Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) All of the following bacteria are gram-positive. Which does NOT belong with the others? 1)
A) Actinomyces
B) Mycobacterium
C) Listeria
D) Corynebacterium
E) Bacillus
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2) Caulobacter are different from most bacteria in that they 2)

A) have stalks.
B) are gram-positive.
C) are gram-negative.
D) are motile.
E) lack cell walls.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3) Which of the following is the best reason to classify Streptococcus in the Lactobacillales? 3)
A) found in dairy products
B) Gram reaction
C) rRNA sequences
D) fermentation of lactose
E) morphology
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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4) You have isolated a bacterium that grows in a medium containing an organic substrate and nitrate 4)
in the absence of oxygen. The nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas. You can be sure that this bacterium
is
A) gram-positive.
B) a photoheterotroph.
C) using anaerobic respiration.
D) a photoautotroph.
E) a chemoautotroph.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

5) Which of the following statements about the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is 5)
FALSE?
A) It is transmitted by ticks.
B) It is an intracellular parasite.
C) It is gram-negative.
D) It is in the genus Rickettsia.
E) It is found in soil and water.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

6) Both Beggiatoa and the purple sulfur bacteria use H2 S. These bacteria differ in that Beggiatoa 6)
A) uses H2 S for a carbon source.
B) belongs to the gammaproteobacteria.
C) uses H2 S for an energy source.
D) uses light energy.
E) is a heterotroph.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 7) Escherichia coli belongs to the 7)
A) spirochetes.
B) actinomycetes.
C) green sulfur bacteria.
D) gram-positive bacteria.
E) proteobacteria.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

8) The nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria use organic compounds as 8)

A) carbon sources.
B) electron donors to reduce CO2 .
C) oxygen sources.
D) energy sources.
E) electron acceptors.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

9) Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Serratia are all 9)

A) gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods.
B) endospore-forming bacteria.
C) pathogens.
D) fermentative.
E) gram-positive aerobic cocci.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

10) Which of the following is NOT an enteric? 10)

A) Shigella
B) Escherichia
C) Enterobacter
D) Salmonella
E) Campylobacter
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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11) You have isolated a prokaryotic cell. The first step in identification is a(n) 11)
A) Gram stain.
B) DNA fingerprint.
C) endospore stain.
D) flagella stain.
E) lactose fermentation test.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

12) Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? 12)
A) Escherichia
B) Bacillus
C) Lactobacillus
D) Streptococcus
E) Staphylococcus
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

13) The crab industry needs female crabs for growing more crabs. What bacterium might be used to 13)
ensure development of female crabs and shrimp?
A) Neisseria
B) Acinetobacter
C) Gemmata
D) Wolbachia
E) Pelagibacter
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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14) A primary difference between cyanobacteria and purple and green phototrophic bacteria is 14)
A) electron donor for CO2 reduction.
B) color.
C) energy source.
D) cell type.
E) cell wall type.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15) All of the following bacteria are motile. Which does NOT have flagella? 15)
A) Salmonella
B) Pseudomonas
C) spirochetes
D) Escherichia
E) helical bacteria
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

16) Which of the following bacteria are responsible for more infections and more different kinds of 16)
infections?
A) Streptococcus
B) Neisseria
C) Salmonella
D) Pseudomonas
E) Staphylococcus
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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17) You have isolated a bacterium that grows in a medium containing only inorganic nutrients. 17)
Ammonia is oxidized to a nitrate ion. This bacterium is
A) gram-negative.
B) a photoheterotroph.
C) a photoautotroph
D) using anaerobic respiration.
E) a chemoautotroph.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

18) Mycoplasmas differ from other bacteria in that they 18)

A) are gram-negative.
B) are acid-fast.
C) lack a cell wall.
D) are motile.
E) grow inside host cells.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

19) Burkholderia was reclassified from the gammaproteobacteria to the betaproteobacteria because 19)
A) it causes melioidosis.
B) it grows in disinfectants.
C) it is a gram-negative rod.
D) its rRNA sequence is similar to that of Neisseria.
E) it causes infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

20) Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? 20)
A) Campylobacter
B) Pseudomonas
C) Salmonella
D) Bordetella
E) Burkholderia
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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21) Thiobacillus oxidizes inorganic sulfur compounds and reduces CO2 . This bacterium is a 21)
A) photoautotroph.
B) chemoautotroph.
C) gammaproteobacteria.
D) chemoheterotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

22) Which of the following genera is an anaerobic gram-negative rod? 22)

A) Bacteroides
B) Treponema
C) Neisseria
D) Staphylococcus
E) Escherichia
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

23) Which of the following are found primarily in the intestines of humans? 23)
A) endospore-forming rods
B) facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods
C) gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci
D) aerobic, helical bacteria
E) gram-positive cocci
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

24) Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? 24)
A) Staphylococcus
B) Halobacterium
C) Methanobacterium
D) Halococcus
E) Sulfolobus
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 Figure 11.1

25) What is group "c." in the key shown in Figure 11.1? 25)
A) fusobacteria
B) chlamydiae
C) planctomycetes
D) bacteroidetes
E) spirochaetes
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

26) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Neisseria? 26)

A) gram-negative
B) oxidase-positive
C) requires X and V factors
D) cocci
E) Some species are human pathogens.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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27) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 27)
A) mycobacteria acid-fast
B) Pseudomonas gram-positive
C) aerobic, helical bacteria gram-negative
D) spirochete axial filament
E) enterics gram-negative
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

