connection.
Caution: Opening the inspector’s test connection can cause the

system to trip accidentally, allowing the pipes to fill with water and creating a
potential for a serious freeze problem.
Annually
In addition to the monthly and quarterly inspections and tests, NFPA 25

has very detailed and specific inspection, testing and maintenance services that
need to be performed on an annual basis. Because of their complexity, and to
comply with Minnesota state law, these services must be performed by a
licensed sprinkler contractor and would include such things as:
 An inspection of the facility’s supply of spare sprinkler heads to

ensure that there are a minimum of two sprinklers of each type and
temperature rating and that there is a sprinkler wrench for each
type of sprinkler.
 A check of all sprinklers, hangers, pipe and fittings
 Testing of the main drain
 Testing of any antifreeze solution used
 Testing and maintenance of valves
Dry pipe sprinkler systems require some additional testing and

maintenance. Priming water level, low pressure alarms and quick-opening
devices must be tested. An annual trip test is also required.
Long term
1. A full flow trip test is required for dry pipe sprinkler systems every 3 years
[see NFPA 25(98), Sec. 9-4.4.2.2.1 or NFPA 25(02), Sec. 12.4.4.2.2.2].
2. Sprinkler system gauges typically have a life expectancy of 10 to 15 years.
As a result, these gauges must be replaced every 5 years or tested every 5
years by comparison to a calibrated gauge. Gauges not accurate to
within 3 percent of the full scale must be recalibrated or replaced [see
NFPA 25(98), Sec. 2-3.2 or NFPA 25(02), Sec. 5.3.2].
3. System check valves must be inspected internally every 5 years to verify
that all components operate properly, move freely and are in good
condition [see NFPA 25(98), Sec. 9-4.2.1 or NFPA 25(02), Sec. 12.4.2.1].
4. The 1998 edition of NFPA 25 has specific requirements dealing with testing
of sprinkler heads that have been in service for an extended period of
time [see NFPA 25(98), Sec. 2-3.1]. These requirements, which emphasize
the importance of knowing the history of your facility’s fire sprinkler system,
would include:
53
a. Sprinklers manufactured prior to 1920 must be replaced.
b. Representative samples of solder-type, extra-high temperature
sprinklers (i.e. 325°- 375° F) that are exposed to semi-continuous or
continuous maximum allowable ambient temperature conditions
are required to be tested at 5 year intervals. These would be
sprinklers you might find, for example, in your boiler room and
would have red-colored frame arms.
c. Sprinklers manufactured using fast response elements that have
been in service for 20 years are required to be tested. Retesting is
required at 10-year intervals.
Note: The first residential sprinkler was listed for service in 1981 and
the first quick response sprinkler was listed for service in 1983.
d. Sprinklers that have been in service for 50 years must be replaced.

An alternative is to submit representative samples from one or more
sample areas to a recognized testing laboratory. Such tests are
required to be repeated at 10-year intervals.
e. Sprinklers in service for 75 years are required to be replaced or
representative samples submitted for testing. Retesting is then
required at 5-year intervals.
5. The 2002 edition of NFPA 25 has the following additional testing
requirements [see NFPA 25(02), Sec. 5.3.1]:
a. Dry sprinklers that have been in service for 10 years must be tested
or replaced. They must be retested at 10-year intervals.
b. Where sprinklers are subjected to harsh environments, including
corrosive atmospheres and corrosive water supplies, the sprinklers
must be replaced or representative samples tested every 5 years.
Note: “Harsh environments” have been interpreted to include

areas exposed to outside weather (e.g. sprinklers installed under exterior
canopies) and cold storage areas (e.g. coolers and freezers).
Fire pumps
1. Fire pumps, where present, are also subject to very specific inspection,
testing and maintenance requirements to help ensure that they will
function properly when needed. Some of the basics include:
a. Fire pumps must be inspected weekly to verify that the pump
assembly appears to be in operating condition and is free from
physical damage [see NFPA 25(98), Sec. 5-2 or NFPA 25(02), Sec.
8.2 for specific conditions that must be checked].
54
b. Fire pump assemblies must be tested weekly [see NFPA 25(98), Sec.
5-3.2 or NFPA 25(02), Sec. 8.3 for specific observations and
adjustments that need to be made while the pump is running].
c. An annual test of the fire pump assembly is required. This test must
be conducted under minimum, rated and peak flows of the pump
[see NFPA 25(98), Sec. 5-3.3 or NFPA 25(02), Sec. 8.3.3 for specific
visual observations, measurements and adjustments that need to
be made while the pump is running and flowing water under the
specified output condition].
2. NFPA 25 requires that a preventive maintenance program be established
on all components of the pump assembly in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations [see NFPA 25(98), Sec. 5-5 or NFPA
25(02), Sec. 8.5].
Note: NFPA 25 provides a helpful table to use in the absence of

