İNGİLİZCE (SOSYAL BİLİMLER)

2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A

A
4. The Geographic Information System was
1 - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan introduced for the first time in 1964 to help
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi scientists conduct research much more -------
bulunuz. and accurately.

A) formerly
B) rapidly
C) kindly
D) rarely
E) recently

1. The African National Congress was

İL
established by the representatives of African
people in 1922 to defend their freedom -------
their rights. 5. The agreement, which has been issued -------
the World Trade Organization, advises its
A) in order to members ------- support sustainable
B) in case of development in international trade.
C) as long as A) at / from
D) in contrast to B) with / out
E) as well as
KD
C) in / by
D) by / to
E) for / at

2. Aristotle’s father died when he was still

young, and he was ------- by his uncle,
Proxenus. 6. In November 1939, the Soviet troops -------
Finland after the Finns ------- to surrender a
A) taken off key territory to Joseph Stalin.
YÖ

B) filled in
A) invaded / refused
C) brought up
B) invade / are refusing
D) came down
C) had to invade / refuse
E) closed off
D) were invading / have refused
E) would invade / were refusing

3. Although a blog or a personal online diary

seems like an intimate journal, it actually 7. The best way to explore a new place is to
occupies a ------- writing space rather than a travel on foot ------- you are under pressure
private one. for time.

A) public A) so
B) challenging B) unless
C) gentle C) such
D) crucial D) now that
E) rare E) besides

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2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
A
8. Malaria killed -------- many early European 11. Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick, who ------- as
people in West Africa -------- Europeans an officer in the Prussian Army in 1740, -------
nicknamed this territory the ‘‘white person’s a friend of Frederick the Great.
grave.’’
A) has been appointed / will become
A) such / as B) could be appointed / might become
B) too / to C) was appointed / became
C) so / that D) is appointed / has become
D) a lot / than E) will be appointed / was becoming
E) most / of

İL
KD 12. In the past, travelling ------- about getting to
9. ------- Greenland is generally not considered the destination in the shortest amount of
much of a tourist destination, it offers some time; but these days, travellers ------- relaxing
spectacular sights like its colossal ice sheet, and pleasurable journeys.
a lively seascape, and precious wildlife.
A) could be / were seeking
A) Thanks to B) is / seek
B) As long as C) had been / had sought
C) In case D) used to be / are seeking
D) Just as E) might be / sought
E) Even though
YÖ

13. Research shows that women and men look at

10. Over the last 60 years, Britain has faces and absorb visual information in
experienced some significant political -------, different ways; -------, it is thought that there
but one state figure has remained the same: is a gender difference in the understanding
the Queen. of visual cues.

A) possessions A) due to
B) abilities B) therefore
C) acceptances C) on the contrary
D) transformations D) nevertheless
E) industries E) however

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2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
A
14. ------- the difficulty of finding scientific 18. Digital photography, a radical break with the
evidence related to its origin, studies have past, has changed -------- the means to take
provided valuable insights into the nature photographs -------- the way they are stored.
and development of language.
A) rather / than
A) As well as B) both / and
B) In addition C) as / as
C) Due to D) so / that
D) However E) neither / or
E) In spite of

İL
15. English is a language that has ------- across
the globe and is now spoken all over the
world.

A) spread
B) prevented
KD
C) dedicated 19. Before banknotes and coins -------, people
D) thrown used a variety of other objects for trading
E) created goods.

A) introduced
B) are introduced
C) be introduced
D) were introducing
E) were introduced

16. ------- happened to mammoths remained a

mystery until the anthropologist Russell
YÖ

Graham discovered that they simply ran out

of water 5,600 years ago.

A) Where
B) How
C) Which
D) What
E) When

20. Since Iron Man, a ground-breaking movie

------- in 2008, Marvel and its parent company,
17. It is almost impossible to find a single policy Disney, ------- about two superhero films a
approved by everyone ------- people are very year, grossing upwards of $8.3 billion
different from one another. globally.

A) until A) was premiering / are producing

B) whereas B) has premiered / used to produce
C) because C) will premiere / had produced
D) so that D) premiered / have produced
E) while E) has been premiering / produce

3
2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
A
23.
21 - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen A) such as
sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. B) since
C) as
D) though
E) so
In the late 4th millennium B.C. the valley and
delta of the River Nile ---21--- into the twin
kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt. ---22--- the
next 3,000 years, Egypt was ruled by thirty-two
dynasties of kings. One title for an Egyptian king
was Pharaoh (meaning ‘Great House’), and so
this great span of time is often known ---23--- the
Pharaonic Period. For much of the 3rd and 2nd
millennia B.C., Egypt was the ---24--- and the

İL
most powerful nation in the Ancient Near East.
Even after Egypt lost its political ---25--- in the
late 1st millennium B.C., its culture and religion
survived to influence those of Greece and Rome.
KD
24.
A) wealthier
B) wealthier than
C) as wealthy as
D) wealthy
21. E) wealthiest
A) were formed
B) are being formed
C) have formed
YÖ

