SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis

instituti

kritika

№3

Tbilisi
2008

1
redaqtori: manana kvaWantiraZe

saredaqcio sabWo:

lali avaliani
Teimuraz doiaSvili
Tamaz vasaZe
ani kldiaSvili
lela oCiauri
irma ratiani
maka joxaZe

redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi,

merab kostavas q. 5
tel. 99-53-00; E-mail: litinst@litinstituti.ge

2
 Tvalsazrisi

qeTevan niniZe

bestseleri da Tanamedrove literaturuli gamowvevebi

sityva bestseleri pirvelad 1889 wels gamoiyenes. misi leqsikuri mniSvneloba

ukavSirdeba sityvebs best _ saukeTeso da seller _ gayidvadi. aqedan gamomdinare,
bestseleri aris produqti, romelic gamorCeulia gayidvis raodenobiT. termini,
umetes SemTxvevaSi, aRniSavs wigns, romelic aRwevs/aWarbebs gasaRebis garkveul
sasazRvro raodenobas, an sxva SemTxvevaSi danarCen wignebTan SedarebiT yvelaze
didi raodenobiT iyideba. Sesabamisad, gamoyofen bestseleris ramdenime tips,
wignebi, romlebic aRwevs garkveul raodnobriv niSnuls1, wignebi, romlebic sxva
wignebs uswrebs gayidvis raodenobis mixedviT da wignebi, romlebic ar fiqsirdeba
bestselerad am sityvis klasikuri gagebiT, magram sxvadasxva mizezis gamo xdeba
popularuli da irgebs bestseleris statuss.
miuxedavad terminis ararsebobisa, CvenTvis XVII-XVIII saukuneebidan ukve
cnobilia wignebi, romlebic aRwevs im droisaTvis did popularobas da, Sesabamisad,
gayidvis TvalsazrisiT garkveul rekordebs amyarebs. `robinzon kruzo~, `axali
eloiza~, `axalgazrda verTeris vnebani~, mogvianebiT, `devid koperfildi~ da sxv.
warmoadgens Tavisi drois yvelaze popularuli wignebis, `bestselerebis~
kategorias.
ramdenadac Tanamedrove msoflio avlens did dainteresebas literaturuli
produqciiT, bestselerebis `Seqmnis~ saqmeSi CarTulia specialistTa jaWvi
literaturis agentebis, redaqtorebis, gamomcemlebis, analitikosebisa da
marketingis warmomadgenelTa saxiT. isini, TavianTi kvalifikaciis Sesabamisad
muSaoben wignis daxvewasa da misi sazogadoebrivi imijis Seqmnaze. bestselerebis
warmoebaSi didi gamocdileba aqvT iseT msxvil kompaniebs, rogoricaa foqsis
wignebis maRazia, oprahis wignis moyvarulTa klubi (aSS) da a.S. damwyeb da sust wignis
kompaniebs ar aqvT bestselerebis gamoSvebis ambicia da iSviaTad midian am riskze.
sainteresoa, ramdenad muSaobs Tanamedrove literaturuli produqciis
gavrcelebis es modeli saqarTveloSi. ra Taviseburebebsa da msgavsebebs avlens Cveni
literaturuli sivrce am tendenciebTan mimarTebiT.
rogorc cnobilia, demokratiul qveynebSi saxelmwifo pirdapir ar ereva
samwerlobo saqmianobaSi da literaturul gemovnebasa da moTxovnebs uSualod ar
gansazRvravs; dakveTa Tavad mkiTxvelTa wridan momdinareobs, Tumca saxelmwifo
literaturul tendenciebs ganapirobebs imdenad, ramdenadac igi marTavs socialur
politikas, rac, Tavis mxriv, moqmedebs literaturul produqtze. frankfurtis
sociologiuri skolis warmomadgeneli, Teodor adorno, amtkicebs, rom
literatura, garda imisa, rom sarkesaviT ireklavs, aCvenebs sazogadoebis saxes,
amasTanave didi wvlili Seaqvs mis formirebaSi (adorno,
http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/adorno/1944/culture-industry.htm ganTavsebulia 2007
wlidan).
literaturis uaxlesi tendenciebis analizisaTvis aucilebelia misi
warmodgena msoflios `kulturuli industriis~2 procesebis WrilSi. Tanamedrove
literaturul procesebs mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs sabazro moTxovnebi,
romelsac wigni, rogorc literaturuli produqti da Tavad nawarmoebi, romlis
prezentaciis umniSvnelovanesi formaa wigni, gverds ver auvlis. wignis Tanamedrove
momxmarebelTa finansurma Tu fizikurma SesaZleblobebma (vgulisxmobT

1
britaneTSi wignis bestselerad gamocxadebisaTvis aseTi damakmayofilebeli raodenobaa kviraSi
4000-dan 25000-mde gayiduli erTeuli, xolo kanadaSi kviraSi 5000 gayiduli erTeuli (bestseleri,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestseller ganTavsebulia 2006 wlis 17 Tebervlidan.).
2
`kulturuli industria~, rogorc termini, ekuTvnis Teodor adornos, romelic Tavis naSromSi
The Culture Industry: Selected essays on mass culture (1999) Tanamedrove musikalur mimarTulebebze
msjelobisas ganixilavs kapitalisturi wyobis safrTxeebs `maRal~ kulturasTan mimarTebiT.

3
kapitalisturi qveynis moqalaqeTa Soris drois simciris, Tanamedrove cxovrebis
ritmis problemas) gazarda e.w. `dabali kulturisadmi~ moTxovnileba. moqalaqeebs,
romlebic dRis mniSvnelovan nawils TavianT saqmes uTmoben, dasvenebis saaTebSi
sWirdebaT gantvirTvis saSualeba: sapnis opera, deteqtivi, msubuqi melodrama,
sxvadasxva xasiaTis Sou, sadac isini aRmoaCenen mimzidvel, mZafr da azartul
elements, an komfortul samyaros, romelic qmnis realuri garemos alternatiul
idealur garemos, ar Seicavs yofiT problemebs, ar moiTxovs saazrovno, gansjiT
Zalisxmevas, rTul analizs. `martivi siamovnebebis~ (easy pleasures) faqtori Teodor
adornom da maqs horkhaimerma kapitalizmis monapovrad miiCnies. maTive mosazrebiT
es faqtori xels uSlis e.w. maRali kulturis ganviTarebas (adorno, How to Look at
Television: wignSi: The Culture Industry: London: Routledge: 2001.). kulturuli industriis
moTxovnebi aisaxeba Tanamedrove msoflio literaturaze, romelic icvlis rols da
saganmanaTleblo daniSnulebas unacvlebs gasarTob funqcias.
XX saukunis msoflio bestselerebSi mniSvnelovani adgili eTmoba mxatvrul
literaturas. ZiriTadad, gazrdilia moTxovna deteqtivebsa da saSinelebaTa Janris
teqstebze, e.w. `hefiendian~ socialur dramebze (niu iork taimsi, What Women in Society
Read These Days: New York Times: 24 March: 1912). aramxatvruli (nonfiction) teqstebidan
aqtiurad kiTxuloben memuaruli da biografiuli, dokumenturi Janris teqtebs,
romlebic TandaTanobiT ufro met dainteresebas iwvevs, vidre mxatvruli Janrebi.
garda zemoxsenebuli fsiqosocialuri faqtorebisa, romlebic ganapirobebs
wignebisadmi interess, arsebobs damatebiTi faqtorebi, romlebic naklebad aris
dakavSirebuli uSualod teqstTan da metad _ sazogadoebriv urTierTobebTan.
literaturuli nawarmoebis popularizaciis TvalsazrisiT Tanamedrove msoflioSi
aTvisebulia sxvadasxva gamocdilebebi:
1. epataJis gza _ teqstis popularobas ganapirobebs masTan dakavSirebuli
Soki; cnobili teqstis, an istoriuli movlenis originaluri, skandaluri
interpretacia da a.S. am SemTxvevis sailustraciod gavixsenoT oriode wlis win den
braunis `davinCis kodTan~ dakavSirebuli sazogadoebrivi vnebaTaRelva;
saqarTveloSi laSa buRaZis `pirvel rusTan~ dakavSirebuli usiamovnebebi, ramac,
yvelafris miuxedavad, gamoiwvia avtorisa da, Sesabamisad, teqstis popularizacia.
mkiTxvelTan dialogis amgvar formas, Cveni azriT, ar unda iyenebdnen is mwerlebi,
romelnic Tvlian, rom aqvT sakmarisi SemoqmedebiTi resursi am saqmianobisaTvis da
mxolod popularobisTvis ar mimarTaven literaturas.
2. bestselerad gamocxadeba _ teqstis popularizaciis am saSualebas
mimarTavs araerTi msxvili gamomcemeli. am SemTxvevaSi wignis sareklamod mas
asaxeleben mimdinare Tvis bestselerTa nusxaSi, rac zrdis sazogadoebis mxridan
interess da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, wigni sabolood amarTlebs bestseleris statuss3;
3. wigni bestseleri xdeba, Tu misi ekranizaciaa blokbasteri, an popularobiT
sargeblobs misi sasceno versia; (`parfiumeri~, `gaseirneba yarabaRSi~/`mogzauroba
yarabaRSi~);
4. wigni bestseleri xdeba, Tu igi exmianeba mimdinare politikur Tu kulturul
movlenebs: magaliTad, monika levinskis memuarebi popularuli gaxda im uCveulo
ambis Semdgom, rac ukavSirdeba amerikis prezidentsa da wignis avtors; saqarTveloSi
irakli Carkvianis dRiurebi, romelic momRerlis gardacvalebidan ramdenime
kviraSi gamoqveynda da erT-erT telearxze 2006 wlis bestselerad gamocxadda;
5. wignis popularobis upirvelesi garantia Zlieri gamomcemloba, romelic
marTavs literaturul procesebs, qmnis literaturul modas da am TvalsazrisiT
siaxleebs sTavazobs mkiTxvelTa gjufebs (vTqvaT, foqsis wignis maRazia, oprahis
wignis klubi);
6. agreTve wignis popularobis garantia misi avtori. vTqvaT, avtorebi: markesi,
koelio, roulingi4, romelTa teqstebs mkiTxveli elodeba da periodulad ecnoba.
literaturuli nawarmoebisadmi interess marTlac ganapirobebs avtori.
xSirad maTdami damokidebulebebis gamo mkiTxveli kiTxulobs, an ar kiTxulobs

3
msgavsi SemTxvevebi dafiqsirda am saqmeSi didi gamocdilebis mqone cnobili vebgverdis
amazon.com-is bestselerebis yovelkvireuli siebis gamoqveynebisas.
4
avtorebi davajgufeT mxolod popularobis niSnis safuZvelze.

4
teqsts. saqarTveloSi sazogadoebisaTvis metwilad mniSvnelovania mweralTa
samoqalaqo pozicia, msoflmxedveloba, zneobrivi saxe.
qarTuli literatura xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi atarebda erovnul
niSans, identobis SenarCunebis funqcias. mwerlis statusisadmi qarTuli
sazogadoeba yovelTvis sakralur da gamorCeul damokidebulebas amJRavnebda,
gansakuTrebiT sabWoTa periodis qarTvel mwerlebTan dakavSirebiT. Wabua
amirejibis, guram doCanaSvilis, oTar WilaZis, guram gegeSiZis, arCil sulakauris,
rezo WeiSvilis da sxvaTa cenzuragavlil teqstebs mkiTxveli xSirad verc
Soulobda, radgan moTxovna gamocemis tiraJs aRemateboda. es garemoeba interess
ufro amZafrebda. teqstebi xelidan xelSi gadadioda da maTdami interesi ar
cxreboda. erovnulis/antisabWouris faqtorebi literaturul process cocxalsa
da sainteresos xdida.
sabWoTa wyobilebis gauqmebisa da, gansakuTrebiT, samoqalaqo omis Semdeg (90-
iani wlebi), literaturam da, zogadad, xelovnebam es saWiroeba dakarga.
sazogadoebis polarizebasTan erTad moxda kulturis moRvaweTa politikuri niSniT
dayofa da moqalaqeTa erTma nawilma xelovanTa garkveuli jgufis mimarT ndoba
dakarga. garda amisa, literaturisadmi interesi Caaqro omebma da socialurma
problemebma. demokratiulma procesebma unda moitanos azrTa da interesTa
pluralizmi, sagamomcemlo politika rogorc wesi, iqneba ara centralizebuli,
aramed SeuzRudavi. werisa da beWdvis TavisuflebiT isargeblebs yvela avtori
ganurCevlad msoflmxedvelobisa Tu politikuri mrwamsisa. miuxedavad
SeuzRudavobisa, dResdReobiT arsebul statistikaze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom Tanamedrove qarTuli literatura ar iyideba, SesaZlebelia, arc
ikiTxeba. am ukanasknel sakiTxs ki masStaburi da kvalificiuri raodenobrivi
sociologiuri kvlvebi gamoavlens.
Tbilisis wignis saagentos 2001-2006 ww. monacemebis mixedviT bestselerebis
ocdaaTeulSi5 ukanasknel, 2006 wels qarTul mxatvrul literaturas eTmoba 3%,
ramdenadac bestselerTa ocdaaTeulSi Sesulia mxolod erTi Tanamedrove
mxatvruli teqsti _ mogzauroba yarabaRSi. 2004-05 wlebSi qarTuli mxatvruli
literatura bestselerTa 30-eulSi moicavs 10-13%-s (mglebi, mglebi II, mogzauroba
yarabaRSi, faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebi, bolo zari), xolo 2001-03 wlebSi _ 30 %-s
(agvistos paseansi, faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebi, CaZiruli qalaqis Rame, godori,
gaqrebi madaTovze, gadafrena madaTovze, Soba Ramis alqajebi, Seni Tavgadasavali,
tibeti) (wignis saagentos yovelwliuri monacemebi: miRebulia 2007 wlis martSi.).
rogorc vxedavT, Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvruli literaturis mimarT
interesi saqarTveloSi ufro da ufro neldeba, rac mxolod finansuri
mdgomareobiT ar unda avxsnaT.
2000 wlidan Tanamedrove qarTul literaturul process warmarTavda klub
sardafis Sexvedrebi, is mwerlebi, romlebic, ZiriTadad, ganaxlebuli XX saukunis
garSemo iyvnen Semokrebilebi: laSa TabukaSvili, irakli samsonaZe, daTo maRraZe,
rezo TabukaSvili (umcrosi), daTo turaSvili, rati amaRlobeli, laSa buRaZe, kote
yubaneiSvili da reaqtiuli jgufis sxva wevrebi... ewyoboda literaturuli
Sexvedrebi, axali wignebis prezentaciebi, beWdviT da telemediaSi xSirad
Cndebodnen `sardafeli~ mwerlebi. klub sardafs hyavda gansazRvruli `publika~,
romelic eloda literaturul siaxleebs, mihyveboda literaturul modas:
eswreboda Sexvedrebs Tu yidulobda im produqcias, rasac es konkretuli
dajgufeba sTavazobda. am mizeziT sazogadoebrivi aqtivoba literaturuli
TvalsazrisiT sakmaod SesamCnevi iyo, rac TavisTavad aisaxa statistikazec.
dResdReobiT ki es segmenti qarTul literaturaSi umniSvnelod mcire ZalebiT
moqmedebs.
literatura socialuri identifikaciis erT-erTi saSualebaa. gansazRvrul
jgufebSi gansazRvruli `saxelebia~ misaRebi, imis mixedviT, ra mimarTulebas irCevs
socialuri wre sakuTari identobis gansazRvrisaTvis. zogi balzaksa da tolstois
(klasikuri mimarTulebis mwerlebs) imowmebs, zogi _ borxessa da ekos

5
bestselerebis ocdaaTeulis danarCeni 97% moicavs rogorc aramxatvrul, sazRvargareTul, an
sabavSvo literaturas, romelTa umetesi nawili sasaCuqredaa gankuTvnili, aseve enciklopediebs,
katalogebs, leqsikonebs _ praqtikuli daniSnulebis wignebs.

5
(`Tanamedrove~ modur avtorebs). TiToeul jgufs hyavs Tavisi literaturuli saxe,
e.w. `leibli~. moduri avtoris cneba aucileblad ar niSnavs, rom mas kiTxuloben. igi
SesaZlebelia, mxolod `jadosnuri sityvebis~ (keywords) dasaxelebiTac amoiowuros
maSin, rodesac savaraudod, mkiTxvelTa did nawils mxolod yurmokruli eqneba
ziuskindis parfiumeri, an aka morCilaZis faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebi. amdenad,
moduroba atarebs socialur xasiaTs da naklebad _ literaturuls.
rogorc aRvniSneT, literaturuli moda erTi mxriv lavirebs sxvadasxva
socialuri jgufebis Sesabamisad, meore mxriv ki gvTavazobs sayovelTaod `cnobad~
avtorebs. oriode sityviT SevexebiT masobrivi literaturis ara industriul,
aramed fsiqologiur faqtorebsac. masa, rogorc garkveuli mTlianoba, gulisxmobs
iracionalur `suls~, romelsac mecnierTa nawili `koleqtiur suls~ uwodebs (le
bonni, tarde), xolo meore nawili `koleqtiur aracnobierad~ (iungi, froidi)
moixseniebs. masobrivi literatura yovelTvis gulisxmobs im fsiqologiuri
`mzaobis~ aTvisebas mwerlis mier, romelsac koleqtiuri suli warmoSobs.
Cven uSualod qarTveli sazogadoebis Sesaxeb masis sociologiis kvleviTi analizi
xelT ar gvaqvs, Tumca yuradRebas iqcevs amerikuli masobrivi literaturis
mkvlevarTa fsiqologiuri analizis SemTxvevebi. tania modleski, Tanamedrove
literaturisa da kinos mkvlevari, Tavis erT-erT naSromSi ganixilavs im ZiriTad
faqtorebs, romlebic ganapirobebs saSinelebaTa Janris popularobas XX saukunis
sazogadoebaSi (modleski, The Terror of Pleasure. The Contemporary Horror Film and Postmodern
Theory: Oxford: 1986.).
sainteresoa, rogori literaturuli gmiri an literaturuli siuJeti gaxdeba
`masobrivi~ simpaTiis obieqti qarTul sazogadoebaSi maSin, rodesac arc sabWouri
cenzura akavebs literaturul procesebs da arc aRmsareblobis gamo sjian
adamianebs. Cvens xelT arsebuli monacemebis mixedviT gamokveTil tendenciebsa da
favorit gmirebze saubari naadrevi da aratipiuri iqneba.
bestseleris problemis mesame da, Cveni azriT, mTavari mxarea sazogadoebis
finansuri mdgomareoba. igi gadafaravs socialur da fsiqologiur faqtorebs,
radgan Tu mkiTxveli/momxmarebeli wigns yidulobs, igi TavisTavad misdevs modas,
arCevs misTvis mosawon an naklebad mosawon literaturas. arCevanis gakeTebisas igi
SeuzRudavia da met-naklebad Tavisufali. Sevsebuli da feradi Taroebi niSnavs
`leiblebis~ prezentaciasac, da farTo literaturul arCevansac.
Cvens xelT arsebul monacemebze dayrdnobiT (wignis saagentos yovelwliuri
monacemebi: miRebulia 2007 wlis martSi.), zogadad, Tanamedrove qarTveli mkiTxveli
irCevs sainteresod gadmocemul msubuq deteqtivebsa da socialur dramebs. misTvis
mniSvnelobas iZens socialuri faqtori imdenad, ramdenadac, rogorc Cans,
`kiTxvadoba~ gansazRvrulia avtorTa `cnobadobiTac~ (laSa buRaZe, daTo
turaSvili, aka morCilaZe).
e.w `popularul~ da `legitimur~ literaturaTa dapirispirebis modeli, rac
Tanamedrove msoflio literaturaSi moqmedebs, qarTul mwerlobaSi jerjerobiT
mkveTrad ar vlindeba. mwerloba, wigniereba CvenTan kvlav ganaTlebis klasikur
gagebas ukavSirdeba, literaturis funqciuri cvlilebis procesi qarTul
kulturaSi ase mkveTrad ar gamosaxula. sazogadoebis is nawili, romelic saWiroebs
gantvirTvisaTvis aucilebel produqts, sazrdoobs araerTi sxva ufro
xelmisawvdomi da iafi alternatiuli saSualebiT da ar moiTxovs am sicarielis
Sesavsebad literaturul sazrdos. amitom, zogadad, sazogadoebis mxridan
mwerlobiT daintereseba aradamakmayofilebelia.
dResdReobiT, roca ideologiuri SezRudvebi saxelmwifos mxridan ar ikveTeba,
naklebad aris imis saWiroeba, rom literaturam itvirTos ideologis, mebrZolis
funqcia, SeinarCunos erovnuli an religiuri identoba im formiT, rogorc adre
uwevda. garda amisa, Tanamedrove mwerlebic aRar misdeven sakralur xazs da ar
gamoirCevian Cveulebrivi adamianebisgan. zogierTi poeti, prozaikosi, an artjgufi
sazogadoebis azriT Seuferebeli qmedebebiT sagangebod angrevs `mwerlis~
tradiciul xats. am mizeziT Tanamedrove qarTvel mweralTa didi nawilis mimarT
mkiTxveli sakmaod skeptikuradaa ganwyobili. gaucxoeba mkiTxvelsa da Tanamedrove
qarTvel mwerlebs Soris da dabneuloba, romelSic imyofeba qarTvel mkiTxvelTa
sazogadoeba, gamowveulia literaturis daniSnulebisa da adgilis cvlis procesiT.
qarTvel mkiTxvelTa mosalodneloba da dakveTa, savaraudod, ar emTxveva

6
literaturul procesebs. imisaTvis rom es barieri daZleul iqnas, Tanamedrove
qarTulma literaturam unda SeiTavsos gemovnebaTa da xedvaTa pluralizmi:
daakmayofilos rogorc tradiciuli literaturis momxmareblebi, aseve SeinarCunos
uaxlesi literaturuli tendenciebisadmi adekvaturoba. mravalferovani speqtri
saSualebas miscems mkiTxvels, ipovos sakuTari avtori.
literatura moduri gaxdeba maSin, rodesac literaturuli procesi
ganaaxlebs srulfasovan arsebobas yvela segmentis (literaturuli Sexvedra,
prezentacia, literaturuli periodika, teleSou, onlainforumi da sxva)
SenarCunebiT. mkiTxvelTa garkveuli (mcirericxovani) wre ahyveba literaturul
modas: daeswreba Sexvedrebs da waikiTxavs, an `gaigebs~ avtorebisa da teqstebis
dasaxelebebs. teqsti sayovelTao simpaTiis sagani, masobrivad `atacebuli~ gaxdeba
maSin, rodesac mwerali daiWers sazogadoebriv majiscemas, mkiTxvelTa
fsiqologiur mzaobas; xolo qarTul bestselerTa siaSi mxatvruli literatura
maSin daikavebs solidur adgils, rodesac mkiTxvelTa finansuri SesaZleblobebi
gawvdeba wignis SeZenis fufunebas.

7
 arturo peres — reverte

evropuli besTseleris gza

me profesionali romanisti var da literaturaze saubari maTTvis mimindvia,

visac amis survili da dro aqvs, visi cxovrebac sxvaTa Semoqmedebaze saubarSi gadis.
literaturis mxatvrul aspeqtebze saubaric am profesionalebis saqmea _ isini xom
SemoqmedebiTi wvisa da mRelvare gancdebis namdvili eqspertebi arian. me mirCevnia is
istoriebi movyve, rac did siamovnebas maniWebs da es saqme maqsimalurad kargad
gavakeTo. ase rom, sulac ar medardeba, romani mTlianad mokvda Tu mxolod
nawilobriv. rac Semexeba me, vcdilob Cemi romani isev cocxali iyos da am saqmeSi ise
var garTuli, rom dro aRar mrCeba uazro kamaTisa da msgavsi sisuleleebisaTvis.
amjerad gamonaklisis daSveba momiwevs: ramdenime dRis win frankfurtis wignis
bazrobaze Cems megobar ken folets Sevxvdi, man mTxova damezustebina ramdenime
mosazreba da amisTvis Jurnali Vanguardia–s gverdebi damiTmo. da ai, axla mTeli
ZaliT vcdilob mizans ar avacilo da Cemi msjeloba gankiTxvas ar daemsgavsos,
radgan es uazroba iqneboda: rigiani mwerlis nebismieri Txzulebis yovel gverdze
isedac SegviZlia Zalze Rrma da safuZvliani gansja amovikiTxoT.
frankfurtSi yofnisas ken folets vuTxari, rom dawyebuli marsial lafuente
estefaniaTi da dostoevskiT damTavrebuli, met-naklebad yvela romani imsaxurebs
pativiscemas, Tuki hyavs mkiTxveli, romelic masSi gasarTobs, safiqrals,
Tanadgomas, imeds, sibrZnes da nugeSs poulobs, an kidev raimes im uTvalav
SesaZleblobaTagan, rasac wigni gvTavazobs. am konteqstSi termini besTseleri,
romliTac saqmis gamartivebis mizniT yvelaze warmatebul wignebs moixsenieben
xolme, wignis iseTive Rirseul saxeobas warmoadgens, rogorc nebismieri sxva. erTi
wuTiT warmovidginoT romelime qalbatoni luisa, romelmac ZlivZliobiT daasrula
swavla, ocdarva wlis asakSi rkos kacunas gahyva colad da dReSi ToTxmeti saaTis
ganmavlobaSi muxlCauxrelad Sromobs: umzadebs qmarSvils sauzmes, dadis
sayidlebze, auToebs, akeTebs sadils da vaxSams. giJi unda iyo, rom am qalbaton
luisas mosTxovo, yovel saRamos Zilis win joisis`ulise~ ikiTxos. ra Tqma unda, mas
korin telado urCevnia, Tuki igi daixsnis realobisgan, aCuqebs ocnebebsa da axal
cxovrebas ganacdevinebs. ase rom, wignebi alubaliviTaa, erTs rom gadaylapav, ukve
meores iReb. erTi wignidan SegiZlia pirdapir meoreze gadaxvide, da Tu ase ar moxda,
ras vizamT, arc amiT daiqceva qyveyana.

serialebze ukeT

me mxolod imis Tqma minda, rom yvela wigni kargia da aravis aqvs ufleba, sxvisi
namuSevari daamciros. am TvalsazrisiT, besTselers anu popularul romans, romlis
upirvelesi daniSnulebac garToba da Tavgadasavlebia, sruli ufleba aqvs iyos
pativcemuli, Tu, ra Tqma unda, igi kargadaa Sesrulebuli. igive SeiZleba iTqvas
galanZRul, erTjeradi moxmarebis inglisur besTselerzec, sadac WeSmariteba da
sibinZure erTmaneTSia azelili. am wignebiT sazrdoobs kinematografic da maT iseTi
warmavali, magram mniSvnelovani miznisTvis iyenebs, rogoric mayureblis garTobaa.
ra Tqma unda, igi nebismier SemTxvevaSi jobs serials policiasa da arkanzasel
biZebze, Tumca, erTi SexedviT, Znelia maT Soris ganxvavebis povna. arc is unda
daviviwyoT, rom am farTo JanrSi Seiqmna mSvenieri nawarmoebebi, magaliTad, jeims
klavelis `Soguni~, forsaitis `tura~, jon le kares romanebi, igive ken foleti da
sxv.
inglisuri besTseleris sasargeblod erTi ram aucileblad unda iTqvas: igi im
naratiul teqnikas iyenebs, romlis fesvebic XIX saukunis evropul romansa da
kinoenaSi unda veZeboT. am saintereso teqnikis Seswavla da gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT
Sedegiania Tanamedrove romanistebisaTvis, radgan sisulele iqneba imis uaryofa,
rom dRevandeli mkiTxveli uzarmazar audio-vizualur enciklopedias flobs,
romelic dRiTi dRe ixveweba da viTardeba. rac Seexeba romanis gagebas, igi kvlavac
ucvleli rCeba da dRevandeli mkiTxvelisaTvisac igivea, rac manamde iyo, anu:
Txrobis problemis mogvareba moqmedebis ganviTarebis meSveobiT, msjeloba an maTi

8
kombinacia da am problemis gadaWra yvelaze efeqturi iaraRiT, razedac ki avtors
xeli miuwvdeba _ drama, personaJebi, stili Tu struqtura. magram ar unda
dagvaviwydes (da es calke Temaa), rom niWi, ostatoba, fantazia an sxva jildo,
romelic RmerTma romanists uboZa, organizebuli da mZime jafis gareSe mxolod
Cxapnaa da sxva araferi. rogorc amas winaT erTma SesaniSnavma romanistma aRniSna,
romanebi ar iwereba TiToeul yvavilze CakirkitebiT, cota dRes, cotac — im TveSi,
RvTiuri STagonebis lodiniTa da iseTi cxovrebis niriT, roca mwerali mrgval
magidebTan, literaturul sardafebSi, Jurnalis svetebsa da moduri baris
daxlebTan ixarjeba. romanis dasawerad yoveldRiuri disciplinisa da mZime Sromis
saaTebi, dReebi da Tveebia saWiro.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, msurs zogierT im sakiTxs Sevexo, ramac baton foletTan
sasaubrod frankfurtSi Camiyvana, radgan, rogorc mogexsenebaT, msgavsi movlenebi
iSviaTad xdeba Cems cxovrebaSi. yvelas mimarT didi pativiscemis miuxedavad, erTi
ram minda vTqva: modiT, nu davibneviT da yvelafers Tavisi saxeli davarqvaT. anu is,
vinc `nemsis yunwsa~ da `vardis saxels~ (orive udaod besTseleria), `TavSesafarsa~ da
`parfiumers~, an `egzorcists~ da `mefis jariskacs~ erT Taroze aTavsebs, namdvili
briyvia da sxva araferi. miuxedavad imisa, rom klasikuri besTseleris erTaderTi
mizani bazris dapyrobaa da misi mTavari moTxovnebi `mogklav~ da `dagasaxiCreb~-s ar
scdebian, mZafri siuJeti ki mxolod gasarTobad Tu gamodgeba, anda imisTvis, rom
avtorma pirveli adgili daikavos yvelaze ukeT gayidul wignTa siaSi; miuxedavad
imisa, rom maTi Zlevamosilebisa da Tavxedobis erTaderTi sayrdeni mxolod imave
bazris cifrebis dafaa inglisur enaze, rac ar unda gasaocrad mogveCvenoT, xSirad
isec xdeba, rom kargad gayiduli evropuli romani sakuTari ZalebiT ixveWs
warmatebas, sasurvel xarisxsac aRwevs da konkurencias uwevs masobriv saqonels,
Tanac ise, rom arc sakuTar fesvebs da warsuls Ralatobs. amitom, winaswari agresiis
miuxedavad, uamravi mkiTxveli aRiarebs da saTanadod afasebs mas.
marTali giTxraT, sxvagvarad verc iqneboda. miuxedavad Tanamedrove romanis
panoramaSi arsebuli kulturul faseulobaTa dro-sivrculi SezRudulobisa, rac
xan britanul centrizms axmovanebs, xan ki amerikis ukanonod Sobil kulturas usvams
xazs, romlis koleqtiuri mexsierebac samas welze naklebs moiTvlis _ masSi jer
kidev ganagrZoben arsebobas Zalze mniSvnelovani tradiciebi. WeSmaritad evropuli
romani, romelsac zurgs Rrma da mdidari warsuli umagrebs, SeiZleba
warmovidginoT, rogorc farTo literaturuli areali, sadac iberoamerikac
igulisxmeba da gamoricxviTac TiTqmis arafers gamoricxavs. es samiaTasi wlis
memkvidreobaa, romelic bibliasa da xmelTaSuazRvispireTSi daibada, saberZneTisa
da romis gavliT espaneTSi Camovida da evropis samxreTSi islamiT gamdidrebuli,
Suasaukuneebisa da renesansis epoqaSi ayvavda. Semdeg man espanuri navebiT amerikaSi
imogzaura, da ukan dabrunebulma XVII — XIX ss barokoSi kvlav ifeTqa ideaTa da
SesaZleblobaTa namdvil dResaswaulad. swored es gaxlavT is istoriuli konteqsti,
romelic aZlierebs Tanamedrove evropul romans, raTa man, warsuliTa da xsovniT
zurggamagrebulma, warmatebiT gauwios winaaRmdegoba zemoxsenebuli ukanonod
Sobili anglosaqsuri besTseleris SemoWras.

mtris iaraRi

sxva sakiTxia, es romanebi saerTod unda iwerebodes Tu ara. sxva sakiTxia, rom
evropeli romanistebi zedmet yuradRebas aqceven kritikosebisa da literaturis
Cinovnikebis azrs, romlebmac karga xania xelSi Caigdes kultura. mwerali maTi
gulis mosagebad ixarjebian da sabolood sakuTar kompleqsebs ewirebian
msxverplad. magaliTad, iseT qveynebSi, rogoric germania da italiaa, warmatebul
wignTa siaSi ukve morCilad uTmoben adgils amerikuli besTseleris Targmanebs,
TiTqos romanis dawera da is, rom xalxi maT waikiTxavs, samarcxvino iyos. imis
magivrad, rom cxovreba satelevizio debatebsa da msjelobaSi gaataro, an cxare
cremliT iglovo romanis mosalodneli gardacvaleba, umjobesi iqneba, mwerlebma
rogorme gauZlon kritikosTa wris `kulturulad marTebul~ ieriSebs da bolos da
bolos mzera miapyron naratiuli saSualebebis veeberTela arCevans, xsovnasa da
tradicias, romelic maT Zalas da siamayes warmoadgens. da Tu avtori im Tanamedrove

9
efeqtur xerxebsac gamoiyenebs, romlebic martivad SegiZlia isesxo inglisuri
literaturis an Tundac kinematografisagan, Sedegic ar daayovnebs da miviRebT
romanis axal saxeobas, romelsac arasodes moakldeba mkiTxvelTa Tanadgoma,
kargadac gaiyideba da garegani zewolisaganac daicavs Tavs. am yvelaferTan erTad,
igi SeZlebs gaemijnos evropul literaturul brZolis vels da sakuTari warsulis
pativiscemiT aRWurvili konkurenciasac gauwevs mas saerTaSoriso bazarze. ratom
ar unda gamoviyenoT saamisod Tundac mtris iaraRi, Sejibris sagnad ki vaqcioT
tradicia, siRrme, garToba.
imis dasturad, rom swored am gziT SeiZleba evropuli romanis SenarCuneba da
gacocxleba, davakvirdeT, rogor gaizarda wignis tiraJi bolo aTwleulebis
manZilze araerT qveyanaSi, magaliTad, espaneTSi. aseTi cifri warmoudgeneli iyo
oci wlis winaT. mkiTxveli masobrivad, gznebiT pasuxobs im literaturas, romelic
mis kulturul garemosa da warsuls exmianeba. amisTvis mxolod sami saxelis
dasaxelebac kmara. maT aTasobiT adamianis guli moiges. es aris migel delibesis
araCveulebrivi romani `eretikosi~, xesus fernandesis `mefis jariskaci~ da manuel
rivasis `xelosnis fanqari~. me ar vgulisxmob maincadamainc istoriul romans,
aramed sxva Janris nawarmoebebsac, romlebic Tanamedrove Sinaarsis miuxedavad,
kavSirs inarCuneben im mSvenier, aTaswlovan tradiciasTan, romlis wyalobiTac
dRemde movsulvarT da romlsac xose maria gelbensu gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
uTmobs Tavis amaswinandel statiaSi. romanebi, romlebic dRes yvelaze kargad
iyideba espaneTSi da es Zalze mniSvnelovania, ken folets ekuTvnis, kargi romanebi
Cveulebriv ar gvaviwydeba. isini moswonT britaneTsa da amerikaSic, radgan evropa aq
jer kidev mimzidveli da sainteresoa. ra romani SeiZleba iyos ufro evropuli,
vidre tomas pinConis ,,V” sadac samxreT espaneTi SeiWra Tavis laTinuri warsuliT da
samomavlod uzarmazari SesaZleblobebi Seqmna.

amerikuli sistema

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi Zalian efeqturi komerciuli meqanizmebi muSaobs.