manufacturer’s recommendations for preventive maintenance [see NFPA 25(98),
Table 5-5.1 or NFPA 25(02), Table 8.5.3].
Documentation Requirements
Just as important as conducting required inspections, testing and
maintenance is documenting the fact that they occurred. Both NFPA 13 and
NFPA 25 require that these services be properly recorded. What follows is a brief
synopsis of some of the major documentation requirements you need to be
aware of.
Initial installation records
As mentioned earlier makes it unlawful to occupy any portion of a

building until the required suppression system has been tested and approved. A
proof that all underground and aboveground piping related to the fire sprinkler
system has been properly tested, including flushing of underground piping and
hydrostatic testing of aboveground piping [see NFPA 13(99), Sec. 10-2]. Proper
documentation serves as evidence that this has occurred.
1. Initial records must, at a minimum, include:

a. Name of installation contractor
b. Contractor’s Material and Test Certificate for Aboveground Piping
[see NFPA 13(99), Figure 10-1(a)]
c. Contractor’s Material and Test Certificate for Underground Piping
[see NFPA 13(99), Figure 10-1(b)]
2. In addition, the installing contractor is required to provide you with the
following [see NFPA 13(99), Sec. 10-4]:
55
a. All literature and instructions provided by the manufacturer
describing proper operation and maintenance of all equipment
and devices installed, and
b. A copy of NFPA 25 (Be aware that you very likely will not receive a
copy of the 1998 edition of NFPA 25, but rather the latest edition of
the standard adopted by NFPA).
3. The installing contractor is required to identify hydraulically designed
systems with a permanently marked weather-proof sign properly secured
near the valve controlling the corresponding hydraulically designed area
[see NFPA 13(99), Sec. 10-5]. This sign must include the following
information:
a. Location of the design area(s)
b. Discharge densities over the design area(s)
c. Required flow and residual pressure demand at the base of the
riser
d. Occupancy classification or commodity classification and
maximum permitted storage height and configuration
e. Hose stream demand included in addition to the sprinkler demand
Note: A sample information sign can be found in Appendix A to

NFPA 13 [see Figure A-10-5].
Monthly, quarterly, annual and long term records
Sample forms for inspection, testing and maintenance of fire sprinkler

systems can be found in Appendix B of the 1998 edition of NFPA 25 or in Annex B
of the 2002 edition of NFPA 25. These forms should be available through your
local fire sprinkler contractor.
Sample reports are also available for dry pipe sprinkler systems and fire
pumps as follows (again, these reports should be available through your local fire
sprinkler contractor):
 Inspection, testing and maintenance of dry pipe sprinkler systems

[see NFPA 25(98), Appendix B, Figure B-5 or NFPA 25(02), Annex B.
 Inspection, testing and maintenance of fire pumps [see NFPA
25(98), Appendix B, Figure B-11 or NFPA 25(02), Annex B.
Dry pipe system trip tests
1. A tag or card showing the following must be attached to dry pipe

system valves [see NFPA 25(98), Sec. 9-4.4.2.5 or NFPA 25(02), Sec.
12.4.4.2.5]:
56
 Date dry pipe valve last tripped
 Name of person and organization conducting the test
2. Separate records of initial air and water pressure, tripping air pressure
and dry pipe valve operating condition must be maintained on the
premises for comparison with previous test results.
It’s important that at least two people in your facility know where
your records are kept to increase the likelihood that they can be
readily provided if requested during an inspection.
It is required that these records be maintained on the premises for
at least three years and must be copied for the fire code official on
request.
10. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS – ANALYSIS
10.1 COST ESTIMATES
Note: 1 Qatari Riyal = 12.98 Philippine Peso