D) form
E) forming

22. 25.
A) Between A) power
B) Over B) weakness
C) Off C) mobility
D) With D) knowledge
E) Since E) destruction

4
2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
A
28.
26 - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen A) in other words
sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. B) even though
C) for instance
D) otherwise
The idea of human rights has grown ---26--- in E) however
influence since the United Nations endorsed the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.
However, the concept itself can be traced back
much further, to the idea of natural rights ---27---
played a central role in the earlier stages of
liberal political philosophy. John Locke, ---28---,
claimed that all men had natural rights to life,
liberty, and property. The Universal Declaration’s

İL
list of rights is ---29--- more extensive. Besides
rights that directly protect liberty, it also includes
others ---30--- effect is to provide people with
access to material benefits, such as the right to
work, the right to an adequate standard of living,
and the right to education.
KD
29.
A) none
B) few
C) many
26. D) any
E) much
A) mutually
B) steadily
C) severely
YÖ

D) decreasingly
E) adversely

27. 30.
A) in which A) when
B) what B) where
C) who C) what
D) that D) whose
E) whether E) how

5
2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
33. When the British colonization of Australia
31 - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
İL
31. Many analyses of advertising try to make a
distinction between informative and
persuasive advertising, -------.
A) since they find the distinction quite
34. Online
KD
unnecessary when applied to other fields
B) unless they consent to establishing a new
order in this field of study
C) but in reality the line between the two is
often too difficult to draw
D) because such divisions or categories have
not existed in cartoons
E) these people, therefore, are generally
biased against any types of advertising
YÖ
35. Unlike the Greek empires which it gradually
32. If two groups of people speaking different
languages have been in contact for a long
time, -------.
A) it is a well-known fact that newborns learn
how to speak by imitating their parents
B) how certain species of animals
communicate still remains a mystery
C) the speakers of Japanese would get better
at learning new vocabulary
D) there are new linguistics theories about the
languages spoken by minorities
E) their languages are likely to show certain
similarities
6
A
began in 1788, -------.
A) it is widely known that many aboriginal
traditions are associated with spiritual
awakening
B) there were two hundred or more Aboriginal
language communities within the continent
C) there is still limited information about the
lifestyles of aboriginal communities in
Australia
D) many anthropological studies have been
conducted in areas remote from European
settlement
E) there is an existent relationship between
European expansionism and slave trade
multiplayer games are often
associated with anti-social behaviour -------.
A) due to the fact that gamers develop a false
sense of identity in that virtual community
B) since studies have found that we are good
at distinguishing between real and virtual
violence
C) despite evidence suggesting that
face-to-face interactions are more rewarding
than playing computer games
D) although numerous studies about the effects
of games on the brain had been published
E) whereas there is some concern that video
games make young people more violent
replaced, --------.
A) the succeeding empires also used the same
military strategies, which they perfected in
time
B) the Roman empire imitated many institutions
of the Greek empires, from education to law
C) the Romans adopted many aspects and
characteristics of Greek theatre
D) the political system of the empire was mainly
based on Greek institutions
E) the Roman Empire depended on non-native
administrators from diverse cultural
backgrounds
2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
36. In July 1553, Mary Tudor came to the throne
of England -------.
A) although Mary had received the support of
her cousin
B) because such stereotypes existed in many
countries in the world
C) because Mary’s crown was left to her sister,
Elizabeth
D) however, England had not come under the
control of a foreign prince
E) despite her brother’s efforts to replace her
with Lady Jane Grey
İL
37. When art is produced using craft methods or
manual skills, -------.
A)
KD
art was not generally a good investment,
certainly not over the long term
B) the great majority of them tend to produce
tiny editions for very high prices
C) the quantity of any artist’s work is restricted,
and priced accordingly
D) there were artists who believed that
technology should be an essential part of art
E) photographs, CDs or videos are distributed
around the world in large numbers
YÖ
38. In most circumstances, the production of a
musical is very difficult, ------- .
A) since Mozart tailored his work exactly to the
cast available for the Prague premiere in
1787
B) since the greatest pains must be taken in
casting singers of the right vocal weight and
temperament
C) but the recording taken from the opening
night of the 1950 Salzburg Festival was
marked as a failure
D) as long as such an orchestra performs
ambient music and meets audience
expectations
E) though it seems hard to categorize it into
various subclasses in accordance with its
official description in books
7
A
39. -------, technically it is not the date on which
