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CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW

PARTICLE DYNAMICS

Arranged by :
NAME : Khairul Afni
ID : 4173332001
CLASS : Bilingual Chemistry Education 2017

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS


UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
2017/ 2018
List of The Content
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Dynamics is a branch of mechanics that studies the motion of objects /
particles with the concept of space and time by showing the cause of movement of
the object / particle. To move an object requires a force, also to dismiss it.
Style intuinsi, defined as the impetus or attraction of an object. Style does
not always cause motion. Style is a vector quantity. The tool for measuring the
magnitude (strength) of the force is the spring balance.
To know the relationship of force and motion, imagine observations
involving horizontal motion.
The dynamics issue consists of two parts:
1) Specify the environmental impact specifications on the system.
Quantitatively the effect of this environment is expressed through the
concept of force, namely that the environmental influence of the object will
give force to the system, called the law of force.
2) Determine how the forces of the environment affect the state of the motion
system. The link between force and motion is called the law of motion. This
law of motion is expressed by three basic laws known as Newton's laws.
CHAPTER II
Summary of The Books
A. Book’s Identity
There are 2 (two) books, that is:
BOOK A
Title : Fisika Umum I
Title of The Chapter : Particle Dynamics
Name of Author : Prof. Drs. Motlan, M. Sc, Ph.D.
Drs. Jurubahasa Sinuraya, M. Pd
Publisher : UNIMED PRESS
Publish Date :2017
Number of Pages :40 – 51
BOOK B
Title : Fisika Dasar 1
Title of The Chapter : Particle Dynamics
Name of Author : Motlan Sirait
Eidi Sihombing
Publisher : Citapustaka Mediaperintis
Publish Date : 2010
Number of Pages : 56 – 59

B. Summary
BOOK A
Dynamics is a branch of mechanics that studies the motion of objects /
particles with the concept of space and time by showing the cause of movement of
the object / particle. To move an object requires a force, also to dismiss it.
A. Newton's Laws of Motion
a. Law I Newton
Newton's Law states that every object remains in a stationary state or
moves at a fixed rate along the line, unless it is given a total (∑ 𝐹) nonzero force.
Mathematically formulated:
∑𝐹 = 0 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚 ; 𝑉 = 0 𝐺𝐿𝐵 ; 𝑎 = 0
The tendency of an object to maintain a stationary state or its fixed motion
on a straight line is called inertia. Thus, the law of Newton I also called the Law of
Inertia or the Law of Inertia means things that silence want to keep silent and
moving objects want to move on.
b. Newton's Second Law
From experience we know that an object in a state of silence will not move
by itself, must be done by others through an urgency or pull. To speed up and slow
down the motion of an object then the force is required. In these events we can also
conclude that force is necessary because it has an inertia.
From the above statement it can be concluded that inertia is "the nature of
matter that causes the necessary force to be done on the object so that it is
accelerated"
c. Newton’s Third Law
Newton's Law III states
That when an object gives a force to a second object, it gives the same
force as opposite to the first object.
Mathematically written:
Action = - Reaction
Action and reaction work on different objects.
d. Newton's Law Application
friction exists between two solid surfaces because the most slippery
surface is actually very rough on a microscope scale.

BOOK B
Dynamics is the study of motion of objects and their relationship with
external net styles (environments). The environment can affect the motion state of
an object. The influence can affect the motion state of an object. The influence can
be formulated in the form of a mathematical formulation to determine the final
motion, provided that the initial state of the object is determined.
The dynamics issue consists of two parts:
1) Specify the environmental impact specifications on the system.
Quantitatively the effect of this environment is expressed through the
concept of force, namely that the environmental influence of the object will
give force to the system, called the law of force.
2) Determine how the forces of the environment affect the state of the motion
system. The link between force and motion is called the law of motion. This
law of motion is expressed by three basic laws known as Newton's laws.
The force is a vector quantity and follows the rules of vector operation. The
magnitude and direction of the style depend on the type of system and environment
being reviewed and expressed by force law.
A. Mass And Inertia
The typical plane of any body is the mass that determines the magnitude
of the interaction of matter with other objects. The interaction between two mass
bodies is expressed in the law of universal gravitation. This law states that the force
acting between two particles of mass M and m is proportional to the mass of each
particle and inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the two particles.
The direction of force which is the result of a tug-of-war interaction along the line
connecting the two particles. Mathematically this gravitational force is written as:
𝑀𝑚
𝐹=𝐺 (−𝑟̂ )
𝑟2