EQUIPMENT, MATERIAL AND INSTALLATION COST
ITEM DESCRIPTION AMOUNT,QR AMOUNT,PHP
1 Galvanized steel pipes and fittings 225 545.00 2 927 574.10
2 Fire Sprinklers 96 600.00 1 253 868.00
3 Piping ancillaries 12 329.00 160 030.42
4 Hose reel unit and extinguishers 173 220.00 2 248 395.60
5 Fire Pumps 124 000.00 1 609 520.00
6 Sundries 20 000.00 259 600.00
7 Builders Work 5 500.00 71 390.00
SUB TOTAL 657 194.00 8 530 378.12
12 PERCENT MARK-UP 78 863.28 1 023 645.37
TOTAL PROJECT COST 736 057.28 9 554 023.49
11. EVALUATION, OBSERVATION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

11.1. EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATION
The following are my evaluation and observation:

1. The fire pumps are tested annually for proper operation
according to NFPA 1911.Its operation cost is very small.
2. The fire sprinklers are separately piped and hydraulically
design only for that piping up to a discharge pressure
than is desired to the remote area design.
3. NFPA is the major reference in this report.
57
11.2. CONCLUSION
In the design of fire sprinkler system, only the most remote area is
considered. Getting the required water demand and pressure develop. Sizing
fire pump is from the sum of sprinkler water demand and hose demand. Fire
pump package includes on-duty fire pump which is electric driven, standby fire
pump which is diesel engine driven and a jockey pump to maintain the system
pressure which is also electric driven. This for hotel which is a multilevel residential
building, the main parts of the design that need further consideration the
calculation of the required pressure at the most remote sprinkler.
11.3. RECOMMENDATION
Standard procedure based on NFPA 13, 13R and other related standard
shall be consulted first before proceeding to the design.
58
12. REFERENCES
Cheung, K.P. Fire Services Installations in Hong Kong
www.arch.hku.hk/~kpcheung/fire/fire23.html
Gummerhaul, M.L. and Pennel G.T. Hotel and Motel Fire Sprinkler
Systems Article in www.pmengineer.com, Nov. 1, 2008.
Fire Sprinkler System Maintenance and Inspection

www.firesystems.net/inspections/sprinkler_systems.htm
How to Size a Pump and Tank

www.thedsystem.com/hf_pages/dsys_c.html
Maintenance and Testing of Fire Sprinkler System

www.health.state.mn.us/divs/fpc/Firesprinklers2.pdf
NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Fire Sprinkler Systems, 2002 Ed.
NFPA 13R – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in

Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height.
2002 Ed.
NFPA 20 - Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire

Protection. 2003 Ed.
Pipe Fittings and Flanges. Pipe Fittings by Type. Retrieved Jan. 10, 2016
from http://www.thepipefittings.com/pipe-fittings-types.html
Sanguri, Mohit. (July 12, 2012). Marine Insight. Pipe and Bends – An
Essential Guide for Second Engineers: Part 2. Retrieved Jan. 10, 2016
from http://www.marineinsight.com/tech/pipeing/pipes-and-bends-
an-essential-guide-for-second-engineers-part-2/
Pentair Wellmate. Residential Tank Sizing Calculator. Retrieved Jan. 10,

2016 from http://www.wellmate.com/en-US/support/calculator/
Llovido, Agerico U. (Sept. 2009) “Design, Installation, Operation And

Maintenance Of Fire Sprinkler System Of Khalifa Hotel Located At
Sports City Of Doha, Qatar” Retrieved Jan. 10, 2016 from REPORT –
AGERICO_LLOVIDO.pdf
59
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A – FIRE PUMPS MODEL BROCHURE
Pump Designs
Flowserve offers a wide range of
complementary pump types, built to
recognized global standards and
costumer specification. These
include:
 Single-stage process
 Between bearing single- stage
 Between bearing multistage
 Vertical
 Submersible motor
 Positive displacement
 Nuclear
 Specially
Available Configurations
 Sealed and seal less
 Axially and radially split
 Volute and diffuser
 Close coupled and spacer
coupled
 Single and double case
APPENDIX B – SPRINKLER MODEL BROCHURE
APPENDIX D – DESIGN CALCULATION
APPENDIX C - SPRINKLER SYSTEM PIPING LAYOUT
Stairway Stairway
Electrical Electrical
Room
Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom
Room
Vestibule
Bedroom Vestibule Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom
Stairway
Stairway
Bedroom Bedroom
Unit Utility Unit Unit Utility Unit