Tu wigns kargad gasaRebis Sansi aqvs, misi inglisuri Targmani SegiZliaT erT-or
dReSi ukve daxlzec ixiloT. magram, garda awyobili sabazro ekonomikisa, amerikas
mWidro kavSiri aqvs evropis istoriasTan, romelic gulisxmobs ebraul, italiur da
sxva kulturul erTobebs. Tumca dabrkoleba amerikaSic arsebobs: gamomcemlobebs
ar hyavT iseTi mkiTxveli, romelic SeZlebda Rrmad Cawvdomoda, waekiTxa da
aRmoeCina romanebi sxva enebzec, garda inglisurisa. es ki saqmes arTulebs. Tumca am
bolo dros yvelaferi icvleba, aqtiurad izrdeba kastiliur _ an rogorc iq
uwodeben _ espanur enaze dawerili wignebis raodenoba.
beber evropas ki imas vetyodi, rom igi mxolod warsulis tradiciebTan
kavSiriT SeZlebs Seqmnas momavali, amitom man, vinc mwerloba airCia, Tavmdablad
unda akeTos Tavis saqme imis gacnobierebiT, Tu vin aris da saidan modis. pikaso ar
iqneboda, rom ara velaskesi, rembranti, breigeli. mxolod Tavqarian kritikosTa
qeba-didebiT gagiJebul yeyeCebsa da sulelebs SeuZliaT daijeron, rom raime
Rirebuls daweren, Tuki mxolod im literaturuli da kulturuli monapovriT
isargebleben, romelic kunderaTi iwyeba da tarantinos bolo filmiT mTavrdeba.
servantesi, Seqspiri, tolstoi, dostoevski, galdosi, stendali, kevedo, vergiliusi,
homerosi, dikensi, diuma, stivensoni, melvili da sxva maradiuli ostatebi,
romelTac wera gvaswavles, yovelTvis saWironi arian, sanam pirvel nabijs gadadgam,
radgan swored maTSi vpoulobT safuZvelsa da codnas, maTi daxmarebiT vaviTarebT
enobriv saSualebebs, stilsa da struqturas. evropul romans Seswevs Zala, gviambos
imaze meti, vidre cxovrebis uazrobis gamo benzingasamarT sadgurze Tavdasxmaa da
iyos imdenad saintereso, rom eqvsasi gverdis ganmavlobaSi, wignis furclebis
nacvlad, sakuTar Rips ar dascqerode. RmerTo, ra saSinelebaa! isini, visac arferi
aqvs saTqmeli, xalxs sTxoven, fuli gadayaron wignebSi, romlebic avtoris garda
aravis ainteresebs. maT ki, visac marTla unda wera, visac marTla mSvenieri istoriebi
aqvs mosayoli da romlebsac aTasobiT adamiani moiwonebs, igrZnobs, SeiTvisebs da
Tavis sakuTarTan erTad sxvaTa cxovrebasac gamocdis, vurCevdi, droulad Seudgnen
saqmes, yovelgvari morcxvobisa da eWvis gareSe, meti yuradReba dauTmon weras, da

10
ara imas, Tu ras ityvian kritikosebi xval. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia CamoSorde
megobarTa wres, vaWrebsa da parazitebs, romlebmac miisakuTres msajulis roli da
kulturisTvis gankuTvnili gverdebi feodalur samflobeloebad aqcies. mTavaria,
imuSao ukompleqsod, im rwmeniT, rom roca `pekodis~ afrebs damangreveli qariSxlis
ukanaskneli talRa gadauvlis, mkiTxveli erTaderTi adamiani iqneba, vinc daRupul
gemze Tavisianebs amoicnobs.
agoniaSi myof adamianTa erTma jgufma, romlebic jer werdnen, mere ki taSs
ukravdnen uvargis mwerlebs, mokla romani safrangeTsa da italiaSi da axla
cdilobs moklas igi espaneTSi. amis mizezi, rogorc zogierTebi SecdomiT Tvlian,
Janris SesaZleblobis amowurva ki ar aris, aramed snobizmis, usaxurebisa da
sibriyvis gamefeba literaturis TeoriaSi, didi da mcire formis prozaSi.
sabednierod, yvelas ar gvRalatobs mexsiereba, biblioTekebic savsea kritikosTa
msgavsi gulgrili SefasebebiT. isini, vinc guSin amtkicebdnen, rom folkneri da
beneti xelSeuxebelia, dRes xotbas asxamen im `ganumeorebel~ avtorebsa da
nawarmoebebs, romelTac mkiTxveli or TveSi samarTlianad iviwyebs sindisis qenjnis
gareSe. magram maT garda arseboben didi ostatebis Svilobilebi, aRzrdilebi,
Tanamoazreebi, romlebic nel-nela sul ufro meti da meti gambedaobiT (Tumca
yvela mwerals eSinia, rom SeiZleba misi wigni ar gaiyidos) mimarTaven tradiciul
enasa da struqturas, policiur Janrs, rogorc dramis safuZvels, istorias, rogorc
warsulis da awmyos gasaRebs, saerTo iberoamerikul kulturul garemos da
yuradRebiT ixedebian aqeT-iqiT, raTa gviambon istoriebi ise, rogorc yovelTvis
yvebodnen. es aris romani, romelic mzadaa xelaxla daipyros msoflios nawili _
siuJetiT, kompoziciiT, kvanZis SekvriT, finaliT da sworad dasmuli sasveni
niSnebiT.
sabednierod, espaneTSi yvela mwerals ar moupovebia `keTilismsurvelTa~
aRiareba gamamxnevebeli SeZaxilebiTa da qeba-didebiT gadaWrelebuli gazeTis
furclebiT. arseboben iseTebic, romlebic risks ewevian miuxedavad imisa,
umarTlebT Tu ara. mendozas, marses, sampedros, torentos pirovnul gamZleobas
unda vumadlodeT, rom `mTeli cxovrebis romani~ dRes isev cocxalia da
urTierTobas inarCunebs mkiTxvelTan. isini TanamSromloben romanistebis axal
TaobasTan. es ukve is birTvia, romlis eqsportirebasa da Targmnas win veRaraferi
aRudgeba. am gziT beber evropas, an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, mis im nawils, romelic Cven
gvexeba, SeuZlia mSvidad ganaaxlos sakuTari banaki. me araferi maqvs termin
besTseleris sawinaaRmdego, rac mxolod da mxolod kargad gayidul wigns niSnavs,
Tundac imitom, rom masSi iseTi mwerlebi igulisxmebian, rogorebicaa: ken foleti,
mendoza, sepulvedra, eko, martin gaite, le kare, d’ormesoni, prada, griSami, mariasi,
gala, terensi, vaskes figeroa, klensi, sampedro, kingi, rivasi, bariko, marse,
albudena da sxvani. yvela warmatebuli wignis adgili biblioTekaSia da dailocos is
dro, roca TiToeul mkiTxvels SeeZleba airCios wigni sakuTari gemovnebis mixedviT
da ar iyos valdebuli ikiTxos ucxouri romanebi an klasika da ar igrZnos sindisis
qenjna mxolod imitom, rom uRalata Tanamedroveobas an daiRala ,,Jangiani isrebiT”.
dae, yvela wigni moxvdes biblioTekasa da literaturul siebSi, magram yvela
Tavis gankuTvnil adgilas. rac ar unda moindomon gaiZverebma da imbecilebma, arc
stiven kingia umberto eko da arc ken foletia Jan d’ormesoni an antonio gala. da
kidev, aq martin gaite ufro iyideba, vidre tom klensi. ase rom, frTxilad! yvela
wigni Rirebulia, magram yvelas erT qvabSi nu movxarSavT. Tumca isic unda vTqva, rom
keTili saramago mainc yvelas gvirCevnia.

espanuridan Targmna
qeTi jiSiaSvilma

11
 gacileba∗

nana mrevliSvili

ana kalandaZis poezia

nislian mTebSi, TvalSeudgam WiuxebTan, iq, sadac TiTqos cac da RmerTic

uzomod axloa, saocari saswauli iSleba:

`gaRma beberi Satili

gorozad aizideba,
aqiT, miwuris kedelze
sxva saswauli inTeba, _
carciT weria ubralod:
poeziaso dideba!~

es misi kredo iyo - poeziis maradiuli sadidebeli, romelic arsebiTad mTeli

misi cxovrebis wesi gaxldaT. misi Sinagani, sulieri savseobis masazrdoebeli,
ubraloebisa da didebulebis im amaRelvebeli sinTeziT mocemuli, romelsac
saxelad anas poezia hqvia.
misTvis poezia is saswaulia, romlis mTeli xibli da brwyinvaleba
ubraloebaSia, radgan ara gamoxatvis formebi da garegnuli samkaulebi, aramed
gulis fskeridan amoziduli grZnoba-gancdaa umTavresi, am gancdaTa gulwrfelobam
ki advilad pova savali gza mkiTxvelis sulisaken.
misi poeziia mravalplaniania, magram emociuri foni _ erTgvari. yvela leqsis
miRma sinaziT aRsavse poeti qali dgas, romelic mkiTxvels im saocar walkotSi
iwvevs, romlis mebaReca da maspinZelic Tavad aris. umTavresi da ZiriTadi aspeqti,
romelic anas poeziis saerTo xasiaTs gansazRvravs, mZafri liriuli gancdebis
gadmocemaa. es exeba yvela, da maT Soris — patriotuli Tematikis leqsebsac. misi
patriotizmi mWaxe da omaxiani xmebis guguni ki ara, sevdanarevi da sulis siRrmidan
amosuli vedrebaa, RvTisadmi avlenili locvaa samSoblos bednierebis usazRvro
survilTan SenivTebuli, moferebaa im sulieri arsebisa, romelsac anasTvis
saqarTvelo hqvia: `qari gimReris nanasa,~ _ es dedaSvilobis grZnobis duRilia...
ucxoTa fexqveS gaTelili qarTuli miwis tkivili mouSuSebeli iaraa
poetisaTvis, am miwis daRi meCeTis gumbaTi da molaTa kivilia qristianTa taZrebisa
da locvis wil:
`sadRac... burusSi,
arTvinisaken
mTaTa maRalTa cisferi ube,
viTarca maxvils gulSi ganwonils,
dRemde Sehkvnesis meCeTis gumbaTs...
albaT molaTa gabmuli zari ganfenilia
alahis qebad...
ver gwvdebaT Tvali da guli Cemi
Tqven, Soreulo qarTulo mTebo~.

unatifesi mxatvruli yalibiT (`mTaTa maRalTa cisferi ube, viTarca maxvils

gulSi ganwonils, dRemde Sehkvnesis meCeTis gumbaTs...~) poeti mkiTxvels am miwis
sevdis Tanaziars xdis.

∗
albaT, mkiTxveli igrZnobs: am rubrikis werilebs, molodinis sapirsipirod, ar eqnebaT
gamosaTxovari xasiaTi. Cven, literaturuli qveynis mosaxleoba, anu mkiTxvelebi, aravis
arasdros vemSvidobebiT. Cven mxolod pativs mivagebT maT, vinc Cvengan midian. kritikosebi ani am
werilebis avtorebi am qveynis mkvidri, aborigeni mosaxleobaa da cxadia, RvawlmosilTa
gacilebac da maTTvis pativis migebac maTi Cveulebrivi saqmianobaa (red.).

12
 Soreul saukuneebs gadaswvdeba anas fiqri da azri. daviTis suls Seexmianeba.
ara sagmiro saqmeebi, Tavs gadamxdari da mogebuli brZolebi, qristiani mefis gancda
da sinanuli uqcevia anas Tavisi leqsis (`fexi damadgiT...~) ZiriTad Temad, yvelaze
adamianuri _ codvaTa gancda da am gancdiT gamowveuli sulieri mdgomareobaa
poetisaTvis saintereso. meti wyaloba _ Tvinier mitevebisa _ ar eguleba daviTs,
`saqarTvelois yovlis mpyrobelsa~ da saqarTvelosTvis TavSewirul mefes... ara
xorcis, sulis didebaa umTavresi... ara tkboba warmatebiT, aramed _ `gancda TÂsTa
codvaTa,~ _ amgvarad esaxeba gza sasufevlisaken avtors, am gziT miiRweva sulis
simSvide.
aranakleb STambeWdavia Tamaris saxe leqsSi `Soria Tamar.~ leqsis liriuli
personaJis arqetipis, Tamar mefis legendaruli pirovnebis winaaRmdegobrivi
Strixebis _ qali da mefe, susti da Zlieri, sinaze da amtanoba _ xazgasmiTa da
urTierTmorigebiT avtori qmnis Tamaris mxatvruli saxis harmoniul mTlianobas.
saocaria sinazis Zala, aRmatebuli yvela Zalaze... amgvar sinazes veravin
SeewinaaRmdegeba... yvela qeds uxris! TiTqos samyaros ridi da krZalva daufenia
RorRian gzaze... am gzas miuyveba Tamar mefe _ qaluri sinaziT Zlevamosili.
samyaros mTlianoba kanonzomierebaTa uwyveti, logikuri jaWviT ganisazRvreba. am
jaWvis rRveva iwvevs TavisTavad samyaros disharmonias, romlis safuZvelic
boroteba da Zaladoba, kaciskvla, dapyroba da sxvaTa Cagvra, adamianis saxe-ideis
msxvrevaa, xolo alternativa — siyvaruli, Tavganwirva, RvTis gzaze siaruli _
Zneladsaval gzaze... am gzaze momavali Tamaris danaxvaze

`cis Rimili aRaCina caman,

vards aRmoxda xmai saocari...~

ca-Rrublis Tu yvavilTa simbolika am samyaros mTlianobis warmosaxvisaTvis

aris moxmobili, xolo mTlianobis dacva-aRdgenisaTvis Tavganwirva, tkivilisa da
simZimilis daTmenaa saWiro... uCveulod grZeli da mZimea Tamaris mier arCeuli gza,
bolo ar uCans manZils... magram metia miznis erTguleba, bevrad aRmatebulia
siyvarulis Zala... da isev _ avtorisaTvis umTavresad sainteresoa ara gmiri,
legenda, warmatebuli moRvawe, aramed is, rac miRmiuria, gza gmirobisaken, romelic
adamianur gancdebze da siZneleebze gadis.
mcire detaliTa da didi ostatobiT poeti uCveulo sicocxlesa da uSualobas
sZens liriul gmirs:

`yayaCoebs cecxli enToT tanze,

Cumi nami ireklavda arils:
dedofalsac rogor gaecina,
ros pepela aufrinda wina
Wreli, pawawina...~

saxe-simboloebiTa da miniSnebebiT avtori imTaviTve imedian ganwyobilebas

uqmnis mkiTxvels:

`gamarjvebas uyioda Tamars,

beber kldeze arwivi rom ijda:
frTas gaSliso saqme SenTa niWTa...~

avtori istoriul realobas mxatvrul yalibSi aqcevs. mokle, lakonuri

frazebiT acocxlebs brZolis suraTs da gamarjvebis WeSmaritad gaTavisebul
sixaruls mkiTxvelsac uSurvelad uziarebs:

`gezRo, nuqardin borots da Tamams,

qarTveli xalxi undoa mterTan...
sustia Tamar, mZlavria Tamar
da arca Rirs xar mis fexTa mtverTa
mowmendad Zvirfas xamlisgan misa!
Sen misTvis brZane dacxroba mzisa,
mze dacxra Senda!~

13
 muxti da emocia gulwrfelia da gamWvirvale, mkiTxvelisa da avtoris pozicia —
Tanxvdenili!
aseTive mZafri emociiT, magram, amasTan, tragizmiT aris gajerebuli leqsi,
romelic avtorma kaxeTis ulamazes asuls, qeTevan dedofals uZRvna. leqsSi TiTqos
Tavad avtoric imgvarive tanjviT itanjeba da imgvarive sikvdiliT kvdeba,
rogoriTac _ wamebuli wmindani. sinaze aqac tinze umtkicesia, boroteba _ knini,
qondriskaci, romlis fizikuri Zalmosileba sulier simtkices verasdros
Seetoleba, masze gamarjvebas ver izeimebs, amadac uZlurebas sisastikiT faravs
(`dafdafebs hkres ganarisxTa, cxeli SanTi miutanes brolis mkerdTan...~). problemis
ganzogadebiT saqarTvelos mware istoriul realobaze daafiqrebs mkiTxvels
avtori. qeTevani arc pirvelia da arc erTaderTi, vinac amgvari Zaladobis msxverpli
gaxda. pirovnebaTa bedi mTlianobaSi qveynis bedis anarekli da gamoZaxilia,
qeTevanis jalaTi sruliad saqarTvelos jalaTia, romelic masTan erTad
saqarTvelosac SanTavs da awamebs. tanjvis molodinSi gamedgrebuli dedoflis
alegoriul gansaxovnebas vardis simbolos meSveobiT warmoadgens avtori
(`sikvdilis win qarTlis vardad gaexara...~). vardis simbolika qeTevanis saxesTan
mimarTebaSi sxva leqsSic (`mas, alaverdis didebul taZars~) gvxvdeba. aq ukve ferTa
gamas iSveliebs poeti da wiTeli da TeTri vardebis diferencirebiT alegoriul
saxe-simboloebs amkveTrebs: erTgan TeTri vardebi _ sispetakisa da siwmindis
gansaxiereba _

`mravalmowame gurjTa dedofals

kalTa savse aqvs TeTri vardebiT...~

sxvagan wiTeli vardebi — mowamis mier daRvrili sisxlisa da tanjvis simbolo _

`amobrwyindeba didi naTeli

maradiuli mwuxris winaSe...
wiTeli vardiT gza efineba:
codviliani nanobs Sirazi~

sikvdili yofierebis is formaa, romelTanac adamianTa yvelaze mZafri emociaa

dakavSirebuli. sikvdilis Tematikas araerTi avtori Sexebia. es Tematika suls
uforiaqebs anasac.
sevda da kaeSani, sikvdilis aCrdili, mitovebuli sasaflao da gardacvlilTa
landebi, romelTa Wirisufali mxolod Tovlia, wuTisoflis warmavalobaze da
sikvdil-sicocxlis maradiul Temebze Caafiqrebs poets:

`sasaflaoze qari daZrwis

da akldamebSi daeZebs sadgurs...
yvavni samreklos gars uvlian
da TvalTa krTomiT
daeZeben myudro savanes
da tiris Tovli
obolT samares...~

aqve avtori msubuqi StrixiT im ucvlel Rirebulebeze migvaniSnebs, romlebic

JamTa svlas ar eqvemdebarebian:

`dums sasaflao sevdiani,

viT Zveli qaldu...
gulSi inaxavs kaeSans faruls,
kiTxulobs mTvare
qvis ZeglebiT uZveles qarTuls —
nusxurs da mTavruls...~
Tumca sikvdili poetisaTvis ar aris yofierebis bolo wertili. irealuri
samyaro, rogorc RmerTis, RvTiuri arsebebisa Tu gardacvlil sulTa samyofeli,
realur samyarosTan sinTezSi moazrebuli, misTvis erT kosmiur mTlianobas

14
warmoadgens. amadac erToba gardacvlilTa sulebTan misTvis ara SiSismomgvreli da
SeuZlebeli, aramed _SesaZlebeli da sasurvelia:

`am didebuli da ciagi varskvlavis sxivi

ise mamSvidebs...
mauwyebs igi, rom arsebobs sulTa kavSiri
maradiuli da didebuli...
ratom hgoniaT, rom wasulni Cvengan
miwaze arasodes dabrundebian?
xedav, isini Tan SerTvian kosmiur sxivebs
miwiT aSlilni...
o, ciagi varskvlavis sxivi
ise mamSvidebs...~

sicocxlis Zala sikvdilSia, samyaros maradiuloba kvdomisa da ganaxlebis

uwyveti mdinarebaa. ana yofierebis amgvar filosofiur aspeqtsac romantizmiT
mosavs:

`ucxo yvavilis gamxmar Reroebs

qvis xeobaSi martodRa STenilT
rad CauqindravT Tavi mwuxared?
maT gardasuli siturfec SveniT...
rad mistirian Tavis gvirgvinebs
gaZrcvilT, ganparulT Zvirfasi TvlebiT?..
maT araferi qveynad ar undaT _
Tvis sulis mZime glovaSi Tvlemen...
qarebis guguns, RrubelTa qrolas
ar aRibeWden maTi sulebi?
gamoiReben kvlav axal foTols
da Tvis gvirgvinebs daibruneben~.

ganSorebas TiTqmis yovelTvis sevdis simZimili axlavs. magram zogjer

ganSoreba ufro mets, dasasruls niSnavs, dasasruli — sikvdils. gancdis obieqtis
raoba (foToli iqneba Tu mTa, sulieri Tu usulo samyaro) grZnobas simZafres ver
aklebs... Semodgomis sevda, qarebis kvnesa, sicocxlis mimwuxri, roca buneba saZiled
emzadeba, roca zamTris meufeba axlovdeba, TiTqos samyaroSi dakargul bavSvad
gaqcevs. liriuli gmiris sevdas mlocvelebiviT zeatotili xeebi da ugzod
gadakarguli foTlebis godeba amZafrebs:

`atirdnen mTebi da
lamis mec avtirde,
naZvebi daRondnen
da mec, mec vRondebi...
mowydnen da gafrindnen,
gafrindnen,
gafrindnen
foTlebi... foTlebi...
xeT xeli aRapyres
da RmerTi adides,
magram uCveulo
kvnesiT da godebiT
mowydnen da gafrindnen,
gafrindnen,
gafrindnen,
foTlebi... foTlebi...~

leqsSi TiTqos Semodgomis sevdiani musika JRers da am simfonias xeTa Cumi

kvnesa da moTqma uerTdeba.
sxvagan poeti zamTris momlodine dedamiwas tkivilebSi Sehxidebia, mis
Wirisuflad qceula, dedamiwisa, romelsac mSvenieri samosi SemoaZarcves da suli

15
gauToSes, yvela yvavils gamoaTxoves da aiZules Sebilwuli salocavebiviT gaewira
gaSiSvlebuli vel-mindvrebi:

`Sen emzadebi TovlisaTvis,

varskvlavis sxivebs
guli dauxSe da gaaxme
yvela yvavili...
gaSiSvlebuli vel-mindvrebi
miugde wvimebs
Seginebuli salocaviviT...
Sors gadaxizne yvela Citi, Sors gadakarge
da yovel foTols daumkvidre
sasufeveli...
modis zamTari TeTri cxeniT, civi xelebiT,
viTarca mteri da
mSvenebis Senis
mrbeveli...
Sen emzadebi TovlisaTvis,
o, dedamiwav!~

xisa Tu foTlis mesaidumles Tavadac tkivilis gamziareblad ubralo mindvris

yvavili daugulebia:

`yvavils SvCivleb
cisferTvalebians,_
me vdardob nametur,
me vtiri,
rameTu...
Zalum myvarebia!~

anas poeziis mZlavri da Rrmad gantotili fesvebi mravalsaukunovani qarTuli

eniTa da kulturiT sazrdoobs. misi mxatvruli stili arqaulisa da Tanamedrove
formebis is harmoniuli Sexamebaa, sadac arc erTi yalbi bgera ar JRers. poeti
formis gamokveTisasac iseTive daxvewilobiT, ubraloebiTa da ostaturobiT
gamoirCeva, rogoriTac azrobriv-Sinaarsobrivi Tu emociuri aspeqtis
Camoyalibebisas:

`ganZad gpovebdi: meqmnebi SiSad

da ara lxenad...
Tu Caqre, meca mivdrkebi qrobad,
foTolTa cvenad...
Tu ara — mudam damibrundeba
Cemive rwmena,
mze didebuli — viT lamaz mindvrebs...
Sen me yovelTvis momcem wynar sadgurs,
sulT dasamkvidrebs~.

Zneli warmosadgenia formiT metad daxvewili, metad romantiuli da

TavSewirvis grZnobiT gajerebuli striqonebi. namdvili siyvaruli Sorsaa
angarebisagan. amgvari grZnobisaTvis yvelaze didi faseulobis _ sakuTari sulis
Sewirva ganacdevinebs WeSmarit sixaruls trfials:

`me Sen dagxurav lamaz gvirgvins

da miT miwiers
Cems saidumlos gaziareb,
o, fiqrTa CemTa,
me avmaRldebi Sens lurj caze,
SenTvis vibrwyineb,
aRvinTebi da davSrebi Senda!~

16
 Znelia wero adamianze, romlis poeziasTan mTeli bavSvoba gakavSirebs, romlis
leqsebic mxolod poezia ki ara, Cveni fiqrisa da gancdis gaxmianeba, grZnobis
gamokveTa da emociis Tanxvedra iyo, adamianze, romelic ase uzomod Zvirfasia da,
romelic gardasuli Jamis kuTvnilebad qceula ukve. misi saflavis epitafiad albaT
yvelaze metad lado asaTianisadmi miZRvnili misive leqsi gamodgeboda:

`sadme, axlos mzei gaSlis akaciebs

da yvavilni, maT gulmkerdze dafantulni,
movlen SenTan, itireben da qarTuli,
da qarTuli,
`uflis xeliT daxatuli~
sasaflao qvis kalTaSi dagaZinebs
da, Tu mudam Sen mRerodi tkbili eniT,
sasaflao? sasaflao dumils irCevs,
qari mova, mzec Camova xSirad zeniT
da `Tbil saflavs~ Tvis oqros fexs daabijebs...
sikvdili ki ar mosula mgosnis karTan,
aseTia qariSxlian sulis bolo...
firosmani? firosmanic mova, raTa
Sens sevdian, `Tbil samares~ eamboros...~

17
 maia jaliaSvili

wminda wylis mTxrobeli, epoqis mxatvari oTar CxeiZe

`mwerali mxatvaria pirvelyovlisa,
oRond mematianecaa epoqisa imave drosa~.
oTar CxeiZe
`iyo mwerali, aucileblad niSnavs, iyo
protestanti~
iosif brodski

`stumroba magondeba hainrix biolisa. mweralTa kavSirSi. grigol abaSiZis

kabinetSi. im wina xanebSi raRac Cveulebrivi SfoTi atyda mweralTa kavSirSi.
grigolma gamosZebna saSualebai SfoTisTavebis daSoSminebisa: TviTon _
Tavmjdomare erqva mweralTa kavSirisa _ pirveli mdivani dairqva, Tormet sxvas
saTiTaod daarqva _ mdivani. albaT mociqulebis raodenobis mixedviTa. racTu ra iyo,
SevaRe karebi grigolis kabinetisa. ucxo vinme rom momxvda TvalSi, gamovtrialdi.
grigolma Semabruna: modio darCio, gaicanio, hainrix bioli brZandebao. mec
warmadgina: Cveni mwerali gaxlavTo. da Semolagdnen ro is mdivnebica, warudgina da
warudgina: mdivani... mdivani... mdivani... mdivani... mdivani... mdivani... mdivani... hainrix
biolma sicili morTo: es erTi mwerali gyoliaT da es amdeni mdivani raSi sWirdebao~
(J. `afra~, 6, 1998, gv. 226)
mogonebis am ubralo epizodSi kargad Cans oTar CxeiZis STambeWdavi Txrobis
stili, ironiis TanxlebiT. Tan epoqa, pirovnebebi ixatebian. winaswarganuzraxveli
TviTSefasebac gamWvirvaled ikiTxeba. is, marTlac, Cveni drois erTi-erTi rCeuli
mwerali gaxldaT, XX saukunis piruTvnel mematianed aRiarebuli, balzakis darad
siuxviTa da TanmimdevrulobiT gamorCeuli.
oTar CxeiZes SeeZlo gaemeorebina gabriel garsia markesis sityvebi: `me
mowodebiTac da unariTac wminda wylis mTxrobeli var, zustad iseTive, rogoric
soflis mTxrobelebi, romelTac ar SeuZliaT iarsebon, Tuki rames ara hyvebian,
ganurCevlad imisa, realuria es ambavi Tu gamogonili. CvenTvis realuroba ar aris
mxolod is, rac moxda. realuroba isaa, rac arsebobs mxolod imitom, rom viRacam
moyva~ (gabriel garsia markesi, `gasarTobi sofizmebi~ J. `Cveni mwerloba~, 12, 2006, gv.
22)
oTar CxeiZe Tavis uzarmazar mxatvrul samyaroSi hyveba cxovrebisa da
adamianebis Sesaxeb, hyveba dinjad, guldasmiT, detalurad, auCqareblad, yoveli
sityvis dagemovnebiT, ritmulad, gabmulad. hyveba sicocxlis mravalferovnebaze,
sikvdilze, mSvenierebasa da simaxinjeze, adamianis dacemasa da amaRlebaze, mitevebasa
da SurisZiebaze. es Txroba savsea samyaros aTasgvari xmiTa da feriT, gemoTi da
surneliT.
mTeli meoce saukune da XXI saukunis pirveli xuTeuli daixata mis 22 romanSi,
moTxrobebSi, dramebSi, eseebsa Tu publicistur werilebSi. is fexdafex mihyveboda
cxovrebas da epoqis ritmsa da sunTqvas mxatvrul sityvaSi Seudarebeli ostatobiT
aRbeWdavda. misi romanebi _ `boriayi~, `tinis xidi~, `cxrawyaro~, `jebiri~, `burusi~,
`cTomilni~, `meCeCi~, `aRmarT-daRmarTi~, `kvernaqi~, `nakrZali~, `landebi~,
`gamocxadebai~, `veneciuri WaRi~, `Cemi savane~, `mTagrexili~, `amaRleba~, `artistuli
gadatrialeba~, `TeTri daTvi~, `2001 weli~, `bermudis samkuTxedi~, `morCili~,
`lazerSou~ _ amisi dasturia.
mis SemoqmedebaSi ikiTxeba ara mxolod qarTveli eris, aramed kacobriobis
warsuli da momavali, adamianis miswrafebebi.
is iyo SesaniSnavi mTargmnelic. mis nawarmoebebSi ara mxolod Tanamedroveoba,
aramed warsulic warmoCndeba (`aSot didi~, ~Tedore~, `qeTevani~, `giorgi~ da sxva...)
gansakuTrebuli da originaluria misi stili, Txrobis manera, ena. `swored enis
saSualebiT gadaarCina oTar CxeiZem Tavisi didi mxatvruli samyaro im savaldebulo
kompromisebisagan, rasac bevri misi Tanamedrove mwerali ver ascda~ (tariel
Wanturia, `tragikuli onomastikoni~ wignSi: `lazerSou~, Tb. 2005, gv. 406)
oTar CxeiZis samwerlo leqsika gamdidrebulia xalxuri TqmebiT, andazebiT,
legendebiT, erTi sityviT, misi enobrivi sisavsis wyaroa qarTuli folklori, Zveli

18
qarTuli mwerloba (hagiografia, istoriuli Zeglebi, bibliis Targmanebi). am
TvalsazrisiT, yvelaze sufTa mweralia, Seuryvneli. romanebsa Tu sxva Janris
TxzulebebSi yovelTvis did yuradRebas aqcevs sityvas. sagansa Tu movlenas ara
mxolod `gamoTqvams~, aramed aanalizebs, afasebs, uRrmavdeba TviT gamoTqmuli
sityvis azrobrivsa Tu filosofiur-religiur aspeqtebs. misTvis sityva mistikuri
fenomenia, saidumlos damtevic da ganmcxadebelic, amitomac roman `morCilis~
dasawyisSi swored sityvas sTxovs Semweobas: `sityva CvenTan ars. sityvao Segvewie,
sityvao wmindao, ugvanTagan miukarebo. sityvao embazisa. sityvao RmrTisa!~
(`morCili~, gv.5)
mwerals sjeroda, `sityva iyo RmrTisa da arc ra uWirda qveyanasa... sityva iqca
saqveynoda da RmerTsac gauWirda... veRarc qveyana Seeleva RvTiT kurTxeul sityvasa
da aRarc RmerTi inebebs daibrunos sityvai igi galizRebuli, gaamqveyniurebuli,
gamovlebuli dorblian ybebSi, dacurebuli enazeda~ (`morCili~, gv.4)
mis stils asazrdoebs qarTluri kilo. mag. `mzei~ `gawiTlebaca~, `ro~ da sxva.
sityvis boloSi a _ xmovani, romelic musikalur JReradobas matebs striqonebs.
uyvars wertili, mZimes iSviaTad iyenebs (gansakuTrebiT, 90-iani wlebis romanebSi).
saxeldebiTi winadadebebi. (grigol robaqiZisa da niko lorTqifaniZis enaSic
SeiniSneba saxeldebiT winadadebaTa simravle, magram sruliad gansxvavdeba am sami
mwerlis xelwera erTmaneTisagan).
oTar CxeiZis Semoqmedebas Tvals ver gadaavleb, ver gadaikiTxav, unda
dabejiTebiT Seuyve, arc erTi striqoni ar gamotovo, Tu gemos gaugeb, Tu Seyvebi,
moreviviT CagiTrevs da gatrialebs enis Tavbrudamxvev wiaRSi.
oTar CxeiZis ena musikaluria. rogor iqmneba amgvari musikalurobis gancda?
upirvelesad, sityvaTa an winadadebaTa gameorebiT, aliteraciebiT,
asociaciebiT (monaTesave sityvebisa da azrebis xSiri gadaZaxiliT). mag. sanimuSod
davakvirdeT erT mcire, saxeldaxelod moniSnul fragments misi Sedevrad
aRiarebuli moTxrobidan `odoJReri~: `Tqves ufrosma gogonebma. erTada Tqves.
erTadve wamohkrifes cercvis buCqebi. Semoiwyves irgvliva. erTnairadve. egre
auqcies nakoSkarsaca. gadavles bogirica egreve. orRobeca. orRobecao. oRond
isicaa _ mtveri idga orRobeSi iseva. mtveri. mtveri. naxiris mtveri. mtveri
gadasdioda iqaca odoJRersa. aqac mtverSi gaexvia odoJReri. odoSi. odoSReri.
odoJReri _ gvianobamde SemorCa sityvarsa. qarTulsa. gvianobamdisa. wina saukunis
Suaxanebamde. yanas SemorCa~.
am patara fragmentSi zRvis wveTiviT irekleba mwerlis Txrobis manera,
Tavisebureba, uCveuloba, originaloba. mTavari ritmia, musikaa. yoveli sityva
gamoirCeva azriTa da musikiT (sxvagan fersa da surnelsac gamohkveTs). yoveli sityva
aqcentirebulia, gamokveTilia, amitomac xSirad svams wertils. gamoacalkevebs,
Tumca, erTi SexedviT, SeiZleboda mZimec dasmuliyo. azric SeiZleboda sxvanairad
dalagebuliyo, magaliTad, javaxiSviliseburad, gamsaxurdiaseburad,
robaqiZiseburad, lorTqifaniZiseburad, magram aq sul sxvanairi wyobaa Txrobisa, es
aris oTar CxeiZiseburi. amas ver mibaZav, imdenad gansakuTrebulia. mibaZva gana ar
SeiZleba, magram maSinve TvalSi gecema, sxvisi, CxeiZisa iqneba, radgan Zalian
gansxvavebulia, misi mignebulia da es aris marTlac aRmoCena TxrobaSi, sadac Znelia
raime axals miagno, sworedac rom Txrobis TvalsazrisiT. azris gadmocemis
originalurobaze, winadadebaSi sityvaTa wyobis Taviseburebaze gvaqvs saubari.
mwerali ar arRvevs gramatikis aRiarebul wesebs, icavs sintaqss, magram raRacas
cvlis ise, rom absoluturad axal formas qmnis. rogorc zemoT giTxariT,
davakvirdeT ara sagangebod, aramed uralod SerCeul fragments, radgan misi
nawarmoebebi mTlianad am stiliTaa dawerili, gamonaklisis gareSe. is ki ara da,
eseebsa Tu publicistur werilebsac ase werda, amave ritmiT pasuxobda SekiTxvebsac.
mivubrundeT zemoT moyvanil fragments. pirvel winadadebaSi ubralo
mxatvruli informaciaa gadmocemuli, aRwerilia viTareba.: `Tqves ufrosma
gogonebma~. Semdeg winadadebaSi imave azrs imeorebs, magram azustebs, amisTvis axal
winadadebs qmnis: `erTada Tqves~. meore sityva pirveli winadadebidan ucvleladaa
gadmotanili: `Tqves~. aq axalia `erTada~, amas usvams xazs. misTvis mniSvnelovania
swored es erTad Tqma, imitom, rom amas sxva JReradoba aqvs. Tu wina or winadadebaSi
gameorda sityva `Tqves~. Semdeg winadadebaSi imeorebs meore winadadebis axal sityvas
`erTadve~, radgan aqcenti kvlav am sityvazea. `erTadve wamohkrifes cercvis buCqebi~.

19
Semdeg aRweraSi axali detali SemoiWreba, magram is sityva, romelmac erTianoba
gamoxata, kvlav ganmeorda. es aris saocari grZnoba ritmisa, Sinagani ritmisa,
romelsac qmnis sityvaTa, bgeraTa, azrTa gameoreba Tu emociuri da azrobrivi
urTiergadaZaxili. sityvebi TiTqos eqoebs gamoscemen. Semdegi winadadebaa:
`Semoiwyves irgvliva~. aq axali azria, magram Semdeg isev erTsityviani winadadeba
modis `erTnairadve~. raRac maTematikuri sizustiT aris es ritmi awyobili, xan
Seneldeba, xan aCqardeba, Tanac mudmivad cvalebadobs. `egre auqcies nakoSkarsaca.
gadavles bogirica egreve.~ aq yuradRebas iqcevs S-s gameorebac _ `Semoiwyves~ da
`nakoSkarsaca~. am or winadadebaSi Tavsa da boloSi meordeba TiTqmis erTnairi
sityvebi: `egre~ da `egreve.~ Semdeg kvlav imeorebs sityvas, oRond ufro meti
gamokveTiT. `orRobeca~. es wertiliT gamoyofili calke winadadebaa, oRond am
sityvis gasagebi zmna wina winadadebaSia, ase rom, es winadadeba Tan damoukidebelia,
Tan ara. Tanac, raRac TiTqos zRapariviT gviambobs ambavs. sityvas eWideba, rom am
sityvam TviTon moiyolos sxva sityva, Sesaferisi Tu Sesabamisi da asec xdeba. Semdeg
modis kvlav erTsityviani: `orRobecao~. aq gansxvaveba mxolod sxvaTa sityvis o-Sia,
TiTqos `daamagra~ es sityva STabeWdilebaSi. da moayola winadadeba: `oRond isicaa
_ mtveri idga orRobeSi iseva~. aq orRobes `eriTmeba~ `oRond~. isev musikisTvis
msxverplSewirva. Tumca, kacma rom Tqvas, arc arafers swiravs, arafers arRvevs,
ubralod imeorebs, rom mkiTxveli daatkbos sityvaTa musikiT. ara gansakuTrebuli,
aramed Cveulebrivi, gacveTili, ubralo, yoveldRiuri, SeumCnevel sityvaTa
dafaruli musikiT. sxva dros Zvel sityvebs acocxlebs amave mizniT, an neologizmebs
qmnis. Semdeg winadadebaSi meordeba wina winadadebis axali detali, Tanac orjer:
`mtveri. mtveri~. sxva dawerda: didi mtverio, an yvelaferi mtvers daefarao, ara, is
orjer imeorebs da es sityva sxvaTa dauxmareblad warmogadgeninebs garemos. Semdeg
winadadebaSi kvlav imeorebs mtvers, oRond mis wyaros azustebs: `naxiris mtveri~. da
kvlav imeorebs: `mtveri gadasdioda iqaca odoJRersa. aqac mtverSi gaexvia
odoJReri~. damatebiT: `naxiri~ `gaexvias~ eriTmeba. am winadadebebSi Cndeba axali
sityva _ odoJReri, romelic damwifebul yanas niSnavs Turme. es sityva TavisTavad
lamaziaa, musikaluria, amitomac gaacocxla mweralma. TviTonac tkbeba misi
warmoTqmiT da mkiTxvelsac ubiZgebs, rom ki ar gadaurbinos, aramed, SeCerdes,
gaimeoros, datkbes da mere Caswvdes kidevac am Tavankara qarTuls, `RmerTebis enas~,
mraval saidumlos rom inaxavs. naxeT, rogor uvlis garSemo am sityvas, efereba,
ealerseba da TviTonac tkbeba da Tbeba, netarebs: `odoSi. odoSReri. odoJReri _
gvianobamde SemorCa sityvarsa. qarTulsa. gvianobamdisa. wina saukunis Suaxanebamde.
yanas SemorCa~. naxeT, namdvili poeziaa. sityva `gvianobamde~ meordeba, magram
winadadebaSi adgils icvlis, rac ritmsac cvlis. meordeba `SemorCa~. Tanac orSi
meordeba, Sua winadadebaSi ki igulisxmeba. damatebiT: `mtveri~ `sityvars~ eriTmeba.
da bolos, zemoTac vaxsene, sityvebis bolos xSirad urTavs a-s, albaT, yvelaze
musikalurs xmovanTa Soris. es aris misi Txrobis yvelaze damaxasiaTebeli Strixi.
aseTi damokidebuleba sityvis mimarT qarTul prozaSi namdvilad gasaocaria, ase
mxolod galaktioni `usmenda~ sityvebs. ase rom, oTar CxeiZisTvisac, TxrobaSi
mTavaria musika da masac SeeZlo verleniviT eTqva `musika, upirveles yovlisa~. Tanac,
am gameorebul sityvaTa mniSvnelobebi niuansobrivad icvleba. aq ara marto
musikaluri smenaa, aramed mxatvris Tvalicaa, radgan feric ecvlebaT sityvebs sxva
sityvaTa Crdilis mifenisas. es aris sityvis esTetizmi. mwerali sityvisa da sityvebis
saSualebiT Txrobis mSvenierebas SegvagrZnobinebs. igi fer-mwericaa. es aris
STambeWdavi, Tavbrudamxvevi Txroba. oRond unda mihyve, Sehyve, SeigrZno, `igemo~,
`moismino~, mere `Znelad daaRwev~ Tavs. amitomac xSirad SexvdebiT mis SemoqmedebaSi
fiqrs sityvaze, qarTuli enis Taviseburebebze, tkivilsa da wuxils sityvisa da
gamoTqmis gadagvarebaze. mis nawarmoebebSi xSirad TviTon `sityvaa~ avtori: mas
usmens, mas mihyveba mwerali. sityvas miaqvs da moaqvs musikac, feric, surnelic da, rac
mTavaria, azrica da ambavic. siuJets awyobs sityva, kompozicias hkravs, erTi sityviT,
rogorc bibliaSia, oTar CxeiZis romanebSic TviTon sityvaa `Semoqmedi~. da am
mxatvruli samyaros Semqmneli ki (sadac `sityvaa~ mTavari Semoqmedi) oTar CxeiZea, ase
rom, mis SemoqmedebaSi samyaros, sicocxlis Seqmnis misteria meordeba. erTi
saidumlo gacxaddeba, imavdroulad, sxva saidumlo iqmneba. sityva misTvis, ra Tqma
unda, RmerTia da aseve epyroba kidevac, sifrTxiliT, TayvaniscemiT, mowiwebiT,
sasoebiT. sityvisgan moelis Sewyalebas, madls, sasoebas, siyvaruls. sityvas miiCnevs