B. Newton's Laws

1. Law I Newton's Motion


When the resultant external force is equal to zero, the velocity of the fixed
object and the object is perpendicularly straight or silent. Since speed is a relative
quantity, that is, the speed depends on the reference frame used, the statement that
the velocity of the object does not change also depends on the frame of reference.
The terms of reference to which Newton's reasoning above applies are called
inertial terms of reference. Thus Newton's law can be expressed as follows:
In an inertial framework, every object will remain in a stationary state or
move straight uniformly, unless it is forced to alter the state by forces from the
environment in which objects are situated. It can be said that Newton's first law is
a definition for the inertial framework.
2. Newton's Law II
Newton's Law II states the relationship between forces and changes in
motion state quantitatively. Newton states that the rate of change in the quantity of
motion of a particle is equal to the resultant force acting on the particle. In a
language that is easily understood, what is meant by the quantity of motion is
defined as the momentum 𝑝⃗, the following:
⃗⃗⃗ = 𝒎𝒗
𝑷 ⃗⃗
Where: m is the mass of particles and v ⃗ is its velocity. Mathematically
this second law can be written as follows:
𝒅 𝒅
⃗𝑭⃗ = ⃗𝑷
⃗⃗ = (𝒎𝒗
⃗⃗)
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
⃗⃗
𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒎
=𝒎 + ⃗𝒗⃗
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
In classical mechanics the mass of the particle is constant then of equation
𝑑 ⃗⃗
𝑑𝑣
4) the price 𝑑𝑡(m) = 0 being = 𝑎⃗such that the equation becomes:
𝑑𝑡

𝒅
⃗𝑭⃗ = 𝒎 ⃗⃗ = 𝒎 𝒂
𝒗 ⃗⃗
𝒅𝒕
This form of equation is peculiar to Newton's law and should be used only
when the mass of a particle is independent of time (constant) or object during its
mass movements does not change. In addition, the vector equation is equivalent to
the following three scalar equations, in which the force or the force component in
all equations is the resultant force acting on the body:

∑ 𝑭𝒙 = 𝒎 𝒂𝒙 ; ∑ 𝑭𝒚 = 𝒎 𝒂𝒚 ; ∑ 𝑭𝒛 = 𝒎 𝒂𝒛

3. Newton's Law III Newton's Motion


Each mechanical force always appears in pairs one called action and the
other is called a reaction, such that the action = - reaction. To find out which action
and which reaction is not so important, both are important.
The nature of the reaction action pairs is as follows:
a) Big same.
b) The opposite direction.
c) Work on a different object (one working on another A object working on
object B). The action-reaction pairs that meet these three traits (a s / d c are
referred to meet the weak form of Newton's III law).
d) Located on a straight line. The action-reaction pairs that meet these four
properties (a s / d d) are called to meet Newton's powerful legal form III.
4. Couples of Free-Body Reactions and Diagrams
To illustrate the action-reaction of some systems and environments, what
needs to be understood is not what forces arise, but the reasoning we can describe
the style diagram provided by a system and its environment.
Therefore, to solve the problem should be focused on the forces acting on
the system only, while the forces acting on the environment are ignored. A diagram
depicting forces acting on a system is called a free-body diagram.
If an object is tied with a rope close to the surface of the earth, it will find
two environments for the earth and rope. Because of that there are certainly two
forces that work on things.
5. Moving Style With Rope
To continue the style from one place to another is often used rope.
According to Newton's III law
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2
𝐹2 = −𝐹
6. Case of Dynamics
The systematic use of Newton's Law in solving dynamic problems can generally
apply the following steps:
a) Determine the object or collection of objects to be studied motion. This
object or set of objects is called "system".
b) Notice the "environment" of the system (eg earth, sloping, spring, rope,
etc.) that may affect the system directly.
c) Draw the system separately along with the forces (from the environment)
that work on it. This image is called free body style diagram. The magnitude
and direction of the forces are determined by the law of the system style and
the environment in question.
d) If the forces that exist, do not lie in a straight line, we create a coordinate
system. The orientation of axes can be chosen to be most advantageous
when the orientation of the axis is chosen so that most forces lie on the axis.
e) Describe the forces that have not yet laid on the coordinate axis of the
components.
f) Apply Newton's law for each component separately.
When the system consists of several interrelated objects or parts, it is
necessary to consider the constraints that must be perceived by the parts. Usually
this constraint can be translated into the relationship between the acceleration of
each object.
7. Friction
Two touching objects will give each other a contact style. If the touch plane is not
slippery then the force of the kintak has components along the touch plane called
friction force. The friction force for a stationary object is called the static swing
force ()𝑓𝑠 , and the friction force for the moving object is called the kinetic frictional
force (𝑓𝑘 ). The direction of this frictional force is always along the touch plane and
trying to resist the relative motion of the touch field.
8. Dynamic Circular Motion
In circular motion, there is a change of velocity (acceleration) that changes direction
and speed. This acceleration is called centripetal acceleration because its direction
is always toward the center of the arch. According to Newton's law the equations
of motion are:
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑚𝑣 −2
𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2
𝑠𝑝 = −𝑚𝜔 𝑟⃗ = 𝑟⃗
𝑟⃗
This equation is used if a style law is specified for 𝐹⃗
CHAPTER III
THE STRENGTHS OF TEXTBOOK CONTENTS
BOOK A
Has an interesting cover, the language used is easy to understand, and the
discussion is interesting.

BOOK B

An attractive cover and a brief discussion can easily take the essence.
CHAPTER IV

THE DISADVANTAGES OF TEXTBOOK CONTENTS

BOOK A

This book is not very detailed explaining every explanation contained therein.

BOOK B

This book is not very interesting because there is no picture of the inventor or the
picture of his explanation.
CHAPTER V
CONLUSION AND SUGGESTION

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