Room
Room
Bedroom
Bedroom Bath Unit Unit Unit Bath
Bath Bath Bedroom
Bedroom
Elevator Elevator
Elevator Elevator
Unit Unit Unit Bath Bath Bath
Bath Bath Bath Bath Bath
Bath Bath
Bedroom Bedroom
Bedroom
Corridor Unit Corridor Unit
Bedroom
Unit
Bedroom
Bath
Unit Bedroom Bath Bath Bath Bath
Bath Bath Bath Bedroom Bedroom
Unit Unit Unit Unit

Unit Unit Unit Unit Bath
Bath
Bath Bath
Bedroom
Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom
Bedroom Bedroom
Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom
Unit Unit
Unit Unit
GF and 2F Floor Plan Lay-out

GF and 2F Floor Plan Lay-out
Stairway
25 mm
Stairway
25 mm
25 mm
Electrical
25 mm
Electrical Room
25 mm
Room 25 mm
25 mm
25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm
Vestibule 25 mm
25 mm
25 mm
25 mm
25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm
25 mm
Vestibule 25 mm
25 mm
25 mm
25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm Stairway
25 mm
25 mm 25 mm 25 mm
25 mm
Bedroom 25 mm Bedroom
25 mm
25 mm Stairway
25 mm
25 mm 25 mm 25 mm
Bedroom 25 mm Bedroom
25 mm
25 mm
Unit Utility Unit
32 mm
Unit Unit
25 mm
Utility Room
32 mm
25 mm
Room
25 mm 25 mm
25 mm
Unit Unit Unit
25 mm
25 mm
Bath
Unit Unit Unit Bath
25 mm
25 mm
32 mm
Bath Bedroom
25 mm
Bath
25 mm
Bedroom
32 mm
Bedroom
25 mm
Bedroom Elevator Elevator

Elevator Elevator
25 mm 25 mm Bath 25 mm Bath Bath 25 mm
32 mm
25 mm
25 mm
40 mm
25 mm Bath Bath Bath Bath
32 mm
25 mm 25 mm 25 mm Bath
32 mm
25 mm
32 mm 25 mm
25 mm
40 mm
Bath
32 mm
Bath
32 mm
32 mm 25 mm
25 mm
40 mm
25 mm
32 mm
32 mm
25 mm
40 mm
25 mm
32 mm
32 mm
32 mm
32 mm
40 mm
80 mm 80 mm 80 mm 80 mm 65 mm 50 mm
32 mm
32 mm
32 mm
32 mm
65 mm 65 mm 65 mm
40 mm
80 mm Bedroom
Corridor
80 mm 50 mm
80 mm 80 mm 65 mm Bedroom
Unit Unit
32 mm
65 mm 65 mm 65 mm
Corridor
40 mm
25 mm
Bedroom 25 mm
Bedroom
Unit Unit
25 mm
25 mm
40 mm
25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm
25 mm
25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm
40 mm
25 mm
32 mm
40 mm
32 mm
25 mm
25 mm
25 mm 25 mm 25 mm
25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm Bath 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm
25 mm Bath Bath Bath
25 mm
25 mm Bath 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm
25 mm
Bath Bath Bath 25 mm Bedroom
25 mm
Bedroom
25 mm
25 mm Bedroom
25 mm
Bedroom
25 mm
Unit
25 mm
25 mm
Unit Unit Unit Unit
25 mm
25 mm
Bath
Unit Unit Unit Bath 25 mm
Bath Bath
25 mm
25 mm 25 mm
25 mm
25 mm
25 mm
25 mm
Bedroom
25 mm
25 mm
25 mm
25 mm
Bedroom
25 mm
Bedroom
25 mm
25 mm
25 mm
Bedroom
25 mm
25 mm
25 mm 25 mm
25 mm 25 mm Bedroom 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm Bedroom
Bedroom 25 mm
25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm Bedroom 25 mm
25 mm
Unit Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom 25 mm
25 mm Unit Bedroom Bedroom 25 mm
25 mm
Unit
25 mm
Unit
Remote Area
GF and 2F Floor Plan Lay-out GF and 2F Floor Plan Lay-out