the colonies voted to become a new nation.
A) Though Americans have long celebrated
Independence Day on July 4
B) While the Second World War was still raging
and many people were dying
C) When the agreement between the two
parties was signed
D) As long as Third World countries’ debt
continues to increase at this rate
E) Because it was just one of the turning points
in the history of the nation
40. Because traditional societies expect females
to spend more time with their families than
males do, -------.
A) female employees might face certain
difficulties in the workplace
B) many male workers have complained about
the lack of well-paid jobs
C) the percentage of women in the workforce
has increased substantially
D) people working in the same work place are
called colleagues
E) it is expected to be established in the near
future
41. Of the seven operas that Monteverdi
composed, ------- .
A) opera had already become firmly
established as an art form thanks to him
B) his unique style somehow went unnoticed in
his lifetime
C) it was produced and performed in Venice in
the early 1640s
D) only three have survived, including Orfeo,
first performed in 1607
E) it was only considered to be an
entertainment for the royal family
2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
44. The rich culture, romantic mythology and
42 - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce
cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi
bulunuz.
42. Archaeology is usually thought to be
synonymous with digging, but some
archaeologists never excavate or very few
spend most of their time on it.
İL
A) Arkeoloji ve kazı kelimelerinin eşanlamlı
olduğu düşünülür, ancak arkeologların
birçoğu kazılara katılmazken, bazıları da
buna çok az vakit ayırır.
B) Arkeoloji ve kazı yapmak çoğu zaman bir
tutulsa da bazı arkeologlar bu işi çok
önemsemez ya da bu işe pek zaman
ayırmaz.
KD
C) Arkeolojinin genellikle kazı yapmakla eş
anlamlı olduğu düşünülür, ancak bazı
arkeologlar hiç kazı yapmazlar ya da çok azı
zamanının çoğunu kazı yaparak geçirir.
D) Kazı yapmak genellikle arkeolojinin zıt
anlamlı olarak görülür, çünkü bazı
arkeologlar neredeyse hiç kazı yapmaz ya
da buna çok zaman ayırmaz.
E) Arkeoloji ve kazı yapmak genellikle bir
tutulur, ancak çoğu arkeolog hiç kazı
yapmazken çok azı bu konuya yeterince
zaman ayırır.
YÖ
45. Descartes and many of his contemporaries
43. Finding traces of our Palaeolithic ancestors
is extremely difficult, since they had very
little impact upon their surroundings.
A) Paleolitik atalarımızın izlerini bulmanın
zorluğu kendi çevrelerinde hiç iz bırakmamış
olmalarından kaynaklanır.
B) Paleolitik atalarımızın izlerini bulmak
oldukça zordur, çünkü kendi çevreleri
üzerinde çok az etki bırakmışlardır.
C) Paleolitik atalarımızın kendi çevrelerine
etkilerinin yetersiz olduğu düşünüldüğünde
izlerini bulmak da zorlaşır.
D) Paleolitik atalarımız çevreleri üzerinde daha
fazla etkiye sahip olsaydı, izlerini bulmak bu
kadar zor olmayacaktı.
E) Çevrelerinde çok az etki bıraktıkları için
Paleolitik atalarımızın izini sürmek her
zaman son derece zor olmuştur.
8
A
sophisticated political system of ancient
Rome still intrigue and inspire people today.
A) Zengin kültürü, romantik mitolojisi ve
oldukça gelişmiş politik sistemi sayesinde
Eski Roma bugün bile bizi şaşırtmakta ve
ilgimizi çekmektedir.
B) Zengin kültürü, mitolojisi ve gelişmiş politik
anlayışına rağmen, Eski Roma bugün hâlâ
insanlardan hak ettiği ilgiyi görememektedir.
C) Eski Roma’nın kültürü, romantik mitolojisi ve
zengin politik sistemi bugün bile insanlara
ilginç gelmeye ve ilham vermeye devam
etmektedir.
D) Eski Roma, zengin kültürü, romantik
mitolojisi ve gelişmiş politik sistemiyle bugün
hâlâ birçok insanda merak uyandırmakta ve
onları etkilemektedir.
E) Eski Roma’nın zengin kültürü, romantik
mitolojisi ve gelişmiş politik sistemi bugün
hâlâ insanların merakını uyandırmakta ve
onlara ilham vermektedir.
wanted Medieval views to move aside and
make room for a modern conception of
science.
A) Descartes ve birçok çağdaşı Ortaçağa ait
görüşlerin bir kenara çekilip modern bir bilim
anlayışına yer açmasını istemişlerdir.
B) Descartes ve birçok çağdaşı Ortaçağa ait
tüm inanışları ortadan kaldırarak modern bir
bilim anlayışına yer açmayı amaçlamışlardır.
C) Descartes ve çağdaşlarının Ortaçağa ait
görüşleri çürüterek modern bir bilim anlayışı
oluşturmayı istedikleri düşünülür.
D) Descartes da çağdaşlarının birçoğu gibi
ortaçağa ait görüşleri eleştirerek modern bir
bilim anlayışına yer açılmasının gerekliliğini
savundu.
E) Descartes ve birçok çağdaşı Ortaçağa ait
görüşleri temelden sarsacak modern bir
bilim anlayışını ortaya koydular.
2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
A
46. When designing a workplace, it is important
to take into consideration how the space will 48 - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye
affect both the employees and clients. anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi
bulunuz.
A) Bir işyeri tasarlarken, mekânın çalışanları ve
müşterileri nasıl etkileyeceğini göz önünde
bulundurmak önemlidir.
B) Bir işyeri tasarlarken düşünülmesi gereken
en önemli unsurlardan birisi de mekânın
çalışanlar ve müşteriler üzerinde yaratacağı
etkidir.
C) Mekânın müşteriler üzerinde ne tür etkiler
yaratacağı, bir işyeri tasarlarken 48. Tüketim kültürüne artan bağlılık sadece
düşünülmesi gereken bir unsurdur. iktisadi refahın değil, aynı zamanda
D) Bir işyeri tasarlarken önemli konuların toplumsal değerlerdeki önemli değişimlerin
başında mekânın, çalışanlar ve müşteriler de bir işaretidir.