28) You have isolated an aerobic gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium that grows well on 28)
nutrient agar. To which of the following groups does it most likely belong?
A) bacillales
B) deltaproteobacteria
C) phototrophic bacteria
D) gammaproteobacteria
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

29) Which of the following form conidiospores? 29)

A) spiral and curved bacteria
B) anaerobic gram-negative cocci
C) endospore-forming gram-positive rods and cocci
D) actinomycetes and related organisms
E) rickettsias
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

30) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of spirochetes? 30)

A) helical shape
B) gram-negative
C) found in the human oral cavity
D) possess an axial filament
E) easily observed with brightfield microscopy
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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31) You have isolated a gram-positive rod. What should you do next? 31)
A) endospore stain
B) lactose fermentation
C) enterotube
D) flagella stain
E) Gram stain
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

32) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 32)

A) actinomycetes reproduce by fragmentation
B) archaea extremophiles
C) chemoautotrophic bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen
D) Cytophaga a gliding, nonfruiting bacterium
E) dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria produce H2 S
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

33) Which of the following lacks a cell wall? 33)

A) Clostridium
B) Mycobacterium
C) Nocardia
D) Borrelia
E) Mycoplasma
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

34) Streptomyces differs from Actinomyces because Streptomyces 34)

A) is a bacterium.
B) produces conidia.
C) forms filaments.
D) makes antibiotics.
E) is a strict aerobe.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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35) Which of the following do you expect to be MOST resistant to high temperatures? 35)
A) Bacillus subtilis
B) Streptococcocus pyogenes
C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D) Staphylococcus aureus
E) Eschericia coli
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

36) Borrelia is classified as a spirochete because it 36)

A) possesses an axial filament.
B) is transmitted by ticks.
C) is aerobic.
D) is a pathogen.
E) is a rod.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

37) Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others? 37)
A) Wolbachia
B) Rickettsia
C) Staphylococcus
D) Coxiella
E) Ehrlichia
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

38) Which of the following bacteria is gram-positive? 38)

A) Pseudomonas
B) Bacteroides
C) Salmonella
D) Rickettsia
E) Streptococcus
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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39) Which of the following bacteria is gram-negative? 39)
A) Staphylococcus
B) Corynebacterium
C) Bacillus
D) Treponema
E) Mycobacterium
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

40) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic inherent of the non-endospore-forming 40)
gram-positive rods?
A) carry out fermentative metabolism
B) lack cell walls
C) nonpathogenic
D) are aerotolerant
E) display a branched filamentous morphology
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

41) Actinomycetes differ from fungi in that actinomycetes 41)

A) are chemoheterotrophs.
B) cause disease.
C) lack a membrane-bounded nucleus.
D) are decomposers.
E) require light.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

42) Rickettsias differ from chlamydias in that rickettsias 42)

A) form elementary bodies.
B) are enterics.
C) are gram-negative.
D) require an arthropod for transmission.
E) are intracellular parasites.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 43) Requirements for X and V factors are used to identify 43)
A) Haemophilus.
B) Pseudomonas.
C) Staphylococcus.
D) Escherichia.
E) Neisseria.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

44) Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched? 44)

A) elementary body Escherichia
B) heterocyst cyanobacteria
C) myxospore gliding bacteria
D) endospore Clostridium
E) endospore Bacillus
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

45) Staphylococcus and Streptococcus can be easily differentiated in a laboratory by which one of the 45)
following?
A) Gram stain reaction
B) cell shape
C) ability to cause disease
D) glucose fermentation
E) growth in high salt concentrations
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

46) The human body is typically free of archaeal species. 46)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

47) The deinococci can be categorized as extremophiles. 47)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

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 48) The Gram stain is not suitable for identifying members of the Archaea. 48)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

49) The majority of bacterial species on Earth have not been successfully cultivated. 49)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

50) Currently, no members of Archaea have been linked to human disease. 50)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

51) All gram-negative bacteria are classified as proteobacteria. 51)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

52) Two distinguishing factors of the epsilonproteobacteria that they are motile and microaerophilic. 52)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

53) Photosynthetic organisms always produce oxygen gas as a metabolic byproduct. 53)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

54) Myxobacteria are classified as actinobacteria due to fungal-like lifestyle. 54)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

55) Bacterial predators such as Bdellovibrio are members of the betaproteobacteria. 55)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

56) The use of culture-independent techniques has increased our understanding of microbial diversity without
cultivation. Therefore, do microbiologists still need to attempt to grow new microbial species? Explain.
Answer:

57) Explain the rationale for using molecular data for classification, in the place of morphology.
Answer:

58) A colleague proposes that the Archaea may be the oldest life forms currently inhabiting Earth. Do you agree?
Explain.
Answer:

59) Bacteroides and Escherichia are both gram-negative rods found in the large intestine. Why are they in different
phyla?
Answer:

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Answer Key
Testname: C11

1) C
2) A
3) C
4) C
5) E
6) C
7) E
8) B
9) A
10) E
11) A
12) A
13) D
14) A
15) C
16) A
17) E
18) C
19) D
20) C
21) B
22) A
23) B
24) A
25) E
26) C
27) B
28) A
29) D
30) E
31) A
32) C
33) E
34) E
35) A
36) A
37) C
38) E
39) D
40) C
41) C
42) D
43) A
44) A
45) E
46) FALSE
47) TRUE
48) FALSE
49) TRUE
50) TRUE
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Answer Key
Testname: C11

51) FALSE
52) TRUE
53) FALSE
54) FALSE
55) FALSE
56)
57)
58)
59)

16