2ND FLOOR
GROUND FLOOR
FIRE WATER SUPPLY RISER DIAGRAM

NUT NUT ACTUATOR
COVER STEEL COLUMN
PIPE PLASTIC WATERPROOF STEEL PIPE SLEEVE W/
HEAT RESISTANT 100X6.25X75 LONG MONITOR SWITCH COVER SECURITY B 6.5MM THK. X 50MM
TO BE FILLED W/ NON- LOCK WASHER ASSEMBLY 16 MM NPT SCREW
CAULKING COMPOUND STEEL BARS WELDED B/2 X 50MM
A/4
ESCUTCHEON FOR COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS CONDUIT
TO PIPE
FINISHED SURFACE
WIRE LEADS MOUNTING PLATE PIPE 2-15 X 50L BOLT W/
PIPE DOUBLE NUTS AND
A
A/2
FLAT WASHER LOCK WASHER
ROLL VANE OPPOSITE DIRECTION OF
FLOW ARROW ROD DIA. NUT W/ LOCK WASHER
SLEEVE OF FLOW ARROW TO
A/4
A/4
INSERT IN PIPE
NUT W/ LOCK WASHER
MOUNTING HOLE
A/2
2-15 X 50L BOLT W/
A
HOOK BOLT DOUBLE NUTS AND ROD DIA.
LOCK WASHER
CONCRETE SLAB PLASTIC WATERPROOF B/2
A/4
HOOK BOLT
OAKUM MASTIC PACKING 6.5MM THK. X 50MM PIPE
HEAT RESISTANT SHAP ON TYPE LOCK NUT X 50MM B
NOTES: CAULKING COMPOUND ESCUTCHEON PLATE INNER LOCKNUT
(FOR FINISHED SURFACE) MOUNTING BRACKET
SLEEVE SHALL BE PROVIDED AROUND ALL PIPING EXTENDING CONCRETE SPOUT HOOK FACES U-BOLT STEEL COLUMN
THRU WALLS & FOUNDATION. OUTWARD
HOOK FACES IDENTATION OW
CONCRETE WALL INWARD FL
A. MINIMUM CLEARANCE BETWEEN PIPES AND SLEEVES R
TE
SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 25mm. FOR PIPES 25mm NOTE: WA
THROUGH 90mm.&50mm. FOR PIPES 100mm. LARGER. FOR SMALL VALVE FOR LARGE VALVE
PIPE SLEEVE SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM FIRE RATING SIMILAR
18 WATER FLOW SWITCH MOUNTING ARRANGEMENT
B. THE CLEARANCE BETWEEN THE PIPE SLEEVE SHALL BE TO PENETRATED WALL. FP-10 22 WALL PIPE HANGER DETAIL
FILLED W/ NON-COMBUSTIBLE FLEXIBLE MATERIALS SUCH
AS MINERAL WOOL FIBERGLASS OR EQUIVALENT PIPE SHALL
11 MONITOR SWITCH MOUNTING ARRANGEMENT FP-10
NOT DECLARE FIRE RATING OF WALLS AND FLOORS. 6 PIPE SLEEVE THRU WALLS & BEAMS FP-10
C. FLOOR SLEEVES SHALL BE EXTENDED AT LEAST 75mm. FP-10