İL
üzerinde yaratacağı etki gelmelidir.
A) Significant changes in economic prosperity
E) Yeni bir işyeri tasarlarken, hesaba katılması
gereken unsurlardan biri de mekânın and social values are a sign of growing
çalışanları ve müşterileri nasıl commitment to consumer culture.
etkileyeceğidir. B) Growing commitment to consumer culture
brought with it some significant changes in
economic prosperity and social values.
C) Growing commitment to consumer culture
KD led to significant changes not only in
economic prosperity but also in social
values.
D) With the growing commitment to consumer
culture, there occurred significant changes
in economic prosperity as well as in social
values.
E) Growing commitment to consumer culture is
not only a sign of economic prosperity but
also significant changes in social values.
YÖ

47. Attempts to change others’ opinions are

older than recorded history and it is thought
to have originated with the development of 49. Edebiyat, diller ve toplumlar arasındaki
speech. farklılık ve benzerlikleri incelemek ve
anlamak için bir araçtır.
A) Başkalarının görüşlerini değiştirme
girişimleri konuşmanın gelişmesiyle ortaya A) Literature is a means to examine and
çıkmıştır ve yazılı tarihten bile daha eskidir. understand the differences and similarities
B) Başkalarının görüşlerini değiştirme çabaları among languages and societies.
konuşmayla ortaya çıkmıştır ama bu B) Literature is a good way of understanding
durumun yazılı tarih kadar eski olduğu the differences and similarities between
düşünülür. languages and societies.
C) Konuşmanın gelişimiyle ortaya çıkan C) There are various means to understand the
başkalarının görüşlerini değiştirme differences and similarities among
çabalarının, yazılı tarih kadar eski olduğu languages and societies, and literature is
iddia edilmektedir. one of them.
D) Başkalarının görüşlerini değiştirme D) Literature examines the differences and
girişimleri yazılı tarihten daha eskidir ve similarities of languages and societies in
bunun, konuşmanın gelişmesiyle ortaya order to understand them.
çıktığı düşünülür. E) Examining and understanding the
E) Yazılı tarih kadar eski olan konuşmanın, differences and similarities among
başkalarının görüşlerini değiştirme languages is the primary function of
girişimleriyle ortaya çıktığına inanılır. literature.