20
amqveniuri arsebobis gamarTlebad, amaoebis damZlevad. sityva SeagrZnobinebs
samyaros mSvenierebas, uTvalavferovnebas, sixarulsa da tanjvasac.
maka joxaZem Cveuli alRoTi SeniSna misi stilis bolodroindeli cvalebadoba:
`urTulesi, vrceli Tanwyobili winadadebebidan, romelTa ganmeorebadi wrebrunvac
Tavis wiaRSi atmosferuli ZabriviT TiTqos sagangebod iTrevda mxatvruli sivrcis
nakadebiT amoZravebul epoqalur procesebsa da movlenebs, romlis wyalobiT
erTdroulad iniRbeboda da iSifreboda kidec mwerlis mier dasmuli aqcentebi da
`Tavgzaabneul cenzurasTan erTad didi poetis mier `gadamkiTxvelebad~ monaTlul
mkiTxvelebsac aRizianebda, dRes TiTqos aRaraferi darCaT sasayveduro.
TiTqos yvelaferi daiSala, gasworda, gamartivda. mTagoriani reliefiviT Cvens
Tvalwin gadaWimuli pasaJebi, abzacebi orsityvian, xSir SemTxvevaSi erTsityvian
winadadebebad iqca. mxatvrul teqstSi zmnis wyalobiT iseTive Tavbrudamxvevi
dinamika Seiqmna, rogoric Tavis droze` tragedia ugmiroT~ da `Tavsafriani
dedakacis~ avtorma Seqmna~ (maka joxaZe, `odoJReri~_ warmavlobis sakmeveli~, J.
`Cveni mwerloba~, 1, 2006, gv11)
`mkvdaria eri, Tu ar ibrZvis TavisuflebisTvis~, _ wers oTar CxeiZe roman
`boriaySi~. es aris misi Semoqmedebis mTavari suliskveTeba. ase yofila odiTganve,
pirovnuli da qveynis Tavisufleba mxolod brZoliT miiRweva.
misi brZolis asparezi Semoqmedebaa. kalami masTanac `wminda sityvis~ dasacavi
iaraRi, `borotT saklavi~ da eris sasicocxlo idealebis damamkvidrebelia.
dro mis SemoqmedebaSi erTiania, icvlebian Taobebi, movlenebi, magram eris
ukvdavi suli maradiulia, cvalebadia mxolod misi gamovlenis formebi. swored am
cvalebadobas, ukvdavi sulis Caqrobas, minavlebas, gauCinarebasa Tu aRorZinebas,
gamonaTebas, gaRviZebas... gvixatavs mwerali.
dro misi Semoqmedebis mTavari gmiria. personaJebi, romlebic eris ukvdav suls
gamoavlenen sakuTar arsebaSi (metad an naklebad) dros eWidebian, epaeqrebian,
eTanxmebian, emorCilebian... da am dialogur urTierTobaSi warmoCndeba konkretuli
epoqis satkivari.
sivrce mis SemoqmedebaSi ZiriTadad ar icvleba _ es aris saqarTvelo. marTalia,
misi personaJebi mogzauroben sxvadasxva qveyanaSi, magram mTavari mainc istoriulad
moxazuli is geografiuli sivrcea, romelSic saqarTvelos ukvdavi suli `moZraobs~.
es sivrce drois ganmavlobaSi Seicvala. mwerlis bolo droindel romanebSi
dakarguli teritoriebis tkivilic aisaxa. ase rom, sulier-zneobriv sivrcesTan
erTad SemoiWra fizikuri sivrcis dacvis, aRorZinebis, patronobis sakiTxi.
oTar CxeiZe erTgulia siuJetisa, oRond cxovrebaSi mZlavrad CaxlarTuli
siuJetisa.
mis nawarmoebebs gamsWvalavs dauyuCebeli tkivili sulisa da samSoblosi,
rwmenisa da enisa.
man Seqmna miTopoeturi samSoblo, qveyniereba, kalmiT moxaza mis ukidegano
uxilavi sazRvrebi.
mis wignebSi nayofgamomcemeli sibrZnea ganfenili.
is aris realisti, am TvalsazrisiT, ilia WavWavaZisa da mixeil javaxiSvilis
memkvidre da maTi gzis gamgrZelebeli. oRond gansxvavebulia misi realisturi
meTodi. is (gansakuTrebiT, XX saukunis 90-iani wlebidan moyolebuli) realizms
amdidrebs imiT, rom romanSi dokumenturs Warbad CarTavs. cxovrebidan ki pirdapir
Sehyavs realuri adamianebi da gvar-saxelTa da saqmeebis SenarCunebiT maTgan
sruliad axali tipis mxatvrul personaJebs qmnis. es mniSvnelovania Tanadroulobis
TvalsazrisiT, Torem wlebis mere, isinic Cveulebriv gamogonil personaJebad
aRiqmebian da mxolod sqolioebi Tu SeniSvnebi gaamxelen maT istoriulad arsebobas.
`moyvares pirSi uZraxe, mters pirs ukanao~, _ ki moimarjvebda gonier andazas
ilia, magram sifrTxilisTvis `Sekazmul cxensac~ gverdiT amoiyenebda: `Cven pirTan
saqme ara gvaqvs, Cven sazogado Wirzda vwerTo~, Tumca kargad moexseneboda,
pirovnuli da sazogado rom ar gaeyo erTmaneTisagan arafers. oTar CxeiZe ukan aRar
ixevs da sworedac rom `pirTan aqvs saqme~. pirebi ki, realurni da Tanamedroveni,
mravlad arian daxatuli romanSi. Tavis Tavsac, ra Tqma unda, iolad icnoben da `lafis
srolasac~ ar daizareben. ase moxda, rodesac 1994 gamovida oTar CxeiZis romani
`artistuli gadatrialeba~ _ 1991 wlis Semodgomisa da 1992 wlis pirveli kviris
movlenebis amsaxveli grandiozuli tilo. movusminoT TviTon mwerals: `SeSfoTda

21
mweralTa kavSiri. gulmodgined namzadi yriloba moiwvia da ori braldeba wauyena
`artistul gadatrialebasa~: 1. movlenis Semdeg didi dro ar gasula da ar SeiZleba
romanis dawera ase mokle droSio da 2. wigni kerZo gamomcemlobam gamoscao. ai,
mweralTa kavSiri, ai, yriloba ai, problemebi. me im yrilobas ar davswrebivar,
yuradac ar viRe rCevani imisi Tu Teoriuli wiaRsvlebi, movadevne `TeTri daTvica~,
`bermudis samkuTxedica~, `2001 welica~. mogeriebac ro mixdeboda umarTebulo
Tavdasxmebisa~.
misi nawarmoebebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia yovlismomcveloba. am TvalsazrisiT,
tolstoiseburi mweralia. mis nawarmoebebSi warmoCenilia cxovrebis yofiTi,
sulieri, socialuri, fsiqologiuri, religiuri, politikuri aspeqtebi, rac imas
niSnavs, rom cxovrebis leqi da nakli Warbad warmoCndeba. `igi qmnis qarTvelTa
dacemis STambeWdav panoramas da dacemis am gulisSemZvrel suraTSi vWvretT
amaRlebis dvritasa da niSans~ (tariel Wanturia, zemoT dasaxelebuli werili).
rogori iyo mwerlis cxovrebiseuli gza? biografiis mSral detalebs
SegaxsenebT. daibada 1920 wlis 28 noembers goris raionis sof. yelqceulSi. misi mama-
biZani 1924 wlis movlenebs Seewirnen. ojaxi daurbies. saSualo skola TbilisSi
daamTavra 1938 wels, Semdeg 1942 wels ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis filologiis fakulteti _ dasavleT evropis enebisa da
literaturis ganxriT. erTxans soflad maswavleblobda. 1945-48 wlebSi swavlobda
universitetis aspiranturaSi sazRvargareTis literaturis specialobaze. 1948
wlidan 1981 wlis ianvramde kiTxulobda sazRvargareTis literaturis kurss jer
baTumSi, mere goris saxelmwifo peadgogiur institutSi. ganagebda ucxo enebis
kaTedras baTumis pedagogiur institutSi, ucxo enebisa da literaturis kaTedras
goris pedagogiur institutSi. daculi aqvs filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidatis
xarisxi. dawera ori monografia: `romani da istoria~ da `italiuri dRiurebi
baironisa~.
1950_51 wlebSi muSaobda saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris pasuxismgebeli
mdivnis Tanamdebobaze. XX saukunis 40-iani wlebidan 90-ian wlebamde iyo Jurnalebis
_ `mnaTobis~, `ciskrisa~ da gazeT `literaturuli saqarTvelos~ saredaqcio
kolegiis wevri.
misi pirveli moTxroba daibeWda J. `Cvens TaobaSi~ 1940 wels. mas Semdeg qarTul
saliteraturo presaSi ibeWdeba misi moTxrobebis cikli `Cemi soflis etiudebi~,
romanis cikli `matiane qarTlisai~, dramatuli nawarmoebebi, literaturul-
kritikuli da publicisturi werilebi. dramatuli nawarmoebebi idgmeboda Tbilisisa
da raionuli Teatrebis scenaze. moTxrobebi da werilebi gamodis krebulebad, xolo
romanebis ciklis umetesi nawili gamocemulia calke wignad. pirveli romani 1951 wels
gamovida. 22-e `lazerSou~ 2005 wels. 90-ian wlebSi Seqmna xuTi romani, romlebSic
poskomunisturi reJimis realoba piruTvnelad warmoCnda. misi romanebi mxatvruli
matianea STamomavlobisTvis.
oTar CxeiZe gardaicvala 2007 wlis 13 dekembers, dakrZalulia didubis
mweralTa da sazogado moRvaweTa panTeonSi.
misi sulieri biografia missave SemoqmedebaSia ganfenili. es aris, marTlac,
STambeWdavi, grandiozuli tilo mwerlis moRvaweobisa. am TvalsazrisiT, is sruliad
gamorCeulia XX saukunis qarTul mwerlobaSi.
mainc riT gamoirCeeva oTar CxeiZis Semoqmedeba qarTul literaturaSi?
1. upirvelesad, Txrobis stiliT, naratiuli siaxleebiT, razedac zemoT
dawvrilebiT gesaubreT.
2. erovnuli Tu zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis erTgulebiT:
1. eris istoria, tradicia, gvari, erovnuli Taviseburebebi.
2. humanizmi. zogadsakacobrio idealebi.
3. `marTlis Tqmis~ principi _ miseuli variaciebiT.
oTar CxeiZe gamoCnda Tu ara samwerlo asparezze, maSinve gamoirCeoda saTqmelis
simZafriTa da originaluri stiliT. tabudadebul Temebze daiwyo wera da Tavidanve
daisaxa miznad XX saukunis matiane Seeqmna, mxatvrul saxeebSi aRbeWdili istoria ki
20-iani wlebidan daewyo.
es iyo `socialisturi realizmis~ zeobis xana, oTar CxeiZisTvis ucxo da
miuRebeli. amitomac gairiya. misTvis Caiketa Jurnalebisa da gamomcemlobebis karebi.

22
 `boriays~ (dawera 1967 wels da gamoqveynda 1984 wels) mwerali `qarTlis matianis~
saTao romanad miiCnevda, Tumca pirvelad sxva romanebi gamoaqveyna.
XX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi gamoqveynda oTar CxeiZis romanebi: `burusi~ (daiwera
1954w, daibeWda 1955 w.) da `meCeCi~ (daiwera 1956w, daibeWda 1957 w.). `mwerals aqamdec
araerTxel mougeriebia kritikosTa Tavdasxmebi novelebis krebulisa da romanebis
`tinis xidisa~ da `jebiris~ gamo, magram namdvili `qariSxali~ swored `burusis~
gamoCenam gamoiwvia da arc iyo gasakviri. am romanSi xom satirulad gamoixata sabWoTa
yofis mTeli simaxinje, is umZafresi ideologiuri brZola, rac xelisuflebis
waqezebiT gaumarTes fsiqologiis institutsa da dimitri uznaZis ganwyobis Teorias.
roca fsiqologia aramaterialistur, aramarqsistul, burJuaziul movlenad
Seracxes, marTlac, naTelia, rogori daundoblobiT ekveTebodnen masac da mis yovel
damcvelsac~ (xaTuna kaSia, `mZime wlebi qarTul literaturaSi~. J. afra~. VI, 1998, gv.
240). romani gaakritika besarion JRentma, romlis Sefasebasac didi wona hqonda
maSindel xelisufalTa TvalSi. partiis cekas pirvelma mdivanmac Tavis moxsenebaSi
sagangebod moixsenia, rogorc `gamzviadebeli Cveni cxovrebis uaryofiTi da
aratipiuri mxareebisa~.
kritikuli paTosis literaturiT didad gaiTqva saxeli socrealizmma. mwerali
erTgan aRniSnavs `kritikuli paTosi ewodeboda wvrilburJuaziuli gadmonaSTebiTa
da dromoWmuli adaT-wesebiT dasnebovanebuli adamianebis mxilebasa poeziaSi.
prozaSi. dramaturgiaSi. kritikasa da publicistikaSi. aman mainc yvelas waaWarba _
kritikama da publicistikama~. erTxel gazeT `komunists~ sruli sia daubeWdavs
amgvari mwrlebisa. oTar CxeiZe ar iyo dasaxelebuli maT Soris. `egeni sad iyvnen, Sen
ro kritikuli paTosi daiwyeo. meubneboda zogi TanagrZnobiTa. zogi niSnismogebiTa.
zogi dacinviTa. me mivugebdi erTnairada. mSvidada da aumRvrevlada. `komunistma~
icis rasac ro wers. me araferi ar mesaqmeba kritikul paTosTanameTqi. raRa Tqma unda.
ar mesaqmeboda?! kritikuli paTosi ho gamohxatavda damnaSave adamianebsa
socialisturi kanonmdeblobis mixedviTa _ me sxvebsa vxatavdi: daCagrul,
dabeCavebul, umweobamde datanil adamianebsa _ imave kanonmdeblobis gamo~ (nona
kupreiSviliTan interviu, J. `Cveni mwerloba~, № 2, 2006, gv. 40).
akaki baqraZem zustad Seafasa es yovelive, roca dawera: `oTar CxeiZem icoda, ra
Rirda `burusis~ simarTle, magram aqac patiosneba gansazRvravda mwerlis simarTles~
(J. `afra~. dasax. nomeri, gv. 242).
mwerali cdilobda rogorme Tavi daeRwia cerberi cenzoris Tvalisagan: `Tumca
agnebdnen dageSili kritikosebi, manamde agnebdnen redaqtorebi, cenzorebica raRa
Tqma unda, mainc vaxerxebdi, zogi ram meTqva, maSin uTqmeli, anTu gamouTqmeli,
meTqva, gamomexvia mxatvrul saxeebSi, stilistur xveulebSi, xalxur TqmebSi, igavur
gadakvrebSi, qveteqstebSi, qveteqstebis qveteqstebSia, vaxerxebdi rogorc ro iyo~
(`am wignisaTvisa~. `boriayis~ bolosityvaoba,gv. 367)
bolo dros gamoqveynebul SesaniSnav moTxrobaSi `isev dadiani~ (Cemis soflis
etiudebidan) mweralma gaixsena goris institutSi Sexvedra nodar naTaZesTan: `Cven
erTmaneTis pirispir videqiT: `burusis~ avtori da `burusis~ personaJi. xelis
CamorTmeva Tavaziani gaxlda. Rimili wrfeli. axalgacnobisa. ar SeumCnevia meti
araferi. revazsa. meTu vigrZeni _ CemTvis vigrZeni~. Semdeg mwerali ixsenebs im dros,
rodesac axalgazrda fsiqologebi aiZules maswavleblis, dimitri uznaZis winaaRmdeg
gamosuliyvnen. `imas fsiqologia sulac ar undoda. partiasa. ris suli. ra sulis
moZRvrebao. sworedac ro suli uSlida xelsa komunizmis mSeneblobaSi. socializmi
ho aeSenebina sworedac ro gmobiTa. devniTa. sulierebisa. komunizmsac iseve
aaSenebda. cxadia da raRa Tqma unda. Sen waxvidodi diadi komunizmis winaaRmdega?!...~
...`mTavari saxe fermkrTalia `burusSi~. iq partiaa uznaZis winaaRmdega. fsiqologiis
winaaRmdega. asec iyo da asedaca jobda. ar vtyuodi. erTisityviTa. arc saxeliT ar
momixseniebia. arc gvariTa. revazi. `burusSi~ cxadia~.
90-iani wlebis romanebSi ukve gadalaxa es mouxseneblobis `barieri~ _
prototipi aRar gadaaqcia personaJad _ pirdapir Semoiyvana _ gvar-saxeliTa da
garegnobiTac. saqmeebiTac, cxadia. arc ~naTaZe~ daindo. `artistul gadatrialebaSi~
pirdapir gvar-saxeliT moixsenia: `cotas moiTmens deputati naTaZei, cotasa, cotasa.
da dgas mainca. skamze ver iTmens. dumils ver iTmens. verafers ver iTmens~.
1980 wels dawera romani `Cemi savane~ (xasiaTebi da portretebi) frensis bekonis
epigrafiT: `aq araferia sxvagan naTqvami, gamogonilic araferia~. marTlac, es aris

23
Taviseburad dawerili memuarebi. ZiriTadad gaxsenebulia goris pedagogiuri
instituti, sadac mweralma ocdaaT welze met xans imuSava. aq aris daxatulia
institutis TanamSromelTa cocxali xasiaTebi. fonad institutis cxovrebaa, Tanve,
rogorc mwerali brZanebs, daxatulia sruli suraTi sazogadod erTi saqmianobis
garSemo Tavmoyrili adamianebisa. romani 1984 wels gamovida. mwerlisve aRniSvniT,
romani cota ironiulia, rac damaxasiaTebelia misi stilisTvis, oRond aq
`imedgacruebasac unda gamohxatavdes, TviTironiasac unda gamohxatavdes~. am romanSi
mwerali ixsenebs, rogor arbevdnen mis romanebs. arbevdneno _ swored am sityvas
moixmobs viTarebis warmosaCenad. `mnaTobi~ beWdavda da masac arbevdnen. ra iyo
mizezi? `uideoao, damaxinjebiT gadmoscems sabWoTa cxovrebasa, vera hxedavs
socializmis monapovarTao da sxva da sxvao, xolo `mnaTobs~ imitomao _ amgvari
TxzulebebisaTvis ro gaeRo kari. or kurdRels iWerda erTdroulada mweralTa
kavSiri. mweralTa kavSirs irakli abaSiZe Tavmjdomareobda. or kurdRels iWerda. vina
Tqva, or kurdRels erTdroulad ver daiWero?! vina Tqva? simarjve Tqvi, Torem metic
dauWeriaT. meti. saqme es gaxlda mweralTa kavSirisa: viRac unda amoeCemebina,
gamoemJRavnebina uideobai misi, gamoemJRavnebina da aRmoefxvra, gaenadgurebina, unda
gaemarTlebina arsebobai Tavisi da warCinebazedac unda efiqraT moRvaweTa mweralTa
kavSirisa. aRwevdnen kideca~ (Cemi savane, gv. 32). more kurdRli is iyo, rom simon
Ciqovani iyo manamde mweralTa kavSiris Tavmjdomare, gadaayenes da J.
`mnaTobis~redaqtorad daniSnes. `sulerTia: sadac simon Ciqovani iyo, literaturac
iq iyo, mwerloba iq iyo~ `aiwyvites naficma kritikosebma, aqaoda socialisturi
realizmi ar Segveryeso. Semdgnen zeda da RmerTi aRar moigones. Semdgnen. culiani da
uculoo. Semdgnen. me mesxmodnen da cecxli gadadioda `mnaTobis~ Tavzeda. pirdapir
Sebma advili ar iyovo: `cixe _ cimbiris suni trialebda~. erTaderT gzad gadgoma
moCanda: `gans gavdgomodi. gavdgomodi kideca: gamosaxlebulsa vgavdi, anTu
gamoqceulsa gorSi~ (`Cemi savane~,gv.33)
roman `meCeCsac~ aTvalwunebiT Sexvda komunisturi sazogadoeba. sajarodac
ganixiles (amgvari ganxilvebis tradicia arsebobda saqarTveloSi. `jayos xiznebis~
ganxilvis gaxseneba Rirs, radgan paTosiT swored mas miemsgavsa). gamomsvlelebma
(revaz jafariZem, SoTa ZiZigurma, Salva afxaiZem, akaki beliaSvilma, karlo kalaZem,
demna Sengelaiam, grigol abaSiZem, sergi Wilaiam) sxvadasxva kuTxiT daiwunes romani.
simon Ciqovani Seecada, daecva da qarTuli mwerlobis mniSvnelovan movlenad
gamoacxada, magram besarion JRenti SeewinaaRmdega, sabWoTa cxovreba uaryofiTad
warmoaCina, gapartaxebuli da gadagvarebuli kolmeurneoba, gonebaSezRRuduli
raikomis mdivani, beci mosamarTle, gaqnili da gaiZvera finagenti, usugulo mwyemsebi
daxatao. oTar CxeiZe ki erTxel arCeul gzas ar cvlida. male `cTomilni~ dawera.
`mnaTobis~ awyobili nomeri, romelSic es romani unda dabeWdiliyo, daSales da simon
Ciqovanic moxsnes redaqtorobidan. saqarTvelodan ambebi qarTuli emigraciis
yuramdec aRwevda. TvalsaCino mkvlevarma da politikosm aleqsandre manveliSvilma
50-iani wlebis bolos radiosadgur `kavkasionSi~ specialuri gadacema miuZRvna oTar
CxeiZis am romans da mwerals `qarTveli pasternaki~ uwoda.
oTar CxeiZem gauZlo am Semotevebs da 1967 wels `boriayi~ dawera. erTi SexedviT,
ar Canda, romel epoqas aRwerda, Tumca bevri miniSneba iyo, meTerTmete kantata, maisis
mTavroba, damoukideblobis sixaruli
mwerals didxans ufiqria, ise daewera, rom gamoqveynebaze ar efiqra, Tu ise, rom
rogorme gamoeqveynebina. bolos, gadawyvita, ise daewera, cenzuras romc daeCexa,
mTavari saTqmeli mainc darCeniliyo. mTavari ki is iyo, rom iRupeboda yvelaferi,
upirvelesad, mcire xniT mopovebuli damoukideblobis gancda da damoukideblobis
wyurvili. da radgn `lagami hqonda amodebuli mxatvrul sityvas~, rogorc yvelafers
imJamad, raRac unda moefiqrebina. moifiqra kidevac.
`boriayi~ saTqmeliT da gamoxatvis simZafriT javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebs~
enaTesaveba, TiTqos agrZelebs. Semdegi wlebi grigol robaqiZis `Caklul sulSi~
aisaxa.
romanis siuJeti agebulia mogzaurobaze (am TvalsazrisiT exmianeba klasikur
teqstebs `kalmasobas~, `don kixots~, `mgzavris werilebs~...).
axalgazrda kompozitori nikuSa CaCaniZe qarTlSi simRerebis Sesagroveblad
Cadis, winaswar ruka aqvs Sedgenili, romel soflebs da ojaxebs unda estumros.
maswavlebelma yanCavelma werilebi gamoatana didgvarovan ojaxebTan, daxmarebodnen,

24
Tan gaafrTxila, saSiSi droao. moulodnel da gauTvaliswinebel megzurobas gauwevs
leko TaTaSeli. es aris uCveulo, STambeWdavi saxe beds verSeguebuli dardimandi
patriotisa, saidumlo gmirad rom miiCnevs nikuSas da cdilobs sxvebic daarwmunos. am
ojaxidan ojaxSi Tu soflidan sofelSi mogzaurobisas ixateba 1924 wlis CaxSobili
ajanyebis gamoZaxili, grZeldeba aristokratTa da sxva mowinaaRmdegeTa amoxocva.
didgvarovnebis dasasjelad sabuTi ar aris saWiro. gvari ukve safrTxea.
`saqarTvelos komisarTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile _ amx. l. RoRoberiZe _
wamdgariyo sainformacio moxsenebiTa: ... `CvenTan saqarTveloSi, eqvsi procenti iyo
Tavadaznaurobao, ... da unda gauwyoTo, sazeimod unda gauwyoT: ukve erT procentze
daviyvaneT, erTze, erTaderTze, da Semdeg sxdomaze bedniereba meqneba mogaxsenoT:
noli iqnebao: nolio. ooooooo, ra yoCaRebi xarTo, SeuZaxiaT somex amxanagebsa, Cven
verao, Cven verasodes ver SevZlebT Tqvendensao. ooooooo, verc Cvenao,_Tavi
gauqneviaT azerbeijanel amxanagebsa, Cvenc ver SevZlebTo, Tqven sxvani xarTo, sxvani
xarTo. da sxvani varTo, cerebze iwevdnen qarTveli amxanagebi~.
romanSi bolSevikebi axalmoweseebadaa moxsenebuli. axalmoweseoba mudmivi
safrTxea qveynisTvis. rodesac ukuRmarTi ideiT Sepyrobilni xelisuflebas
Caigdeben xelSi, Zaladoba mefdeba. es aris Cavlili droc da momavlis
wnaswarmetvelebac.
naxeT, rogor aRwers fanielebis amoxocvas. fanielebi, rwmeniT gamorCeuli
sofeli, jer gadabuges da gaqceulebs, CaZinebulebs daesxnen Tavs: `mkvdrul ZilSi
daesxnen Tavs xanjlebiTa, xmlebiTa, samTiTebiTa, najaxebiTa, ketebiTa Tu riTi
aRarao, visac ra mohxvda, daesxnen da rac naxes, akuwes, wamoages samTiTebzeda orsuli
qalebica, akvniani bavSvebica; sarebze Camoages orsuli qalebi da mze ro amovida, egre
Seagebes, egre Seagebes, gamoRviZebac ro ver moaswro veravina~. (`boriayi~, gv. 325)
saerTod, es molodini gmirisa STambeWdavadaa daxatuli. yvela elis. da
grZeldeba gmiris Ziebis Semwydari motivic (orbeliani, ilia,akaki, vaJa).
romanis sxvadasxva epizodSi personaJTa mier gamoiTqmis waruvali sibrZne: 1.
`qedis moxra da damorCileba SemaZrwunebeli simdablea, avadmyofobaze avadmyofobaa,
dacemulobaa sulisa~; 2. `gmirebi unda qveyanasa da WiaRuebs SesCeCebiaT xelSi bedi
erisa~; 3. `is iarsebebs, visac Zala Seswevs urCobisa~; 4. `dro yovelTvisaa, oRond
gmirebi ar arian yovelTvisa~ da sxva.
giorgi Sengelaiam `boriayis~ mixedviT gadaiRo filmi `axalgazrda
kompozitoris mogzauroba~, romelmac saerTaSoriso aRiareba moipova.
oTar CxeiZis yvela romans wamZRvarebuli aqvs epigrafi, romelTagan zogierTi
cenzuras araerTxel safrTxed miuCnevia da wauSlia. magaliTad, `veneciuri WaRi~ J.
`mnaTobSi~ epigrafis gareSe daibeWda. es is dro iyo, roca saqarTveloSi aqtiuri
brZola gamoucxades erovnul adaT-wesebs, bevri ahyva fexis xmas da ck-s brZanebaTa
mixedvT Seudga mxatvrul nawarmoebebsa Tu sxvadasxva tipis publikaciebSi qarTuli
Wirisa da lxinis ganqiqebas, kritikas, abuCad agdebas (es movlena kargad aqvs aRweril-
gaanalizebuli rostom CxeiZes wignSi: `adaTebi eSafotze, ena giliotinaze~. Tb 2006).
oTar CxeiZe am SemTxvevaSic ganze gadga, ar mihyva saerTo dinebas da `veneciur WaRSi~
saukunovani, qarTvelTa sulierebisa da zneobis ganmsazRvrel-masazrdoebeli adaT-
wesebi daicva. es romani 1980 wels dawera da 1981 wels J.`mnaTobSi~ (red. giorgi
natroSvili) daibeWda. mainc ra epigrafma daafrTxo cenzura. sabednierod, 1995 wels
romani sruli saxiT gamoqveynda. ai, frangi ganmanaTleblis Sarl lui monteskis
epigrafad gamotanili Tvalsazrisi: `ro iyos qveynad eri znekeTili, gulRia,
mxiaruli, dajildoebuli didi gemovnebiTa da unariTa imisa, sxvebsac advilad ro
STaagonos azrebi Tavisi; ro iyos es eri cocxali, laRi, saamuri, xanac Tundac
Tavqariani, TavSeukavebeli Tundac xSirada, _ gulRia Tua, vaJkacuri, didsulovani,
patiosani Taviseburada, ar unda Seaviwroo zneCveulebani imisi raime kanonebiTa, Tu
ar ginda, rom CaaxSo sikeTe misi, keTilzneoba misi~.
rogorc aRvniSneT, XX saukunis 90-iani wlebSi oTar CxeiZem literaturaSi mTeli
epoqa Seqmna. man zedmiwevniT asaxa XX saukunis bolo aTwleuli da XXI saukunis
pirveli xuTi weli. am romanTa mixedviT Zneli ar aris saqarTvelos momavlis
`wonaswarmetyvelebac~. radgan awmyoa mSobeli momavlisa.
es didtaniani romanebia: `artistuli gadatrialeba~, `TeTri daTvi~, `bermudis
samkuTxedi~, `2001 weli~`morCili~, `lazerSou~.
uaxlesi epoqis mainc ra tkivilebi warmoCnda mis romanebSi?

25
 1. `artistuli gadatrialeba~:
1991 wlis Semodgomisa da 1992 wlis pirveli kviris dramatuli movlenebi
daxatulia ironiul-satirulad. samxedro gadatrialeba warmoCenilia, rogorc
artistuli gadatrialeba. cxovreba daxatulia, rogorc eSmakis reJisorobiT
dadgmuli uzarmazari Sou: `xalxi qceuliyo Teatrada, Teatri _ quCada~;
`reJisorad eSmaki hyavs gamwesebuli, sanaxaoba esmakisaa, _ eSmakisa, imisi dadgmulia~.
samoqalaqo omis peripetiebi. `gamoWedilan erT gamzirzeda, erTi droSiT
imuqrebian. `davdgeT iq, sadac qariSxalia!..~ sad ginda dadge, _ droSa erTia,
qariSxali ori. erT gamzirzeda. erT gamzirzeda. anTu: aqaa ro qarborbala
datrialebula, xolo qariSxali mosdebia mTel saqarTvelosa; erTi drosa
CauxutebiaT, erTi droSiT hgmiraven erTmaneTsa mrgvalmagidelebi da veravakelebi,
mTlad saqarTvelo ro aulaSqrebiaT.~
drois metafizika. `dros arc namyo aqvs, arc myobadi, dro mxolod awmyoa. dro
aris, aris, aris. adamianebi iyvnen, arian, iqnebian, ranica yofilan, iqnebian igiveni.
modian, midian, miedinebian~. mwerali drois bibliur models misdevs, romlis
mixedviTac, usawyiso dro maradisobisken miedineba.
xelovnebis idealebis msxvreva: `raindobam icoda lirikuli Janrebi,
pragmatizmma _ ara. pragmatizmma gamorCena icoda. lirika, romantika, ideali,
samSoblo, saTnoeba, sikeTe yoveli taZarSive rCeboda, xatebTana rCeboda, gareTa
hqreboda qariSxalSi sityvaTa, mrisxane sityvaTa, ulmobel sityvaTa, wyurvilSi
hqreboda, sisxlis wyurvilSi~.
`nanobs RmerTi: adamiani rad gavaCine, gaminadgurebs dedamiwasa, samyaros
mSvenebas gaminadgurebso. nanobs. nanobs. gvianRa TiTze kbenani~ (`artistuli
gadatrialeba~, gv.54).
9 aprilis movlenebi. `simReraze gadadioda tankebi. Cexavda simRerasa
gaafTrebuli jari. hxuTavda simRerasa Tavmoxdili balonebi gazisa. maRla gugunebda
reaqtiuli TviTmfrinavebi, barem sulac rom CaeqciaT qalaq-Tbilisi. barem sulaca.
mTlianda. erTianada. da sdioda sisxli simRerasa, RvarTqafada sdioda~. aseTive
gulisSemZvrelad ixateba 9 aprili oTar WilaZis `avelumSi~, oRond iq mwerali
miTologiur paralelebs mimarTavs.
eris daSla: dava-WeSmariteba da samSoblo. `rogorc ufali samSobloc erTia
qveyanazeda~. ar edavebodnen rafiel erisTavsa. WeSmariteba ufro maRla aris, vidre
samSoblo, _ brZanebda b-ni mamardaSvili. edavebodnen b-n mamardaSvilsa. mrgvalebi
edavebodnen: WeSmariteba samSoblo ariso. assamoci partia aburTavebda samSoblosa.
erTi moedani. erTi burTi da assamoci gundi. RmerTo dagvifare!.. `rogorc ufali
samSobloc erTia qveyanazeda~!.. RmerTo dagvifare!.. da matulobda da matulobda
gundebi. samSoblo ara. fleTdnen samSoblosa da aburTavebdnen nafleTebsa~.
`kidev Tu rames ganizraxavdnen urCi qarTvelebi. urCi. morCili. urCi _
dabneuli, morCili _ cdunebuli. eri sacodavi: xan ro xalxs daarqmeven, xan ro _
brbosa. gamoiyeneben, _ xalxiao, gaujiqdebian, _ brboao. ara da: eria, Zlieri, mtkice,
gautexeli, Zeni dabneulni ro hyidian, dabneulnica da daubnevelnica~. `eri eria Tu
ertiania. gaxleCili erTi erTi aRar aris. gaxleCili eric aRar aris erio~.
qarTvelTa buneba: `sparseTSi amxobdnen erTimeoresa, aTenSi amxobdnen, romSi
amxobdnen, bizantiaSi amxobdnen, amxobdnen arabTa karzeda, mongolTa karzeda,
egvipteSi amxobdnen erTmaneTsa, erTimeoresa, ubeduri Svilebi ubeduri
saqarTvelosi, anu Zeni sacodavi saqarTvelosi. amxobdnen, lewavdnen, anadgurebdnen.
da. aRzevdebodnen mxolod imitom, ro: damxobiliyvnen isev TavianT moZmeTagana~.
damoukidebeli saqarTvelos pirveli prezidentis, zviad gamsaxurdias momxreTa
da mowinaaRmdegeTa mitingebi. es aris cocxali, STambeWdavi qronika, realuri
personaJebiT, realuri gancxadebebiT.
replikebiTa da JestebiT, moZraobebiT, dialogebiT ixateba xasiaTebi.
`aqardeboda mikrofoni. wereTeli stacebda xelsa. CasZaxebda qariSxalTan erTada:
`Cven davangrieT kerpebi. Cven movspeT kulti. axali kulti axali ubedurebaa!..~ `magan
jer `sami muSketeri waikiTxos, `bakulas Rorebic~ ar awyens. daabarebda qarsa
prezidenti. ifSxvneboda bareliefebi `imelisa~. nafSxveni, mtveri, goroxebi
gadasdioda wereTelsa Tavzeda. mxrebzeda....~ ~me vaswavle magaT yvelaferi,
mitingobana me vaswavle, gaficvebi me vaswavle, piketebi me vaswavle, SimSiloba me
vaswavle da axla meve Semomibrunes...~_irwmuneboda prezidenti~. `zvi-a-di!.. zvi-a-

26
di!.. zvi-a-di!..~ `aimarTeboda aConCxili xelebi universitetis wina, kibezeda.
Caimsxvreoda. aRimarTeboda. mitingobdnen ho iqaca. isxdnen Tu ara mitingobdnen.
isxdnen profesorebi. sxvani yvela xarisxisani. studentebi.
vera_vake_xelovnebisani....~ `msaxiobebi aqa brZandebodnen. reJisorebi aqa, poetebi,
mWevrmetyveli filologebi, saxeldaxelod gamomcxvari politikosebi, gadakeTebuli
istorikosebi, gadakeTebuli ekonomistebi, yvelas ro moergo axali roli, axal tyavSi
ro CamZvraliyo. yvela saxiobda~... `me ar vicxovreb gamsaxurdias saqarTveloSi, _
acxadebda mopoeto jani. mibrZandes, saiTaca nebavs,_wyalobas moiRebda prezidenti.
poets aZeveben saqarTvelodan!.. _ gahkivlebdnen safexurebi Tavzardacemuli. poets
aZeveben!.. poets aZeveben!.. poets aZeveben!.. eqo gamoscemda mTawmindidan maxaTamdisa,
mere piruku. mere moskovi esarCleboda...~ `yvelas saqme mietovebina, yvela
demonstrantobda, mitingobda, piketobda, karebsa Wedavda, karvebSi iwva, kibeebze
ijda, yvela, yvelai. prezidenti imuqreboda. Seutevda. daixevda. qveyana ukan midioda.
ukan, ukan, ukan, ukan, Sara, Sara, Sara, Sara. ~ `RmerTo gviSvele! mieci amaT
damoukidebloba, rac ginda, mieci, _ ver SeiSnoveben... vera. vera. monobisaTvis
dabadebulan, gemos ver gaugeben Tvaisuflebasa~.
realur personaJTa portretebi.
oTar CxeiZe sulis mxatvaria upirvelesad. usazRvro da ukideganoa misi xedvis
Tvalsawieri, mTel cxovrebas moicavs, wvrilmansa da msxvilmans, materialursa da
suliers, xilulsa da uxilavs.
rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, 1992-2003 wlis movlenebi aisaxa romanebSi: `TeTri
daTvi~,`bermudis samkuTxedi~, `2001 weli~; `morCili~.
2005 wels oTar CxeiZem Tavis bolo romani `lazerSou~ gamosca: romans ieTim
gurjis sityvebi aqvs epigrafad: `winaT viyav daCagruli, axlac cecxli mikidia~. es
azri aqvs gaSlili mTel romanSi.
romanis mTavari gmiri Suaxnis arqiteqtori varaz kargareTelia. bolo
droindeli movlenebis monawile. is cdilobs ganze gadgomas, magram meamboxe,
usamarTlobas ver Seguebeli guli ar ayenebs da malulad Cadis samaCabloSi da iq
ramdenime adgilobriv patriotTan erTad iaraRiT daicavs qarTul sofels
separatistTa Tavdasxmebisagan. es, albaT, mwerlis romantikuli idealis xorcSesxma
iyo. mas fizikuradac rom SeZleboda, SeiZleba realuradac ebrZola da ara mxolod
sityviT. es wadili Cans romanSi. varaz kargareTeli kvdeba da es simbolurad aRiqmeba
axla. romanis foni ki mRelvarea da aq ixateba Tanamedroveoba: globalizmis arsi;
evrokavSirisken dauokebeli swrafvis kritika: `ra sikeTea Segyara sabWoTa kavSirma,
evrokavSirSi ras elodebi?!~ cxovreba iqca Soud. yvelaferi sanaxaobaa; gvaris,
individualobis gaqroba; qarTvelTa emigracia lukmapuris saSovnelad; revolucia,
rogorc ubedureba; sxvadasxva reformis arsi da kritika; prezidenti _ `yvelafers
ikadrebs. revoluciis prezidenti. miTufro vardebis revoluciisa. vardebic unda
amosdiodes piridana~; ukanono Tu kanonoeri dapatimrebebi; uTavmoyvareo
qarTveloba; aTasgvari saprotesto aqciebi: `Cven mogiyvaneT da Cvenve gagrekavTo.
branwi gviCvenes da gamogvrekes~; urwmunoeba: `cvale monistrebi. daamxe mTavrobebi.
dairqvi rvoluciebi. Tundac vardebisa. zambaxebisa Tundacao. daWknoba elis Sens
mamulSi yvelafersa Tu aRara trialebs Tvali RvTisa; `axla fuli iyo mxolodRa
saSiSi. sxva SiSi gamqraliyo. yvelanairi. yvelafrisai. gamexebuliyo guli bedkrulTa.
mSierTa. mwyurvalTa. jer es wyaloba moetana demokratizmsa~; `iyideba saqarTvelo~:
mwerali romanSi mTlianad CarTavs niko lorTqifaniZis cnobil miniaturas da imave
toniTa da paTosiT, imave gulistkiviliT agrZelebs moTqmas: `iyideba qarTuli suli
da guli. amtanobai qarTuli. gamtanobai qarTuli. qarTuli. qarTuli. yvelaferi
qarTuli. sindisi. namusi. patiosnebai. TanagrZnobai. pativiscemai. sibraluli.
erTgulebai. uRalatobai. Tavmoyvarebai. siamayei. alalmarTlobai. siwminde.
sifaqizei. Tanaziarobai Wirsa Tu lxinSi. gulovnebai da Tavdadebai. simtkicei da
Seuvalobai. sibrZnei da gonierebai. iyideba. iyideT. iyideT. iyideT. SegargoT
RmerTma!..~ `rodis iyo ro ar iyideboda?! rodisa?!. rodisa?!.~ `bazaria
saqarTveloca~. romanis erT epizodSi sorosi eubneba qarTvel qals: `ho kargad
iyideba saqarTveloo. Tqvenis wyalobiTameTqi~.
demokratia:`aqciebi mciremciredi kidevaca nebavT _ demokratiac esa yofila.
meti araferi. Cven Tu ar gavalT. ZaliT TviTonve gagviyvanen. agvatareben da

27
Cagvatareben. gvayvireben da gvabRavleben. ise da imsimaRleze iseodenze, raodeni
demokratiaca TviTona nebavT~.
Tanamedrove amerikeli romanistis, uolker persis azriT, romanisti hgavs Zveli
aRTqmis winaswarmetyvels, romelic usiamovno movaleobas kisrulobs, acnobos Tavis
moqalaqeebs, saqme cudad aris, cud gzaze dgaxarTo (uolker persi, `romanis
mdgomareoba: momakvdavi xelovneba Tu axali mecniereba~. J. `Cveni mwerloba, 16, 2006,
gv. 27)
amgvari winaswarmetyveleba Cans oTar CxeiZis mxatvrul nawarmoebebsa Tu
werilebSi.