ABOVE THE TOP OF THE WEARING SURFAGE.
1 WATERTIGHT PIPE SLEEVE THRU FLOORS TO WATER MOTOR GONG

FP-8
TO ELECTRIC ALARM BELL
FLUSH ANCHOR OR
C-CLAMP FOR STEEL
PRESSURE SWITCH
25 175
25 175
FLUSH ANCHOR OR TRUSS
BOTTOM OF SLAB
C-CLAMP FOR STEEL OS & Y GATE VALVE
A B ROUND BAR VICTAULLIC 50 50 25 25
GA 18 G.I. SHT. BODY
TRUSS HANGER COUPLING
EPOXY PRIMED WITH AUTOMATIC RETARDING
WHITE BAKED INTERIOR CHAMBER
BOTTOM OF SLAB MACHINE BOLT SEMI-AUTO HOSE FINISHED & FIRE RED
WATER FLOW SWITCH HEXAGONAL NUTS SUPPLY PIPE RACK EPOXY PRIMED A
ROUND BAR W/ WASHERS W/ NUT FIRE RED BAKED (INCLUDING FRAME) BAKED ENAMEL
GATE VALVE
INDICATING TYPE FLOOR WIRING TO SPRINKLER ENAMEL FINISH EXTERIOR FINISHED
ALARM CONTROL PANEL C C
CONTROL VALVE W/ HEX . NUTS W/ (SIZE OF CABINET) (SIZE OF CABINET
WASHERS FLAT BAR COMBINED ANGLE TYPE
25 25 25 25 INCLUDING FRAME)
SUPERVISORY SWITCH 50 50 25 50 50 25
FLAT BARS LOWER PIPE RESTRICTING VALVE
5025 25
CAST BRASS FINISH
50 25
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER NOTE:
PIPE RISER FOG NOZZLE CAST 25 X 50MM ANODIZED 25 X 50MM ANODIZED
NOTE: PIPE CROSSMAIN AND BRANCHLINE PIPE BRASS FINISH ALUMINUM FRAME FOR ALUMINUM FRAME FOR
(INCLUDING FRAME)
SHOULD BE MAXIMIZE TO THE CEILING LEVEL. RECESSED MOUNTED SURFACED MOUNTED
INCLUDING FRAME)
(SIZE OF CABINET)
(SIZE OF CABINET
30 CABINET CABINET
CROSSMAIN AND BRANCHLINE PIPE PIPE SIZE STEEL PLATE BAR ROD. DIA. MACHINE BOLT W/ NUT
FOUR WAY SWAY BRACE 25MM TEST FIRE HOSE B.I. PIPE 50MM (2") MAIN DRAIN
SHOULD BE MAXIMIZE TO THE CEILING LEVEL.
D
B
mm. in. mm. in. (DIA. x L) mm. DOUBLE JACKET
LOWER(thk. x W) LOWER(thk. x W)
GLOBE VALVE
PIPE SIZE STEEL PLATE BAR ROD. DIA. 50 2 3.2 x 25 MM 4.8 x 25 MM 9.5 3/8
32MM 65 2 1/2 3.2 x 25 MM 4.8 x 25 MM 9.5 3/8
mm. in. (thick x width) mm. in. 2MM THICK
50MM MAIN DRAIN SECTIONAL VALVE 80 3 3.2 x 25 MM 4.8 x 25 MM 9.5 3/8 CLEAR GLASS
25 1 3.2 x 19 MM 9.5 3/8 10 lbs. ABC DRY
25MM 100 4 3.2 x 25 MM 4.8 x 25 MM 9.5 3/8
25 50
32 2.25 9.5 3/8 CHEMICAL FIRE
25 25 50
3.2 x 19 MM
150 4.8 x 32 MM 6.4 x 32 MM 12.0 1/2 EXTINGUISHER
SIGHT GLASS 40 1.50 3.2 x 19 MM 9.5 3/8 6
FLEXIBLE COUPLING
32MM UNION B.S UNION W/ CORRISION 50 2 3.2 x 19 MM 9.5 3/8
(WHERE REQUIRED) RESISTANT ORIFICE W/ HOSE VALVE RECESSED MOUNTED SURFACED MOUNTED
FLOW EQUAL TO ONE 12 ADJUSTABLE TYPE CLEVIS HANGER INCLUDING
FRAME
SIZE OF
CABINET
SIZE OF CABINET
INCLUDING FRAME
32MM PIPE SPRINKLER HEAD
7 ADJUSTABLE TYPE FLAT IRON HANGER FP-10 RECESSED MOUNTED A B C D SURFACE MOUNTED C D TRUST BLOCK
60 METERS FIRE HOSE 950mm1050mm 900mm1000mm 60 METERS FIRE HOSE 900mm 1000mm
A - DISTANCE OF AT LEAST 24"(600MM) FROM GATE VALVE FP-10
30 METERS FIRE HOSE 850mm 950mm 800mm 900mm 30 METERS FIRE HOSE 800mm 900mm
B - DISTANCE OF AT LEAST 10"(250MM) FROM FITTINGS
23 METERS FIRE HOSE 750mm 850mm 700mm 800mm 23 METERS FIRE HOSE 700mm 800mm
W/C CHANGES FLOW DIRECTION
23 ALARM CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY
FP-10
2 FLOOR CONTROL VALVE & AUXILLIARY DRAIN 19 FIRE HOSE CABINET AND ACCESSORIES DETAIL
FP-10 BRANCH LINE FP-10
ELBOW FITTING UPRIGHT
SPRINKLER
A
HEAD
FDC W/ PLUG & CHAIN
RISER NIPPLE W/ CHECK SNOOTS &
THREAD-O-LET (SEE PLAN FOR SIZES)
22 MM IN BOLT FITTINGS A - DEFLECTORS OF SPRINKLER SHALL PIPE HANGER
EXPANSION SHIELD BE LOCATED 25 mm TO 305mm
(1" TO 12" BELOW COMBUSTIBLE CEILING FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION
VIBRON NEOPENE
FLUSHING CONN. 25mm X 13mm 50 DURA FREE HT.2"
COUPLING REDUCER REINFORCED CONCRETE
CONCRETE WALL OR BEAM 25mm DROP NIPPLE AIR SPACE FLOATING
WELDED 25mm X 13mm