9
2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
50. Çocuğunuzun bir yabancı dilde akıcı olmasını
veya bir konser piyanisti olarak yetişmesini
istiyorsanız, yapmanız gereken, onun ilgili
eğitime mümkün olduğu kadar erken
başlamasını sağlamaktır.
A) As you want your child to be fluent in a
foreign language, or grow up to be a concert
pianist, the advice is to force him/her to start
training at an early age.
B) If you wish your child to become fluent in a
foreign language, or grow up to be a concert
pianist, what you have to do is to make sure
he/she starts related training as early as
possible.
C) If you hope that your child will become fluent
İL
in a foreign language, or become a pianist,
then you should encourage him/her to start
these activities at an early age.
D) If you would like to see your child become
fluent in a foreign language and a concert
pianist, all you have to do is to make him/her
start as soon as possible.
E) Whether you want your child to master a
KD
foreign language, or grow up to be a concert
pianist, the suggestion will be that he/she
should start training as soon as possible.
YÖ
51. Birleşmiş Milletler’in amaçlarından biri,
insan haklarının önemini ve uluslararası
hukuka duyulan saygıyı vurgulamaktır.
A) The United Nations highlights the
importance of human rights in order to
increase respect for international law.
B) One of the objectives of the United Nations
is to highlight the importance of human
rights as well as international law.
C) The United Nations aims to highlight the
importance of human rights and promote
respect for international law.
D) One of the objectives of the United Nations
is to highlight the importance of human
rights and respect for international law
E) The main aim of the United Nations is to
highlight the importance of human rights and
respect for international law.
10
A
52. Yirmi birinci yüzyılda dünya, yazılı bilgiye
boğulmuş ve baş döndürücü bir hızda bilgi
teknolojileri tarafından tamamen
kuşatılmıştır.
A) In the twenty-first century, the world is
completely surrounded and shaped by
written information as well as information
technologies with astonishing speed.
B) The world of the twenty-first century has
started to be surrounded by written
information and information technologies
with astonishing speed.
C) In the twenty-first century, the world has
been saturated with written information and
totally surrounded by information
technologies with astonishing speed.
D) The world in the twenty-first century is not
only shaped by written information but also
surrounded by information technologies with
astonishing speed.
E) It is in the twenty-first century that the world
is filled with written information and
enclosed by information technologies with
certain speed.
53. Belli bir yoğunluktaki düzenli egzersiz,
sağladığı faydalar sayesinde yaş ve
cinsiyetten bağımsız olarak depresyona karşı
korunmamıza yardımcı olur.
A) One way to protect against depression is to
take up regular exercise of any intensity as it
provides benefits regardless of age and
gender.
B) Regular exercise of certain intensity helps
us protect against depression thanks to
benefits it provides regardless of age and
gender.
C) Regular exercise of any intensity does not
only provide benefits regardless of age and
gender, but also helps protect against
depression.
D) With great benefits it provides regardless of
age and gender, regular but intensive
exercise can help people protect against
depression.
E) To protect against depression, one should
take up regular exercise of any intensity and
enjoy benefits it provides regardless of age
and gender.
2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
55. Although there is no universally accepted
54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlam
bütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılan
yerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
A
form of feminism that represents all of its
advocates, its representatives share certain
characteristics. To begin with, feminists
question basic assumptions about gender
and sexuality, including the understanding of
what it means to be a woman. -------. Last but
not least, they address the issue of
oppression by men as an issue of power,
dominion, and hierarchy. They believe this
oppression exists in relation to the identity
of women and the challenges they have to
face in local and global contexts.

A) Since the late 1970’s, feminist cultural

studies established gender as an important

İL
criteria of analysis within broader cultural
studies
B) Secondly, feminist scholars and activists
seek clarity about feminine consciousness,
the identity of women, their values and
ambitions
C) Then, not all people were comfortable with
the Second Wave Feminism’s new issues
KD and styles of protest
D) Many women in the industrialized world
demanded new rights, and liberation from
stereotypical female roles
E) By the mid-twentieth century the feminist
movement had brought about positive
transformation and advances for women

54. Angola is one of Africa’s major oil producers.

The oil industry is the most important sector
of the economy and it accounts for the
majority of the country’s exports. Angola
YÖ

also has minerals: diamonds, iron, uranium,

phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, and gold.
-------. The causes of poverty lie in the history
of this country, which has suffered a
twenty-seven-year civil war that was caused
not only by ethnic factors but also by
disputes over natural resources.

A) The products derived from this sector are

bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn,
cotton, and tobacco
B) During the mid-1960s there were guerrilla
actions which ended with the negotiation for
independence
C) But Angola is classified as one of the world’s
poorest countries despite its abundant
natural resources
D) Bantu and other African languages were
spoken by a high percentage of the
population
E) The topography varies from arid coastal
areas and dry savannas in the interior south
to rain forests in the north