28
 amiran arabuli

bursaWiri

madlieri davrCebi, Tuki mkiTxveli am

umniSvnelo opuss goderZi Coxelis samareze
danTebul kent sanTlad CaTvlis.
a.a.

`_mgonia,rom gudamayris xeoba didi wignia. mTebi ydebada aqvs am wigns da

SigniT uamravi moTxroba weria. mze da mTvare manaToblad myvanan, vzivar CemTvis,
gadaSlili maqvs es ucnauri wigni da vkiTxulob..~
am didi, Tvalmisavali mTebiT Semorkaluli tevadi wignis bolomde Seucnobi
furcelia bursaWiri, sadac goderZi Coxels bevri patara, idumali, saintereso
moTxroba eguleboda da, samwuxarod, snebovanma sawuTrom, cru da Ralatianma
sofelma yvela moTxrobis moZiebis, mignebisa da dagemovnebiT wakiTxvis bedniereba
aRar aRirsa.
ara mxolod gudamayris xeoba, mwerlisTvis yoveli adamiani moTxrobaa da
TiToeul `maTgans saTaurs uZebnis~; aseve, wigns hgavs sofelic, `wamkiTxveli Cven
varT suyvela, wignSi vkiTxulobT didi soflis amaoebas..~
CaWrilais, qideqis, narianis, elias da ozanos mTebTan, sakidobnias, bucnaxevis
da sayornis tyeebTan, zegardis, kviriais da vaniskaris gorebTan, natbevis da
bakurxevis WalebTan, xosrokldesTan da qvenamTis gadasasvlelTan erTad
bursaWiria is lokaluri geografiuli garemo, adgilobrivTa saarsebo sivrcis
saimedo sayrdenad mosaazrebeli madliani adgili, romlis bed-ubedoba,
gaiSviaTebuli silaRe da moxSirebuli tkivili, dRe-Rame da dar-avdari
araordinaruli xedvis RvTiuri niWiT dajildovebuli Tu dasjili Semoqmedis
gulze gadadioda, naSaSrs tovebda da droTa ganmavlobaSi gaCenil sevdis mwvave
iaras TandaTanobiT uRrmavebda, uarjlebda da ufarTovebda..
Caivlida dro `Tavis gzaze kabis bolos frialiT~ da mTis kidev erT sofels
waSlida miwis kalTaze.
ase waiSala fasanauris TemSi Semavali wiklaurTa sofeli bursaWiri..
`bunebis codviT gulgasenili Savi aragvi~ xandaxan `lurji ZarRviviT~
daetyoboda `RorRian xeobas...~
erTnairad daberdebodnen `Semodgoma da samZivari...~
`casa da miwas erTi feri daedeboda~. da es feri “gardacvalebis feri iyo,
mtknari da mitkaliviT TeTri~.
da Zalian hgavda xilul saaqaos warmosaxvismieri saiqio...
gudamayris viwro xeobis xveuli bilikebiT uaxlovdebodnen da mieaxlebodnen
RvTaebaTa wmida sabrZanisebs goderZi Coxelis gmirebi; am bilikebiT mimodiodnen da
xvdebodnen erTmaneTs buTula da SuRlianT maxara, xeCo da civaT mixa, jRuna da
maSvniais Tedua, beri da qaqeenT kola, mzeqali da omaraT baTila, devgareuli da
xizanianT fidua, samZivari da filipianT vanua, mwaria da kotorianT qali, bibRia da
meqobaurianT buTula, aka da ziTandari, SeTe da juRura, lega da Tadeozi, CaCa da
adami, Salva Tamniauri da martia bubunauri..
amave xeobaSi iTleboda maTi akvnis da kubos ficrebi.
da Zalian mokle iyo manZili am or _ droebiT da samudamo _ sawols Soris..
Temidan uRirseboTa mokveTis niSnad gudamayris gamosaCen gorebze drodadro
samrisxvelo samanebi Cndeboda.
da es samanebi iyo gamyofi xTonurisa da RvTaebrivisa..
swamdaT, rom `ucnaur da uTqmel~ uzenaesTan erTad suleTis anu saiqios
RmerTic arsebobda.
da aqauri xalxi `sicocxlesa da sikvdils erTnairad scemda pativs...~

29
 ***
moTxrobaSi “moZRvari” al.yazbegi wers: ”zafxuli iyo. bursaWiris ReleSi
uricxvi cxvari idga. mwyemsebs jalaboba sawvelad moeyvanaT da yvelsa da erbos
amzadebdnen..”
es xom Cemi siymawvilis msuyed ferovani da Tvalis bolo damwuxvamde
dauviwyari suraTia!
ra dro-xani gasula, gacrila, wamebi da wuTebi Camarcvlula da mexsierebaSi
amoWdeul dReebs xelTuqmneli Suqi ar dahkargvia, siTbo da intimi ar mohklebia.
bursaWiris gavliT deduleTSi wasvlamde ufrosebisgan mesmoda am xibliani
xeobis saxeli; mesmoda da, ratom, ar vici, iseT alagad warmomedgina, sadac
jadosnuri zRapris Tvalsacera gmirebi adliani nabijebiT Raraven qvanarev miwas,
gemowminda wyaroebTan xmatkbili feriebi binadroben, Salan-diyis tevrSi
SavSuaRameT kacTa samtrod da samavneod samalavebidan gamosuli briyvi devebi
dabajbajeben da Tvalis salbunad amoJoJinebuli simwvane arasdros icriceba...
mere, mogvianebiT, dedis naTqvami xalxuri leqsi damamaxsovrda:

`bursaWirisa Sav wyalo,

reqasa geZaxiano,
duSmanT guliviT mirRvao,
Worian-saZraxiano.
mTiulis qalebs moswonxar,
mainc ar geSvebiano,
me ki mindixar aRara,-
gunebam gaditrialo...~

bursaWiramde qvenamTa (es Tu “qvenaa”, “zena” sadRaa?!) gvqonda gasavleli;

qvenamTamde - “kibe” da qanCaxian, CamoConCxil kldeze gaWrili viwro gzasipi, romlis
eldismomgvrel monakveTebs utyuari cxoveluri alRoTi, sxvarigi sifrTxiliT da
oflmomskdari mkerdis jiSiani feTqviT miikvlevda movercxlili aRvir-unagiriT da
Wreli xurjiniT morTul-mokazmuli cxeni..
ori saukunis winaT, ufro zustad, 1803 wels Sedgenili proeqti gudamayris
xeobaze samxedro gzis gayvanas iTvaliswinebda, gzisas, romelsac bursaWiris
zekariT snos xeobasa da, Semdgom, darialSi unda gaevlo.
1847 wels mTavarmmarTebel voroncovs xsenebuli proeqti dauwunebia, uaruyvia
da samxedro gzis mSeneblobas TeTri aragvis xeobaSi Sesdgomian..
qvenamTa.
araerTgvarovani reliefis am uzarmazar mTas axlac atyvia mxargaSla siganis
mix-moxveuli nagzaurebi.
istoria cocxlobs; raRac ikargeba, icriceba, magram mainc sunTqavs, arsebobs...

`qvenamTa gadaiares,
fers idevneben mglisasa...~

mTiel vaJkacTa, gamoxedvaSi mglis bewvgareulTa, gulrkinaTa da lomisferTa

Sesaxebaa naTqvami.
saiT midian sisxlaborgebuli svilisferi moymeni? visi deda unda atiron
mduRare cremliT? vis colsa da asuls unda Caacvan yornisferi talavari?..
esec xom Taviseburi matianea, zepiri sityviT dRemde motanili, sando da
ueWveli, magram sadRaa maTi nafexurebi, nakvalevi, xma da saxis ieri?
gadauvliaT qvena-zena mTebi da gauCinarebulan; nislis gril fardebs
mihfarebian, suleTis samans gadasulan da samoTxis edem-baRebSi damkvidrebulan,
saTiTaod CaukrefiaT `ukenobis~ mzis mewamuli sxivebi, ulewiaT kuTvnili kalo, maja
da mxar-mklavi vadajvriani xmlebis qnevaSi dauRliaT, dauRamebiaT grZeli dRe da..
he, hee!.. wasulan.. wasulan..
maxsovs qvenamTis misadgomebi, cxen-mxedris momcelavi Ronieri aRmarTebi,
Roloiani nawidrebi, gamyavrebuli nabinavrebi, usufTavesi binulebi,
napirebaferadebuli nakadulebi, kesanes lurj laSqarSi mikarguli bilikebi,
wvrilad dalewili moelvare qviSiT waperangebuli ferdobebi..

30
 maxsovs is adgilebi,sadac vCerdebodiT, vqveiTdebodiT, visvenebdiT, cxenebs
wabalaxebis saSualebas vaZlevdiT da gza-mgzavrobis angelozs vadidebdiT xolme..
moxeveebs cxvris farebi edgaT qvenamTas.
Warbobdnen snovlebi da karkuClebi.
xalvaT saZovrebs Sveba mohqonda trial cisqveSeTs mikerebuli najafari
mwyemsebisTvisac da wvrilfexa pirutyvisTvisac.
iq izafxulebdnen.
wvelidnen cxvars.
wlis nawvel-nadRvebiT arCendnen ojaxebs, xelmokle axloblebs..
Cems saferxes, romelic jer kidev ucad mxedars mando Tanasoflelma, `TamaSa~
erqva. Calisferi gadahkravda. iorRa iyo. tan-momcro da koxtad dakvalTuli..saxels
amarTlebda, marTlac TamaS-TamaSiT misdevda busnos, biliks, buerians..
pirvelad mivdiodi deduleTSi da guli unapiro siamayis siamiT Zgerda..
`bursaWiris Rele edemia, romelic kacs daxuruls guls gauRebs, javrs
gauqarwylebs da sevdas aSorebs...~
al. yazbegis `moZRvari~ xom, garkveuli azriT, bursaWiris da misi mimdebare
yure-mares veluri silamazis erTgvari mxatvruli tiloa, sadac didi adamianuri
tkivilisa da tragediis TandaTanobiT samzadiss veswrebiT da, samwuxarod Tu
sasixarulod, arafris Secvla ar SegviZlia, ar Segvwevs saimiso Zala, rom mayvalas,
gela goderZiSvils da onise arabuls pirkupri janRi da Rrubeli avaSoroT, bedi
sawaRmarTod `vuqcioT~, `wera movxadoT~, cxovrebis Carxi Tu borbali sakaod
SevutrialoT..
Cven xom Cveulebrivi mkiTxvelebi varT.
maTi tanjuli cxovrebis gacnobiT vnaRvlobT, vwuxvarT, vsevdianobT.
meti araferi ZalgviZs..
sadRac ager, aq, cadamaRlebuli frialoebis da ZuZuuSreti mTebis garemocvaSi
idga qveynis amaoebiT Tavmobezrebuli gudamayris xeobis moZRvari onofre...
jamaaTs ganridebuli da gakideganebuli bursaWiris kldeebSi gandegilobda...
qvisgan aSenebul sakurTxevelze jvari da saxareba esvena da sulis ubiwoebis
gadarCenas enukvoda ufals.
`ubralos gamoqvabuls kldeSi~ dayudebuli moZRvari da mayvala zogi ramiT
saocar msgavsebas avlenen ilia WavWavaZis gandegilTan da ciuri mSvenebiT savse
mwyems qalTan.
da es orive genialuri nawarmoebi raRaciT vaJas `gvelis mWamelTan~ abams
genetikur-tipologiuri siaxlovis uxilav Sibs.
amaRleba da codviTdacema, adamianis sulieri siwmindis mtvermiukarebeli
mwvervalidan dabla daSveba da miwaze mwared danarcxeba..
magram axla me ori Tanamgzavris TanxlebiT bakurxevSi miviCqari,zedmetad
cnobismoyvare balRis dauokebeli interesiT vaTvaliereb midamos da rac
klasikosTa kalmis iRblian monasmebSi xdeba, jer ambadac ar msmenia..
`mudam daburuli, daRvremili da SekumSuli bursaWiris frialo nisls
arasodes ar iSorebs...~
wvima iwyeba..
gaRma-gamoRma, serdaser da qedidan qedze sasikvdilod daWrili jixvis
cremliviT (gvian, didobaSi, esec minaxvs!) ankara wvimis svetebi Camomdgaran,
CamoSvebulan..
kuT-kuTad danawevrebuli nislis fumfula sabani dahfarebia wvrilxevebs,
Releebs, ialaRebs, nair-nairi yvavilis uTvlel ferSi amRerebul gzispirebs da
bursaWiris gadasavals, romlis simaRle 2377 metrs aRwevs..
bursaWiris ReleSi grili niavi gvegebeba.
amindi xom uceb, `TvalwamaerTis xanze~ icvleba mTaSi.
ufrosebis gamocdilebas dandobili uSiSrad vzivar unagirze da
sadavemiSvebuli `TamaSac~ gaxSirebuli sunTqviT miuyveba qvian biliks.
naSali mTis zedatans iseTi xifaTiani gzawvrili gasdevs, Tu ar
ifrTxile,SeiZleba mSxepri wvimebiT Carecxil xevSi aRmoCnde da Tuki cocxali
gadarCi, gamCens madlobas SeuTvli da `sameSvlos~ SeuTqvam..
CamoqveiTebuli Tavqve eSvebi. morCilad mogyveba damsubuqebuli `TamaSa~.
qvemoT bursaWiris xeobas gauxsnia gadaxasxasebuli gul-mkerdi.. sul cota xnis win

31
uimedod gamijnurebul moymesaviT daRvremil casac aukarebia da CaRma Camavali mzis
mibJutuli sxivebi Tavgametebulad CaRvrilan qideqis naWrela-naoWebSi..
`ruseTisken mimavali gza, _ vkiTxulobT al.yazbegis moTxrobaSi `berdia~, _ am
ormociode wlis winad, midioda gudamayris xeobazed, gadadioda zamTarSi Znels
gasavlels bursaWiris mTazed da Cadioda snos xeobaSi...~
warmodgenac ki Znelia, ra Zal-Ronis patroni da amtani unda yofiliyo mgzavri,
zamTarSi am gzis gavla rom SeZleboda. albaT wamdauwum, yovel nabijsa da
mosabrunSi CaCumqvra da gaToSva emuqreboda, zvavi exedveboda, Savi yorani dahyefda
da sikvdili hyavda Casafrebuli daundobeli amindisa da gaveSebuli bunebis umweo
arCivs...

`neta ra qarma dauqrola

vaJebs mag bubunaurebsa,
gadmouyria boslis Tavsa
qarsa mag bursaWilisasa~.

xmiT natirlis am striqonebSi srulyofilad Cans klimaturi saxe da xasiaTi

bursaWiris xeobisa..
aranakleb zavTiani faTeraki darielobda adamianis sicocxles gazafxulisa da
zafxulis wyaldidobebSi.
xeobis yinulian saTaveebSi fexadgmuli mdinare reqa CanTqmas uqadoda mis
mRvrie talRebTan morkinal nebismier suliers.

`wyalo, reqasa nu gairev,

bursaWilulsa, codviansa...~

bevri berisa Tu axlis sunTqva hqonda Caxveuli da amitom iyo reqa `codviani~.
me-20 saukunis 40-ian wlebamde “bursaWiri” sofels erqva, dRes is nasoflaria.
uaresic: naoxari da napartaxali.
1929 wlis statistikiT, bursaWirSi wiklaurebis gvaris 16 mekomurs ucxovria.
axla, zafxulobiT, TiTo-orola mecxvare da meZroxeRa Tu aaCqamebs
iqaurobas...
namdvili pastorali, ganedlebuli bunebis janmrTel ZarRvTan adamianis
gaubzaravi erTianobis mZafri SegrZneba, simSvidis, silamazisa da idiliis is
waruvali gancda mas mere, mgoni, aRarc ganmeorebula da, raoden sawuxic unda iyos,
darwmunebuli var, piradad CemTvis aRarc ganmeordeba.
utbuni avdrisgan amirRvebul reqas napirze sami Tu oTxi qoxi dgas.
vuaxlovdebiT mdinares da Cvens danaxvaze lamis ca Camolewon myefrebma. samxrobis
xania. qideqis Suawels mimcvreuli cxvris cia TeTri fara SeumCnevlad moiwevs
qvemoT... xelmarcxniv jaWvisferi Wiuxis cali mxare livlivebs. wvimagadavlil mTebs
xaverdovneba momatebiaT... qoxebs Soris Wrelkabiani qalebi Canan: erT-erTi qoxis
ukan, moRobilSi, bavSvebi TamaSoben... TvalmarRi reqa SfoTavs, boboqrobs da
xmauriT moagorebs galipul qvebs. cxenebs ar uWirT gafoTebuli, viwro sadinarSi
Camwyvdeuli, fonuCinari mdinaris garRveva... gavdivarT gaRma da daRrenili
ZaRlebiT garemoculni aviaRmarTebT cicabo beqobs... Soriaxlodan gvSiSaven da
maTraxebis simwris `xaTriT~ mTlad axlos mosvlas ver bedaven mecxvareTa bina-
sabadeblis mousyidavi darajebi.. ferdobze daRvrili Sratis da umi rZis najeri
suniT gaJiebula mTeli midamo... romeliRac qoxSi garmoni aCqamdeba. msubuq
talRebad swvdeba yurs xmatkbili sakravis naRvliani melodia. damkvreli ar Cans.
Tqma ar unda, Cvens gasagonad ukravs. male simRerac ahyveba mTis aRmaval melodias
da wlebis mere, roca is dRe maxsendeba xolme, maSin nanaxi epizodi mwyemsTa
cxovrebidan RvTiT xelmomarTuli reJisoris mier dadgmuli erTi grandiozuli
speqtaklis ferucvlel fragmentad warmoisaxeba jiuti maxsovrobis mgrZnobiare
ekranze..
rogorc Cans, Zalze Wirda bursaWirSi (soflis saxelis semantika da
etimologiac amaze mianiSnebs!) cxovreba. sofel-qveyanas kai manZiliT daSorebuli,
gamoJamyruebuli xeobis zamTari xom jan-Ronis damlevi iqneboda iqauri
mosaxleobisTvis.
TumcaRa xalxur leqsze ukeT me ra unda vTqva:

32
 `bursaWiri-
sulTa Wiri,
suli kbiliT saWeria,
xelSi balRi,
zurgT- akvani,
kari kbiliT saRebia...~

mivdivarT da aRmarTs bolo ar uCans.

zogan isea Cafxekili da Cafxavebuli sacalfexo biliki,vqveiTdebiT da win
mivuZRvebiT gulamovardnil cxenebs.
ucxo panorama iSleba TvalsakidSi..
wasaxemseblad wyarosTan visvenebT.
aqedan muxlis erTi moRlaRa rCeba cis tatnobamde.
xolo qideqis qariani uReltexilidan bakurxevi-Cemi deduleTi (`dedulaT
sofeli~) unda gamoCndes, sakerpos SuagulSi aRmarTuli ori uzarmazari alvis xiT
da ayvirebul balaxSi gafantuli saxlebiT; deduleTi, romelic cxadad jer ara,
xolo sizmarSi ukve mravaljer maqvs nanaxi...

***
gamoxda xani.
davamTavre skola da gavxdi studenti.
studqalaqSi gavicani goderZi Coxeli..
nacnobobis winaxanebSi ,sxva Tu araferi, bursaWiri xom mainc gvaaxlovebda da
gvakavSirebda erTmaneTTan.
hoda, erTxelac, 1980 wlis oqtomberSi, gulma orives mTebisken gagviwia.
CoxSi asulebs lela deida, goderZis deda, saxlSi ar dagvxvda. vicodiT, rom
gvian Semodgomamde, acivebamde da gabmuli wvimebis xorxoSela Tovlad qcevamde,
bursaWirSi aJamkrebda Tavis cxvar-Zroxas da Cvenc aRar dagvixanebia, maSinve aRma
avuyeviT RorRiani xeobis daRvarul bilikebs..
ramdenime miwuri, baniani saxlis danaxvam gamaxalisa, sicocxlis sunTqva
magrZnobina da, raRa Tqma unda, deduleTSi cxeniT mgzavrobis ganumeorebeli
dReebic cxadliv gamaxsena..
orad-ori modRevnebuli qali SerCenoda acriatebuli bursaWiris sevdian
sanaxebs: mTielTaTvis uCveulo siTboTi savse lela deida da pirtuqsi kotorianT
qali _ Semdgom goderZis ramdenime moTxrobisa da moklemetraJiani mxatvruli
filmis `adgilis deda~ kolorituli gmiri.
reqa veRarc ki vicani, iseTi damwdar-dawmendili da dawynarebuli
molivlivebda Tavis Zvelsa da napirebnacveT ucvlel sadinarSi..
xolo gudamayridan ukan dabrunebulebma es patara Canaxati Tu etiudi (rac
gnebavT, is daarqviT) davwereT erTad:

bursaWiris ferdobi

SemodgomobiT, roca cxvar-mecxvare sazamTrod aiweweba xolme, bursaWiris

ferdobi wynardeba, qalebisa da wvrili balRebis anabarasRa rCeba. mere neba-neba
isinic toveben iqaurobas da soflebSi Camodian...
zamTris molodinSi gaxmeba balaxi, gaicricebian yvavilebi, gafermkrTaldeba
zeca, saxlebi Cumad sxedan gadayviTlebul xeobaSi.
sadRac cxvris faras CamorCenili, kudamoZuebuli ZaRli Tu gairbens. isic ar
iRebs xmas. patara lekvebi hyavs sipqveS Sefarebuli, imaT gulisaTvis veRar gahyva
mwyemsebs..
sul bolos kotorianT qali tovebs bursaWirs. wamosvlamde moaduRebs uwylo
xaviws, Cadebs qoTanSi, boTlSi winwanaqar arays Camoasxams da xaviwTan erTad kaloze
dadgmul kidobanSi Seinaxavs zamTarSi SemTxveviT mis saxlSi Ramis gasaTevad misuli
monadireebisaTvis. sajixvis wverze pirveli Tovli rom gamoCndeba da TeTri saxiT
daacqerdeba bursaWiris ferdobs, kotorianT qali adgilis dedas Tavs
Saaxvewebs,saqonels win gamoiyris da isic qvemoT wamova. kabis kalTaSi patara

33
lekvebi usxeds, ukan ZaRli mohyveba. TiTqmis yovel Semodgomaze asea, xan sami
ZaRlic ki mosdevs xolme kotorianT qalis kalTaSi akrusunebul lekvebs...
kotorianT qalis wamosvla zamTris dadgomas niSnavs bursaWirSi, xolo ukan
mibruneba-gazafxulis moZalebas. raRaciT gugulsa hgavs kotorianT qali... -
gazafxuli modis, kotorianT qalma bursaWirisken aiarao, _ ase grZnoben
gudamayrelebi gazafxulis mosvlas...
zis kalobanze kotorianT qali da molodiniT gahyurebs qvenamTis
gadmosasvlels, saidanac mwyemsebi unda movidnen. ase iwyeba bursaWiris cxovreba...

***
`Tevzis werilebis~ mesame gamocemis (2001w.) anotaciaSi avtori wers: `sul
pirvelad bebiis sikvdili ganvicade. imis mere aRar mivutovebivar sikvdilis mier
mogvril saSinel gancdas. xan Zroxa gadmogvivardeboda maRali mTidan, xan cxvars
SegviWamda mgeli, xan mezobels moukvdeboda gaRma sofelSi naTesavi, drodadro
yvavi Semojdeboda soflis bolos anda soflis zemoT romelime xeze da mohyveboda
avismauwyebel yrantals. _ raRac avi ambavi gaigoneba, viRac mokvdeba! _
mohyvebodnen viSviSs moxucebi da es SeSfoTebuli viSviSi dRemde momdevs, dRemde
mafrTxobs, dRemde maeldebs. raRac amoucnobi sevdiani kaeSniT aris Cemi guli savse
da vwer moTxrobebs sikvdil-sicocxleze, iqneb rogorme sxvas mainc gavuqarvo amiT
sikvdilis kaeSani~.
sikvdili goderZi Coxelis moTxrobebis, romanis `adamianTa sevda~ da
mxatvruli filmebis saxieri, sruluflebiani personaJia. is dRemudam adamianTa
Soris myofobs, trialebs, maT kvalSia Camdgari, Cadarajebuli, TvaliT xan
saxilvelia, xan _ ara, da, rogorc vaJa ityoda, misiT Svenobs sicocxle..
`_ ra aris sicocxle?
_ sicocxle sevda aris, adamianad yofnis tkbili sevda.
_ sikvdili?
_ sikvdilic sevda aris, adamianad aryofnis sevda~.
Znelia yofna-aryofnis Seqspiruli dilemisa Tu kacobriobisTvis dRemde
dauZleveli problemis amaze ufro xatovnad, STambeWdavad da lakoniurad
formulireba.
amgvar daskvnamde Tu Tvalsazrisamde rom mixvide, jer aseTi ram unda ganicado
da amoTqva:
`mze Cadis.
dedakacebi isev safixvnoSi sxedan da Zvlebs iTboben.
_ ninuav!
_ sofiav!
_ marTav!
_ kanuSav!
Tqveni udrood Camoberebuli Zvlebidan adenili susti ali mikidia sulSi.
Tqveni oxvra minTia sanTlad. Tqven muxlebSi Camdgari sibere maeldebs...~
anda es moismino, gaiTaviso da dainamdvilo:
`avahme!
es sityva raRaciT hgavs gudamayrel dedakacebs, Tuki SeiZleba sityva adamians
hgavdes da msagvseba zogad saxes atarebdes~.
goderZi Coxelis qristianuli TvalTaxedva da adamianTa zogadi warmodgena
sawuTros orgemage bunebis Taobaze, xSir SemTxvevaSi, Tanamsgavsia, maT Soris sruli
Sesabamisobaa da mkiTxvelic, gonieri da gamgebi, dandobilad mihyveba mwerlis
filosofiur azrTa dinebas.
`_ dasasruli ar arsebobs.
_ rogor Tu ar arsebobs?!
_ ise, raimes dasasrulSi yovelTvis dasawyisi dgas...~

***
albaT arcerTi sxva cneba Tu wodeba ise arsiseulad ar miemarTeba da esadageba
mweral goderZi Coxels, rogorc _ `saxalxo~. misi azrovneba, msoflxedva da,

34
gnebavT, weris manera, genetikurad iyo mibmuli da dakavSirebuli `ubralo~ xalxis
qmnadobis niWTan, garesinamdvilis poeturi aRqmis specifikasTan, mis sada,
yvelasTvis misawvdom saukunovan sibrZnesTan. leqsikiT dawyebuli da damTavrebuli
friad popularuli Tu naklebadcnobili siuJetebiT, g. Coxelis prozaSi arc ise
Znelia xalxur-kilokavuri paralelebisa da miTosuri anareklebis mikvleva. `nedli~
zepirsityvieri teqstisa Tu Sesityvebis CarTva individualur narativSi
aprobirebul sulier RirebulebaTa xelaxali gamoxmobis, gacocxlebisa da
gaaqtiurebis, mkiTxvelTa farTo wris gonsawierSi moxvedris winapirobaa..
umravalferovnes xalxur sityvierebasTan,usaxelo winamorbedTa udides
SemoqmedebiT gamocdilebasTan goderZi Coxelis cnobieri Tu qvecnobieri
damokidebulebis niuansuri Taviseburebani samomavlo dakvirvebis,Seswavlisa da
gansjis sagania, xolo amjerad maT naTesaur siaxloveze mimTiTebeli oriode
TvalsaCino faqtis konstatacias davjerdeT.
`...dRes Tu xval iseTi Tovli mova, Citi gadabrundeba da cas fexebs miadgams~, _
gvauwyebs mwerali.
`erTxanav, sesxSiav, iseTa did Tovl masulasav, ro Citiv gulaRm dacemulao da
mwkalniv cisad miuxirebianav~, _ gvamcnobs kompaqturobiT gamorCeuli xevsuruli
andrezi..
`saxlis gverdze nawvimar miwas jariskacebis nafexurebi etyoboda mcire
imedad. tyidan fiCxi moitana da im nafexurebs Robe Semoavlo salomem. im dRidan imis
sazrunavi is Robe gaxda~.
g. Coxelis erT-erTi moTxrobis am uCinar fragmentsac Tavisi winare
dokumenturi xalxuri ambavi uZevs safuZvlad, saxeldobr, samukaT xvaramzes da
vaJika nakveTauris uiRblo siyvarulis saarako istoriis erTi saocrad emociuri
epizodi. wignis `xvaramze~ (1976 w.) winaTqmaSi ir.gogolauri wers: `...erT dRes, axal
nawvimarze, xvaramzes saxlis axlos vaJikam cxeniT gaiara. xvaramzem monatrebuli
Tvalebi gaayola mas, magram Tavmoyvare mTielma Tavi ar Semoibruna xvaramzesken.
roca saocnebo mgzavri Tvals miefara, vaJikas cxenis nafexurebs Robe Semoavlo
xvaramzem, rom ar waSliliyo...~

***
uyvarda da eZvirfaseboda sicocxle; uyvarda mZafri, angariSmiucemeli
siyvaruliT da am siyvaruls uCinari landiviT Tu mzis ariliviT mudam Tan sdevda
bediswerulobis gancda,gancda, romelic, imavdroulad, adamianuri yofierebis
tragikul SinaarsTan iyo wilnayari..
`...sicocxle Zalian lamazia, me ki naadrevad vklav gudamayrelebs, ewyinebaT, ma
ra iqneba~.
uWirda ufro da ufro gaZlierebuli sulieri krizisis, rRvevis, uimedobis
gancdis daZleva. amas zed erTvoda sruliad arajansaRi, xangrZlivi senis
momaswavebeli bacilebiT gaWeqili sazogadoebriv-politikuri atmosfero da
absurdis zeobas garidebulma, Sor monasterSi ganmartoebulma, sakuTari sicocxlis
xelyofa scada. sabednierod, gadarCa. mainc ar tovebda miwier simZimeTagan
Tavdaxsnis akviatebuli ganzraxva... gawyvetamde wvrildeboda, dneboda da ileoda
`uTvalavi feris~ samyarosTan damakavSirebeli Zafi. nebiT Tu uneblied, Tavadve
uwyobda xels aRsasrulis dRis moaxloebas; uwyobda yovelive yofiTisa da
materialurisadmi interesis klebiT da ganelebiT, pasiuri cxovrebiseuli
poziciiT, usxeuloTa rigebisken TiTqosda aCemebuli, daJinebuli ltolviT.. da
roca darwmunda mosaxdenis garduvalobaSi, kvlav imedis uRonod mbJutav sxivs
CaebRauWa, CaeWida, isev sicocxle moimSia, moiwyura da moiwadina, bedis ganaCens
SeeurCa da gauZalianda (`kaci ro avad aris da unda mokvdes, isev is hgonia, ar
movkvdebio...~), magram, savalalod, gza xsnisa da fizikuri gadarCenisa, samzeos
siTbosTan dabrunebisa da dazavebisa qveynierebis amouxsnel saidumloTa gauval
tevrSi gaxlarTuliyo..

35
 ***
mwerlis gardacvalebis Semdgom misi nafiqri, naRvawi da nasityv-naazrevi, iseve,
rogorc biografiis Rirssaxsovari detalebi, waxnagebi da calkeuli peripetiebi,
cota ar iyos, gansxvavebuli rakursiT, mometebuli interesiT da gansakuTrebuli
cnobiswadiliT ikiTxeba xolme.
namdvili Tu gamogonili personaJebis qronotopuli gansazRvrulobis
CarCoebi mkveTr moxazulobas kargavs, mkrTaldeba da iseTi mdgradi, uZravi,
statikuri mocemulobac ki, rogoric toponimi gaxlavT,kvrivis, nakrZalis,
sakraluri arealis garkveul niSansa Tu Seferilobas iZens..
bursaWiri goderZi Coxelis ucnaur mxatvrul xilvebSi ametyvelebuli
gudamayris xeobis _ Semoqmedis TvaliT wasakiTxi am marTlacda mimzidveli wignis
_ is TavisTavadi, qarTuli sinamdvilisTvis uaRresad organiuli, mermisis sisaRis
garantad Semonaxuli kidev erTi niSandoblivi monakveTia, romelsac, rac unda
gaavebulma qarebma iqrolon da iboboqron, waSla da daviwyeba, qaosSi danTqma da
daZirva ar uweria, miTufro maSin, roca uCveulo, `eqstremalur~ garemoSi axali
sunTqvis gaCenis faqtobriv dadasturebasac SegviZlia SeveswroT mwerlis erT
moTxrobaSi: `zamTaria. civa. bursaWiridan civi qari uberavs da Tovls saxeSi ayris.
kotorianT qali orsulad aris da uWirs siaruli gaukvalav TovlSi. naxevari gza
rom gaiara, cudad gaxda. TovlSi miesvena. igrZno, rom balRs aCenda da rom ar
gacivebuliyo, tansacmeli gaixada da zed dawva. tiriliT daibada biWi...~
kotorianT qali (RmerTma acxonos misi suli!) bedis anabara darCenili,
mowyenili da daRonebuli bursaWiris masoflebeli, Wirisufali, Sno da Sinaarsia.
amitomac mwerals araTu Savi miwisTvis, davrdomisTvisac ar emeteba Tavisi filmisa
Tu ramdenime prozauli teqstis realuri (da ara warmosaxviTi) gmiri da
ubereblobis, maradmyofobis, ukvdavebis Tavisebur simbolod saxavs mas: ”_kacebo,
kotorianT qali aRar berdeba. _ rogor Tu aRar berdeba?! _ ise, gauCerda sxeulSi
xani da aRar berdeba...~
xolo bursaWirs, sadac kapasi, gaafTrebuli zamTris ToSsa da yiameTSi ibadeba
balRi, dRemde `gacrecil casaviT usasrulo~molodini aZlebinebs da, adre Tu gvian,
imedi unda viqonioT, usaTuod aaxmianebs jiSiani modgmis gudamayrelTa gamoCena.

36
 miranda tyeSelaSvili

`...es cxovreba hgvanda ras?..~

... sad, romel ganzomilebaSi xdeba samyaros moulodneli cvlileba? rodis

gadadis adamiani erTi sknelidan meoreSi? sanam aq aris, xom aq aris da aq, xolo roca
ukve iq imyofeba, maSin xom aqac aRar aris. sad aris zRvari? sad aris Sualedi? eh,
RmerTma icis.
am upasuxo kiTxvebis avtori, mwerali zaza TvaraZe, naxevar weliwadze metia
ukve, Tavadac aRar aris cocxalTa Soris. misi amqveyniuri arseboba naxevar saukunes
iTvlida, rac adamianuri gansjiT Zalian cotaa, magram uzenaesis mier CvenTvis
moniWebuli drois naxevarze meti ki aris. SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreoba, romelic
mwerals darCa _ ori prozauli da oric poeturi krebuli, mcire romanis seriiT
gamocemuli `sityvebi~ da literaturul presaSi gabneuli leqsebi, eseebi _ arc
bevria da arc cota, magram maTi avtoris adamianur arsebobas mTlianad aireklavs.
CemTvis, visac igi piradad arasodes mcnobia, mwerali zaza TvaraZe arcTu
bednier kacad mosCans am nawerebidan. marTalia, ukanaskneli aTwleulebis Cveni yofa
(Rrmad ganmsjeli kacisaTvis, albaT, arc manamdeli) bednierebisaTvis did verafer
sababs iZleoda, SidaomebiT, qaosiT, gaWirvebiT, rac mis 1999 wels dastambul
moTxrobebSic aisaxa, magram, mgonia, es bednieri ar-yofna (am SemTxvevaSi, sityvis
antonimi _ ubeduri _ gadaWarbebulad mimaCnia da Segnebulad ar gamoviyeneb)
garegani faqtorebis ki ara, ufro misi Sinagani samyaros zemoqmedebis Sedegia da am
fiqris dasturad erTi skandaluri gancxadebebis moyvaruli Tanamedrove qarTveli
mwerlis satelevizio intervius nawyveti maxsendeba: `ar minda Cemi Svilebi
ganaTlebulebi iyvnen imdenad, Tavis Tavs rame dauSavon. ar minda iyvnen
depresiulebi... ar minda hqondeT ocnebebi, minda rom hqondeT mxolod survilebi.~
kacma rom Tqvas, skandaluri aq arc araferia, sakmaod pragmatuli da yvelasaTvis
nacnobi mosazrebaa, magram yvela rom aseTi gaxdes, bednieri da erTferovani xalxiT
dasaxlebuli qveyana aRarasodes gveqneba `uTvalavi feriTa~. zaza TvaraZes aseT
adamianTa ricxvs verafriT mivakuTvnebdiT. aki Tavadac ambobda Jurnal
`arilisaTvis~ micemul interviuSi: `bavSvobidan ar mindoda vyofiliyavi iseTi,
rogoric yvela iyo. amitom vcdilobdi, rom sxvanairi vyofiliyavi da mivxvdi,
gansxvavebuloba bedniereba ar aris, Tumca arc didi ubedurebaa~.
am adamianisTvis samyaro mkveTr Sav da TeTr ferebad albaT arasodes iqneboda
gamijnuli, rodesac raRac an aris an ar aris, an kargia an cudi. mTeli misi
Semoqmedeba aCvenebs, rom Zalian morwmune, RvTismoSiSi adamiania da amave dros,
imqveyniuri arafrobis, saaqao cxovrebis dasrulebis Semdeg ukvalod gaqrobis eWvic
RrRnis (migel de unamunos gmiris, wminda manuel saTnos msgavsad). Tumca, vin icis,
eWvi saiqio cxovrebas ki ara, swored amqveyniur daviwyebas exeba. yvela WeSmarit
poetma, xom, rac unda Tavmdabali adamiani iyos igi, icis sakuTari Semoqmedebis fasi
da aqvs pretenzia am Semoqmedebis ukvdavebisa.
rodesac mweral zaza TvaraZis Sesaxeb davapire werilis dawera da xelaxla
gadavikiTxe misi moTxrobebi, zogic pirvelad wavikiTxe, ufro imitom rom amqveynad
aRar iyo, sul sxvagvari datvirTva mieca zemoT motanil orive amonarids misi Zveli
moTxrobidan da interviudan. mere sxva nawyvetic gamaxsenda _ Wabua amirejibis
gamosaTxovari, oRond ara zaza TvaraZis, aramed revaz TvaraZis gardacvalebis gamo
dawerili werilidan: `maxsovs sami wyvili bavSvis fexsacmeli, Sens binaSi
Semosasvlel karTan mwkrivad rom elaga da da Seni Cems mimarT zrunva da amagi erTsa
da imave azrs mgvrida _ Svilebze umetesi sazrunavi gavuCine-meTqi~. im sami
wyvilidan erTi zaza TvaraZis kuTvnileba iyo, misi mamis, cnobili mwerlisa da
literatoris sazrunavi ki, sakuTari Svilebis mimarT, arasodes iqneboda
satelevizio interviuSi mosmenilis identuri.