PENDENT COUPLING REDUCER
CROSSMAIN
(SEE PLAN FOR SIZES) SPRINKLER
LONG NIPPLE HEAD
900 mm
15MM U-BOLT PIPE CLAMP
65 x 65 x 7MM
8 FLUSHING CONNECTION DETAIL CEILING
STEEL ANGLE FP-10
13 COMBINATION SPRINKLER HEADS DETAIL 5/8 " PLYWOOD WITH
FIBERGLASS INSULATION
FLOOR SLAB
150MM OR 200MM
SPRINKLER PIPE FP-10
100MM FINISHED FLOOR LINE
NOTE:
16 FIRE PUMP PAD DETAIL
CROSSMAIN AND BRANCHLINE PIPE FP-10 SMOOTH BORE CORROSION
SHOULD BE MAXIMIZE TO THE CEILING LEVEL. RESISTANT OUTLET GIVING
20 FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION FLOW EQUIVALENT TO ONE
SPRINKLER
3 PIPE RISER BRACKET DETAIL THIS VALVE CONTROL
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS
FP-8 FLOOR LINE FD
GROUND LINE
FP-10 SPRINKLER
FIRE-ALARM
MUST AT ALL
WHEN BELL RINGS BE OPEN TIMES
CALL
TO BE HANDLED ONLY BY AUTHORIZED PERSON
FIRE DEPT.-POLICE OR BY EMPLOYEE CARING FOR SPRINKLER SYSTEM
IN CASE OF FIRE 2 ELLS

DO NOT SHUT VALVE UNTIL FIRE IS
ENTIRELY OUT
WHEN VALVE IS SHUT FOR EMERGENCY REPAIRS
OR FIRE NOTIFY
REQUEST DIRECTIONS RESTORE PROTECTION QUICKLY
10" LONG NIPPLE "C" 10" LONG NIPPLE 'D' BOLT HOLE
FILLET WELD ALL AROUND
REGULAR REGULAR RECESSED
UPRIGHT PENDENT
TYPE SPRINKLER HEAD TYPE SPRINKLER HEAD ON THIS FLOOR IN THIS BUILDING IN THIS SECTION
MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL
13MM NPT CHROME FINISH EXTINGUISHER (ABC) 15 lbs. or 24 INSPECTOR TEST CONNECTION DETAIL
13MM NPT CHROME FINISH FILLET WELD ALL AROUND
CO 2 EXTINGUISHER 10 lbs.
INSPECTION TEST AUXILIARY DRAIN ALARM LINE COUPLING FP-10
'A' 'B'
ORDINARY
SIDEWALL
EXTENDED COVERAGE
SIDEWALL 9 FIRE EXTINGUISHER FIRE HOSE FOR USE BY OCCUPANTS DRY STANDPIPE FOR FIRE DEPT.
TYPE SPRINKLER HEAD TYPE SPRINKLER HEAD FOR BUILDING USE ONLY
FP-10
FP-8 C
L C
L
13MM NPT CHROME FINISH
14 IDENTIFICATION SIGNS 2 ELLS

4 TYPE OF SPRINKLER HEAD FP-10
8" 8"
2 ELLS & NIPPLE 'E'
NORMAL POSITION GASKET
FP-10
CONCRETE SLAB/BEAM
PLAN
2-L 50 X 50 X 7 X 0-75
NUT
BOLTS & NUTS

SIAMESE TWIN VERTICAL GASKET
COUPLING ELL MOVEMENT TRACK BOLT
EXPN SHIELD L 50 X 7 X 0-150MM
WALL PLATE 'A' 'B' NORMAL
DRIVE SHAFT STRIKER ASSEMBLY L65 X 65 X 7 POSITION
WALL CONNECTION IN EXPN SHIELD
WELDED
FELTON WHEEL GONG CONNECTION
CONC. WALL EII 'C' NIPPLE 'E'
OR BEAM 2 ELL LENGHTS PIPE
8 1/2" FOR 3" PIPE
7 1/2" FOR 2 1/2" PIPE
900 mm
L 40 X 5MM HOUSING
BODY COVER
EII PIPE
'D'
PIPE 150 mm
10MM SUPPORT
PIPE
SUPPLY PIPE ELEVATION
ELL
BOLTS & NUTS GASKET
STD. PIPE
GONG BOLT LATERAL CLAMP LONGITUDINAL
(EVERY TWO LENGTH OF PIPE) INSTALLATION OF
5 WATER MOTOR ALARM GONG DETAIL 10 TWO-WAY SWAY BRACE 15 ROOF MANIFOLD 17 SEISMIC FLEXIBLE JOINT DETAIL 21 FLANGE CONNECTION DETAIL 25 FLEXIBLE COUPLING
FP-10 FP-10 FP-8 FP-10
FP-8 FP-10 FP-10

