UWB 10802

JAPANESE LANGUAGE (I)

SEMESTER 1, SESSION 2017/18

CHAPTER 6
GRAMMATICAL NOTES

PN. SITI HAJAR BINTI BIDIN

CENTRE FOR LANGUAGE STUDIES
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
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1. Past tense of Nouns Sentences
2. いま ～じ ～ふん／ぷんです
3. Verbます
4. Vます／Vません／
Vました／Vませんでした
5. N1から N2まで
6. N（time）に Verb
7. N1と N2
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FUTURE TENSE, PRESENT TENSE & PAST TENSE

OF NOUN SENTENCES.
Positive N-desu N-deshita
Sentence 例：amedesu 例：amedeshita
N-dewa arimasen N-ameedewa arimasen deshita
Negative
Sentence 例：amedewa arimasen 例：amedewa arimasen deshita

Example 1 : Kinou wa ame deshita.

Meaning : It was rainy yesterday.
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To express time, the counter suffixes ~ji (o’clock) and ~fun/~pun (minutes) are
used.
The number are put before them.

分 is read “fun” after 2, 5, 7 or 9. “pun” after 1, 3, 4, 6, 8 or 10.

1, 6, 8 and 10 are read “ip”, “rop”, “hap” and “jup”/”jip” before “pun”.

The interrogative “Nan” is used with a counter suffix to ask questions

concerning number or amounts.
Therefore, the word “nan-ji” (or sometimes “nan-pun”) is used to ask the time.

Example 2 : Ima nan-ji desu ka.

… 7-ji 10-pun desu.
Meaning : What time is it now.
… It’s seven ten.

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Note :
“は” marks the topic of a sentence, which you learned in Lesson 3.
A geographical location can also be used as the topic.

Example 3 : Nyuuyoku wa ima nan-ji desu ka.

… Gozen 4-ji desu.
Meaning : In New York what time is it now
… It’s 4 a.m.

A verb with “masu” works as a predicate.

“masu”make a sentence polite.

Example 4 : Watashi wa mai-nichi benkyoushimasu.

Meaning : I study every day.
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“masu” is used when a sentence expresses a habitual thing or a truth.

It is also used when a sentence expresses a thing that will occur in the
future.
The negative form and the forms in the past tense are shown in the
table below.

FUTURE TENSE, PRESENT TENSE & PAST TENSE

OF VERB SENTENCES.

Positive V-masu V-mashita

Sentence 例：Benkyoushimasu 例：Benkyoushimashita

Negative Vません Vませんでした

Sentence 例：Benkyoushimasen 例：Benkyoushimasendeshita

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Example 5 : Mai-asa 6-ji ni okimasu.

Meaning : I get up at six every morning

Example 6 : Ashita 6-ji ni okimasu.

Meaning : I’ll get up at six tomorrow morning.

Example 7 : Kesa 6-ji ni okimashita.

Meaning : I got up at six this morning.

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Question forms of verb sentences are made in the same way as those of
noun sentences.
Particle “ka” is added to the end of the sentence.
In answering such questions, the verb in the questions are repeated.
“Sou desu” or “Soudewa arimasen” cannot be used.

Example 8 : Kinou benkyoushimashita ka.

… Hai, benkyoushimashita.
… Iie, benkyoushimasen deshita.
Meaning : Did you study yesterday?
… Yes, I did.
… No, I didn’t.

Example 9 : Mai-asa nan-ji ni okimasu ka.

…6-ji ni okimasu.
Meaning : What time do you get up every morning?
… I get up at six.
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“kara”indicates the starting time or place.

“made” indicates the finishing time or place.

Example 14 : 9-ji kara 5-ji made hatarakimasu.

Meaning : I work from nine to five.

Example 15 : Oosaka kara Toukyou made 3-ji kan kakarimasu.

Meaning : It takes three hours from Osaka to Tokyo.

“kara”and “made” are not always used together.

Example 16 : 9-ji kara hatarakimasu.

Meaning : I work from nine.

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～kara、～made or ～kara～made is sometimes used with “desu” added

directly after either.

Example 17 : Ginkou wa 9-ji kara 3-ji made desu.

Meaning : The bank is open from nine to three.

Example 18 : Hiru yasumi wa 12-ji kara desu.

Meaning : Lunchtime start at twelve.

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When a verb denotes a momentary action or movement, the time when it occurs
is marked with the particle “ni”.
“ni”is added when the noun before it uses a numeral.
It can also be added to the days of the week, though it is not essential.
When the noun does not use a numeral, “ni” is not added.

Example 10 : 6-ji han ni okimasu.

Meaning : I get up at six thirty.

Example 11 : 7-gatsu Futsuka ni Nihon e kimashita.

Meaning : I came to Japan on July 2nd.

Example 12 : Nichi-youbi [ni] Kuara Runpuuru e ikimasu.

Meaning : I’m going to Kuala Lumpur on Sunday.

Example 13 : Kinou benkyoushimashita.

Meaning : I studied yesterday.
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The particle “to”connect two nouns in coordinate relation.

Example 19 : Ginkou no yasumi wa Do-youbi to Nichi-youbi desu.

Meaning : The bank is close on Saturdays and Sundays.

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