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2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
56. Between 1950 and 2000, the world population
increased from about 2.5 billion to over 6
billion people. Throughout this era, food
shortages and malnutrition persisted in parts
of eastern and southern Asia, Central and
South America, and throughout sub-Saharan
Africa. Famines were caused by human
factors such as war, civil strife, and failed
economic and political policies, while
sometimes being exacerbated by natural
disasters such as drought. -------. Hundreds
of thousands of others left their homes,
walking long distances to neighbouring
countries in search of food. These refugees
then became dependent on subsistence aid
from governments or relief agencies.
İL
A) In the early twenty-first century, a
peanut-based paste offered high nutritional
value at very low cost
B) Technological and political developments
led to the increase in food production and
distribution in many regions
C) The change in developed countries’
KD
agricultural policies in the 1980s increased
agricultural production by 50 percent
D) In the 1970s an almost decade-long drought
in the Sahel region of Africa south of the
Sahara contributed to the death of millions
E) Improved transportation and communication
systems allowed food to be distributed in
poor regions
57. The Renaissance is usually associated with
YÖ
the Italian city states. However, Italy’s
undoubted importance has too often
overshadowed the development of new ideas
in many other regions. In offering a more
global perspective on the nature of the
Renaissance, it would be more accurate to
refer to a series of ‘Renaissances’. -------.
They often overlapped and exchanged
influences with the more classical and
traditionally understood Renaissance
centred on Italy.
A) The term Renaissance comes from the
French word for ‘rebirth’
B) The Renaissance began as early as the
thirteenth century with the art of Giotto
C) Contributions to the Renaissance emerged
from Europe, particularly from Italy and
France
D) Each of them had different characteristics
and influence
E) The Renaissance is seen as an international
phenomenon today
12
A
58. The term ‘archaeology’ comes from the
Greek word arkhaiologia, which means
“discourse about ancient things”. Yet, it has
come to mean the study of the human past
through surviving material traces. The term
‘human’ past needs stressing, because
archaeologists do not – contrary to what
many of us believe – study dinosaurs, or
rocks. --------. Archaeologists cannot possibly
study dinosaurs, because they had been
extinct for tens of millions of years by the
time the first humans evolved.
A) Dinosaur bones should be studied by
archaeologists and palaeontologists
together
B) Similarly, a geologist studies the physical
structure and substance of the earth
C) Palaeontologists know precisely why and
how dinosaurs became extinct
D) That is to say, archaeology and geology
have certain theoretical similarities
E) Those are the realm of palaeontologists and
geologists, not of archaeologists
59. Global urbanisation is one of the biggest
social transformations in human history.
With more than half of the world’s population
already living in cities, and 90 percent of
population growth by 2050 projected to be
added to them, cities are at the forefront of
the battle for sustainability. They pose major
challenges for city planners and
policymakers, such as land use, resource
demand, and air and water pollution. This
being so, however, it is expected that more
urban areas will be built in the next 30 years
than ever before. -------. If cities continue to
expand at this rate, the projected
urbanisation alone will exceed the limit set
by the 2015 Paris climate agreement.
A) Cities already account for about 75 percent
of global energy use and contribute an
equivalent share of greenhouse gas
emissions
B) Only a much closer collaboration between
scientists and urban policymakers can lead
to a more efficient transportation system
C) Cities are complex, adaptive and evolving
systems that interact and influence each
other in complex ways
D) Even though Australia is already a highly
urbanised country, it is still experiencing
rapid urban expansion
E) As a result, there has been an increase in
the rate of agricultural production
2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
A
62. (I) Reading, unlike speaking and
60 - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla understanding, must be deliberately taught.
okunduğunda parçanın anlam (II) Three methods of teaching reading have
bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. been used in the United States: whole-word,
whole-language, and phonics. (III) In the
whole-word and whole-language approaches,
children are taught to recognize entire words
without regard to individual letters and
sounds. (IV) The phonics approach
emphasizes the spelling-sound
correspondences of the language, and thus
draws on the child’s innate phonological
knowledge. (V) However, students of all ages
must learn content material such as maths
60. (I) The connection between philosophy and and science.
literature is acknowledged by many recent

İL
scholars. (II) Most ancient philosophers see A) I
their task as being, in general, that of B) II
understanding the world, a task which C) III
includes understanding ourselves. (III) In this
D) IV
respect, Aristotle has indicated that all
humans by nature desire ‘to understand’. (IV) E) V
What is meant is not a piling-up of known
facts, but rather the achievement of
understanding. (V) This is something that we
KD
do when we master a field or body of
knowledge and explain systematically why
things are the way they are.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
YÖ

61. (I) The founding of cities depends on several

factors but none is more important than an
abundant supply of food and water. (II) For
this reason, in the ancient world it was
common for cities to be located near rivers
and coasts like the cities of the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia. (III) Many
cities in Europe were destroyed during
World War II and had to be rebuilt. (IV) Other
factors can also explain the location of a city,
such as its geographical position. (V) For
example, Constantinople became a thriving
city without either good local farmland or
freshwater because of its strategic location.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

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2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
63. (I) As mass culture became steadily more
spectacular and immersive – with larger
high-definition TV sets and vast cinema
screens, with the enclosed and carefully
calculated spectacle of the shopping centre
or theme park – art had to compete. (II) Art
could do so by feeding off the allure of mass
culture while adding its own aesthetic and
estranged edge. (III) It could reverse the
norms of mass culture, providing
impressive, non-functional objects and
environments that, unlike those of the mall or
resort, were not geared to selling. (IV) Both of
whom have recently had shows in New
York’s most important art museums. (V)
Lastly, art could compete with mass culture
A
65. (I) Built in 1961, the Berlin Wall quickly
became the most vivid symbol of the Cold
War. (II) The agreement in question came to
an end with the breakup of the Soviet Union.
(III) The 28 miles of wall with barbed wire and
minefields separated the Soviet-controlled
East Berlin from the U.S. supported West
Berlin. (IV) Passage across the border
between East and West Berlin was heavily
restricted. (V) Families were divided after its
establishment, and some East Berliners were
no longer able to commute to work.
A) I
B) II
C) III

İL
by making representations of a scale,
D) IV
richness of colour, and definition unknown in
the mass media. E) V