***
zaza TvaraZis ukanasknel poetur krebulSi `tyannosaurus rexqs~ aTamde vrceli
leqsi Tu mcire poemaa Sesuli, yvela Zalian kargi leqsi. maTSi yvelaze ukeT Cans

37
poetis sulieri biografia, maTi avtoris Sinagani tragizmi. interviuSi bevrad ufro
laRia da Tavdajerebuli. vfiqrob, leqsebSi gacilebiT namdvilia. odiTgan ase iyo.
qarTveli kacis sulieri mdgomareoba, samyarosadmi misi damokidebuleba, sakuTari
Tavis Ziebisa da Secnobis wyurvili yvelaze kargad poeziam gamoxata. poeziaSi
qarTveli eZebda da eZebs imeds, gardasuli didebis gaxsenebiT mogvril nugeSs iRebs,
poeturi eniT ebrZvis imas da imaT, risi an romelTa damarcxebac iaraRiT ar SeuZlia.
es mteri romelime imperiac SeiZleba iyos da sakuTari darRveuli sulieri
wonasworobac. ibadeba survili _ Secvalos arsebuli, eZios axlis, ganviTarebis
gzebi, amxilos adamianuri cdomilebebi da gamoTqvas poeziis eniT, romelic yvelaze
moqnili da tevadia. aq ironiasa da sarkazms, siyvarulsa da bednierebas, realobis
kritikasa da mistifikacias, racionalursa da iluziurs, yvelafers Tavisuflad
gamoxatav. es ena yovlisdamtevia da zaza TvaraZec iyenebs mas, raTa dascinos misTvis
miuRebel sinamdviles, sazogadoebriv, politikur, ekonomikur realobas,
moCvenebiT stabilurobasa da wesrigs, anda qveynis Semaryevel, arafrismomtan
eqscesebs, daasaxelos is mizezebi, rac moiZia poeturi fantaziiT, oRond gamosavlis
povna mTel sazogadoebas miandos. poeti dasaxul mizans mTeli arsebiT misdevs da
misi ganxorcielebis Tanamonawiled yvelaze did sulier avtoritets, rusTavels
iyenebs.
zaza TvaraZis leqsSi `oda rusTavels~ naTlad igrZnoba avtoris ironizebuli
damokidebuleba Tanamedroveobisadmi, droTa imgvari kavSiris aRdgenis cda,
romelic adamianisaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovan sulier faseulobaTa aRdgenasa da
SenarCunebas daexmareba, sulieri simwiris, gonebrivi da kulturuli dacema-
daqveiTebisagan ixsnis. Tuki sicocxlis arsi da mizni knindeba, zogadkacobriuli da
erovnuli faseulobani nadgurdeba, maSin poeti realobisgan garbis da redaqciis
daxuTul oTaxSi saubrobs rva saukunis win dabadebul da yvela momdevno saukuneSi
Zlevamosil adamianTan, poetTan, vinc simboloa Cveni warsulisa da momavlisac.
iqneb ukve gacveTilia es poeturi xerxic da warmodgenac imisa, ras izamda
rusTaveli dRes, ras dawerda an ras ityoda imaze, rac saqarTvelos realobaSi xdeba.
amgvari performansi literaturaSi, TeatrSi, kinoSi xSiria. ra aris rvaasi weli
mravalaTaswlovani qveynisa da kulturis SvilisaTvis. amdeni wlis Wadaric SeiZleba
iyos da dgas kidec saqarTveloSi. magram droSi TamaSi da poeturi xatovaneba ufro
naTels xdis realur yofas, arCevans realursa da iluzoruls Soris, sakuTari Tavis
povnis saSualebas.
`cota Steria pa moemu~, _ es SoTas Sefasebaa, ara mis mimarT ironiis, aramed
mTlianad warsulTan da sulier kulturasTan Tanamedroveobis damokidebulebis,
gaucxoebis, miRweuli didi niSidan ukan daxevis gamosaxatad. gulgrilobisa da
nihilizmis, sazogadoebis daknineba-daclis maCvenebelia es dialogic:
`_ ise, magari nakiTxia~
`_nakiTxi kia, ver waarTmev~.
ironiaa imis gamo, rom ici, xvdebi, magram ar gainteresebs is, ris gareSec
qarTveli veRar iqnebi, radgan qarTvelobis sruli gamoxatuleba, misi kvntensacia
masSia (rusTavleSi). miTumetes, es Sexvedrebi xdeba Tanamedrove redaqciaSi, sadac
awindeli suliereba iqmneba. droTa kavSiris darRvevas ase ufro mZafrad gamoxatavs
poeti. rvaasi weli da mxatvruli filmi, saxelad `laqa~ imgvarive kavSirSia
erTmaneTTan, rogorc rusTaveli da mbeWdavi qali, romelic kiTxulobs: `soomT,
genacvale?~ mTel am sarkazmsa da gulgatexilobaSi uceb amotivtivdeba galaktioni:
`Savma nislma danisla mTebi daRestanisa~. Tumca am sityvebs poeti zaza TvaraZe ar
ityvis, ubralod, rusTavels aZebninebs riTmas da `danislas~ moZebnisas
xelisCaqneviT aTqmevinebs: `magram erTxel xom ukve danisla, im Savma nislma maRali
mTebi postsabWoTa daRestanisa~. am striqonebis reminiscencia erovnul brZolebsa
da damarcxebebsac wamoativtivebs (Samilis brZolebs) da im did naTelsac,
galaktionis poeturi geniis gaelvebas rom axlavs. sxva reminiscenciebic Cndeba _
qarTuli sulis xelaxali aRmoCenis, misi saukunoebrivi kavSirebis ganmtkicebisa,
ramac fesvebTan Tanamedroveobis myarad mibrunebis gancda unda Seqmnas. im fesvebis
yvelaze siRrmiseuli da mSvenieri gamoxatuleba poetma rusTavelis striqonebiT
daagvirgvina:

`miwurvil iyo zafxuli, qveyniT amosvla mwvanisa,

38
 vardis furclobis niSani, dro maTis paemanisa,
etlis cvaleba mzisagan, Sejdoma saratanisa...~

Semdeg Rrubels mohyveba ticianis leqsis reminiscencia da Tamaris gaxseneba _

`arc ki gicnobdi, arc ki menaxe, ise gxatavda Tamars vrubeli. da sityva `Tamars~
raRac sevda daadga bakmad~. ra sevdaa es _ rusTavelisa Tu Tavad poetis, misi qveynis
damcroba-dakninebis gamo, grigol orbelianiseulad gamoxatuli Tamaris freskis
win: `mixaris gimzer, vwuxvar da gimzer~... Tu zogadadamianuri gancda Semoqmedis
tragikuli bedis gamo sazogadoebaSi, sulierisa da materialuris
araadekvaturobiT, cxovrebis mouwyoblobiT gamowveuli, rasac yvela droSi da
upirvelesad poetebi grZnoben da ganicdian. isini eZieben bnelSi naTels da mis
gamotanas lamoben iqidan TavianTi qveynisa da moyvasisaTvis. ase ibrZvis da cdilobs
poeti zaza TvaraZe, radgan amis gareSe SeuZlebeli iyo misi cxovreba:

`SeuZlebeli, SeuZlebeli,
SeuZlebeli aris cxovreba,
amRvreuli da Seucnobeli,
daviwyebuli dauxsomeblad~.

am leqsSi, riTac iwyeba misi poeturi krebuli `tyannosaurus rexqs~, is amTavrebda

TiTqos am cxovrebas mowodebiT, gasuliyo aqedan _ `samyaroSi, siyvarulis, sikeTisa
da sinaTlis mosatanad~.
im leqsebs Soris, romelic am bolo dros wamikiTxavs, qarTveli da ucxoeli
avtorebisac, `damiwebuli leqsi~ gamorCeulia. aq damiweba sikvdilis da masTan
erTad gaukvdavebis sinonimia (saqmeze unda misikvdilde, kargad rom gamogivideso _
gamaxsenda bebiaCemi. Tumca es gaxseneba iqneb parodiulic iyos axla, magram
gamaxsenda).

`damiwebaSi midis yvela adamiani,

damiwebaSi midis yvela gamkrTali elva,
Sen kargad ici, rom elvaa adamiani,
cidan miwaze rom gakvesavs da gaielva~...

es adamiani Tu damiwebul leqsebs wers XXI saukunis damdegs, unda icodes is

xibli da Sarmi, rac am mizans Wirdeba, Tilisma, musika _ striqonebs Soris, araviTar
SemTxvevaSi kekluci sityvebi da Tavmowoneba oinbazuri grZnobebiT. xatovnad
naTqvami yovelTvis araa leqsi. TviTon Sayirad Tvlida am leqsSi motanil recepts,
interviuSi ambobda, rom leqsi ar aris sityvebi, ar aris riTmebi, arc metaforebi, is
aris raRac nakadi, sadRac rom daiwyo da aq damTavrda, magram TviTon arsad weria,
arc am sityvebSi, arc mis simboloebSi, miniSnebebSi, araferSi ar aris. es nakadi
uxilavia. es nakadi wmindaa da ar unda SeibRalos, magaliTad, ulamazesi
metaforiTac ki, arc unda Sewydes, mere rac ar unda gagrZeldes, aRar varga. poeziis
nakads eZebda zaza TvaraZe da miagno kidec, Cemi azriT, `damiwebul leqsSi~, radgan
ukve poeziaa ase ubralod naTqvami da daxatuli ori poetis saubari (leqsi eZRvneba
andro buaCiZes) Zveli Tbilisuri redaqciis oTaxSi:

`ar gvqonda Rvino,

magram gareT zafxulis qari
alvebs da Wadrebs RvinosaviT aSrialebda
da ezo iyo, rogorc Wuri, RviniT savse _
Rrmad Cafluli da damiwebuli~.

sivrceSi da droTa ciklur cvalebadobaSi grZnobs poeti adamiansa da bunebas

_ Zil-mRviZares, momlodinesa da zarmacs. leqsi poets eZRvneba, visTan erTadac
surs darwmundes Tavisive leqsebis WeSmarit RirebulebaSi: `me minda, rom Cemi
naTqvami iyos zusti da damiwebuli~, aq isev gakrTeba orazrovneba sikvdil-
ukvdavebaze da zaza TvaraZis ironiul-poeturi xedvac:

`Sen orazrovnad mipasuxe, rom Cem leqsebs

39
 damiweba ar aklia _
maSin vercerTma ver SevniSneT
am orazrovan naTqvams ukan
gaelvebuli samazrovneba, _Rvino ar gvqonda,
magram gareT xemcenareebs
zafxulis qari aTrobda da aqanavebda~.

is xmarobs amkrZalav niSnebs poeziaSi, ra ar SeiZleba, ra iqneba civi da ra _

zedmetad azriani, radgan Tu tyeSi, Sebindebisas, gancdil siameze wer, tyuixar. iq
xom, sinamdvileSi, yvelaferi saSineli, winaswar mkvdari Cans. sad ar moacurebs Tavis
naqeb poetur nakads, ras ar moitans, ra ferebs da sityvebs, musikas da gancdebs,
bolos mainc gamotydeba Tavis alegoriul suliskveTebaSi: rogorc saxarebiseuli
damiwebis bunebaSi unda aRdges kacis cxovreba, aseve leqsSic, unda mokvdes da
aRdges. Tumca gvafrTxilebs, leqsSi arc saxarebis moSvelieba ivargebso da
paradoqsul rames gvimtkicebs:

`leqsi unda izrdebodes kacis kuWidan,

ise, rogorc xeze yvavili,
tyemlis yvavili, tyemlisa da ara aluCis~,

radgan tyemali kbilis momkveTia da ufro metad damiwebulio. gasagebia, rom raRac
Zalian mkveTri da gamorCeulad dasamaxsovrebeli undoda eTqva leqsiT _ isic
dainaxa, rac sxvebma mere naxes:

`gaxsovs Zmao, Cveni zaza, Cveni Zmakaci,

samares rogor mivabareT,
igi darCa CvenTvis ase samudamod,
Cvenc davrCiT ase~.

am leqsisa da azrovnebis miRma axali samyaro moCans, XXI saukunis axali

qarTveli inteleqtualebis samyaro, Taoba, romelmac gaiara gza rainduli
poeziidan eliotisa Tu sxvaTa filosofiur- egzistencialur poeziamde.

ara marto am krebulis suls, aramed zaza TvaraZis sulier portrets xatavs
swored saTaurSi gamotanili leqsi. masSi ara marto sakuTari qveynis kulturuli
warsulis siRrmeebis moxilva da darRveuli kavSiris aRdgenis cdaa, aramed sakuTari
Tavis gaazrebis mZafri mcdeloba, gadaZaxili simbolisturi poeziis iseT SedevrTan,
rogoricaa edgar pos `yorani~, misticizmisa da postmodernistul ganwyobilebaTa
nazavi. ebrauli datirebiT miRweulia emociuri muxti, bibliuri paradigmebiT,
neogenuri samyaros aRmomCeni adamianis damokidebulebaa naCvenebi daundobel
sinamdvilesTan. keTilisa da borotis, bnelisa da naTelis gauTavebeli Widilis
samyaroSi poeti erTdroulad aris umweoca da gmiric, dacinvis saganic da
damcinavic, monac da imperatoric. brZola daundobelia da masSi poets sakuTari gza
da xerxebi aqvs, pirvelyofili `zavrebis~ saxis mqone borotebas ki Tavisi meTodebi
gaaCnia. am borotebas iseve hyavs qmnilebebi, rogorc ufals _ Tavis xatad qmnilni.
swored isini ukakuneben SuaRamisas da da ewvevian lirikul gmirs, dascinian, SeWmas
upireben, Tumca sakbilodac iwuneben, mere gadawyveten:

`Tu ar vWamT, gavfatroT mainc,

gadavuSiSvloT jigari,
Tumc sad eqneba jigari
Cven rom gvargebda imgvari!
damcines, gamaRadaves,
gamiqiaqes mermisi,
xan zazozavri miZaxes,
xan TvaraZoopteriqsi~.

poeti qmnis dramatul fons, riTac ukeTesad gadmoscems Tavis sulier

mdgomareobas, SemoqmedebiTi procesiTa da miRweuliT ukmayofilebas. efeqts aRwevs

40
TviTironiiT, mZafri versifikatoruli gamoxatvis xerxebiT, metaforebiT.
umweobis socari gancda ejaxeba mkacr realobas _ tiranozavrebis damcinav da uxeS
damokidebulebas, WeSmariti faseulobebis dakninebas, rac didi ubedurebaa. `direa,
gana xiwvia, yvela momZaxis, vinc qveynad sasowarkveTa iwvnia~.
am leqsSi ubralod arc sityva `Tergdaleulia~ naxmari. araynasvami `Savi
muSebis~ TergdaleuliviT cekvac aseve Rrmad mianiSnebs erovnul faseulobaTa
devalvaciasa da sulieri Rirebulebebis diskriminaciaze, im samyaros rRvevaze,
riTac ibrZoda da viTardeboda qarTveloba, ibrunebda dakargul didebasa da pativs.
uamisod sazogadoebas uzneoba da komformizmi SeWamda, aRar iqneboda sikeTe da misi
damcveli gmirebic im borot xvlikebs daemsgavsebodnen, romelTa saSualebiTac
poetma boroteba, kaenisa da luciferis daundobloba gaacnobiera. am leqsSic
gaJRerda rvaasi wlis qarTuli mwuxarebis da mefuri musaifis monatrebis gancda,
ocneba, rom amdeni xnis mZinareni movkvdeT da uceb gaviRviZoT cocxlebma (anu rva
saukunis winandel qveyanaSi). es ar aris Tavisufali qveynis moqalaqis gancda, es
ufro koloniuri sinamdviliT damZimebuli adamianis sulieri depresiaa. raze unda
miuTiTebdes poetis es gancda ocdameerTe saukunis dasawyisis saqarTveloSi?
cxadia, esaa Tavisuflebis mcire xarisxiT, erovnuli sulierebis falsifikaciis
JamiT, mZafri gardatexebiTa da amao molodiniT damZimebuli, Rrma depresiiTa da
sulieri tragizmiT Sepyrobili adamianis kivili-wyurvili, swrafva-Zieba. poeti
gaurbis gabiTurebas da mas neologizmiT _ `gamosaburTalebliT~ (saburTaloze
mcxovrebi) gamoxatavs, leTargiuli Zilidan gasasvlelad emzadeba, rac niSnavs
uaris Tqmas cxovrebiseul primitivsa da uazrobaze, imaTze, visac ara aqvs mrwamsi,
Rirseba da saTnoeba, romlebic gadaSenebulTa axali saxeliTa da saxiT _
tiranozavrebis saxiT ebrZvian siyvarulsa da sikeTes. Tavxedoba da marifaTi,
`moxerxebuloba~ da daundobloba is Zalaa, romelsac poeti leqsiT upirispirdeba,
magram ver amarcxebs. amitom poetebi adre kvdebian. zaza TvaraZec adre mokvda.
wavida, magram sul ara. aq darCa misi sityva, romliTac sul gagvaxsenebs Cvenc da
Cvens Semdgom Taobasac: rwmena unda davibrunoT, fesvebs unda gavufrTxildeT,
momavals ar unda movwydeT. amas ki maSin SevZlebT, Tu kargad gvecodineba _ ra
gvqonda, ra gvaqvs da ra unda SeviZinoT, rom saqarTvelom daasrulos rvaasi wlis
wuxili.
es am leqsis, `Tyrannosaurus rex~ Cemeuli gaazrebaa, misi pirveli wakiTxviT
gamowveuli. mogvianebiT, poetis axlobeli adamianebisgan misi Canafiqri gavige,
tiranozavrebi, uxsovar dros gadaSenebuli uzarmazari reptiliebi, qarTuli
poeziis bumberazebad esaxeba, romlebic mas, axali drois poets uRrenen, radgan
veraferi Seqmna Rirebuli, isic eocnebeba, rom odesme Tavadac maT gverdiT iqneba,
maTi saZmos wevri gaxdeba. am qveteqstis moZebna leqsSi mas Semdeg gamiiolda, rac
winaswar Sevityve misi arsebobis Sesaxeb, vaJa-fSavelas motivebmac gamoaSuqa.
miuxedavad amisa, sakuTari subieqturi aRqmis `gadagdeba~ damenana da sayovelTaod
miRebuli azriTwaqezebulma, rom `mxatvruli teqstis aRqmisas gamoricxulia sruli
Tanxvedra mwerlis Canafiqrsa da mkiTxvelis aRqmas Soris~, gadavwyvite ucvlelad
dametovebina.

***
rodesac mwerali erTdroulad poetic aris da prozaikosic, misi poeturi da
prozauli teqstebis Sejereba, umetes SemTxvevaSi, iZleva imis saSualebas, rom
amovicnoT, romeli sWarbobs masSi. vfiqrob, zaza TvaraZe upirvelesad poetia,
Tumca es sulac ar niSnavs, rom misi proza poeturi prozaa, miT ufro, rom poeturi
samkaulebi arc mis leqsebSia TvalSisacemi.
prozaSi ki... moTxrobebSi xSiria sakmaod vrceli, dawvrilmanebuli da
naturalisturi aRwerilobebi (magaliTad, binebis gacvlis procesis gaWianurebuli
Txroba, gmirebis Cacmulobis detaluri gadmocema Tu Tbilisis quCebsa da binebSic
ki erTi oTaxidan meoreSi gadaadgilebis skurpulozuri aRwerebi, vrceli,
dokumenturi CanarTebi saqarTvelos istoriidan da sxv.), rac maTi kiTxvisas
mkiTxvelisagan nebisyofas moiTxovs, magram am moTxrobebSi mTavari da
mniSvnelovani qveteqstebia da mwerlis stilis es Taviseburebac erTgvari

41
dabrkoleba-testia, mkiTxvelis mier dasaZlevi. visac am detalebis bolomde
CasakiTxad nebisyofa ar eyofa, albaT verc moTxrobis qveteqsts Caswvdeba.
zaza TvaraZis prozaSi gamorCeuli nawarmoebia mwerlis gardacvalebamde sul
cota xniT adre dastambuli mcire romani Tu vrceli moTxroba `sityvebi~ (aqac, iseve
rogorc poeziaSi, moculoba da Sinaarsic Janrebs Soris arCevanis saSualebas
iZleva), romelic, vfiqrob, ukanaskneli periodis qarTuli prozis erTi saukeTeso
teqsti da, `izmebad~ daxarisxebas Tu ar moveridebiT, `magiuri realizmis~ qarTuli
nimuSia, mistikurisa da yofiTis TanaarsebobiT. laTinuri amerikis
literaturisaTvis sisxlxorceuli am literaturuli mimdinareobis niSnebi
qarTul mwerlobaSi sul ufro xSirad da TvalnaTliv Cndeba da es sulac ar unda
iyos gasakviri, Tu laTinoamerikel da kavkasiel iberielTa temperamentis msgavsebas
gaviTvaliswinebT. Tumca, `sityvebis~ SemTxvevaSi saqme erTmniSvnelovnad rodia. igi
erTdroulad atarebs egzistencialuri mwerlobis xazs, Tanamedrove samyaroSi
individis bediT dainteresebis, rwmenisa da urwmunoebis, sicocxlis azris
dakargvisa da SeZenis problemebis garkveviT (es zaza TvaraZis mwerlobis zogadi
xazia) da moicavs postmodernistul interteqstualobas, ormag kodirebas.
rogorc wignis garekanze moTavsebuli informaciidan irkveva, romani pirvelad
1984 wels dabeWdila, Tumca dRevandeli mkiTxvelisaTvis, rac unda paradoqsuli
Candes, igi sruli siaxle aRmoCnda. mkiTxvelisTvis, visac sakmaod mwiri arCevani aqvs,
erTi mxriv, ramdenime sayvareli avtoris ukve SeCveuli stilisa da mosalodneli
siuJeturi xazis teqstebsa da meore mxriv, im mweralTa nawarmoebebs Soris, romelTa
wignebSi, umetesad, 90-ini wlebis postsabWoTa saqarTvelos kataklizmebia aRwerili,
axal cxovrebasTan adaptaciis uunaro adamianebiT (es teqstebi cxovrebis
mxatvruli matiane ki aris, xSir SemTxvevaSi, Zalze saintereso matianec, magram ukve
aramarto SeCveuli, aramed mobezrebulic).
miuxedavad sakmaod mcire moculobisa, wignSi ramdenime siuJeturi xazi da
ambavia erTmaneTSi gadawnuli, mTavari gmirebi ki sityvebi arian, romlebic ki ar
aRweren moqmedebas, aramed Tavad moqmedeben, gansazRvraven imas, rac unda moxdes.
es wigni, romelime ucxoel avtors rom daewera, iqneb, Tanamedrove msoflio
bestseleradac ki qceuliyo. am SemTxvevaSi verafriT daveTanxmebiT zaza TvaraZis
mierve interviuSi naTqvams: `didi raRacis dawera aq ar gamova. me magaliTad ver
davwer... imitom rom saqarTvelo patara qveyanaa, sadac raRac mniSvnelovani
movlenebi xdeba, mniSvnelovani nawarmoebebic iq iwereba~. `didSi~ ufro
monumentur, didi moculobis teqsts Tu gulisxmobda mwerali. `sityvebi~
mniSvnelovani literaturuli faqtia da is, rom Tavis droze mis gamoqveynebas
Sesaferisi gamoxmaureba ar mohyolia, verafriT daakninebs am mniSvnelobas.
Zalian Znelia sityvebiTve gamoxato sxva sityvis mniSvneloba, romelic Zalian
kargad ici da yoveldRiurad Tamamad xmarob saubarSi. nebismier sityvas
(gansakuTrebiT iseTs, abstraqtul cnebas rom gamoxatavs da misi wakiTxvis an
mosmenisas konkretuli sagani ar warmogidgeba Tvalwin) adamianis cnobierebaSi
sakuTari feri da forma gaaCnia; fiqri adamianis cnobierebaSi ara misi Sesabamisi
sityvebiT, aramed raRac gaurkveveli, ramdenime WeSmaritebaa, mweralma rom
mxatvruli teqstis Temad aqcia. teqstisa, romelic, wignis winasityvaobis avtors
unda daveTanxmoT, `romanisaTvis Zalin poeturi da poemisaTvis mZimed prozauli
qmnilebaa~. masSi idiomaturi, metaforuli gamoTqmebi _ `cocxali sityva~, `sityvis
floba~, `sityvebiT manipulireba~ pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT aris gamoyenebuli.
literaturis TeoriaSi arsebobs cneba `mkiTxvelis molodinis horizonti~, rac
imas gulisxmobs, rom wignis kiTxvas yovelTvis win uZRvis mkiTxvelis winaswari
molodini, ganpirobebuli misi adrindeli samkiTxvelo gamocdilebiT, mwerlis
Sesaxeb arsebuli azriT, warmodgeniT mxatvruli nawarmoebis enis Sesaxeb.
`sityvebi~ molodins pirvelive winadadebidan arRvevs da sruliad ipyrobs
mkiTxvelis interess. enac, siuJetic imis mauwyebeli Cans, rom Cven winaSea XIX
saukunis qarTuli beletristikis tipiuri nimuSi. da sanam sofel -is misadgomebTan
gamoCenil cxenosan Coxosnebsa da moCardaxuli urmis mgzavrebs gamoyveba, iqneb,
mkiTxvelma wignis ydasac kidev erTxel Seavlos Tvali imaSi dasarwmuneblad, avtori
xom ar SeeSala da xelSi SemTxveviT sxva wigi xom ar moxvda. magram es dabneuloba sul
raRac ori gverdis manZilze miyveba, mere ki Tanamedrove tipiuri binis karze
darekili eleqtrozaris xma masac, avtorTan erTad, gamorTavs dawyebuli wignidan,

42
rom ufro saintereso da Tanac fantastikuri ambavi waakiTxos. ambis gasaRebi
mwerlis mier mignebul araCveulebrivi sityvaTa TamaSia: megobris mier aRmoCenili
`sanetaro kantora~, sadac `netariusi~ zis da aTasgvar netarebebs arigebs, ufro
sworad, aqiravebs, ambis bolos Cveulebriv `sanotaro kantorad gardaiqmneba~.
iqamde ki didi ambebi xdeba, naqiravebi zardaxSidan amomZvrali uamravi cocxali da
moelvare sityva, am sityvebisgan Seqmnili uamravi azri da winadadeba, leqsi da
moTxroba, sevdiani da mxiaruli istoriebi, mcire Canaxatebi da istoriuli poemebi
mwife mtevnebiviT ekidebian irgvliv da avseben sivrces, mere ki uceb civi xaviliT
gaqandebian zardaxSisaken da isic Seisrutavs, viTomc araferi momxdara.
`sityvebis~ mTavari gmiri is kacia, vinc Tavad yvelaze meti sityva icis, oRond
marto literaturuli, wignebSi amokiTxuli sityvebi. swored ase warudgens wignis
meore mTavari personaJi megobar qals pirvel pirSi mTxrobels da Sesabamisad, wignis
avtors, romelic zardxSidan amosuli sityvebidan `vefxistyaosnis~ striqonebs
awyobs da qalis SekiTxvaze, `Tqven `vefxistyaosnis~ specialisti xarT?~,
raRacnairad awuruli pasuxobs: `ara, rogor gekadrebaT, ubralod adgilebi Zalian
miyvars~. aqac, pirvel rigSi im epizods ixsenebs, nestanis ambavgagebuli avTandili
rom tarielTan miiCqaris gaxarebuli: `miwurvil iyo zafxuli, qveynad amosvla
mwvanisa~... SoTas poema `sityvebis~ ganuyofeli nawilia, cocxali sityvebiT awyobili
misi zogierTi epizodi ki (magaliTad avTandilisgan WaSnagiris mokvla) Tanamedrove
blokbasteriviT ikiTxeba.
mTavari gmiri zaza TvaraZea, misi leqsebis lirikuli gmiris msgavsi, romelsac,
misive sityvebiT, xandaxan ucnauri survili ebadeba, unda nacnob-ucnobs patieba
sTxovos imisTvis, rom araraobaa da miuxedavad amisa, mzis qveS cxovrobs, sunTqavs,
miwas enarcxeba, adamianebs ejaxeba da tkivils Tu ara, uxerxulobas mainc ayenebs.
arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom mTavar gmirs sityvebi _ `me~ da `Cemi~ ar emorCilebian,
gamudmebiT xelidan usxltebian da ara da ar undaT mis awyobil teqstebSi kuTvnili
adgilis dakaveba.
am wignSi, romelic Tavidan bolomde Seunelebeli interesiT ikiTxeba. uamravi,
erTi SexedviT mTavari teqtidan gadaxveviT CarTuli ambisa Tu azris, miuxedavad,
arcerTi sityva, arcerTi fraza SemTxveviTi araa, radgan avtorma icis, rom `yvela
sityva unda anazRurdes~.
zaza TvaraZis `sityvebis~ mkiTxvelsac, araCveulebriv, momxiblav teqstTan
miaxlebis netareba garantirebuli aqvs.

P.S. Jurnal `cxeli Sokoladis~ literaturuli damatebis erT-erTi bolo

nomeri zaza TvaraZis xsovnas mieZRvna, ramdenime werili daibeWda, misi megobrebis,
uaxloesi adamianebis mogonebebi. am werilebSi moCans zaza TvaraZe _ meocnebe,
RvTismoSiSi, Tavgadasavlebis moyvaruli, erTdroulad martosulic da samegobros
suli da guli, gaubedavic da daundobeli meamboxec. yvelaferi an TiTqmis
yvelaferia naTqvami, risi Tqmac masTan urTierTobis gamocdilebis Sedegad iyo
SesaZlebeli.
Cemi damokidebuleba zaza TvaraZis, mwerlisa da adamianis mimarT, erTi
mkiTxvelis subieqturi azria, mxoloddamxolod misi nawerebis wakiTxvis Sedegad
Seqmnili azri.

43
 veqtorebi

nona kupreiSvili

`ramdens iwonis faratina furceli?~

(oTar WilaZis eseistur-publicisturi krebulis
`bednieri tanjulis~ gamo)

aSkarad orazrovani kiTxvis Semcveli es saTauri, romelic, ra Tqma unda,

mwerlobis sirTuleze migvaniSnebs, metaforuli anu, rogorc axla uwodeben,
tradiciuli diskursiT keklucobis niSnad ar unda aRviqvaT. oTar WilaZis eseebsa
da publicistur werilebze saubrisas (krebul `bednier tanjuls~ vgulisxmob),
msgavsi miswrafeba ubralod uadgiloa da uSedegoc.
beWdviTi kulturis dasasrulis epoqaSi mcxovreb dRevandel mkiTxvels,
gamomaTayvanebeli momxmarebluri cxovrebis upiratesobis iluzias rom uqmnian,
seriozuli azrebis gaTaviseba adrindelze metad uWirs. SeiZleba asec iTqvas: wigns
kiTxuloben mxolod isini, vinc ar danebda.
`bednieri tanjuli~ nabeWdi teqstisadmi arsebuli `qedmaRluri
ukmayofilebis~ am fonze `weris anu Zvelmoduri saqmianobis~ dasacavad agebuli
kidev erTi jebiria, kidev erTi wyalmovardis SesaCereblad saguldagulod
gaTvlili da agebuli. emyareba igi umTavress-samyaroze pasuxismgeblobis aRebis
Zalisxmevas, romelic yovelTvis gvaocebs mweralSi da rac, ar Sevcdebi Tu vityvi,
saboloo jamSi qmnis kidec mas.
mudmivad asea: saWiro wignebs saWiro dros TiTqmis verasodes vkiTxulobT, rac
imasac gulisxmobs, rom komunikaciis uaxlesi saSualebebis (gansakuTrebiT
eleqtronuli mediis) da politikosebis amara mitovebul garemoSi, sadac yvela
sasicocxlo sakiTxi ara problemis mogvareba-gadawyvetis, aramed masze berwi
msjelobis, sayovelTao fuWsityvaobis doneze wydeba, bolomde veravis vendobiT.
amgvar beds, samwuxarod, jerjerobiT mwerali, mwerlis sityva da masTan erTad
`qarTuli mwerlobis tradiciuli funqciac~ iziarebs, arada pirdapir unda iTqvas:
`bednieri tanjulis~ zogierTi pasaJi Cveni qalaqis Senobebis kedlebze rom
migvewera (iq amokiTxuli aTasi juris umsgavsoebis nacvlad), SesaZloa, Cvenive
uaxlesi istoriis araerTi sabediswero Secdoma Tavidan agvecilebina. an iqneb
`eqstremis zeobis~ xanaSi sulac performansis an repis gamomsaxvleli
formebisaTvis migvemarTa, rasac dasavleTSi e.w. `popularuli poezia~ `wignieri
poeziis~ Canacvlebis Tu stimulirebis mizniT karga xania didi warmatebiT iyenebs.
mTavari Sedegis miRebaa, rac Cvens SemTxvevaSi mwerlisa da mkiTxvelis Tanxvdoma
iqneboda unikaluri sulieri gamocdilebiT oTar WilaZis mier dasazRvrul am
konkretul sivrceSi, sadac arc meti, arc naklebi saganTa da movlenaTa
mniSvnelobebis rekonstruqcia xorcieldeba.
SeuZlebelia `bednieri tanjuli~ sakiTxTa mTeli wyebis ara mxolod Rrma da
safuZvliani analiziT, aramed maTi Tundac aqtivizirebiTac ar iyos mniSvnelovani.
daakvirdiT am sakiTxebis formulirebis princips, sizustesa da sisadaves, romliTac
isinia dasmuli: mwerlis mogonili da namdvili misia; mwerluri `dumilis~ raoba; Cven
da Tavisufleba; ras gvavaldebulebs qarTveloba?; gvinda Tu ara viyoT
qarTvelebi?; ras niSnavs `azrovneba qarTulad?~; qarTuli tradiciuli
koncefciebis, maT Soris, ruseTTan damokidebulebis, gadasinjvis aucilebloba;
rogor davbrundeT `gaurkvevlobis burusidan-mSobliur wiaRSi? ~; raSia qarTuli
mwerlobis negaciis namdvili mizezi? esmiT Tu ara evropelebs `emfatikur tonad~
erovnul satkivarze saubari da a.S.
gamodis, garkveul wilad gvgulisxmoben da amitomac Segvaxseneben, rom aseT
Temebze sasaubrod mzadebas dauyonebliv unda SevudgeT, ori ramis miuxedavad:
isedac didi dro gvaqvs dakarguli da mwerali, Tavisi profesiuli Cvevidan
gamomdianre, `rasac qmnis, xvalisTvisaa gamiznuli~...

44
 TviT is faqti, rom oTar WilaZes xSirad mimarTaven kiTxvebiT `dumilsa~ da
`gverdze dgomasTan~ dakavSirebiT, saukeTesod avlens Cvens uneblie mijaWvulobas
mwerlis funqciis sabWour interpretaciasTan: sinamdvileSi dums ki namdvili
mwerali? an SesaZlebelia Tu ara is saerTod mxardaWeras ucxadebdes romelime,
Tundac universaluri ideologiuri samosiT (ilia `ferumariliT gaglesvas~ rom
uwodebda) SefuTul xelisuflebas; `bednier tanjulSi~ am kiTxvebze Semdeg pasuxs
vpoulobT: `mwerali laparakiT ki ar arRvevs dumils, aramed weriT. oficialuri
gancxadebebiT ki ar gansazRvravs Tavis adgils mwerlobaSi, aramed sakuTari
nawarmoebebiT~... saetapo romanebis `gzaze erTi kaci midioda~, `yovelman Cemman
mpovnelman~, `avelumisa~ Tu `godoris~ Semqmnels miaCnia, rom misi dumilis
aqcentireba usafuZvloa da, meti rom ara vTqvaT, uxerxulic. sxva saqmea, rom
qarTuli sinamdvilis specifikis gamo, romelSic, Tu gnebavT, istoriidan Cveni
tragikuli amovardnac vigulisxmoT, maRalmxatvrulad da naTlad naTqvami
maxvilTa ganmeorebiT dasmas, teqstis konkretul dro _ sivrcul arealTan
SesabamisobaSi moyvanas erTxans kidev saWiroebdes iqneba. (da amas qarTvelma
mweralma angariSi unda gauwios). gana `kacia-adamiani?!~ mxatvruli srulfasovnebiT
ar asaxavda retrogradobisa da uZraobis arss? miuxedavad amisa, mainc moiTxova
mkiTxvelisaTvis `cremliani sicilis~ ganmartebis aucilebloba. mas Semdeg
principulad bevri araferi Secvlila. metic, ilias mier pirdapir naTqvami: `iqneb
Semomwyre, Cemo mkiTxvelo, Tumca me Senis wyromisa ar meSinian~... oTar WilaZisaTvis
SemoqmedebiTi avtonomiurobis safuZvlad qceula, gaumyarebia misi rwmena imaSi, rom
`iyo yvelasaTvis gasagebi~ mwerals Rirsebas ver matebs.
80-iani wlebis dasasruls, rogorc axla cxaddeba, TviTgamorkvevis
katastrofulad xanmokle dro mogveca. homeostatiurma sabWoTa sazogadoebam,
romelic drois sxva ganzomilebaSi arsebobda da ZiriTad homogenur faseulobaTa
kriteriumze iyo orientirebuli, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, es SesaZlebloba ar da
ver gamoiyena. cota vinmem Tu icoda, rad dagvijdeboda sulswrafoba, romelsac
myisieri metamorfozis ostatebi avlendnen. cotani iyvnen iseTi mwerlebic,
romlebsac, rogorc aleqsandre siniavski ityoda, xelisuflebasTan `esTetikuri
uTanxmoeba~ da qarTuli kulturisadmi uryevi rwmena Tanabari doziT gaaCndaT.
oTar WilaZe, romelmac SeZlo ar gamxdariyo sabWoTa mwerali, swuxs ara marto
xelidan gaSvebuli SesaZleblobis gamo, aramed im kulturuli krizisis gamoc,
romelic msgavs movlenebs ueWvelad mosdevs xolme: `rasakvirvelia... sabWoTa
xelisuflebam CvenSic Seqmna ideologiuri koniuqturis damcvel mweralTa mTeli
armia, magram Cven imaTi gamocalkaveba da mxileba ki ar davisaxeT ratomRac mizand,
aramed TiTqos didi xnis sanatreli agvisruldao, TiTqos kargi SemTxveva mogvecao,
imaTTan erTad namdvili qarTuli mwerlobac movisroleT sanagveze... ioli gza
avirCieT. rasakvirvelia, gacilebiT Znelia, kargs kargi daarqva da cuds-cudi~ ...
dRes, rodesac `uwarsuloba~ inteleqtualTa erTi nawilis ZiriTad upiratesobas
warmoadgens, amgvari determinizmi, erTi SexedviT, dagvianebulic ki Cans. Tumca am
TvalsazrisiT viTareba sakmaod cvalebadi da nakleb prognozirebadi aRmoCnda.
swored CvenTvis kargad nacnobi `qarTuli maqsimalizmis~ ganelebis xarjze xdeba
Semobruneba iseTi cxadlivi WeSmaritebisaken, romelsac oTar WilaZe imTaviTve
eWvmiutanlad miiCnevs: `axali mwerali cidan ar vardeba, arc cariel adgilze
amodis. sxvaTa Soris, arc arafers ambobs axals, axleburad ambobs Zvels, bevrjer
Tqmuls, ramdenadac TviTonaa axali da ara is, rasac literatura emsaxureba, rac
literaturis sferos ganekuTvneba...~
rodesac nodar kakabaZe ganmartavda, rom `Cvens sazogadoebaSi Casatarebelia
Zlieri demiTologizirebis da deiluzionirebis procesi~ is, cxadia, XX saukunis
qarTveli romanistebis mier miTosis, rogorc samyarosa da am samyaroSi adamianis
Secnobis unikalur meTods ar gulisxmobda. an ki rogor unda ganvixiloT oTar
WilaZis romanebi, rogorc maT mwerlis Semoqmedebis seriozuli mkvlevari manana
kvaWantiraZe uwodebs, `kulturuli mexsierebis veeberTela rezervuarebad, sadac
Senaxulia Cveni istoriuli cnobierebis TiTqmis yvela monapovari~, Tu mwerlis mier
WeSmaritebis Secnobis mizniT miTologiuri warsulisaken mibrunebas, sadac
`adamianis samyarosTan mimarTebis~ pirvelxatebi da enaSi asaxuli `pirveli
mniSvnelobebi” gvxvdeba, miTosiT mavne gatacebad, mTeli qarTuli kulturisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli miTomaniis gamovlinebad miviCnevT. oTar WilaZe am Zalian