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Bicol University

DESIGN, INSTALLATION, OPERATION

January 12, 2016

A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a

Major A Stewart Harrison of the First Engineer Volunteers of London

The fire insurance company offers an annual premium reduction to the

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE ENGINEERING REPORT

The intention of this engineering report is to aid my fellow mechanical engineers

Hotel and motel fire sprinkler system installations open up options to

4. LIMITATION OF THE ENGINEERING REPORT

1. A water storage capacity or adequate running supply, to feed the

5. ENGINEERING DESIGN PROPER

Automatic Sprinkler. A fire suppression or control device that operates

Bathroom. Within a dwelling unit, any room or compartment containing a

Flat Ceiling. A continuous ceiling in a single plane.

Horizontal Ceiling. A ceiling with a slope not exceeding 2 in 12.

Sloped Ceiling. A ceiling with a slope exceeding 2 in 12.

Smooth Ceiling. A continuous ceiling free from significant irregularities, lumps, or

Compartment. A space completely enclosed by walls and a ceiling. The

Drop-Out Ceiling. A suspended ceiling system, which is installed below the

Fire Control. Limiting the size of a fire by distribution of water so as to decrease

Hydraulically Designed System. A calculated sprinkler system in which pipe sizes

Small Rooms. A room of light hazard occupancy classification having

Sprinkler System. For fire protection purposes, an integrated system of

System Working Pressure. The maximum anticipated static (non-flowing) or

Antifreeze Sprinkler System. A wet pipe sprinkler system employing

Circulating Closed-Loop Sprinkler System. A wet pipe sprinkler system

Combined Dry Pipe-Preaction Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system

Deluge Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers that

Dry Pipe Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing automatic

Gridded Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system in which parallel cross mains

Looped Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system in which multiple cross mains

Wet Pipe Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing automatic

5.3. DEFINITION OF SYSTEM COMPONENT

Risers. The vertical supply pipes in a sprinkler system.

Sprig-up. A line that rises vertically and supplies a single sprinkler.

Supervisory Device. A device arranged to supervise the operative

System Riser. The aboveground horizontal or vertical pipe between the

5.4.1. According to design and performance characteristics.

Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinkler. A type of fast-response

Extended Coverage Sprinkler. A type of spray sprinkler with maximum

Large Drop Sprinkler. A type of specific application control mode sprinkler

Nozzles. A device for use in applications requiring special water discharge

Old-Style/Conventional Sprinkler. A sprinkler that directs from 40 percent to

Open Sprinkler. A sprinkler that does not have actuators or heat-

Quick-Response Early Suppression (QRES) Sprinkler. A type of quick

Quick-Response Extended Coverage Sprinkler. A type of quick-response

Quick-Response (QR) Sprinkler. A type of spray sprinkler that meets the

Residential Sprinkler. A type of fast-response sprinkler that meets the

Specific Application Control Mode Sprinkler (for Storage Use). A type of

Standard Spray Sprinkler. A spray sprinkler with maximum coverage areas

5.4.2. According to Orientation.

Concealed Sprinkler. A recessed sprinkler with cover plates.

Pendent Sprinkler. A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that

Sidewall Sprinkler. A sprinkler having special deflectors that are designed

Upright Sprinkler. A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that

5.4.3. According to special application or environment.

Corrosion-Resistant Sprinkler. A sprinkler fabricated with corrosion-resistant

Dry Sprinkler. A sprinkler secured in an extension nipple that has a seal at

Intermediate Level Sprinkler/Rack Storage Sprinkler. A sprinkler equipped

Ornamental/Decorative Sprinkler. A sprinkler that has been painted or

5.5.1. LIGHT HAZARD OCCUPANCIES.

Light hazard occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of