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Abdullah Al Rabea
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All content following this page was uploaded by Abdullah Al Rabea on 01 March 2016.
By
Abdullah Alrabea
201223400 – 214- 80/12
Major: Civil Engineering.
For
Mr. Jeffery Jameson
Academic and Professional Communication
English 214
Abstract
Construction waste leads to disasters, and the solution for that consists of 5 steps. For
one, bring an end of being a part of causing waste by prevention. On the other hand, waste can
be managed by recycling, reusing, recovering, and last option is to clearance or disposal. Also,
other factors such as economical and marketing are considered to be effective answers.
i
Table of Contents
List of illustrations 1
1. INTRODUCTION 2
2. BACKGROUND 2
2.1 Definition. 2
2.2 Waste Composition. 2
3. FORMS OF WASTE. 3
CONCLUSIONS 7
RECOMMENDATIONS 7
REFERENCES 8
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List of illistrations:
Figure (1): C&D waste average composition. 3
Figure (2):Waste Hierarchy Summary. 5
Figure (3): Recycling waste. 5
Figure (4): Waste to energy. 6
Figure (5): Burning waste. 6
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1. INTRODUCTION.
This Report is on construction waste issues and what should be done for it. Environmental
problems are believed to be a disaster. However, there is a little or no directing on how wastes can
be harmful to the surround. Therefore, since I have taken several civil engineering courses in the
field during my junior and sophomore educational years at KFUPM, I see myself qualified to write
a report on this subject.
This report will include some background with a definition, aspects of construction waste,
forms of waste, and the key solution for all discussed construction issues. Details will be highly
focused on demolition and construction. In addition, it will be of interest to Civil Engineering,
Architectural Engineering, and the others who would like to know more about how to have a
healthy environment out of waste.
2. BACKGROUND.
2.1 Definition
According to Tam, C., & Tam, V. (2006) waste is any material, which is created by human
or industrial actions that has no residual value. Many solid waste quantities are left as a result from
C&D, such as concrete, wood, bricks, rock, soil, iron, and glass. Not only demolition can cause this
waste, but also disasters are capable of doing worse. When a disaster attacks, particularly in heavily
populated places, massive amounts of construction and other types of wastes are unexpectedly
produced, demanding instant attention (Lauritzen,1998, p45). For instance, the great Hanshin Awaji
earthquake in 1995, according to Lauritzen (1998, p45) it costed 5400 lives and 40,000 other
injured, leaving 20 million tons meter cube waste quantities.
C&D waste is formed mainly by materials such as concrete, wood, glass, sand, bricks, and
other construction elements. According to Brown, Seville, & Milke (2011, p1088) waste
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composition is impacted by the environment, weather, or heat in that area. More details about that
will be deliberated in 3.1.
It is well known that depending on their nature and built environment impacts, forms of
waste are different (Brown, Milke & Seville, 2011, p1085). Accordingly, they cause direct physical
damages to the environment.
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3.2 Economical Waste.
Lacking of economic incentives, promoting recycling performance will not be easy
(Kartam, Al-Mutairi, Al-Ghusain, & Al-Humoud, 2004, p1052). However, with the understanding
that there is a slight economic invention, it is possible. The progress of collecting C&D waste
materials, recycling them, and finally selling them, costs a considerable price for companies
besides. Beside, cheap disposal is driving builders, contractors or demolition people to take the
cheapest way ignoring all other possibilities. Therefore, according to Kartam, Al-Mutairi, Al-
Ghusain & Al-Humoud (2004, p1052) the key is to apply the idea of the polluter pays principle is
important, which is totally legal. This will make manufactures decreases environment impacts by
growing existing industrial operations of recycled products.
The way to reduce construction waste is by following a specific system includes five stages,
which will be fully discussed in this section.
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Disposal
Other recovery
Recycling
Prevetion
4.2.1 Reusing.
It is using the same material again with the same usage without turning it to any
other form (Curran, 2014, p16). For example, consuming bricks taken from demolished houses in
building another one.
4.2.2 Reycling.
It is turning materials into other useful forms
when directly reusing is not possible (Curran, 2014, p11).
Various components of C&D waste can be recycled. For
instance, according to Kartam, Al-Mutairi, Al-Ghusain, &
Al-Humoud (2014, p1051) metals have the highest
recycling percentage over the materials recovered from
C&D sites. Metals such as steel which has high value and
very recoverable.
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4.2.3 Recovery.
4.2.4 Disposal.
Disposal is the last choice should be
considered, as it means removing, sometimes
materials are unusable after first usage. Therefore,
in this case burning and landfill is included. But this
is not finest solution should be considered, because
it also has negative impacts on environment.
Carefully the previous key must be studied before
jumping to this conclusion. As it is one of the main
reasons for pollution.
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electrical conductivity, fatigue resistance, tensile strength, fire resistance, thermal conductivity, and
law coefficient of thermal expansion. It can be used in many fields such as civil engineering,
aircraft, sport, military, home, medicine, and industries.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, waste is defined as unwanted materials cause disasters. C&D waste structure
is generated essentially by wood, concrete, glass, and sand. Types of wastes are demolition
manufacturing and economical. And to stop waste, reuse, recover, or recycle, unwanted materials.
Advertising plans for efficient supplies, also takes a big part to eliminate waste. Hopefully, in the
future as communities realize risks of C&D waste, we will see many applications to minimize
waste, and we will have a healthy environment.
RECOMMENDATIONS
C&D waste is not an easy challenge for us to go through. However, urgent actions needed
to be taken in order to eliminate waste to the environment. The following recommendations will
help minimizing the waste.
1. In buildings, builders should use the required amounts of materials as needed not more.
3. Before demolition, owners should either exchange, sell, or donate building useful materials to
different administrations.
4. Reading and knowing more on construction management is essential especially for constructors
and engineers.
5. Marketing for non-waste-able supplies which can be used repeatedly, will reduce much waste.
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REFERENCES
Curran, H. (2014, May 9). Draft construction environmental management plan. Retrieved from
http://infrastructure.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/wp-content/ipc/uploads/projects/EN020001/2.
Post-Submission/Application Documents/Environmental Statement/5.26.2 ES Draft CEMP
Appendix 1 - Outline Waste Management Plan.pdf
Gite, B.E., & Margai, S. R. (2013, May 17). Carbon fibre as a recent material use in construction.
Civil Engineering Portal.Retrieved from http://www.engineeringcivil.com/carbon-fibre-as-a-
recent-material-use-in-construction.html
Kartam, N., Al-Mutairi, N., Al-Ghusain, I., & Al-Humoud, J. (2004). Environmental management
of construction and demolition waste in Kuwait. Waste Management, 24(10), 1049,1059-
1049,1059. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2004.06.003
Lauritzen, E. (1998, October). Emergency construction waste management. Safety Science, 30(1,2),
45,53-45,53. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(98)00032-0
Milke, M., Brown, C., & Seville, E. (2011). Disaster waste management. Waste Management,
31(6), 1085,1098-1085,1098. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.01.027
Tam, C., & Tam, V. (2006). A review on the viable technology for construction waste recycling.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 47(3), 1049,1059-1049,1059. Retrieved from
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.12.002
Zafar, S. (2015, March 28). Solid waste management in Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from
http://www.ecomena.org/solid-waste-management-in-saudi-arabia/