45
mniSvnelovan problemasac exeba: `roca saqarTvelos istorias kiTxulob,
Zalauneburad miTologiurad iwyeb azrovnebas. iseTi STabeWdileba geqmneba, TiTqos
RmerTma, ufro sworad, RmerTebma, am patara qveyanas sicocxlis SesaZleblobebi
waarTves, magram, samagierod, ukvdaveba aCuqes; ukvdaveba ki, mogexsenebaT,
sicocxleze gacilebiT Znelia~... aseTi yovlismomcveli mzera, romelic
`maradisobis-droSi, miTis ki istoriaSi~ gadayvanis unars gulisxmobs aseve
yovlismomcvel mexsierebazea dafuZnebuli. `yvelafris damaxsovreba, imisic, rac
sxvebma Seni imediT daiviwyes~ (rogorc es `avelumSia~ naTqvami) mwerlis kidev erTi
universaluri Tvisebaa. `bednier tanjulSic~ yvelafer imas mouyria Tavi, rac
guSindeli ormomtrialiT Tavgzaabneulebs uwesrigod migviyr-mogviyria, rac
motivirebis, gaazrebisa Tu gancxadebis Suagzaze migvitovebia, ris mimarT
gaurkvevlobis yovlismomcveli SiSi gvigrZvnia.
`gaurkvevlobis burusi~ oTar WilaZisaTvis istoriis miRma gasvlis
Semzaraobas aTvalsaCinoebs, romlis iqiT qarTvelad darCenis SesaZlebloba
minimumamdea dayvanili. qarTvel kacs ki qarTvelad darCenis ufleba unda dautovon.
Tanac ai, rogor: `daanaxon, auxsnan, ra gzebiTaa SesaZlebeli dacemuli, galaxuli
samSoblos aRdgena da damerwmuneT, SeuZlebels SeZlebs... gana dRes vinme udgas
gverdSi qarTvel kacs? gana, vinme amxnevebs, exmareba Sinauri Tu gareuli mtrebis
xrikebSi garkvevas? ra Tqma unda, ara... ~ Tumca kontrSekiTxva, romelic amave
konteqstidanaa aRmocenebuli, rogorRac uCveulo rakusiTaa dasmuli,
moulodnelad da SemaSfoTeblad: bevrs SemorCa ki qarTvelad yofnis survili?
mexsierebaSi axali talRis erTi skandaluri poetis striqonebi cocxldeba, misive
`kotestrofebidan~: `Cemo samSoblo mxareo, riT veRar gaixareo, ... mexi ki
dagayareo~. asea, zogs molodini Rlis, fitavs, zogs igi `maradiul omad~ eqceva,
mizanmimarTulad da gaazrebulad.
oTar WilaZis, rogorc `ezoTeruli sakiTxavis~ Semqmneli mwerlis sulieri
wonasworoba enisadmi mis damokidebulebas efuZneba. haidegeris cnobili mosazreba:
ramdenadac flob enas, imdenad flob realobas, TiTqos gvavaldebulebs yvelaferi,
rac ki am mwerlis xelidan gamosula, Janrobrivi nairgvareobis miuxedavad, swored
am urTierTganpirobebulobiT avxsnaT da SevafasoT.
axali enis Semotana, maSin, rodesac igi ar aris realobis adekvaturi, qmnis
SeuTavseblobasa da xelovnurobis gancdas. oTar WilaZem ki daamtkica, rom
tradiciuli eniTac SesaZlebelia axali realobis aRwera, rac enisadmi misi, rogorc
mwerlis, mudmivad frTxili damokidebulebis Sedegia. oTar WilaZe xom e.w. `axali
samocianelTa~ im Taobas ekuTvnis, romelmac `gaaTbo qarTuli sityva~, ixsna is
sabWouri Stampisagan, daabruna es sityva `Sin~. enaSi, rogorc kulturis umTavres
fenomenSi, dawyebuli `Sin dabrunebis~ misteria amave eniT gasagnebuli
msoflmxedvelobis, aRqmis da gancdis mtverwayril receptorTa amoqmedebiT daiwyo
da am mimarTulebiT iqna gavrcobil-gaRrmavebuli. maSinac, rodesac poeti oTar
WilaZe TaobaTa sulTampyrobelis, galaktionis, yovlismomcveli SeRwevadobisagan
Tavis dacvas cdilobda (rac man didi warmatebiT ganaxorciela kidec), igi ukve
erTveboda uxilav, Tumca mwerlisaTvis amiT aranakleb mniSvnelovan, filosofiur
kvadratSi: suli-adamiani-sityva-sagani. ena iwyebda denas misi poeturi samyarosaken,
rogorc erTxel da samudamod mocemuli maradisoba, i. brodski ki ityoda, rogorc
`lingvisturi aucilebloba~. Zala, romelic qarTvel mwerlad, imave `bednier
tanjulad~ yofnas sWirdeboda, swored am amouxapavi Widan iqna aRebuli, romelSic
TviTganwmendisa da TviTaRdgenis TviTrwmena CvenTvis xSirad auxsneli ZaliT
cocxlobs: `sityva erTaderTi da sakmaod bneli gvirabia, romlis meSveobiTac
samyaros vukavSirdebiT Cveni arsebidan TavdaRweulni~ _ gvixsnis TviTon mwerali
_ `da romlis meSveobiTac isev Cvens arsebaSi vbrundebiT, marad amoucnobi
samyarodan, oRond ufro ukeTesni, vidre `gamgzavrebamde~ viyaviT, ufro metis
mcodneni da metis amtannic, sityvis maradiul, marad cocxal wiaRSi gamovlilni~.
bulgareTSi dabadebuli cnobili literaturis Teoretikosis, iulia
kristevas, enismonacvleobam damarwmuna imaSi, Tu ratom unda mivaniWoT
upiratesoba oTar WilaZis enobriv koncefcias. bulgaruli iulia kristevasTvis,
garkveul periodamde `maSveli rgolia, pirvandeli siRrmeebidan aRmocenebuli~,
romelic, `mudmivad mis dasaxmareblad moiwevs~. mogvianebiT, emigraciaSi
wasulisaTvis, ufro sworad ki, bulgareTis mudmiv mouwyoblobas

46
ganridebulisaTvis, franguli, `Tavidan myife da xelovnuri, sul ufro da ufro
aucilebeli xdeba. mokled, `saxelTa alqimiaSi~ iulia kristeva `erTi-erTze rCeba
frangulTan~, `arqmevs saxels yofierebas da iwyebs cxovrebas frangulad~.
bulgaruls xan mkvdar enad acxadebs, xanac `dedobriv mexsierebas~ uwodebs, rac,
albaT, aZlevs kidec uflebas bulgareTsa da bulgarelebs CvenTvis,
qarTvelebisTvisac, uaRresad angariSgasawevi, umwaresi simarTle uTxras: istoriis
gembanidan gadagdebulebi xarTo, mis dawevas cdilobT da ar iciT, rogor moiqceTo;
veravin gamCnevT da aravis sWirdebiTo; Tundac yvelaze adre gaiRviZoT, mainc
agvianebT am Zvel samyaroSi, mudmivad rom axldeba da dagvianebulebs ver itanso;
gindaT yvelaferi miiRoT, oRond im pirobiT, rom Tvlemas ganagrZobT, TiTs ar
gaanZrevT, an ixulignebT, moatyuebT, cbierebas gamoiCenT; zogjer Ronemixdilni
sikvdilamdec imuSavebT, Tumca Tqveni sikvdilic rom aravis sWirdebao; Tqveni
gulubryvilo moazrovneebisa da gulisxmieri glexebis ena, iseve uimedod
gamoiyureba, rogorc Tqveni miswrafebebio da a.S.
enis ubadlo specialisti, romelic sintaqsiTa da sufiqsebiT, enaSi
savazneebiviT Catenili ucxo sityvebis mouqnelobiT enis odnavi vibrirebis anu,
rogorc TviTon ambobs, `caxcaxis~ SegrZnebaTa klasificirebas axdens da amiT
bevrad ufro met informacias flobs bulgarelebze, vidre istorikosTa mTeli
kohorta, mainc uxerxul mdgomareobaSi vardeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom xalxs aseT
simarTles eubnebi, miuxedavad tkivilisa, romelsac am dros ganicdi, mainc droSi
CarCenilebze moxerxebulad, wasulad da rac mTavaria, apatridad (usamSoblod)
gamoiyurebi. usamSobloba, romelsac Tavad iulia kristeva `zRvarze yofnas~
uwodebs, cxadia, danaSauli ar aris. es ubralod imis sapirispiro movlenaa, rasac
`bednier tanjulSi~ vxedavT da ganvicdiT. gamodis, rom is, rasac ganWvretis ZaliT
daSorda iulia kristeva, imave ZaliT uaxlovdeba oTar WilaZe; eniT realobis
floba, miT ufro, amgvarad mouxelTebeli realobis, oTar WilaZisaTvis xom mxolod
qarTuli enisadmi gacxadebuli rwmena ar aris? aq bevri ram iyris Tavs da saTqmeli
rac SeiZleba naklebad paTeTikuri rom gamogvivides, isev mwerals davesesxebi:
`vidre saqarTveloSi erTi kaci mainc wers da erTi kaci mainc kiTxulobs, marTla
SeiZleba yvelaferi davibrunoT, aramarto miwebi, aramed zneobac!... dRes
saqarTveloSi brma tyviebis Jami dgas. brma tyvias ki yvelafris mokvla SeuZlia _
ocnebisac. amitom yvelanairad unda vecadoT, brmad ar isrodnen Cvens qveyanaSi,
aramarto tyvias, aramed sityvasac~... (ai, erT-erT kedelze misaweri Tu
gasazepirebeli frazac: brmad nu visvriT sityvas!).
dRes Cveni literaturacentrizmi anu is, rom `literaturis qveyana varT~,
lamis Seuracxmyofel mosazrebad iTvleba. marTlac, xSirad, rodesac `moZvelebul
luRluRs~ ismen, romelSic mxolod sabWouri `samoTxis~ xsovnaa aRbeWdili da
romelic fsevdoaqtiurobas, fsevdomsjelobas, fsevdoprincipebs da bolos da
bolos fsevdoprofesionalizms ganasaxierebs, uimedoba gipyrobs. mxolod maSin,
rodesac am sakiTxze namdvili wignebis Semqmneli mwerali gesaubreba, acnobiereb
Slamisa da minarevebisagan dawmendili literaturis mniSvnelobas, mis
pirveladobas, mis yovlismomcvelobas. swored literaturis mier Cveni qveynisaTvis
gaweuli samsaxuris sworad gaazrebiTaa SesaZlebeli esodeni sinaTlis Setana Tavad
`qveynis~ cnebaSi. ai, Turme rogor `martivad~ yofila yvelaferi: `qveyana ki sxva
araferia: Seni puri da Seni Rvino unda mogyavdes, sxvebs rom ar Sescqerode xelebSi
da Sens Tavgadasavals werde auCqareblad, Seulamazeblad keTilsindisierad~...
leqsadac da prozadac imeoreT winaparTa danabarebio! _ mimarTavs oTar
WilaZe axalgazrda mwerlebs. ufro zustad, `jerjerobiT~ imeoreTo, `sanam Cveni
xalxis bedi ar garkveula, vidre Cvens arsebobas ar aRiarebs da ar Seegueba danarCeni
msoflio!~, bedis maZieblebi iyaviT, Suris maZieblebi nu gaxdebiTo! _ amasac eubneba,
sruliad darwmunebuli imaSi, rom mwerlobis `uZRebi Svilebi~ adre Tu gvian
cdunebebiT savse gzaze xetialis Semdeg, kvlav im aTvlis wertils daubrundebian,
sadac yvelaferi mTavrdeba da saidanac yvelaferi iwyeba.
mTeli es msjeloba `uZRebi Svilebis~, `qarTuli mwerlobis
TxuTmetsaukunovani uRlis~, `mwerlobis saxlSi dabrunebis~ da gansakuTrebiT am
sabediswero `jerjerobiT~ _ is Sesaxeb Zlier magonebs XX saukunis dasawyisSi
evropis haerCasunTquli SemoqmedebiTi axalTaobis saqarTveloSi dabrunebis
odiseas, maT mier evropuli `sulis krizisis~ ZiriTad niSanTa gadmotanis,

47
imitirebis survils da Semdgom `sakuTari Tavis alagvmas~ (daaxloebiT 1925-26
wlamde, Torem `alagmva~ Semdgom ra xasiaTisa iyo yvelam kargad icis), swored am
`jerjerobiT~ _ is gamo. es sityva `maradiul omSi~ Cven CarTulobasTan erTad
maradiuli molodiniT nasazrdoebi TviTdisciplinis, TviTSeqmnis unarsac xom ar
gulisxmobs? _ aseT safiqralsac gviCens mwerali. yvelaferi ki im kidev erTxel
mocemul Sanss ukavSirdeba (igulisxmeba cxadia, damoukideblobis gamocxadeba),
romelic axla ukve marTla sabolood warmogvidgens Cveni arCevanis siswores
`Tavisuflebasa da monobiT miRebul keTildReobas Soris~.
istoriul droSi Cveni xangrZlivi mogzaurobis, Cvenive monobisa Tu SesaZlo
Tavisuflebis mizez-Sedegobrioba oTar WilaZes Tavisi mwerluri niWierebis
masStaburobiTa aqvs nakvlevi. `bednier tanjulSi~ ki, rogorc aRvniSne dRevandeli
mkiTxvelis dafantuli yuradRebis koncentrirebis mizniT maxvilebs kidev erTxel
svams. `yuradRebis gamfantavTa~ Soris araprofesionaluri Jurnalistikac
saxeldeba, ufro sworad, is Jurnalistika, romelic TviTdamkvidrebas mwerlobis
marginalizaciis xarjze eswrafvis. daSvebulia erTgvari profesiul daltonizmi,
rodesac daviwyebulia gansxvaveba mwerlisa da Jurnalistis funqciebs Soris.
Tanamedrove masmediisagan gansxvavebiT mwerals `adamianis siglaxis, simdablisa Tu
garyvnilebis kidev erTxel aRmoCena ki ar evaleba, aramed kidev erTi TanagrZnobis
gamoxatva adamianisaTvis~ _ vkiTxulobT `bednier tanjulSi~ da Semdeg: is, rom
Jurnalists ar rcxvenia, normalurad rom ver metyvelebs mSobliur enaze, ufro
sworad, `saxelmwifo enis im normebis Sesabamisad, romelTa dacvac erTnairad
savaldebuloa yvelasaTvis~, imaze migvaniSnebs, rom igi mikrofonTan `qarTulad
azrovnebas“ miuCveveli dadga da Semdeg TiTqmis araferi gaukeTebia am
naklovanebebis aRmosafxvrelad (`qarTulad azrovneba~ _ oTar WilaZis
ganmartebiT: `jer samSoblosaTvis da mere sakuTari TavisTvis cxovrebaa~). maSin,
rodesac `mweralsac da Jurnalistebsac meti windaxeduloba marTebT dRes _ vidre
dailaparakebdes, Zirfesvianad unda hqondes Seswavlili nebismieri sakiTxi,
uneburad mtris wisqvilze rom ar mouSvas wyali...~
xazgasmiTaa naTqvami: `Zirfesvianad unda hqondes Seswavlili~, rac pirvel
rigSi, pirovnuli Tavisuflebisa da pasuxismgeblobis xarisxs ukavSirdeba. saidan
unda movides igi, Tu bevri Tavs komfortulad isev aRreul kriteriumTa
garemocvaSi grZnobs? da ase gagrZeldeba manam, sanam Cveni gansja Worikanoba iqneba,
Cveni Tanadgoma _ qedmaRloba, Cveni wvdoma _ TviTkmayofileba, Cveni Tavazianoba...
aRar gavagrZeleb. ukanaskneli ori saukunis manZilze es CamonaTvali sxvadasxva
variantiT yofila warmodgenili da Cveneulze bevrad niWieradac. Tavi da Tavi
problemisa, romelic drois niSniTaa aRbeWdili, mwerlobis JurnalistikiT
Canacvlebaa, rac Zalian saxifaTo tendenciaa qveynisaTvis, romlis kulturuli
identobac aqamde swored mwerlobam moitana.
`bednieri tanjuli~ mravali mizezis gamo politikuri diskursis esTetizacia
ver iqneboda da arc aris. es azrobrivad amouwuravi wignia, imitom, rom Tavis
uflebebSi aRdgenili sityvebiTaa dawerili. oTar WilaZe, pirvel rigSi,
mniSvnelobaTa Semnaxvelia da iqneb swored es aZlevs mas uflebas Tqvas, rom igi ara
`mebrZoli mweralia~ (am sityvis CvenTvis nacnobi ukiduresad utrireburi
mniSvnelobiT), aramed gadamrCeni. is, vinc gafrTxilebs, sityvebs brma tyviebiviT nu
isvriTo, amasTan jargad icis mkiTxvelis gazantebuli sulis amuSavebis
mniSvneloba da isic, Tu rogori Sinagani TviTdisciplina da patiosneba sWirdeba
carieli furclis Sevsebas.

48
 Tamar barbaqaZe

postmodernizmidan win — romantizmisaken!

(karlo kaWaravas `leqsebi~)

karlo kaWaravas saxeli qarTuli avangardis istorias SeenivTa. ukve ori

aTeuli weli miiwura 1986 wlidan, rodesac samxatvro akademiis meaTe sarTulze
muSaoba daiwyo mxatvarTa erTma jgufma (mamuka cecxlaZe, niko cecxlaZe, maia
cecxlaZe, oleg timCenko, mamuka jafariZe, karlo kaWarava, gia doliZe, Temur
iakobaSvili, zurab sumbaZe, gia loria, giorgi maRlakeliZe), romelmac mogvianebiT
`meaTe sarTulis~ saxelwodeba miiRo.
am jgufma Taviseburad gaagrZela romantizmis tradiciebi qarTul
xelovnebaSi. rogorc karlo kaWarava gvauwyebs, es iyo neoeqspresionistuli
figuratiulobiT gacocxlebuli samyaro raindebis, mefeebis, jujebisa da uCveulo
TamaSSi ironiiT daxasiaTebuli eSmakebis an yoveldRiurobis usiamovnebaTagan
daRlili, sasacilod iercvlili demonebisa. axalgazrdebi gulwrfelad
cdilobdnen, alegoriuli saxe-xatebiT esaubraT saWirboroto socialur
problemebze da CamoeyalibebinaT sasurveli literaturul-kinematografiuli
samyaro, romelic mikrosazogadoebisaTvis mainc iqneboda misaRebi, Tuki igi farTo
masebisaTvis ucxo aRmoCndeboda.
yoveli axali mxatvruli, saxeobrivi azrovnebis mosurne jgufi meamboxea,
sazogadod, amitom momxreTa da mowinaaRmdegeTa Tanaarsebobas Tavisi momavali
istoriisaTvis aucileblad gulisxmobs. dRevandel saqarTveloSi postmodernizmis
Teoria da praqtika sakmaod Zlieria: Tavisi rCeulebic gamokveTa da
`miwebebulebic~; karlo kaWaravaze ki yvela, SeTanxmebuliviT, pativiscemiT,
krZalviT, ridiT saubrobs, rogorc XX s. 80-iani wlebis qarTuli avangardis
klasikosze, axali mimdinareobis liderze, qarTuli postmodernizmis erT-erT
Zlier Teoretikosze, saintereso mxatvarze. naklebad aris gaanalizebuli karlo
kaWaravas leqsebi, romelTa nawili iyo mxolod dRemde cnobili periodikis
meoxebiT.
amJamad ki xelTa gvaqvs karlo kaWaravas mSvenivrad gamocemuli ortomeuli,
romelTagan erTi statiebs eTmoba, xolo meore _ poezias. orive wignis yda
gaformebulia karlo kaWaravas cnobili naxatiT, romelsac, albaT, `sinaTlis
sikvdili~ hqvia. mxatvris warwera ase gvauwyebs: `sinaTlis sikvdili~. es naxati
eZRvneba gamoCenil avstriel xelovnebaTmcodnes hans zedlmaiers~. poeziis tomis
ydaze foni `sinaTlis sikvdilisa~ Ria, naTelia, xolo statiebis krebulis yda
Camuqebulia, bnelia da `sinaTlis sikvdils~ met damajereblobas aniWebs: prozaulia
da Sav-sevdiani.
amjerad karlo kaWaravas ortomeulis pirvel tomze unda visaubroT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom am leqsebs krebulad gaerTianebis pretenzia avtoris mier,
albaT, ar eqneboda, samwuxarod, Cven ise unda miviRoT igi, rogorc udrood
gardacvlili poetis niWis Tayvanismcemlebma Seadgines. Cveni azriT, karlo
kaWaravas leqsebis es krebuli Zvirfasi SenaZenia qarTuli postmodernizmis
istoriis mkvlevarTaTvis.
`Dor Tod des Lichtes~ _ `sinaTlis sikvdili~ _ avtorisa da krebulis SemdgenelTa
Canafiqrs Cvenc vuerTdebiT da migvaCnia, rom karlo kaWaravas leqsebi am Tematikis
garSemo jgufdeba da, saerTod, qarTuli avangardis mier XX s. 80-iani wlebis
qarTuli poeziis erT-erTi Zlieri tendenciis gamomxatvelic unda iyos es sityvebi.
karlo kaWaravas leqsebis krebulis ydaze, Sesabamisad, mxatvris mier gamokveTilia:
ucxoeli mamakacis portreti warweriT: Sorgen _ `sazrunavi~ da kedlis naTura
warweriT: Achtung!!! - `yuradReba~. wiTel fonze Savi StrixebiT Sesrulebuli
figurebi damRlelia da gamaRizianebeli, saSiSi da miusafari _ quCaSi gamotanili,
gamofenili dardiTa da gauqarvebeli naRveliT. Teatris gareSe darCenili
sazogadoeba quCaSi marTavs sanaxaobas: `antiTeatri qmnis axal esTetikas
(Rirebulebas)~.
karlo kaWaravas poezias mxatvris mier dawerili lqsebi qmnian da es sruliadac
ar aris sagangaSo: piriqiTac ki unda iyos. axali esTetika, axali Rirebuleba aRar

49
efuZneba `gangebis eTikis~, `bedi-mdevaris~, gangebis macnis ueWvelobas, piriqiT:
aqve, amqveynadve, amJamad, Cven Tvalwin unda vixiloT ocnebebis msxvreva da
davrwmundeT, rom Cven garda aravin izrunebs da ifiqrebs Cvenze; unugeSod, uimedod
cxovrebaSi vpoulobT Svebas: mxatvris mier ganivTebuli ocnebebi ki qvasaviT mZimed
gviTrevs fskerisaken:

`viRac qvas esvris am mfrinav kacebs

mZimed xvdeba es Zirs daSvebuli qva
varskvlaviviT brWyvialebs viRacis sawolze...~
(`antiTeatri qmnis axal esTetikas (Rirebulebebs)~, 1985)

qva _ varskvlavi _ sawoli _ aseTia traeqtoria cidan varskvlavebis nacvlad

sizmrebSi Camoyrili qvasaviT mZime ocnebebisa, romelTac `poezia~ _ `es mZime da
mouqneli sityva~ (k. kaWarava), rasakvirvelia, veRar Seifarebs.
XX s. 80-iani wlebis qarTul poetur sinamdviles daepatronnen `mZime,
muStebSemarTuli kacebi~: agresiam daimkvidra Cvens qveyanaSi da CaaxSo, gadafara
sinazisa da umweobis susti kivili: `bavSvis qudi, moxucis xeljoxi da qalis winda~.
k. kaWaravas leqsebis krebulis pirvelsave gverdze mxatvris TvaliT danaxuli,
nivTebiT TvalsawierSezRuduli, sagnebiT amoqolili horizonti gvabrunebs
sakuTari wiaRisaken, axali postmodernistuli esTetika gvaiZulebs, `davtkbeT~
simulakrebiT _ originalebis gareSe arsebuli aslebiT: sagnebisa da movlenebis
miRma SevwyvitoT raime diadisa da amaRlebulis Zieba, ar movityuoT Tavi
SemTxvevaTa jaWvis kanonzomierebis aRmoCenis sixaruliT: vicxovroT naTel-
mxiaruli aRmafrenis gareSe!
karlo kaWaravas esseSi: `ra, aris avangardi da ra undaT misgan Tanamedrove
qarTvelebs~ (1992 weli, 30 maisi, `droni~, № 21, ortomeuli, statiebi, gv. 117-120)
sadad, ubralod, gasagebad, naTlad, adamianurad aris naTqvami, rom `namdvili
avangardistebisaTvis mniSvnelovani, mTavari aris realobis problemebis fiqsacia
da sazRvrebis moSla xelovnebasa da cxovrebas Soris. am gzaze komunikaciis moZiebis
mcdeloba umTavresi gaxldaT. garegnuli, paradoqsuli formebic amisTvis iyo
moxmobili da ara TviTmiznuri lazRandarobisaTvis~.
karlo kaWarava amave esseSi saubrobs im saSiSroebaze, rac qarTvel
`avangardistebs~, cru RirebulebaTa damkvidrebiT, sazogadoebis gaRizianebiTa da
maTi Semoqmedebisadmi undoblobiT emuqrebaT: `CvenSi piriqiT xdeba: momxmarebels
niSnismogebiT sTavazoben raRac iaf, viTom elitarul surogatebs da surT am
nimuSebis did RirebulebaSi daarwmunon... `erovnuli~ avangardic... cudad SeniRbuli
agresiis saSualebad iqca~.
karlo kaWaravas ar eeWveboda, rom `SeuZlebelia literaturaze saubrisas
mxolod literaturiT SemosazRvra~ (`ras gvaZlevs amerikuli literatura~ _ 1993,
statiebi, gv. 157), Tumca amgvari saubris formas Zieba da povna sWirdeboda. mxatvarma
da poetma karlo kaWaravam, Cemi azriT, moiZia qarTuli avangardistuli cxovrebisa
da xelovnebis gamaerTianebeli, Tavis TanamemamuleebTan dialogisaTvis saWiro
sityvaTa kavSirebi, erTdroulad: maRalfardovani da sada, iseTi, rogoric iyo
dakveTa misi Tanamedrove sazogadoebisa. mere ki ubralod ganacxada amis Taobaze:
`me mivageni am enas~. karlo kaWaravas poeturi `gadakiTxvebis~ ruka zRapruli, ciuri
mogzaurobisa da miwasTan mtkivneuli Sexebis mrude, klaknili xazebiT aris
daqselili da mkiTxvels ar uWirs masze gzis gagneba, radgan poeti-megzuri keTilia:
marTlac namdvilad surs, mkTxveli Tavis Tanamgzavrad aqcios da ara mxolod poeti-
vizioneris uzarmazari da ukidegano codniT Tavzardacemul,ususur arsebad
miaCnevinos Tavi. poeti karlo kaWarava gulwrfelad sTavazobs misi leqsebis
mkiTxvels cxovrebidan zRaprebSi gadasaxlebas da mere ki _ piriqiT:

`vmogzaureb viT xaliCiT aladinis cisfer qvebze zeviT mfreni.

warmosaxul TevzTa an frinvelTa, warmosaxul radioxmaTa mudam Semcvleli.
dabneuli, amayi, Tan sasacilo unugeSod CemSive mitovebuli~.
(`gamgzavrebisaTvis~)
klements grinbergi, `postmodernis~ erT-erTi Teoretikosi, sworad aRniSnavs,
rom `modernizmi krizisis pasuxad gaCnda. am krizisis zedapirul aspeqts im normaTa
aRreva warmoadgens, romlebic romantizmma daawesa... romantizmze modernizmis

50
reaqcia nawilobriv poeziasa da mxatvrobaSi axali normebis Ziebasa da kvlevaSi
mdgomareobda, aseve mkafiosa da konkretulze yuradRebis fiqsirebaSi~. rogorc
statiis dasawyisSi mivuTiTebdiT, karlo kaWaravas esseze dayrdnobiT, `meaTe
sarTulis~ jgufic romantizmis tradiciebis rRveva-aRdgeniT Semovida XX s. 80-iani
wlebis meore naxevris qarTul xelovnebaSi.
karlo kaWaravas avtorefleqsia, poeturi TviTdaxasiaTeba zustad
warmogvidgens xelovanis damokidebulebas SemoqmedebiTi procesisa da teqstebis
adresatebis mimarT:

`ramdenime xnis win mxolod imis wera daviwye,

rac ver ikiTxeba
radgan aq araferia sakiTxavi
da spontanur xatebSi neba mkvdari
vwer absurdisa da sasowarkveTilebisagan _
gulubryvilod cdeba is, vinc fiqrobs
rom absurdists araferi stkiva
zurgis, Tavis an yuris garda~.
(`rudaqi. absurduli poema~, 1987)

krizisuli cnobierebiT gajerebuli karlo kaWaravas `Raribi sizmrebi~

romantizmis noyier niadagze xarobs, miuxedavad imisa, rom TviTon poetma kargad
icis: es sizmrebi yvavilebad ver gadaiSleba, winaprebze fiqri da ocneba ki Zils
mxolod daafrTxobs:

`...isev vxatavdi mfrinav mamebs,

romlebic gadasarCenad Tu dasaRupad itacebdnen qalebs
da cxadia, isev me mgavdnen.
naxatebze qarTul da germanul
warwerebs vakeTebdi.
qolgis qveS videqi dedasTan erTad
da winaprebze vsaubrobdiT.
RamiT didxans ar dameZina~.
(`xangrZlivi efemera~, 1987)

karlo kaWaravas verlibrTa Soris erTi Cveulebrivi, tradiciuli,

konvenciuri, mamapapuri riTmebiT dawerili orstrofiani leqsia; Tumca Tavisi
SinaarsiTac, semantikiTac da formiTac, struqturiTac igi romantikosTa xelweriT
aris Sesrulebuli, taepobrivi anJambemaniTa da romantikuli Ramis sizmrebiT:

xan mosulia, xan modis isev

naZvebis Cumi mimosvla caze
roca klebulobs Suqi Tan Rame
sivrces gvimoklebs sacxovris Tavze.

ase Semova Tan mimavali

ubraloebiT, simSvidiT, rigiT
sizmrad sruldeba misi savali.
asakTa xangrZlivi Tan mokle rigiT.
(`Rame~, 1988)

simetriuli aTmarcvlediT (5/5) Sesrulebuli leqsis mxolod ukanaskneli

striqonia disharmoniuli (5/6), sadac poetis mzera zecas miemarTeba da
romantikosTa xanmokle da maradiuli cxovrebis filosofias xsnis mSvidad da
ubralod. postmodernuli epoqidan win, romantizmisaken migviZRvis karlo kaWaravas
`amao TevzWerac~:

`ganjadoebuli kunZulebi hgvanan varskvlavebs

wylis simSvide ukve gvamSvidebda fskerisken daviwyebulT.
xeebs SezRudul sivrceTa sawolebSi SfoTiT eZinaT
da dasizmrebulni vgoneb sizmrebs aRar xedavdnen~.

51
 (`amao TevzWera~, 1988)

sxvagvarad SeuZlebeli iqneboda, gagvego da agvexsna poetis leqsebis mZafri

Jinianoba dakarguli naxvris Ziebisa, gamTlianebis surviliT nakarnaxevi,
gamaxvilebuli mzera varskvlaviani cisa da idumali wylis siRrmisaken, nivTebiT
gadatvirTuli sivrcis garRvevisa da Tavisuflebisaken winmswrafi qrolvis
surviliT aRbeWdili:

`...mxolod SiSi rodi gvkarnaxobs survils.

urTierTSi dakargulni Cven erTmaneTs veZebT~.
(`mamaTa Taoba~, 1988)

poetis saocnebo, ucnobi qalic romantikuli sivrcis binadaria, romantikuli

warsulis mzeTunaxavi, kosmiur qarSi TmagaSlili:

`Sen xar im ezos dedofali, romelSic naxSiri yria

da qari qris.
me vxedav Seni Tmebis samagrs.
me vxedav Sens mzeras sadRac iqeT,
sadac ar mirtyamdnen, sadac mamaCemi cocxali iyo~.
(`eZRvneba ucnob qals~, 1988)

am mcire zomis leqsis lirikuli gmiri, postmodernuli epoqis Svili,

iZulebulia, zRapruli mzeTunaxavis gaSlili Tmis nacvlad, `Tmis samagrze~
SeaCeros mzera, xolo ucnobi qalis Tvalsawiers moSorebulma, Tavisi uRmerTo da
droiT nagvemi uaxloesi warsuli ver daiviwyos verasodes; miuxedavad amisa,
mkiTxveli mainc poetis bavSvurad meocnebe angelozebs ufro uSinaurdeba, vidre
demonuri robotebiT ametyvelebul striqonebs, radgan man namdvilad Seiyvara
`sizmrebmowamluli~ poeti adamianuri, namdvili TanagrZnobiT:

`me Tvalebis daxuWva mominda, magram sizmrebi momiwamles.

rogor wamlaven sizmrebs
warmovidgine cocxali arsebis qsovilTa Tu nervTa SekrToma
uecari mtkivneuli Seviwroeba...

sizmrebis mowamlva Cems mowamlvas niSnavs

sizmrebis uwinares Tu sizmris Semdeg~
............................
sizmris mowamlvis sakmaod zusti xatia
Cems sizmrebSi am bolo Jams mxolod uintereso
uRimRamo qalebma da Seuxedavma bavSvebma daisadgures.
...........................
mowamlvis es biologiuri xati dakargul
satrfoebze nostalgia iyo~.
(Ûdidi xnis mere..., 1989)

poeti xedavs: `SeiSala saswaulebrivis rwmeniT samyofi samyaro~, magram ar

aviwydeba: `ufali Cveni maradisi sicocxlea da siyvaruli feriscvaleba misi —
saxieri dResaswauli~, amitom: `SiSi ususuri mdevaria~.
karlo kaWaravas poeziis samSoblo tician tabiZis saqarTveloa da ara
`tvinfratuna kosmopolitebis~ (vaJa-fSavela) mier SemoTavazebuli msoflio,
usazRvro sivrce:

`...CvenTvis misaRebia raRac amgvari

_ `Cven yaCaRebma mogvkles aragvze
Tqven Cvens sikvdilSi brali ar gidevT~
ai, ra aris CemTvis samSoblo _
Cveni droebiTi, magram yovelTvis
mouxelTebeli TavSesafari~ (1990).

52
 citaciisa da interpretaciis postmodernuli Teoriebidan karlo kaWarava
zedmiwevniT zustad sesxulobs mxolod misTvis bunebrivs, organuls, erTi
misxaliTac rom ar aris nayalbevi da futuro; Tumca poetma icis, rom `codna
gvaTavisuflebs SiSisagan~, xolo `roca sinaTle klebulobs... saRamovdeba~, adamiani
ki, `romelic didxans fiqrobs, _ mxolod fiqrobs~ _ mainc ar SeuZlia, iyos sxva
epoqis Svili da, miuxedavad imisa, rom `sinaTlis sikvdili~ xSirad anaRvlebs, mainc
ver daijerebs, rom ar gaTendeba:

`samyaro, Cveni samyaro, isec sakmaod Raribi

mainc gviyvarda am oTaxidan,
sadac saubrobdnen: onkologebi, poetebi, msaxiobebi
da gvacinebda viRac xumara.
Tendeboda.
RamiT gasrulebuli mogzauroba sarkmlebSi sinaTliT —
yoveli mxridan~.
(`moskovuri Rameebi~, 1993)

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom postmodernizms xSirad ganixilaven ara rogorc

ganxeTqilebas romantizmisa da modernizmis SexedulebebTan, aramed rogorc
logikur kulminacias am adreul mimdinareobaTa gancxadebisa, romlebic yovelTvis
zustad ar ganisazRvreba am sakiTxebze msjelobisas (b. wifuria, postmodernizmi;
wignSi: literaturis Teoria. XX saukunis ZiriTadi meTodologiuri koncefciebi da
mimdinareobebi, Tb., 2006, gv. 223); amitomac aris winaaRmdegobrivi karlo kaWaravas
bevr leqsSi poetis Canafiqrisa da lirikuli gmiris aRsarebis urTierTSeTanxmeba.
mag.: `Sen daibade foTis elevatorTan~ (1993, Tbilisi), erTi mxriv, avtoris
gadawyvetilebiT, Teoriuli wiaRiTa da svlageziT, namdvilad postmodernuli
teqstia: fragmentulobiT, faruli Tu aSkara ironiiT, interteqstualur arealTan
mimarTebiT, krizisuli cnobierebiT, postmodernuli damokidebulebiT klasikuri
memkvidreobisadmi, meore mxriv ki, Tuki vaRiarebT, rom postmodernizmi aris
gagrZeleba dasasrulis Semdeg anu xelovneba gaxda yofierebis nawili, sruliad
gasagebi xdeba lirikuli gmiris romantikuli aRiareba, romantizmis skolisa da
cnobierebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli damokidebuleba idealuri da realuri samyaros
mimarT:

`iq, sadac ar isvrian, Seni samSoblo aRaraa,

`mamav, mamav, momeci cota fuli da xetialis unari
da nu daiviwyeb dasavleT saqarTvelos wvimian sasaflaoebs.
Cems cas, romelsac mTeli cxovreba marTmeven Cemianebi~.
Sen es ar giTqvams, Sen ar gZinavs, Sen TofiT icdi
Sen mebaJe xar~.

karlo kaWaravas es, marTlac saocari xilva-Wvretis suraTi, qarTuli cis

mcveli ori Taobis _ Zveli da axali, `mamaTa~ da `SvilTa~, romantikosTa da
realistTa _ `araxalia~ _ `Zvelias~ dapirispirebis fonze ixateba.
karlo kaWaravas, postmodernistuli, krizisuli epoqis moqalaqesa da
xelovans, ar SeuZlia gulgrili da uRmerTo, uwinapro da umomavlo iyos, amitomac
aris igi Cveulebrivi, qarTveli romantikosi, galaktionis msgavsad, `romantikosTa
skolis pirveli klasis moswavle~, oTar WilaZis wvimiani ciTa (`wvims. mowyenili da
sveli kvamli / cas etmasneba da caSi adis...~) da mSobliuri kvamliT Tvalebatkiebuli,
mzeradabinduli, ticianiviT, nebayoflobiT qceuli `mona~, saqarTvelos uRelSi
Sebmuli (`davbadebulvar, rom viyo mona da saqarTvelos medgas uReli~); Tumca isic
icis, rom imedgacruebas unda Seeguos yovelive zemoTqmulis gamo:

`Sen isev im skolaSi xar,

romelSic mxolod momaval
guldawyvetebs gaswavlian!~
(1994. moskovi)

53
 karlo kaWaravas poeziis wignis lirikis ganyofileba dasrulebulia leqsiT,
romelsac `siyvaruli~ hqvia. avtori kidev erTxel gvevlineba e. w. `mijnis~ adamianad;
sazRvari amJamadac postmodernuli sinamdvile — yofasa da romantizms _ ocnebas _
acalkevebs erTmaneTisagan:

`...e. i. me vswavlob namdvil cxovrebas

rom darCenili mcireodenic
ar wamarTvas safrTxesTan umizno brZolam _
romantizmma~ (1994).

samwuxarod, Tu sabednierod, swored karlo kaWaravas poeziis wigni, poetis

aTwliani (1985-1994) cikli sityvieri Semoqmedebisa, gvarwmunebs, rom romantizmma,
yoveldRiuri safrTxeebis winaaRmdeg Tavganwirulma brZolam, gvaCuqa namdvili
poeti: `sinaTlis sikvdilis~ Semdeg mxolod suliT poetebs, namdvil meocnebeebs,
romantikosebs SeuZliaT, `zrunva~ da `yuradReba~ ar moaklon winaprebsa da
memkvidreebs: karlo kaWaravas Semoqmedebas ki fesvZlieri da rtomravali qarTuli
poezia kvebavs da daicavs kidec.