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
KD
YÖ

64. (I) Hypnosis is frequently used to attempt to

change unwanted behaviours such as
smoking or overeating. (II) Although the
effectiveness of hypnosis in these areas is
controversial, some successes have been
reported. (III) Montgomery and Sapirstein, for
example, have found that adding hypnosis to
other forms of therapy increased the
effectiveness of the treatment. (IV) In addition
to helping to change certain behaviours,
hypnosis has also been found to be effective
in improving the condition of patients
experiencing anxiety disorders.
(V) Therefore, the amount of new information
recalled by witnesses at court turns out to be
a mixture of accurate and inaccurate
information.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

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2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
67. We understand from the text that the symbol
66 - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya
göre cevaplayınız.
Images on coins are not chosen randomly. They
function as emblems of the country that mints
them. The Greek word “Europe” is the name of a
mythical figure, and also defines the
geographical and political entity Europe. The
double meaning is not coincidental. The fortunes
of the mythical figure and the region have been
intimately connected from antiquity, though the
precise nature of their relationship was complex
and contested. The coin suggests a clever play
on the word ‘Europa’. It uses the mythical
A
of Europa on European coins --------.
A) was not approved by European people for a
long time
B) promotes faith in continuity and unification at
a time of significant change
C) was used simply for decorative purposes
D) meant different things for different nations in
the world
E) is still under debate because of its political
implications

İL
“Europa” to symbolize modern Europe. In doing
so, it makes a powerful statement about national
(and international) identities and about modern
Europe´s cultural origins. The Euro was
introduced in 2002 to mark a new world order:
the creation of a new Europe or the European
Union. At this moment of great change, the coin
provides the reassurance of continuity; new
Europe is also old Europe, with a long and
KD
venerable tradition that goes back to ancient
Greece. Thus, the repetition of the symbol
promotes the European Union.
YÖ

68. According to the text, images used on coins

66. According to the text, the word ‘Europa’
-------.
A) is used as an indication of the cultural origin
of European states
B) defines a long forgotten mythological figure
C) used to be the name of a region in Europe
D) bears no relation to the political entity of
Europe
E) gained significance only after the creation of
the European Union
-------.
A) do not have much significance and can be
easily changed by governments
B) can be powerful instruments to affirm the
political and cultural integrity of countries
C) can be copied and used by various powerful
states across the globe
D) must have been of little importance from
antiquity to modern times
E) show the significance of economic and
industrial development in a country

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2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
70. We understand from the text that -------.
69 - 71. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya
göre cevaplayınız.
The way linguists use the word ‘grammar’ differs
from most common usages. Grammar is the
knowledge speakers have about the units and
rules of their language: rules for combining
sounds into words called ‘phonology’, rules of
word formation called ‘morphology’, rules for
combining words and phrases into sentences
called ‘syntax’, as well as the rules for assigning
meaning called ‘semantics’. The grammar,
together with a mental dictionary called a
‘lexicon’ that lists the words of the language,
A
A) descriptive grammar focuses on the
exceptional uses of words
B) it is only possible to speak a language by
being proficient in its grammar rules
C) our capacity to use a language is defined by
the combination of lexicon and grammar
D) linguists encourage people to speak a
language without paying attention to
grammar
E) grammar does not describe basic linguistic
knowledge but tells us how we should speak

İL
represents our linguistic competence. Every
human being who speaks a language knows its
grammar. When linguists wish to describe a
language, they make explicit the rules of the
grammar of the language that exist in the minds
of its speakers. There will be some differences
among speakers, but there must be shared
knowledge too. The shared knowledge makes it
possible to communicate through language. To
KD
the extent that the linguist’s description is a true
model of the speakers’ linguistic capacity, it is a
successful description of the grammar and of the
language itself. Such a model is called a
descriptive grammar.
YÖ

71. According to the text, in order to use

language for communication, -------.
69. According to the text, the grammar rules
used to form sentences are called -------. A) a successful description of grammar is vital
B) it is essential to have a good dictionary
A) semantics
C) a shared knowledge of grammar is
B) phonology necessary
C) lexicon D) everyone has to agree about grammar rules
D) syntax E) people must give up trying to describe
E) morphology grammar

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2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
A
73. We can understand from the text that
72 - 74. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya multiculturalism -------.
göre cevaplayınız.
A) aims for greater acceptance of different
cultures
Multiculturalism has become the official policy in B) causes great damage to the political
many Western states and represents a liberal structure of nation-states
democratic attempt to promote ethnic and racial C) is solely related to educational institutions
equality. It is based on the idea of displaying
D) is against free religious education
tolerance towards a range of cultural practices
within the contexts of the nation-state. As a E) cannot work without the support of political
policy approach, it has been influential in parties
educational and cultural spheres where it has
underpinned attempts to introduce people to a
range of different beliefs, values, customs and
cultural practices. For example, the teaching of