54
 inga milorava

`sad mividriko Tavi...~

mainc ra aris wignis kiTxva, ra unda adamians, ras elis mis win gadaSlili
striqonebiT aSenebuli samyarosagan an ratom cdilobs sakuTari warmosaxviT
CaerTos da Seerwyas sxvisi warmosaxviT Seqmnil samyaros?
ras eZebs adamiani xelovnebis nimuSSi, mxatvrul teqstSi _ sxvas Tu sakuTar
Tavs? yvelafers, albaT, radgan buneba kacisa rTulia da aRuvsebeli,
daukmayofilebeli da martosuli. sakuTar TavTan martod darCenili igi kedlebs
awydeba da eZiebs pasuxs kiTxvebze, eZebs axsnas imisas, rasac ganicdis, rasac xedavs
an verc xedavs, magram gumaniT grZnobs, eswrafvis tkbobas da Tanaziarobas sityvaSi,
bgeraSi, ferSi, TanaSemoqmedebas da miusafrobis SiSis daZlevas. sabolood
Semoqmedebas da Semoqmedebis Secnobas albaT erTidaigive impulsi _ Sinagani
mTlianobis, sisavsis mopoveba _ aRZravs. am dros da gansakuTrebiT ki am bolo dros,
anu bolo xanebSi, sul ufrodufro xSirad wamoyofs Tavs erTi fiqri _ vin an rogor
kiTxulobs mwerlis naazrevs. TiTqos yvelaferi martivad unda iyos: mweralma Tqva,
mkiTxvelma Tavisi SesaZleblobebis farglebSi esTetikurad Seimecna da gaiazra misi
saTqmeli, magram komunikaciis es faqizi da mSvenieri procesi mTlad ase iolad da
ubralod rom ar an aRar xorcieldeba? avtori avtoria, magram sakiTxavia vin aris
mkiTxveli, rogoria misi zneobrivi sayrdeni, gemovneba, filosofiuri kredo,
socialuri TviTSegrZneba, bolosdabolos. pirobiTad, Zalian sworxazovnad,
SeiZleba davyoT ase: mkiTxveli `sedraqi~ da mkiTxveli `ruqa~. erTsadaimave
samyaros, ambavs, saxeobriv sistemas isini sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqvamen da
gansxvavebuli interpretaciiT warmoadgenen, an sulac ver miiReben, uaryofen. is,
rac esmis da axlobelia `sedraqisTvis~, ucxo da miuRebelia `ruqasTvis~. kidev ara
uSavs, Tu, vTqvaT, `ruqa~ gverdze gadadebs da sulac Tavs mianebebs misTvis
gaugebari faseulobebis da Sinagani dinamikis mqone teqsts, magram Tu ase ar moiqca?
Tu misdga da ironiuli RimiliT, cinizmiTa da nihilizmiT pirTamde avsebuli
guliTa da suliT moindoma avtoris, mwerlis gverdze gaweva (`mokvla~) da Tavisi
nebisamebr, sakuTar sistemaze mosargeblad Wrasa da kvecas Seudga cocxali
sxeulis- teqstis? irakli samsonaZis bolodroindeli moTxrobebis da,
gansakuTrebiT, `yurTbaliSis~ kiTxvisas gamiCnda es gancda: SeuZlebelia `ruqam~
waikiTxos, gaigonos da gaigos is, razec wers mwerali. gaCnda raRac
cdunebismagvaric, rom SeiZlebodes mkiTxvel-interpretator `ruqas~ tyavSi
SeZroma, erTgvari literaturuli TamaS-mistifikaciis xerxis gamoyeneba da ise
ganxilva am moTxrobis, sul sapirispiros, gamaognebels, amazrzens gvetyoda teqsti,
da ara imas, rasac gveubneba: avtoris nebiT, avtoris grZnobiT, misi yoveli nerviT,
sisxlZarRviT, misi sicocxlisa da sikvdilis gancdiT, samyaros da adamianis
maradiuli urTierTgamsWvalvais procesis tkiviliT. sxvas miviRebT, sul sxvas da
ara imas, rac aris.
Tumca, imedi unda viqonioT, rom mkiTxvel-interpretatori `ruqas~ msaxvrali
xeli da Tvali ar Seexeba am samyaros, radgan Tanadroul realobaSi `ruqa~ `kargad~
aris. amave realobaSi ki `kargad~ da `cudad~ yofna sapirispirod aisaxeba sulieri
sisavsis, zneobriobis da esTetikuri gancdis TvalsazrisiT, is, vinc `kargad~ aris,
ar mieswrafvis sakuTari warmosaxviT sxvis warmosaxvaSi, Soreul samyaroSi
mogzaurobas, ar eswrafvis tkivils, fiqrs da Ziebas, ar svams kiTxvebs, ar eZebs
pasuxs. aq aris, albaT, xelovnebis da literaturis ybadaRebuli eliturobis
gasaRebi da sikeTec, Tu sikeTe SeiZleba ewodos imas, rom zogierTi adamiani kargavs
striqonis Sesisxlxorcebis survils da unars. `ruqa~ arasodes ar da ver miiRebs
`yurTbaliSs~, radgan es aris ambavi `cudad~ myof Semoqmedze, romelic sulierad
aris `kargad~.
`yurTbaliSisa~ da sxva moTxrobebis (`xma miwidan~, `Sveba~) kiTxvisas Cndeba
gancda, rom yofa, siRatake aqcentirebuli, zedmetad xazgasmuli, TiTqmis
naturalisturadac kia mowodebuli. TiTqos lukma-purisTvis yoveldRiurma
brZolam gadafara sxva yvelaferi, magram mxolod erTi SexedviT, arsebobisTvis,
sicocxlisTvis brZola marTlac gamxdara Semoqmedis xvedri. es realobaa, realoba,
romelic teqstSic SeiWra. erT-erT interviuSi (`wignebi~, 29 aprili, 2005) irakli

55
samsonaZe wers: `saxelmwifo Tu xar, unda SeimuSavo kidec garkveuli politika, rom
Sens Tanamedrove prozaikoss, poets da dramaturgs saarsebo wyaro hqondes.
saarsebo wyaros gareSe ar arsebobs profesionalizmi, profesionalizmis gareSe ki
done ar gveqneba. amitom unda daexmaros mwerals, puris fuli mainc iSovos Tavisi
SemoqmedebiT, fufunebaze ar aris laparaki~. ar daexmareba, ara! imitom, rom TviTon
`kargad~ aris, imitom, rom arc profesionalizmi sWirdeba jerjerobiT da arc
mwerali. Tu gambedaoba eyofa, pasuxad imasac ityvis, Tu vinmes wera unda, weros da
Tavi ki riTac unda imiT irCinos, sxvisi survilebi me ratom unda davakmayofiloo
(`ruqa~-wamkiTxveli dasZenda: ver flob `piars~, ver flob urTierTobis xelovnebas,
ver imkvidreb sakuTar Tavs da, saerTod, ra sainteresoa warumatebeli da Raribi
gind Semoqmedi, gind ise adamiani). realobaSi `marifaTi~ gaxda saTave saeWvo `kargad~
yofnisa. Semoqmedi ki aris `cudad~ da swored am Semoqmedzea araCveulebrivi,
mtkivneuli `yurTbaliSi~, mitovebul, `gadagdebul~, TiTqos uwonadobaSi
afarfatebul, yofiT dalaxvrul mweralze, TiTqos siRaribiT da gamofitviT,
sicarieliT gulSekumSulze, magram mxolod erTi SexedviT.
sinadvileSi Semzaravi yofa mxolod impulsia imisTvis, rom gamoisaxos adamiani,
Tanac Semoqmedi, `cudad~ myofi, Tumc maradisobis nawili, konkretuli epoqis
SigniT. moTxrobis gmiri _ mwerali ase warmovidgine: SiSveli, yvelafrisgan
ganZarcvuli adamianis hologramuli gamosaxuleba, romlis sxeulzec uamravi
manaTobeli xazia gamosaxuli. isini grZedebiviT da ganedebiviT kveTen erTmaneTs,
qselaven mTel sxeuls, rogorc globuss. TiToeul am xazs Tavisi saxeli da melodia,
Sinaarsi da tkivili aqvs, zedaa warwerili: Semoqmedeba, ojaxi, megobroba, omi,
yoveldRiuri wvaleba, fiqri, deda, Svili, dabadeba, sikvdili, uimedoba, SiSi, Taoba,
`me~... es manaTobeli xazebi trialeben sxeulze, Tavbrudamxvevi siswrafiT brunaven,
ewvnian erTmankTs da ikvTeba erTi adamiani _ savse suli savse samyaroSi.
mwerali aris Tavisi Taobis erTi natexi, amasTan mTeli Taobacaa. wveTSi
irekleba zRva. is grZnobs yvelafers. ufro mZafrad, vidre Cveulebrivi adamiani.
mkveTri sityvis gancda: `drois surTqva. drois xasiaTi, sityvidan nagrZnobi drois
suliskveTeba~. Tumca drois suliskveTeba Cans gasayidad ganwirul TirkmelSic,
mudmivad raRacis maZiebeli megobris wvaleba-facifucSic, ukve Cavlil omSic _
damarcxebulTa omSic, ojaxSic, sadac col-qmris Rame gadis `arafris molodinSi~ an
mxolod sakuTari sxeulis SegrZnebis dabrunebis sasowarkveTil mcdelobaSi. Svili
da ojaxi _ `siRatakiT galaxuli~: `imazec vfiqrob, rom siRatakiT gavilaxeT.
samiveni. ho, samiveni, siRatakiT galaxulebi. qeTinom biWs. me qeTinos. biWma me. yvelas
Segvexo erTmaneTis xeli. ojaxi. mikrosamyaro. qaosi mikrosamyaroSi. miwisZvra.
Rvarcofi. Savi Wiri. siRatakis yoveldRiuroba, romelic aseTi Seubralebeli
mizandasaxulobiT agrovebs adamianebSi uimedobas~.
uimedoba abnelebs momavals, saTuos xdis am yofaSi yofnas da bunebrivad kidev
erTxel axmianebs saSinel kiTxvas: yofna, aryofna... awmyos simZimes enacvleba
warsulis siTbo. mwerali ixsenebs oCamCires. mamidis saxls. oCamCiris kinos.
siwmindis simbolos — madonas. es ukve aRar aris yofiT mogvrili tkivilebi. es droSi
da droisgan Semusvril nangrevebSi moqceuli adamianis gancdaa, romlisTvisac omi
wagebiT, mSveniereba ki sigiJiT dasrulda. yofa nel-nela gverdze iCoCebs ise, rom
TiTqos verc mwerali da verc misi personaJi-mwerali ver xvdebian amas.
dRevandeloba Tavisi sisastikiT erT Sededebul adgiladRa warmosdga drois
sisxlian nakadSi. vin arian am dinebaSi afarTxalebuli adamianebi? yofilebi.
yofilebi da sanagveze gadayrilebi. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom erT-erTi yvelaze
dramatuli epizodi swored nagavsayrels ukavSirdeba. mweralma mTel Taobas,
sazogadoebis nawils mouZebna saxeli _ yofilebi, isini, vinc aRaravis sWirdeba da
aRarafers floben, hqondaT da dakarges, gaiwirnen. moTxroba 2002 wlis agvistoTi
TariRdeba da jer kidev didi droa im avadsaxsenebel `Carecxilebamde~, romelmac
guli moukla bevr adamians. mweralma, Semoqmedma ki bevrad adre igrZno, rogorc
fxizelma analitikosma movlenaTa mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiridan amoitaca es cneba
_ yofili, rogorc Semzaravi obieqturobis damRa, garduvalobis mZime jvari.
arsebobs Taoba `dakarguli~, Taoba `gabrazebuli~, rogorc Cans, arsebobs ukve
`gadagdebuli~ Taobac, Tumca rogori RirsebiT atarebs am tvirTs moTxrobis gmiri,
romelic `cudad~, am epoqis TvalsazrisiT `cudad~, da `cudi~ aris. faseulobebis
aRreva iwvevs tkivils. gmiri-mwerali nel-nela scildeba miwas, amwuTiers. `siyalbe,

56
siyalbe, siyalbe mRlis~. _ ambobs igi. Rlis SiSic. SiSis gziT da SiSis miRma TandaTan
uaxlovdeba ufals. `TviTdamkvidrebis instinqti. TviTgadarCenis instinqti.
yvelgan SiSi igrZnoba, yvela gamoxedvis miRma SiSi iWyiteba. yvela omaxiani sityvis
miRma SiSi xmaurobs. SiSiT gaborotebulni, SiSiT Tvaldabindulni, SiSiT SiSis
mTesavni, icoda. icoda, sadac iyo yvela codvis saTave da amitomac uTxra adamians: _
Sexede cis frinvelebs. Sexede velis SroSans, nu SfoTav, nu SfoTav, nu geSinia!
kerpadqceuli instinqtebi. an, kerpis samxsverploze motanili Seni yvelaze didi
saCuqari, riTic iman dagasaCuqra — Seni gulis feqTva. Seni fiqri. mxolod Seni,
radgan marto xar movlenili. Tunda codva Tqvi. Tunda Secdoma. magram mtkivneulad
gancdili Sens mier, is tkivilic xom Sen xar. Sen erTi kaci. erTi adamiani, vinc bolos
da bolos marto unda warsdge mis winaSe~.
am moTxrobis gansakuTrebuli xibli misi ganviTarebis dinamikaSia. is TiTqos
nel-nela iSleba, farTovdeba, sivrces moicavs. TandaTanobiT adamianis sxeulze
gavlebuli mbrwyinavi Tematuri meridianebiTurT mihyveba Txrobis yoveli
mimarTulebiT gafarToebul nakads da miwieridan sulierisken miiwevs. `siRatakiT
galaxulebi~, `yofilebi~, `gadayrilebi~ _ es adamianebi da maTi dakumSuli saxe-xati,
erTeuli simbolo _ gmiri-mwerali marTlac daimsaxurebda am epiTetebs, Tumc
sadRac obieqturs, magram mainc Rirsebis SemlaxavT, rom ara is axali dinebebi,
romelic Semodis TxrobaSi: adamianis dabadeba, sikvdili. adamianis dedamiwaze
mosvla gadmocemulia araCveulebriv monakveTSi, romlis siRrme da lirizmi did
STabeWdilebas axdens. am epizodSi mwerali erTdroulad exeba _ faqizad, rbilad,
Tbili da mtkivani suliT _ zeciurs da miwiers, dabadebis saidumlos,
maradiulobas, romelic adamianis sicocxleSi xmiandeba TaobaTa safexurebiT, maTi
Sinagani kavSiriT. aseve mniSvnelovania micvalebulis datirebis epizodi. mwerali
gascda yofis farglebs. qalis tirilSi ismis adamianuri sevda, mudmivi tkivili,
sicocxlis da sikvdilis simwarec da Svebac. da sadRa aris aq `yofili~,
`gadagdebuli~ adamiani _ moTxrobaSi mTeli sisavsiT warmosdga CarCoebidan
Tavisufali, zogadad adamiani _ `mudam myofi~, `mkvidri~ da maradiuli, iobis
gulwrfelobiT warmdgari RvTis winaSe.
`yurTbaliSis~ teqsti, ase vTqvaT, `autaneli simsubuqiT~ gamoirCeva. umZimesi
ambavi, daundobeli mxileba, tkiviliani analizi gadmocemulia daxvewili, moqnili
frazebiT, zogjer erTsityviani winadadebebiT. mwerali TiTqmis impresionistuli
xerxebiT cdilobs STabeWdilebis da fiqris gacocxlebas da mkiTxvels
Tanaziarobisken ubiZgebs. Zalian rTuli da mravalferovania saxeobrivi sistema.
magram gansakuTrebiT unda gamovyoT ori simboluri xati: naxevrad gaxrwnili
uzarmazwari cxovelis leSze Semomjdari Citi da yurTbaliSi. pirveli saxe
sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba gaviazroT: droisgan SeWmuli da dangreuli samyaro;
ganadgurebuli sicocxle da a. S. ai, yurTbaliSi, yurTbaliSi ki mTel nawarmoebs
gasdevs, rogorc Semkvreli da SemaerTebeli yvela melodiis, rogorc bolo da
umTavresi akordi, rogorc bolo navsayudeli, romliskenac miiswrafvis misi
mravalsaxeobis da mravalgancdis gamomxatveli mocimcime meridianebiT
sxeulgadaqselili sulmtkivani adamiani. is didia, is maradiulia, is moazrovnea,
zedrouli da zesivrculi mikrokosmosi, magram amavdros aqac rom aris, am
konkretul wertilSi? miwa Tavisi brWyalebiT CasWidebia da gausaZlis tkivils
ayenebs, `kargad~-myofTa uzneoba da susxi stanjavs da arc banaluri WeSmariteba,
adamiani rom tanjvisTvis aris gaCenili, aRmoCnda didi saSveli. gausaZlisi tkivili,
danakargis simware sul ufro mZafrad aRZravs kiTxvas: yofna Tu... tomaraSi,
romelic nawarmoebSi gulis gamoxatulebaa, mTeli samyaros da sakuTari tanjva
erTadaa Tavmoyrili, yvelaferi Caetia. rogor gauZlos adamianma amdens? ra gziT
mivides erTaderT xsnamde — qristemde? moTxrobis finalSi mTeli sisavsiT
warmosdgeba adamiani _ Tavisi yurTbaliSiT, Tavisi kuTvnili siyvaruliT da
siTboTi, RmerTTan misuli, sul axlos misuli, TiTqmis SesaerTeblad, Tumc mainc am
gzaze myofi. `iq, qriste RmerTi iyo, vaxo! bebiaCemis naferebi xatidan rom maxsovs, im
saxis kaci ijda qvafenilze da gubes CasCereboda. mowyenili, vaxo, mowyenili ijda, da
vigrZeni, ratomRac vigrZeni, rom misi gulis apki Txelia. mowyenili. mowyenili.
gubes miCerebuli. Sen ki sad gaqri, rogor gauCinardi ase uecrad. Senc Cems tomaraSi
xar? iqneb. vin icis, damZimda Zalian. lodad damawva mxrebze da Zvlian muSts mTeli
ZaliT miWers kefaze. o, mZimea, magram erTi Sveba mec momeca axla, Zmao! rodesac

57
sulisSeTuxvamde daviRlebi, Seviparebi Cemi biWis oTaxSi. dedaCemis marilebiT
dakrunCuli xelebiT Sekeril yurTbaliSs cxvirTan avikrav. davynosav. davynosav,
Sevisrutav, sunTqvas gavisxni. mere wamovwvebi, yurTbaliSs TavqveS amovideb, erT
xels qveS Sevucureb, meores zemodan Semovadeb. loyasac avusvam, raTa Cemi biWis
SegrZneba aviyolo, da momeCvena, rom oTaxSi dedaCemis mier gauTavebuli namiani
TeTreulis Tbili, myudro suni datrialda. CaZinebamde erTxelac Sevisrutav Cemi
biWis Tavnadeb yurTbaliSs, Soreuli mogoneba gamixsnis bages, mere ki ar vici, mere
araferi ar vici, mere vnaxoT, Zmao~.
adamianma yvelaferi Tqva adamianze, adamianurobaze, Zalian dafarulze,
saTuTze da amave dros yovlismomcvelze. maRalfardovnad Tu vityviT, siyvaruli
gadaarCens adamians _ dedis, Svilis da maTi gziT, uflis. magram am moTxrobas
odnavi zeaweuli tonic ki aamRvrevs, SeZravs. finali sufTa grZnobaa, mxolod
grZnoba sityvaSi gamoxatuli _ adamiani yurTbaliSze da mere, marTlac, `mere
vnaxoT, Zmao~.

58
 zoia cxadaia

`mogzauroba sakuTari sulis garSemo~

roca zviad ratiani misTvis kargad cnobil amerikel poet robert louelis
Sesaxeb wers (romlis mTargmnelic TviTon aris), upirvelesad mianiSnebs misi
SemoqmedebiTi naturisTvis yvelaze metad damaxasiaTebel Tvisebaze _ wesierebaze...
rom louelisaTvis ucxo iyo mravali poetisTvis Cveuli mesianisturi iluziebi, rom
igi yovelTvis Tavs aridebda maRalfardovan saubars STagonebaze da im msxverplze,
romelsac Semoqmedeba moiTxovs... igi leqsis weras ganmartavda, rogorc `ucnaur
Cveulebas~ da a. S. zviad ratianisTvisac aseTi Cans SemoqmedebiTi procesi. amgvaria
pirveli da gamokveTili STabeWdileba, romelsac misi lirika tovebs. misTvis
SemoqmedebiTi procesi TiTqos ar iTxovs raRac gansakuTrebul dro-sivrces, miT
umetes _ gansakuTrebul idealebs. igi yofierebis kvaldakval aCveulebrivebs
poetur saTqmels. uwyveti monologebi da dialogebi, sakuTar TavTan, ise miemarTeba
teqstidan teqstSi, rogorc yoveldRiuri yofa (sakuTari teqstebiT): `gulidan
TiTqmis uneblieT gadmocvenili sityvebiTa da im yvelafriT, rasac malaven an ver
malaven es sityvebi~ (`gzebi~).
rac Seexeba zemoxsenebul msxverplis gaRebas anu msxverplSewirvas poetis
mxridan, romelic dRes aramoduria (uwesobac?..) da ironiis saganic xdeba, Tavisi
istoria aqvs, Tavisi adgilic — warsulSiac da dResac. msxverplSewirvas poeziisgan
iTxovda dro, epoqa, Cvens sinamdvileSi — gansakuTrebiT winasaukuneebis qarTuli
istoriuli sivrce. iliasa da mTeli misi Taobis poezia msxverplSewirva iyo. maT
(gansakuTrebiT iliam, rogorc poetma) mamulis problemebs anacvales piraduli,
maradiuli adamianuri cnobiswadili. Tavisi xalxis Sesaxeb ilia `aCrdilSi~ wers:
`ori ram iyo, risTvisac Ze Seni iRvwoda, bedma uwyalom sxva saqmisTvis ar moacala, _
mamulisa da rjulisaTvis igi ibrZoda, oriv daicva, magram yvela mas anacvala~. am
naTqvamSi zogadad isinic moiazrebian, romlebic saqmiani sityviT emsaxurebodnen
qveyanas. `sxva yvelaferi~ iyo swored subieqturi, saTaviso. qarTvlis beds
ayolilebi mamulisaTvis msxverplSewirvis ritualad aRiqvamdnen TavianT
Semoqmedebas da moRvaweobas sazogadoebriv asparezze. Tundac dResac,
msxverplSewirvis risk-faqtoria poetis mier maZieblis rTuli gzis arCeva
novaciisaTvis, ar-gameorebisaTvis, gan-sxvavebisaTvis. sad aris garantia, rom es
fiaskoTi ar damTavrdeba, ar darCeba nacris qeqvad, oden TamaSad (pirdapiri gagebiT
da ara figuralurad, romelSic TamaSad poezias moviazrebT). am TvalsazrisiT zviad
ratiani fons gasulia, misi arCevani gamarTlebulia.
90-iani wlebi, roca zviad ratianis leqsebi ibeWdeba, ukve dasawyisia
postsabWouri epoqisa, romelmac moitana damoukidebeloba, Tavisufleba _
samwuxaro qartexilebiT da paradoqsebiT... da mainc — rac ar unda mtkivneulad
miviRoT Cveni qveynis istoriis es monakveTi, faqtia, rom sityva gaxda Tavis-ufali,
SemoqmedisTvis sityva TviTgamoxatvis im saSualebad iqca, romelsac SeniRbva,
alegoria, tabuireba aRar sWirdeba. aman erTbaSad gamoacala poeziis speqtrs
amaRlebulobis, mSvenierebis xibli da efeqti. Semoqmeds SeuzRudavad mieca sakuTar
arsSi CaRrmavebis saSualeba (rac jer kidev 50-iani wlebis II naxevridan iRebs saTaves
qarTul literaturaSi). e. w. poststalinuri liberalizaciis Semdgom sakuTar
TavTan cenzoris gareSe darCenili (garegani da ara Sinagani cenzoris) adamianis
emociebi da problemebi aranakleb mtkivneuli gamodga. `garda imisa, rom
postsabWoTa periodis sazogadoebriv-politikurma realiebma axali
winaaRmdegobrivi foni Seqmnes~ (b. wifuria), Tavisufal Semoqmeds, sityviT TamaSis
xelovans, ufro intensiurad daeufla egzistenciuri SiSi. maRali idealebisagan
mocaleobam (rogorc, Tundac, nebismieri adamiani) igi arnaxulad SeZra da aaforiaqa.
90-ianeli lirikosebisaTvis versifikaciuli TvalsazrisiT qarTuli leqsisTvis
axali gzis monaxva TiTqmis SeuZlebeli iyo; Tavisufalma leqsma, romelic am Taobam
ZiriTad gamomsaxvelobiT iaraRad gaixada, ukve myari tradicia Seqmna manamde, magram
axlebma xedvis, gamoTqmis alternatiuli gzebi airCies. gzebSi vgulisxmobT imas,
rom am TaobaSic sxvadasxva mimarTuleba gamoikveTa. maTTvis saerToa Tanamedrove
evropuli poeziisken mimarTeba, Tanamedrove evropeizmi (zogadad evropeizmi ucxo
ar yofila qarTuli poeziisaTvis). sabWouri kulturis sivrceSi 70-wlianma

59
daxSulobam qarTuli poezia izolaciaSi moaqcia. postmodernizmi, romelic Tavis
droze xelovnurad dabrkolebul modernizms Caenacvla, Cvens sinamdvileSi
mniSvnelovan saxes swored 90-iani wlebidan iRebs.
poezia (poeti) imiT aris saintereso, rom gamonaxavs axal saSualebas
TviTgamoxatvisaTvis, Tavisi individualuri arsebobis gamarTlebisaTvis. zviad
ratianma es SeZlo. igi Tavisi Taobis da, saerTod, Tanamedrove qarTuli poeziis
erTi saintereso da originaluri saxea, romelsac udavod gaaCnia Tavisi saTqmeli,
sakuTari xelwera da poeturi monasmi. SoTa iaTaSvili, roca qarTul poeziaSi
dasavluri gavlenebis istoriaze saubrobs, maT Soris, zviad ratianze, aRniSnavs:
`mis leqsebSi gadamuSavebulia masala, aRebuli sul sxva poetebis teqstebidan. aq
aluziebze araa laparaki: aluziebi da reminiscenciebi ratianTan TiTqmis ar
gvxvdeba, is `citirebs~, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, leqswerisa da pirad
gamocdilebasTan damokidebulebis sxvadasxva tipebs. amasTan ratiani sruliad ar
gamoiyureba meoradad. misi poetikis aRwera sakmaod rTulia: SeuZlebelia im
avtorebis zustad dasaxeleba, romlebic gansazRvraven mis ZiriTad tendenciebs.
Tumca cxadia, rom igi `dasavlelia~ _ rogorc Sinaarsobrivi, aseve formaluri
TvalsazrisiT. ise ki, albaT mainc SeiZleba ori avtoris gamoyofa, romlebTanac
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT axloa ratiani. eseni arian robert loueli da iosif
brodski~. gamomdinare aqedan, zviad ratianTan im SeTmxTvevas unda hqondes adgili,
romelzedac aRniSnavs r. barti: `ineterteqsti anonimuri formulirebis zogadi
velia, romlis warmomavlobis dadgena iSviaT SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli~ (`kavkasiis
macne~, 2005, 10, gv. 240). maikl rifaterisTvis `mkiTxvelis mier teqstebis
urTierTzegavlenis aRmoCena SeiZleba iyos mxolod SemTxveviTi asociacia,
eruditis marjve aRmoCena~ (sjani, 2004, V, gv. 52); SemTxveviTi asociaciebi,
sagrZnoblad ara, magram mainc gvxvdeba zviad ratianis lirikul teqstebSi. Tumca,
sagulisxmoa isic, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi bevri ram aris damokidebuli `mkiTxvelis
simarjveze~, aRmomCenis SesaZleblobebze.
roca vmsjelobT nebismieri poetis teqstebSi sxva teqstebidan `miRebul
masalaze~, bunebrivia, unda kargad vicnobdeT im sxvas, magram, rac saxezea
zemodasaxelebuli poetebis teqstebidan, is avlens zviad ratianis lirikis
siaxloves maTTan mxolod zogad-poeturi efeqtebiT, saTqmelis detalizaciiT;
roca vmsjelobT, rom igi, amisda miuxedavad, individualuria, amis safuZvels
gvaZlevs mTeli misi poezia: pirovnuli xasiaTis simkveTriT, sakuTari sivrcis
daunjebiT, gnebavT, sakuTari poziTac, pirdapiri gagebiT (dabneulobis,
gzaareulobis, gawbilebis, sasowarkveTis, gaognebis, ganmartoebis, qancgawyvetis...
dros); nacnobi geografiuli sivrciT, romelic sulac ar aris sakraluri samSoblos
sivrce, magram nacnobi konkretuli punqtebia (foTi, quTaisi, baTumi, raWa...), sa-
mSobloa, sadac `fanjris miRma... jer uvarskvlavo caa, mere Tbilisi, sadac imdeni
poeti da avadmyofia, kargi iqneba Camofrindnen moelvare angelozebi da maTi
frTidan amoclili Tundac erTi oqros bumbuli sul advilad gankurnavda yvela
leqss da yvela tkivils~ (`SromaRame. ganmartebiTi elegia~). samSoblo, rogorc
aseTi, ar aris misi poeziis Tema da, saerTodac, es teqstebi ar (ver) lagdeba
Tematuri principiT. radgan sityvam moitana, kidev erTi teqsti, sadac amjerad
samSoblo `ZvelisZveli sizmaria da vinc igi pirvelad naxa, mokvda ki ara, ise wmindad
Cainacra, rom niavma verc ki igrZno, ise waiRo~... samSoblo warsulSi _ uwmindesi,
sakraluri ideali; `dRes es sizmari abreSumis WiasaviT uvnebelia, mas uCveneben
yvela mozards, did ekranebze, garkveul asakSi, da zogjer kidec aRweven mizans.
zogierTebSi aRviveben metnaklebad jansaR interess , Tu vin warmoTqvams daskvniT
sityvas Cvenebis Semdeg~ (`sizmari _ samSoblo~), _ TiTqos ironiuli SeferilobiTaa
naTqvami, magram albaT ufro imisTvis, rom aratradiciuli mxatvruli xedviT
warmosaxos `sizmari _ samSoblo~. saTauris semantika amis niSans iZleva. saerTodac,
igi leqsebis saTaurebSi arc ise martiv, magram sagulisxmo miniSnebebs gvTavazobs. is
saidumlo gasaRebia, amosacnobi, gasaazrebeli, romlis daSlil, calkeul mxatvrul
detals warmoadgens mTeli teqsti (`cxovreba qvebSi~, `mcire elegia mamisaTvis~,
`SromaRame. ganmartebiTi elegia~, `adamiani fanjarasTan, gareT Semodgoma~, `mTvare
xvalisaTvis~, `werili saidumlo dedas~, `jibis haeri~, `megobari fanjara~, `zamTris
anketa~, `zurgxedi~ da sxv.). misTvis, pirvelive leqsebidan bolomde,
damaxasiaTebelia subieqtivizmi, magram _ ara ukiduresi. igi zomieria am mxriv.

60
miuxedavad misi poeturi samyaros areuli, qaoturi, damabneveli saxeebisa, anti-
kopmoziciurobisa, xSirad _ stiqiuri siuJetebisa, mkiTxvelisaTvis arc ise
iSviaTad iZleva identifikaciis mizezs da saSualebas, emociebis, grZnobaTa
naTesauri kavSirisaTvis. da mainc, rTulia Tanmimdevrulad, garkveuli
mimarTulebiT, miT umetes, Tematurad gaawyo masze msjeloba. mTeli misi lirika
erTi vrceli, wriuli sivrcea, romelSic fragmentebad, detalebad, Strixebad,
nakuwebad aris ganfenili yvela da yvelaferi _ realuri da irealuri, sagnobrivi da
warmosaxuli, idealuri da yavlgasuli, namyo da amJamindeli... gzebi da dReebi _
avtobiografiuli `leqs-dRiurebi~, xSirad naturalisturi formebiT, gaTenebebs
Soris areuli da Cakarguli dReebiT, absurdis gancdiT da, amavdroulad,
cxovrebiseuli sazrunaviT, pragmatuli kiTxvis niSnebiT.
`mogzauroba sakuTari sulis garSemo~ (da ara sulis mogzauroba _
spiritualur planSi), _ es zviad ratianis vrcel, usaTauro teqstSi sagangebod
xazgasmuli striqonia. am mogzaurobaSi ixateba amorfuli garegani da sulieri
portreti subieqtisa, romelic TiTqos SemTxveviT moxvedrila am gaugebar sivrceSi
da rogorc `ufarjro dilegSi~ (kafka) gamomwyvdeuli, awydeba aqeT-iqiT kedels,
romelsac cxovreba axvedrebs adamians, saiTac gaixedavs. am sirTulis SegrZnobiT da
gacnobierebiT iwyeba misi gza. pirvelsave striqonebSi igrZnoba `sevdiT Cawixluli~
subieqti, `gayinuli xelisgulebiT~, romelic siTbos da TavSesafars iTxovs:
`gamomigone~. Ramis Crdilidan gamoTale Seni ocneba da damamsgavse... gamomigone
Seyvarebuli yviTel foTolze, meocnebe Soreul zRvaze da yvavilebiT siCumezec
vnebaaSlili... mkiTxe, Tu rogor Semovacvdi nawvimar quCas, rogor Camqoles,
Sematoves daRupvas rogor, rogor mivedi uzarmazar foladis karTan, Signidan
rogor Semityues, Caketes kari, rogor vtirodi usasrulo, nacrisfer zamTars da
rogor gaCnda Cems sxeulSi pirveli bzari... gamomigone... damamsgavse Sens erT-erT
sizmars~...
`gamomigone~ _ ase hqvia zviad ratianis pirvel wignsac, romelmac gamoavlina
TviTmyofadi saxe, poeti _ `sevdiani simarTliT~, romelmac ukve icoda, `rom
cxovreba aris mkacri da Seubralebeli, swored iseTi, rogoradac mas gvixatavdnen
da ar gvjeroda~... Tu davukvirdebiT, igi aq moulodnels, uCveulos ambobs (cxovreba
rom mkacri da Seubralebelia, amas adamiani mere da mere ufro igebs, bavSvoba
vardisferi da xSirad cru warmosaxvebisa da dapirebebis xanaa (baraTaSvili,
galaktioni, lado asaTiani...). bavSvobisa da siWabukis, ocnebisa da realuris veqtori
aq Setrialebulia, inversiulia, rac zviad ratianisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Semdeg da
Semdegac... mis pirvel wigns pirveli da sando sityva warumZRvara besik xaranaulma. es
ar iyo mxolod gzis dalocva, es iyo Sefasebac: `zviad ratiani axalgazrda poetia da
iman, vinc poetebis ramdenime Taobas mainc Sehyria, iolad SeiZleba gamoarCios igi
mravalTa Soris. miuxedavad poeturi simwifisa, igi ar aris arc adre dakacebuli da
arc adre dabrZenebuli (es orive usargebloa poeziisaTvis) da, rogorc Cans,
miRweulic arasodes iqneba misTvis is zRvari, rom ukan iyuros~. zviad ratiani ukan
namdvilad ar iyureba, igi mudam wingamxedavia, wers imaze, raSic vlindeba pirovnebis
sulieri cxovrebis detalebi, imazedac, `rasac aravin daujerebs~, `ris gamoc
dascineben~: `nu daucdi STagonebas, Tamamad were yoveldRiur usamarTlo
damcirebaze da pirjvarayril Sens rwmenaze~ (ex voto). rwmenadakarguli da
pirjvarayrili igi mudmivad daZabulia. rTul lirikul monologebSi, alogikur
pasaJebs Soris mwared sagrZnobia es adamianuri daZabuloba. Tu Zalian
CavukvirdebiT, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom es nevrozuli daZabulobaa da poeziis
amgvarobas `nevrozuli lirikis~ terminic mivusadagoT, magram, vfiqrob, zviad
ratiani imiT aris gamorCeuli, rom misi daZabuloba, emociebi, tkivilebi, zogjer
gafantuli da areuli xedva saocrad marTalia, zeemociuria, magram janmrTeli
simarTlea. amgvari poeturi fragmentebi teqstis mTlian sxeulSi calke teqstis
saxiT ikiTxeba, sadac ukve yvelaferi Tavis adgilzea. teqsti teqstSi _ bundovani
da naTeli anu alogikuri da logikuri qmnian originaluri kompoziciis sinTezss.
yvela SemTxvevaSi misi sityva moqnilia, kargad mignebuli, kargad morgebuli
saTqmels. sityvisqmnadoba misi sayvareli xerxia. mTavari mainc is gancdaa, romelic
`Zlivs ki ar Jonavs Wrilobidan~, aramed `sisxliviT asxams~:

61
 rac axalia, yvelaferi lamazia, raRaciT lamazi.
axalia Seni Wrilobac...

simaxinje mere icis, Sexorcebisas,

vidre bolomde moSuSdeba, da moSreba,
da naoWebs gaisworebs.

... da bavSvobac ase iyo: Tavidan — lamazi,

magram vera da ver moSuSda, piri ver Seikra,
isev Jonavs, Tavs ar gvaviwyebs.

am SemTxvevaSi bavSvoba ukve ise moiazreba, rogorc yvelas mier _ `Tavidan

lamazi~, mere ki _ WrilobasaviT mouSuSebeli. cxovreba simaxinjed mere iqceva,
`roca gaivlis amdeni da amdeni weli~ da `is mouva, rac bavSvobas mouvida _
damaxinjdeba~... cremli, wvima, mTvare _ yavlgasuli, aramoduri saxeebi Tanamedrove
leqsisaTvis, Tavdapirveli xibliT da saWiro dros Semodian mis teqstebSi, vTqvaT,
maSin, roca dacarielebuli bavSvoba, warsuli unda gamoitiro, magram ise, rom arc
cremli axseno, arc tirili da mainc mkiTxvels tirilze ufro tirilis da cremlze
ufro cremlis STabeWdileba darCes.

carielia Seni bavSvoba, aRarvin dadis quCebSi.

awvims skolis cariel moedans,
gubeebs aSxefebs carieli velosipedi
da swrafad kargavs wonasworobas,
wvims.

carielia Seni bavSvoba, aRarvin dadis quCebSi-

iqaurebi mokvdnen da dasuqdnen,
mokvdnen da dasuqdnen,
wvims.
(Sexorcebamde)

leqsSi `Semoparuli~ sityva `wvims~ emociuri, metyveli saxea, romelic axal

sicocxles ibrunebs.
`mTvare xvalisaTvis~ (leqsis saTauri, z.c.) — es SeCerebuli wamia, roca `wylis
yuradReba miipyro mTvarem~ (`soflis gubeSi gaCrila mTvare~, g. leoniZe). realurad
adamianis, poetis yuradReba miiqcia mTvarem `da gaCnda raRac pirobiTad _
siyvaruli~... `da Zneli iyo moxelTeba im erTi wamis, raTa mogeswro Tvalis daxuWva
da Segenaxa mTvare xvalisaTvis (`Senaxuli STagonebiT~, i. abaSiZe), roca aRar iqnebi
gareT, roca aRar iqnebi mTvrali, roca ijdebi magidasTan~... magram am awyobil
kompozicias finalSi drosTan mimarTebaSi darRveuli sintaqsuri wyoba enacvleba.
esec zviad ratianis stilia, rasac araerTxel iyenebs warmatebulad, rom gamoarCio,
icno, igrZno, ganasxvao:

da davyurebdi SuaRamis mdinareze areklil mTvares,

romlis Sesaxeb xval ver dawer. xval ijdebi magidasTan
da didxans werdi leqss mTvareze,
romelic guSin ar ginaxavs.

is TiTqos ar aris silamazis mxatvari, magram SeuZlia Tqvas: `me ki ar vici,

rogor vicxovro, rogor vwero da rogor ganvicado es amsiyviTle Semodgoma~ da
mkiTxvelis warmosaxvaSi gacocxldes gadayviTlebuli samyaros sevdanarevi
mSveniereba, `amsiyviTle~ mSveniereba. Semodgomis es epiTeti da
`SemodgomamSvidobisa~ mis mier Seqmnilia, sityvis sisavsisaTvis, efeqtisaTvis. amas
garda, `SemodgomamSvidobisa~ cxovrebasac miemarTeba _ mudam cvalebads, mudam
mouxelTebels, mosvenebadakarguls:

SemodgomamSvidobisa, Cemo cxovrebav,

Cemo mudam cvalebado, Cemo mouxelTebelo,
Cemo TiTqmis araCemo arsebobav.