İL
multi-faith religious education, the performance
of rituals and the promotion of ethnic food
became facets of educational policy. While
multiculturalism as a strategy has much to offer,
some critics argue that the process of relativizing
cultures can, in the context of institutionally racist
social orders, overlook the dimension of power.
That is, the day-to-day experiences of racism in
relation to housing, employment and physical
KD
violence may slip from view. Thus, critics of
multiculturalism argue that we would be better
served by an anti-racist approach that highlights
the operations of power and challenges the
ideological and structural practices that
constitute racist societies.
YÖ

74. Critics of multiculturalism believe that -------.

72. It is clear from the text that multiculturalism
-------.
A) is only supported by ethnic minorities
B) has long been neglected in education
C) advocates gender equality above everything
else
D) encourages respect for and celebrates
differences
E) started as a reaction against the liberal
democratic approach
A) it highlights the operations of power and
challenges ideological practices
B) it allows ethnic minorities to use physical
violence under certain circumstances
C) it may fail to address daily problems caused
by racial intolerance
D) it may interfere with the cultural practices of
ethnic minorities
E) it ignores the rights of certain ethnic
minorities living in the world

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2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
A
76. In the text, Borromini, Bernini, and Rubens
75 - 77. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya are given as examples of -------.
göre cevaplayınız.
A) representatives of Baroque painting
B) renowned advocates of Rococo art
The term baroque (misshaped pearl) was C) prominent Renaissance artists in France
applied, at first contemptuously but later well-known pioneers of Rococo painting
D)
respectfully, to a style of architecture that
originated in Rome in the early seventeenth E) famous pioneers of Baroque visual arts
century and showed a significant departure from
the traditions of the Renaissance. Asymmetry of
design, luxuriance of ornament, strange or
broken curves or lines, and polychromatic
richness were its main features. The word was
later extended to the other visual arts of the
baroque period, which is generally regarded as

İL
having lasted to the middle of the eighteenth
century. The best known early exponents are
Borromini in architecture, Bernini in sculpture,
and Rubens in painting. Rococo (rock-work) is
sometimes treated as synonymous with baroque,
but is more properly confined to a later
development of it, especially in France, lighter
and more fanciful, and with ornament even less
related to structure. The characteristics of
KD
baroque are grandeur, pomposity, and weight;
those of rococo are inconsequence, grace, and
lightness. Baroque aims at astounding, rococo at
amusing.
YÖ

75. We understand from the text that -------.
A) rococo was the dominant painting style in
Italy
B) baroque began as a reaction against rococo
in Italy
C) the term baroque was first used to describe
a style in music
D) the term baroque was coined by French
architects
E) application of the term baroque changed
over time
77. The text is mainly about -------.
A) the significance of Baroque painting in the
history of French art
B) different kinds of architecture observed in
the Renaissance period
C) the characteristics of and differences
between ‘baroque’ and ‘rococo’
D) the transformation of ‘rococo’ during and
after the Renaissance period
E) why baroque, as an artistic style, lost its
significance in time

18
2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A
A
79. It is understood from the text that headless
78 - 80. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya horsemen -------.
göre cevaplayınız.
A) generally lost their lives while preparing for
battle
The tradition of the headless horseman goes B) might be warriors who lost their heads on
back to ancient times, and examples of these battlefields
phantoms can be found in the earliest German C) were lucky and strong enough to survive
and Scandinavian folklore. According to legend, many battles
both rider and horse are said to be pitch black in D) were usually admired by the soldiers whom
colour and they can just as easily gallop in the they fought with
sky as on the ground. The horsemen are
sometimes said to be outcasts from the Wild E) did not call for war and bloodshed unless
Hunt, or otherwise great chiefs who had the necessary
misfortune to lose their heads in battle or were
beheaded. A well-known Irish example is the

İL
Headless Rider of Castle Sheela, whose story is
told in Ghosts in Irish Houses by James
Reynolds (1947). Many literary critics have been
interested in headless horseman legends and
written book-length studies on this topic. Perhaps
the most famous book on the topic is The
Headless Horseman by American writer, Captain
Mayne Reid, published in 1869 and based on an
allegedly true case from Texas which the author
KD
himself had investigated.
YÖ

78. According to the text, the headless horseman

------- .
A) is thought to bring bad luck in Irish culture
B) is a legend about the lives of the nobility and
high-rank officials
C) was a popular figure in his community
D) is a legendary figure that appears in
different folklores
E) was first mentioned in Irish and American
folklore
80. According to the text, Captain Mayne Reid’s
The Headless Horseman -------.
A) is based on the writer’s own investigation
B) deals with early Scandinavian folklore
C) is purely a product of the writer’s
imagination
D) tells us about ancient Irish ghost stories
E) is about a group of headless horsemen in
Texas

19
2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A

A Grubu Cevap Anahtarı

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
E C A B D A B C E D C D B E A D C B E D

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
A B C E A B D C E D C E B A E E C B A A

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
D C B E A A D E A B D C B C B D D E A A

İL
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
C E D E B A B B D C C D A C E E C D B A
KD
YÖ

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