62
 isev sagangebo sintaqsuri Seusabamobaa droSi da Txrobis uCveulo logika
leqsis bolo strofebSi — gamomwvevi, alternatiul pasuxs rom badebs mkiTxvelSi,
rac SemiZleba ase warmovidginoT (avtori da mkiTxveli anu komentari):

avtoris teqsti: mkiTxveli:

`me SeiZleba saaTobiT vijde fanjanasTan _ (anu maSinac, roca iq ar aris)...

me SemiZlia Semodgomis dRe iyos gareT (maSinac, roca saerTod ar
aris Semodgoma)
me SemiZlia gareT Tbilodes~ (maSinac, roca
gareT ar Tbila da
SeiZleba Sen ar
gTbilodes)...
`me SemiZlia modiodes sami gogona,
guli ki grZnobdes: maTgan erT-erTi
Cemi Seyvarebulia, xolo meore

Cemi Seyvarebulia, mesame ki (anu, roca arcerTi ar aris

Seni Seyvarebuli).

Cemi Seyvarebulia. SemiZlia

ar SemeZlos sxvagvarad wera~.

aseve miseulia sintagma `Tavsgadamxdari Semodgomebi~ usaTauro leqsidan (`me

Sens xelebSi~):

da iRviZeben CemSi mogonebebi

didi xnis win Tavsgadamxdar Semodgomebis...

kidev erTi sayuradRebo saxismetyveleba: `ra uceb moxda gazafxuli~ (`es

gazafxuli ra uceb gaCnda~ _ m. lebaniZe).
mze _ anti-saxe anti-ganwyobisaTvis, romelic eufleba lirikis subieqts
(protestis Taviseburi gamoxatva):

sikvdils, romelsac Cemive fexiT me arasodes ar veaxlebi

Seswevs unari — aseTi ram SemomTavazos,
rom aq dayrili nagvis mimarT ukidegano vnebiT amavsos...
mze ki ar tovebs Tavis iaruss.
ratom hkidia mudam caze, rogorc naxati?!
CamoeTrios, am quCazec cota iaros
da mere rogorc inaTebda, masac vnaxavdi!
(`me Sens xelebSi~)

am vrcel teqstSi monacvleoben sworxazovani da iribi Strixebi

portretisaTvis, `romelic janmrTelia, Tumca aris odnav yviTelic, magram
siyviTle mis Rirsebebs fers vers daaklebs, ... is ise aris nagvemi da mxrebCamoyrili,
rogorc qalaqi ukanasknel Semosevidan~... nagvemi portreti, romelsac `mawanwala
ZaRlebis dasTan aerTianebs uxilavi, mkvrivi Zafebi~... riT hgvanan isini lirikul
subieqts~ _ imiT, `rom mTeli Rame, gaTenebamdis, xmis CaxleCamde, uazrod yefen?~
ZaRluri da, uazro yofis miuxedavad, igi ciskenac imzireba, uflisken (Tumca,
`pirjvarayrili rwmeniT~...).

me vin var, magram, xdeba xolme, mec gavCerdebi,

da cas avxedav, Cemi saxe rom ar gamorCes
ufals, romelic zis da Wedavs TavdajerebiT
kacobriobis axal naoWebs.

`cariel oTaxSi warmosaTqmeli sityva~ (leqsis saTauri) albaT imitom aris

cariel oTaxSi warmosaTqmeli, rom, erTi SexedviT, absurdulia, banaluria da sulis

63
verSemZvreli, magram es banaluroba igrZnoba sicxadiT. aqac _
urTierTsawinaaRmdego Strixebi da ganwyobebi: naTeli da muqi, simsubuqisaTvis da
simZimilisaTvis, ise, rogorc xdeba, rogorc yofila, rogorc iqneba, amitomac
gadadis banaluri sxva xarisxSi: `arsebobs Rame, romelic qurdisTvis da
SeyvarebulisaTvis mzeze ufro metad anaTebs. arsebobs kubo, TokiT mibmuli uremze
anda avtomobilis saxuravze mimagrebul sabargulze, romelic miaqvT
micvalebulTan, rom Caasvenon. arsebobs kidev horizonti _ mzis sasaflao. kidev
arsebobs dabadeba: kidev erTi adamiani miewveTa sicocxlis miwas~...
saukunis miwurulidan qarTul poeziaSi kvlav sagrZnobi gaxda tradiciuli
leqsisken Semobruneba, `upiratesad ironiul-parodiuli Seferilobis mqone
poeziaSi~ (l. bregaZe), gansakuTrebiT _ sonetebSi, romelic, aseve, saukunis
miwurulidan Semobrunda da sakmao novaciiTac. zviad ratianic mimarTavs
konvenciur leqss, gansakuTrebiT _ bolo wlebSi da gansakuTrebiT _ lirikul
ciklebSi: `werili saidumlo dedas~, `gzebi da dReebi~, `avto-sagzao elegia anu
rodis weren gardacvlilebi~... Teoriulad misi mizani aqac igivea: `civi poezia da
ara cxeli~.
_ vgulisxmob leqsebs — ar Seicavs Tumca ocnebas
an imas, rasac andazaSi gulisxmobs xavsi,
me mainc miyvars maTi wera. roca moZvreba
gulidan raRac, garegnulad — tkivilis msgavsi.

praqtikulad ki am ciklebSi misi lirika sasurvel temperaturasac inarCunebs,

riTmasac kargad iyenebs da silamazesac ar gaurbis, _ `vTqvaT _ gazafxuli, an
yviTeli foTlebis fantva~...
tradiciuli leqsisken Semobruneba kanonzomier movlenad unda miviCnioT (amis
mosalodnelobaze adreve mianiSnebdnen mkvlevarebi, kritikosebi _ g, benaSvili, T.
doiaSvili, a. xinTibiZe...). aq sagangebod gavixsenebT amerikeli kritikosis sityvebs:
`vidre iarsebebs kacobrioba da ena _ misi mematiane, poezia iqneba adamianis
umTavresi sulieri sazrdo. poezia aris xelovneba, romelic arsebobda damwerlobis
gaCenamde da is televizorsac moinelebs da videoTamaSebsac, mTavaria, darCes
iseTad, rogoric aris _ sxarti, uSualo, emociuri, dauviwyari, musikaluri~ (dena
joia, `arili~, 2005, № 2); misive TvalsazrisiT, dRevandeli popularuli amerikuli
poeziis (repi, slemi, kavbouri poezia...) niSandoblivi tendencia, misi orientacia
leqsis JReradobaze sul ufro metad damaxasiaTebeli xdeba e. w. amerikuli
`wignieri~ poeziisaTvis; Tumca gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebidan da Semdgom
amerikuli literaturis mkvlevarTa daskvnebSi riTma da metri moZvelebul
teqnikad miiCneoda. es e. w. elitaruli da evropuli fenomeni diskreditirebuli iyo
da demokratiul amerikul literaturaSi sruliad uadgilod moiazreboda.
arc imis Tqma gvinda, rom zviad ratiani tradiciul leqss daubrunda, magram,
SeiZleba iTqvas, Tanabrad flobs da iyenebs Tavisufali da tradiciuli leqsis
teqnikas.
`gzebi da dReebi~ warmoaCens mis pirovnul, sulier portrets. aq gansakuTrebiT
igrZnoba subieqturi ganwyobilebebi, subieqturi mizezebi, xSirad vakuumis msgavsi
konkretuli sivrce, Tavisi wvrilmani tkivilebiT, gauTavebeli `sxvaganyofnebiT~,
`Svilis an colis xmebi siCumidan~, `gaxSirebuli deJa viu. saerTod, xSiri da umizezo
mowyenebi~... (mainc _ ara is SemTxveva, razedac iTqva: `mzad viyav, umizezod mTeli
dRe metira~, t. tabiZe). mas Tavisi mowyenebis mizezebic sagrZnobi aqvs, samSoblos
gzebze gatarebuli uazro wlebis: `mogzauroba samSobloSi. weli _ mesame. mizezi —
saqme, samsaxuri. Sedegi _ fuli... qveynis sxvadasxva qalaqebSi gamoRviZeba~, ise, rom
`maTgan samSoblos ver akinZav~... roca mainc `sxvam Senze ukeT trasac iswavla da
samSobloc~... Sen ki isev rCebi _ `erTi SenTagani, sxva araferi... roca awewili
wlebisagan araferi grCeba bednierebis msgavsi, mxolod natvra, rom `axla mogca
megobari. nacnobi axla, / am Zvel taZarSi. roca TiTo sanTels daunTebT / oriod
wmindans da RvTismSobels, da roca gaxvalT, / dasxdeT da erTi gulianad
garaTqmaundeT~. isev sityvaTwarmoeba _ `garaTqmaundeT~ anu erTi SenTagani da
tkivilebSi Caketili ki ar darCe, gaixsna, amaRlde, ubralod, gaixaro, ra Tqma unda.
roca levan bregaZe postsabWouri periodis qarTuli literaturis siaxleebze
mianiSnebs, poeziis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs: `axalgazrda poetebi winamorbedebTan

64
SedarebiT xSirad mimarTaven wminda enobriv-gramatikul momentebze dafuZnebul
gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebs, anu mimarTaven gramatikis poetizacias _ uCveulo
sityvaTwarmoebas anu okazionizmebs, sintaqsuri normebis darRvevas meti
gamomsaxvelobis miRwevis mizniT da misT.~ (kritika, 2005, 1, gv. 43).
Txrobis Taviseburi stiliT gamoirCeva `sikvdilmisjilTa bluzi~ (balada, _
ase davarqmevdi), romelsac minaweri aqvs: `ganaCenis sisruleSi moyvanis Semdeg~. aq
bundovania, sad, rodis, ratom moxda yvelaferi. teqstSi naxsenebi pinoCenti,
hitleri, kino da sxv. migvaniSneben, rom es Suasaukuneebis faqti ki ara, XX saukunea,
pinoCentisa da hitlerisSemdgomi xana, msgavsi sisatikiT:

eqvsi Tofidan gvesroles _

mivweqiT eqvsi mkvdari
da ganaCeni sisrule _
Si moyvanili aris!
Tavi gvegona kinoSi
da vikvnitavdiT TiTebs,
Cven aras verCiT pinoCents
da, miT umetes, hitlers:

orweritili da mravalwertili qveteqstisaTvis _ Tuki axsna SesaZlebelia, es

migvaniSnebs, rom, rac moxda, arc pinoCents uqnia da arc hitlers, gulgrilma mamebma
gaiyvanes axali drois `sarCobelazed~ isini. yovel strofs aseTi mravalwertili
mosdevs; intonaciam ratomRac inglisuri xalxuri baladebis adrindeli qarTuli
Targmanebi gamaxsena (robin hudze da sxv.). eseni ar yofilan axali drois robin
hudebi. aRsarebaSi Cans yvelaferi: `Cven yvelam davimsaxureT / es ganaCeni, radgan /
davxarbdiT Zvirfas sayures / da gadavxedeT nagans. / mere gvipoves, dagvapatimres, /
deda gvitires, / ufro sworad, TviTon gvatires... / Tova daiwyo guSin da / Tova
daxvretas xels ar uSlida...~ teqstSi Semodis sikvdilis kiCuri simbolo _ `morgi~,
ironiiT, sulSi Cabrunebuli boRmiT:

Cven eqvsma lulam gagvwira

da vwevarT,
vwevarT...
vwevarT...
veRar gavaRebT macivars,
aRar agviwevs wneva.
aRar Segvciva, dagvcxeba,
da albaT aRarc mogvSiva,
aRarc maTraxebs dagvcxeben —
izolatoris morgSi varT.

dasawyisi da dasasruli Tovliani peizaJia — isev sintaqsuri normebis

darRveviT _ drosTan gramatikuli Seusabamoba meti gamomsaxvelobisaTvis:

Tova daiSyo guSin da

xval saRamomde Tova,
Cven ki dRes mokvdiT... (teqstis dasawyisi)
....................................
Tova daiwyo guSin da
xval saRamomde iTova,
zeg saRamomde iTova,
da asi weli iTova (dasasruli).

martivad rom vTqvaT, guliani baladaa, cxeli guliT dawerili, suls rom
amRvrevs... miT umetes, Tu aRadgen im codva-braliani ganaCenis istorias Cveni
uaxloesi warsulidan...
bevri ram SeiZleba iTqvas zviad ratianze, rogorc mTargmnelze, saintereso
werilebis avtorze, romlebSic aseve saukeTesod Cans misi unari da sulieri samyaro,
magram es ukve sxva Temaa.

65
 sabolood, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi, sagrZnobi novaciebiTa da ardaviwyebuli
Zvelis gaaxlebiT, uwyvetad agrZelebs qarTuli poeziis tradicias.

66
 ada nemsaZe

`Txa da gigos~ postmodernuli versia

frangi mwerali alen rob-griie ambobs: `mweralma unda weros is, rac sulSi
daugrovda, sakuTar sigiJeSic, rac SeiZleba, Sors unda Setopos~. am Tvalsazrisis
gaTvaliswinebiT, zurab qarumiZis `Txa da gigo~ friad saintereso wignia ara marto
avtoris, aramed im sazogadoebis sulSi Casaxedadac, romelsac igi ekuTvnis. wignis
ukana ydaze, TviT avtorisave portretze gadabeWdili frazac: `visi nabodvaria es
Sizoiduri pastorali?.. me magis matricas~ _ kidev erTxel adasturebs imas, rom
mwerals `sakuTar sigiJeSi~ namdvilad `Seutopavs~. pastoraluri idiliisa ra
mogaxsenoT, magram mas bevri problema rom daunaxavs am `SetopviT~, Tanac sakmaod
mwvave, es wignis kiTxvisas aSkara xdeba.
sakmaod rTulia Tanamedrove avtorTa da maT mier moTxrobil ambavTa (xSirad
isic Znelia, amas ambavi uwodo) Rrma wvdoma da imis gaazreba, risi Tqma surT maT amiT,
metadre maSin, roca Tavadve aRiareben `yoveli ambavi gamonagonia da gamonagoni ki
mxolod Tavis Tavs gulisxmobso~ (z. qarumiZe, `Rvinomuqi zRva~), Tumc Cven mainc
SevecdebiT.
dasawyisisaTvis SevexoT nawarmoebis Janris sakiTxs. `Txa da gigo~ am mxrivac
originalobas inarCunebs.

Txa da gigo
[didi sonata]
Txzuleba 9/11, WTC 20-01

ase gamoiyureba wignis satitulo furceli, romelsac tradiciuli saxe

namdvilad ara aqvs. dRevandeli interdisciplinaruli kvlevebisaTvis, albaT,
gasakviri ar aris literaturuli nawarmoebis Janris musikaluri terminiT
gansazRvra. radganac avtori mas `sonatas~ uwodebs, Tanac `dids~, es literaturis
Teoriis enaze, daaxloebiT, mcire zomis romans an vrcel moTxrobas unda udrides.
garda amisa, sonatasTan wigns sxva msgavsebac aqvs. sonata aris kamerul-sakravieri
musikis erT-erTi Janri, romelic, Cveulebriv, samnawiliani cikluri nawarmoebia da
Sedgeba Cqari ganapira nawilebisa da neli Sua nawilisagan. `Txa da gigo~ am
arqiteqtonikas zustad imeorebs: iwyeba eqspoziciiT (igi moicavs sam patara Tavs -
`gigo~, `Txa~ da `hiperSpili~), Semdeg modis yvelaze vrceli nawili damuSaveba (sadac
mwerali evripides `bakxi qalebis~ parodiul gadamRerebas gvTavazobs) da mTavrdeba
repriziT (rac warmodgenilia erTi mcire TaviT `amaRlebulisaTvis~). amasTanave,
sakmaod Znelia, am wignis Janrobriv erTgvarovnebaze isaubro, Tuki mis calkeul
Tavebs gaecnobi. sityva rom aRar gagvigrZeldes, modiT, TviT nawarmoebis ganxilvas
SevudgeT, Tumc, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, es arc ise advili saqmea.
daviwyoT siuJetiT. postmodernizmi uaryofs siuJetis arsebobas. imaves ambobs
zurab qarumiZec ramdenime wliT adre daweril novelaSi `BLOW-UP~: `siuJetma Tavisi
Tavi karga xania amowura. mas aRarc arqiteqtonikuri funqcia gaaCnia da aRarc sxva
ram realistur-mimeturi datvirTva. axlandeli avtorebi siuJets Tu mimarTaven _
isev da isev siuJeturobis parodirebis mizniT; mxatvrul qsovils ki xelovnebis sxva
dargebidan nasesxebi formebis meSveobiT amrTeleben~. imaves Tqma SeiZleba `Txa da
gigos~ Sesaxebac. misi siuJeti sxva araferia, Tu ara siuJetis, rogorc kompoziciis
erT-erTi elementis, parodia.
wignis pirveli Tavidanve erT-erTi mTavari personaJi gigo, romelic
metismetad gamijnureboda erT Tanasoflel gogos da romelic, avtorisave TqmiT,
bevri kiTxviT `erTi hispanieli aznauriviT iyo daSterebuli~, kvlav wignebSi
samogzaurod emzadeba friad mniSvnelovani ramisaTvis: `ra gaewyoba, waval, qveyanas
movivli, im alyaSemortymul qalaqSi Sin miviqcevi, RmerTis TviTmkvlelobis
ambavsac Sevityob da dakargul faseulobebsac vipovi~. Tu imas gaviTvaliswinebT,
rom postmodernuli maskultura dakargul faseulobebze didad ar naRvlobs, maSin
es an isev da isev parodiaa, an kidev imas niSnavs, rom niWier mweralTan yovelTvis
SeiZleba raRac faseulis povna, miuxedavad misi msoflmxedvelobisa da ama Tu im

67
literaturuli stilisadmi simpaTiisa. vfiqrobT, rom am SemTxvevaSi saqme swored am
ukanasknel movlenasTan gvaqvs.
rac Seexeba imas, Tu ramdenad ukavSirdeba es wigni postmodernizms, amis
dasturia TviT avtoriseuli SeniSvnebi, calkeuli niSnebi da teqstis enobrivi
analizi. gigo cxovrobs sofel globalSi, xolo am soflis marSal-mamasaxlisi aris
makluhanTa gvaris kaci. es igive marSali makluhaniao _ SeniSnavs mwerali _
postmodernuli maskulturis erT-erTi TvalsaCino Teoretikosi, romelsac
ekuTvnis gamoTqma: `msoflio _ globaluri sofelia~. aq yuradRebas iqcevs sityva _
`sofeli~, marTalia, globaluri, magram mainc sofeli, sawinaaRmdegod qalaqisa.
Tuki es ukanaskneli TavisTavad gulisxmobs urbanizacias, kulturul Tu yofiT
winsvlas, sofeli masTan SedarebiT aris ufro CamorCenilobis maCvenebeli,
siaxleebisadmi ucxo da Caketili sivrce. azrovnebis ganvrcoba am mxriv, anu
modernizmisa da postmodernizmis Sedareba, friad saintereso sqemas gvaZlevs:
modernizmi _ elitkultura _ qalaqi, postmodernizmi _ maskultura _ sofeli.
postmodernuli azrovneba, upirveles yovlisa, aris `drois suliskveTebis~
gamoxatva, xolo postmodernuli TvalTaxedva gamoirCeva globalurobiT.
savaraudod, es sofeli globali, romelSic gigo cxovrobs, igive msoflioa. aq
momxdari ambebi ki dRevandeli msoflios niSandoblivi maxasiaTeblebia.
wignSi postmodernizmTan kavSiris zedapiruli niSnebic gvxvdeba. gigo makluhan
mamasaxliss sTxovs, fineganis qelexis gadaxda minda da Tanxebis moZiebaSi
damexmareo. cnobilia, rom postmodernizmi ixab xasanisTvis swored joisis
`fineganis qelexiT~ iwyeba (1939 w.).
literaturis mkvlevarTa mier mravalzisaa aRniSnuli, rom evropuli
literaturuli mimdinareobebi (romantizmi, realizmi, simbolizmi) sxvadasxva
qveyanaSi gavrcelebisas garkveul nacionalur elements iZendnen. ase moxda Cvens
SemTxvevaSic. qarTul literaturaSi Semosvlisas maT ganicades erTgvari
`gaqarTuleba~, nacionaluri problemebisa da Temebis gaTaviseba. amitomac
saubroben qarTul romantizmsa, realizmsa Tu simbolizmze. postmodernizmis
SemTxvevaSic gamoiTqva aseTi azri. kerZod, rusi mkvlevari mark lipovecki saubrobs
rusul, amerikul, inglisur Tu frangul postmodernizmze. am mosazrebis
mowinaaRmdegeebi amboben, es stili imdenad kosmopolituri da globaluria, rom
gamokveTili nacionaluri Zirebis Zieba aq uSedegoao. `Txa da gigoSic~ moipoveba
garkveuli erovnuli niSnebi, Tumc mxolod formalurad. mwerali gveubneba, rom
globalelebis ZiriTadi kultura iyo vazi - `makintos Savi~, romelsac marcvlebis
magier xaris Tvalis odena Savi cifruli margalitebi esxa, rac hiperSpilis
saTamaSod gamoiyeneboda. vazi _ erovnuli identobis niSani _ cifruli
margalitebis marcvlebiT Zalian hgavs saukunis winandel `cisfer yanwebs~, anu im
princips, riTac qarTvelma simbolistebma evropuli stilis erovnul ZirebTan
Serwyma scades.
postmodernizmis sakvanZo cnebaa `postmodernuli mgrZnobeloba~. samyaro
mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirebsa da faseulobiT orientirebs moklebuli qaosia. es ki
Cvens cnobierebaSi ayalibebs garkveul mentalitets, samyaros gansakuTrebul
aRqmas. marTalia, postmodernuli azrovneba `drois suliskveTebis~ gamoxatvaa,
magram igi ufro msoflSegrZnebiT problemebs moicavs, vidre _
msoflmxedvelobiTs. logikurad gaformebuli, racionaluri Txrobis magier aq wina
planze iwevs reaqcia garemomcvel samyaroze, rac winaswarmoazrebuli da gonebiT
Seqmnili teqstis meSveobiT aris gamoxatuli. amis TvalsaCino magaliTia wignSi
Tundac is epizodi, roca Txa jer makluhan-mamasaxlisis muclidan amoxteba, xolo
Semdeg igive daemarTeba Jiuris yvela wevrs, Txebi maTi muclebidanac amoxtebian da
sirbils iwyeben yvelgan. adamianis gardasaxva cxovelad, Tanac iseT cxovelad,
romelic, antikuri tradiciiT, aucilebelia dionisuri kultis sawesCveulebo
ritualisaTvis, vfiqrob, Tanamedrove adamianis azrdakarguli cxovrebis ironiul
asaxvas unda warmoadgendes. igi pirdapir asocirdeba zogadadamianur an, Tuki ufro
viwro WrilSi ganvixilavT, uSualod qarTul sinamdvilesa da `qarTul~ niSnebTan.
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra aris postmodernizmis yvelaze saxasiaTo niSani,
arsebobs mosazrebaTa sakmaod farTo speqtri. magaliTad, alan uaildi Tvlis, rom
postmodernizmis yvelaze mTavari Tviseba aris `ironiis makoreqtirebeli~
specifikuri forma. `Txa da gigoSi~ mTlianad ironizebulia teqstis is nawili,

68
romelSic mwerali globalelTa umTavres gasarTobze _ hiperSpilze saubrobs.
hiperSpili (qarTulad hiper-TamaSi an universaluri TamaSi) aris globalelTa (anu
Tanamedrove samyaros) ZiriTadi gasarTobi. TamaSi, rogorc realobis gadalaxvis,
daZlevis, specifikuri forma, warmoadgens kreaciul, SemoqmedebiTi impulsebis
aRmZvrel sivrces. igi gulisxmobs normidan gasvlas, Tavisuflebas, refleqsiamdel
arsebobaSi CaZirvas, intuiciaSi Cabrunebas da, rogorc aseTi, emociurad
datvirTuli komunikaciis saxea. imavdroulad, TamaSis saxeliTve, misi meqanizmebis
gamoyenebis gziT tardeba Zalze saxifaTo, damangrevelic ki _ socialuri da
politikuri eqsperimentebi, ingreva Zveli da iqmneba axali ideologiuri miTebi.
hiperSpilis uzenaesi RvTaebaa hiper-dionise, romelic, avtorisave SeniSvniT,
`umal apolonuri Tvisebebis matarebeli gaxldaT, vinem dionisurisa~. udabnoTa
qalaqmyofelma da misma saZmom daaarses xuroTmoZRvruli stili `laSvegaS~,
romelic Semdgom mTel qveyanas moedo. aq arc Tu ise Zneli amosacnobia, rom mwerali
qarTuli qristianuli kulturis erT-erTi SesaniSnavi Zeglis `grigol xanZTelis
cxovrebis~ parodirebas, ufro metic, grotesks mimarTavs. cinikuri da ironiuli
damokidebuleba nebismieri avtoritetisadmi _ esec postmodernuli maskulturis
erT-erTi maxasiaTebelia. aseT SemTxvevebSi postmoderni emsgavseba xolme rogorc
antikuri, ise qristianuli kulturis namusrevze moTareSe cxovels, romelsac es
namusrevi imisaTvis sWirdeba, rom sakuTari arseboba gaigrZelos. aRsaniSnavia erTi
saintereso momentic: hiperSpils axasiaTebs erovnuli elementi: `mas hyavs
ceremonmaisteri ise, rogorc sufras _ Tamada, TamaSis principi ki `alaverdiseuli~
damuSavebiT ganivrcoba~. z. qarumiZis am sityvebSi Cans dRevandeli qarTuli sufris
dakninebuli saxe. esec, rogorc bevri ram Cvens realobaSi, TamaSad qceula da amiT
daukargavs is kulturul-socialuri funqcia da roli, rac saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi
hqonda mas saqarTveloSi (rac Seexeba TamaSs, dRevandel qarTul literaturaSi misi
araerTi magaliTi moiZebneba. kerZod, aka morCilaZis `santa esperansa~ _ esaa romani,
romelic banqos erTi Sekvris analogiurad 36 wignakisagan Sedgeba, xolo kunZul
santa esperansas mkvidrTa mTavar gasarTobs ki erTgvarad xelovnebis rangSi
ayvanili TamaSi inti warmoadgens.)
postmodernizmma uari Tqva sinamdvilesa da drois mizez-Sedegobriv,
veqtorul koncefciaze. mouwesrigebeli, daulagebeli dro konceptualur da
simbolur datvirTvas iZens `Txa da gigoSic~: `iq awmyo warsuli iyo, warsuli kide
awmyo, xolo ai, momavlisa kide an sul arafers ityoda, an Tu ityoda, isic warsul-
awmyos aRrev-daRrevis alagad~ (qarumiZe z.: 6).
`Txa da gigo~ sayuradRebo nawarmoebia imiTac, rom masSi zogadad adamianis
saxea parodirebuli. erT-erTi mTavari personaJi godo (god _ RmerTi), romelic
beketis piesis _ `godos molodinSi~ _ asociaciasac aRZravs, Txa-kacia, Txa-mamisa
da adamianis (qalis) Ze. Tu bondo WilaZis saxes gavixsenebT demna Sengelaias
`sanavardodan~ (sajavaxoSi mimdinare misteriebi, bayayTan dakavSirebuli scenebi da
a.S.), SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom principuli zRvari modernizmsa da postmodernizms
Soris ar arsebobs. z. qarumiZis Txisa da qalis kavSiri d. Sengelaias bondosa da
bayayis ambavs mogvagonebs.
postmodernizmis erT-erTi mTavari da ucilobeli komponenti interteqstia.
`yoveli teqsti interteqstia, masSi sxvadasxva doneze met-naklebad cnobadi saxiT
warmodgenilni arian sxva teqstebi: winamorbedi kulturis teqstebi da
garemomcveli kulturis teqstebi~ _ ambobs rolan barti. sxva teqstebis aqtiuri
`moxmareba~ eWvqveS ayenebs postmodernizmis sicocxlisunarianobas, anu badebs
kiTxvas, ramdenxans SeZlebs igi sxvaTa `namusreviT~ arsebobas. sabolood, amgvari
`nasesxoba~, TviT mwerals uqmnis SezRudvebs da igi iketeba Txrobis parodiul
modusSi.
yvela postmodernisti mwerali Tavad aris kidec, garkveulwilad,
Teoretikosi. Cven mier gaanalizebul nawarmoebsa da avtorTanac asea. zurab
qarumiZe romanSi `Rvinomuqi zRva~ ambobs: `neo-Tanamedrove avtorebi iqeqebian
klasikosTagan ukve gancdilsa da avangardistTagan ukve daferflilSi: sxvaTa
ferflTa da nacarSi gamohyavT TavianTi naweri, zednaweri, minaweri, gadanaweri Tu
gadmonaweri; mtvers ayeneben, ximankloben; ZvelTa gigantTa nadimebze daZvrebian da
maTs qonebas _ namusrevs _ isakuTreben.~

69
 `Txa da gigoSi~ mwerali evripides `bakxi qalebis~ parodirebul variants
gvTavazobs. `tragediis gadamRereba meored gadamRerebuli TxaTa mier `bakxi
qalebis~ xmaze~ _ aseTia saTauri nawarmoebis Sua nawilisa, romelic moculobiT
yvelaze didia. avtori Tavadve miuTiTebs, rom gamouyenebia evripideseuli teqsti
(z. kiknaZis Targmani) da misi `meored gadamRereba~ ucdia. parodireba moqmedi
pirebis dasaxelebidanve iwyeba, roca baxusis RmerT dionises warmoadgens Txakaci
godo:
evripide qarumiZe
dionise godo dionised gadacmuli
tiresia gigo misani, rogorc tiresia
makluhan mamasaxlisis kloni
kadmosi
penTevsi uitgenStain terminatori, makluhan
mamasaxlisis Semdeg mamasaxlisad arCeuli
agave merilin mocarti
gundi TxaTa qoro
tragedia TavisTavad aris TamaSi, xolo misi parodireba ukve niSnavs Tavad
postmodernis parodirebas, radgan TamaSi misi umTavresi elementia. es ki, Tavis
mxriv, am stilis dasasrulis dasawyisze migvaniSnebs (asaxeleben konkretul
TariRsac: 2001 wlis 11 seqtemberi). parodireba aq sami sxvadasxva kuTxiT
mimdinareobs: 1) TviT tragediis Janrisa, romelic mkiTxvelsa da mayurebelSi
kaTarziss iwvevda; 2) `Txa da gigosi~ _ mcire moculobis didaqtikuri xasiaTis
qarTuli sabavSvo moTxrobisa da 3) sonetis formisa.
arqiteqtonikiT teqstebi erTmaneTs sakmaod gvanan. z. qarumiZis teqsti zustad
imeorebs evripides tragediis formas. orivegan ambavs iwyebs prologosi, Semdeg aris
parodosi da a.S. erTaderTi gansxvaveba isaa, rom qarumiZesTan ambavi meoTxe
episodioniTa da stasimoniT mTavrdeba, evripidesTan ki _ mexuTiT.
teqstebis SedarebiTma analizma gviCvena, rom Tu ironizebul da parodirebul
qveteqstebs ar gaviTvaliswinebT, zurab qarumiZe zogan TiTqmis ucvlelad mihyveba
evripides teqsts, magaliTisaTvis:

evripide
gamiborotdnen dedisdani, ar daijeres,
rom Tavad zevsma gamaCina me, dionise;
cili daswames dedaCemsac _ semelem TiTqos,
viRac mokvdavTan samarcxvinod SeuRlebulma,
zevss daabrala saidumlo Tvisi nayofi
(ase erCios TiTqos kadmoss qaliSvilisTvis!)
da imitomac moiklao zevsisve xeliT~.
(evripide, bakxosis mxevlebi, Tb., gv. 481)

qarumiZe
viT dionises dedisdebma cili daswames
dedas RmrTisas — semelem TiTqos,
viRac mokvdavTan
samarcxvinod SeuRlebulma,
zevss daabrala saidumlo Tvisi nayofi
(ase erCios TiTqos
kadmoss qaliSvilisTvis!)
da imitomac moiklao zevsisve xeliT.~
(qarumiZe z.: 59)
an kidev:
evripide
Smagi ferxuliT Tayvans scemen RmerTs axalbedas,
RmerTs, dionised saxeldebuls, ahkidebian.
win udgaT savse lagvinebi, Tanac malulad
mamakacebis sareclisken uWiravT Tvalni.~ (gv. 486-487)

70
 qarumiZe
Smagi ferxuliT
Tayvans scemen RmerTs primitiuls, RmerTs,
dionised saxeldebuls ahkidebian; win udgaT
savse lagvinebi, Tanac malulad mamakacebis
sareclisken uWiravT Tvalni.~ (gv. 71)
zogan ki mwerali evripides teqstis parodirebas iZleva:

evripide
`midgomil asuls nayofi edga
momlodines salmobis Jamisa _
odes zegardmo mexistexiT
uJamod aSobina zevsma.
da merme mexiT daferflili
deda ganerida sawuTros.~ (gv. 483)
qarumiZe
`gogov, gogov, semele!
RmerTis mamam dagpepla _
mexistexam dagferfla!
gogov, gogov, semele!~ (gv. 62)

`Txa da gigo~ postmodernistuli teqstis enisaTvis damaxasiaTebel sxva

niSnebsac Seicavs: gramatikuli normebis uaryofa, erotikuli leqsikis Warbad
gamoyeneba Tu pornoscenebis Tamami aRwera, magaliTad, orgiaSi monawile agavesa
(igive merilin mocarti) da godos scena: `ucxod moxvel Sen, romeli xar saxe
momavlisa, romeli ars saxe WeSmariti da erTaderTi, rameTu awmyo usaxoa, xolo
warsulisas ki mxolod ukanalsa vWvretT, romelic ars WeSmariti ukve: magitomac
moxvel Sen, rom warsulis ukve ukanalidan Camisaxo momavlis saxe! (dgeba oTxiT da
godos miuSvers ukanals. godo miajdeba agaves).~
evripide Tavis tragediaSi xatavs baxusiT gonebadabnelebul qalebs da maT
sastik namoqmedars, rac imiT aixsneba, rom Tebelebma ar aRiares dionise RmerTad da
dascines mas, ris gamoc daisajnen ase mkacrad. rac Seexeba zurab qarumiZis `Txa da
gigos~ am monakveTs, igi arcTu ise Soreuli warsulis politikuri movlenebis
aluzias iwvevs, postmodernul kulturaSi ase farTod gavrcelebuli erotikuli
scenebi (Tumc, vfiqrob, rom sityva `erotikuli~ gacilebiT esTeturia im
scenebisaTvis, rasac dRevandeli literatura gvTavazobs) Tu pornoleqsika,
avtoriseuli ganmartebiT, porno-lingvisturi margalitebi, piesaSi gansakuTrebul
mxatvrul da azrobriv datvirTvas iZenen. isini aTvalsaCinoeben Tanamedrove da, maT
Soris, qarTul socialur-politikur sivrceSi mimdinare movlenaTa perversiul,
gadagvarebul saxes, `feminsturi buntis~ mTel groteskul xasiaTs. am
deformirebuli sociumis Sefasebas zurab qarumiZe swored `porno-lingvisturi~
xerxebiT axdens. elinisturi da postmodernuli epoqebis literaturaTa
Sedarebisas nugzar muzaSvili wers: `iseve, rogorc oci saukunis win, dResac
adamianebma moulodnelad cxovrebis orientiri dakarges. raRac saerTo mizani,
romelic, Cveulebriv, azrsa da mniSvnelobas aniWebs xolme sicocxles, Tvalsa da
xels Sua gaqra. faseulobebi, romelTa absoluturi da maradiuli xasiaTi adre
araviTar eWvs ar iwvevda, sruliad gaufasurda.
...rogorc elinisturi, ise postmodernistuli xelovneba da literatura
gardauvlad kargavs interess seriozuli Temebis mimarT.
tragedia cud tonad iqceva.
...yvelaferi gmiruli, seriozuli da Rrma publikas an aRizianebs, anda
mTqnarebis gunebaze ayenebs. didi moTxovnilebaa msubuq, gasarTob Janrebze.
...dRes umTavresia Sou. adamianebi yvelgan da yvelaferSi gasarTobs eZeben da
pouloben kidec~ (`analogiebi~). swored elituri literaturidan, rasac
warmoadgenda modernizmis kultura, maskulturaze gadatanilma aqcentma da msubuq,
gasarTob literaturaze gazrdilma moTxovnilebebma ganapiroba zemomotanili
scenebis aseTi siuxve Cvens, da ara marto Cvens, dRevandel mwerlobaSi.
zurab qarumiZesTan ironiisa da parodirebis miRma Cans im did tkivilTa da
problemaTa xazgasma, rac epoqam moitana. antikuri samyaros adamiani RmerTisagan
imarTeba, mis bediswerasac RmerTebi weren da is mxolod marionetia maT
SesrulebaSi. rogorc antikuri literaturis erT-erTi cnobili mkvlevari rismag
gordeziani aRniSnavs, evripide swored imiT gansxvavdeba mis Tanamedrove sxva
tragikosTagan, rom man adamians mianiWa ufro meti Zala da neba, dramatuli kolizia
gare realobidan gmiris Sinagan samyaroSi gadaitana. amitomac ambobda mis Sesaxeb

71
aristotele: `sofokle asaxavda adamianebs iseTad, rogorebic isini unda iyvnen,
xolo evripide iseTebad, rogorebic isini arian~. garda amisa, evripide miTologiur
masalas gansxvavebulad udgeba da mas aratradiciul interpretacias aZlevs. misi
Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi Taviseburebania: demiTologizacia, yofiTi detalebis
Semotana, enisa da stilis sisadave, adamianis miwaze Camoyvana. aSkaraa, rom es is
niSnebia, rac postmodernizmsac axasiaTebs. oRond ukiduresi, utrirebuli saxiT. am
ukanasknelma udidesi Tavisufleba mianiWa mwerals da xSirad iseTi, rom TviT
mkiTxvelic ki uxerxulobaSi Caagdo. SesaZloa, z. qarumiZec amitom dainteresda am
tragikosiT. evripides msgavsad, masac awuxebs epoqis Tu eris wyurvili cvlilebisa:
`Tqven axlaxans mimtkicebdiT, rom TamaSis arsi gardasaxva da gardasxeulebaa. me ki
getyviT, kolega, rom Cveni TamaSis, iseve rogorc TamaSis upirvelesi arsi aris
Tavisufleba! diax, Tavisufleba da mxolod Tavisufleba _ totaluri TamaSis
pirobebSi. informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da warmosaxvis Tavisufleba _ ai Cveni puri
da Rvino!~ (qarumiZe z.: 77-78). (`TamaSi da moraluri pasuxismgebloba~ _ barti.) XXI
saukunis adamianisaTvis, raoden paradoqsulic unda iyos, yvelaze didi wyurvili
swored Tavisufleba aRmoCnda. namdvili, realuri Tavisufleba vera da ver moipova
adamianma. piriqiT, kulturuli Tu mecnieruli afeTqebebis pirobebSi man sul ufro
metad daucvelad igrZno Tavi. samyarom, romelic totaluri TamaSis principebs
daemorCila, RvTis umaRlesi qmnileba am TamaSis nawilad aqcia da amiT moanatra mas
`puri da Rvino~ _ igive rwmena (an RmerTi). yvela tipis, politikuri, socialuri Tu
kulturuli TamaSi marTvis formad iqca da Tavisuflebis SegrZnebac amitom ver
moitana.
rac Seexeba teqstis enobriv mxares, `Txa da gigos~ aqvs TiTqmis yvela is niSani,
rac axasiaTebs weris postmodernul maneras, kerZod, saliteraturo normebis
uaryofa: dialeqtizmebi (hyvarobda, romlisaca roma, igre, ro, hgams); arqaizmebi,
rac erTgvari interteqstia gramatikul doneze (yvelazed, hispanieli, Sin miviqcevi,
daipo perangi Tvisi); barbarizmi (kapli) da a.S. yvelaze ufro uxvad aris
warmodgenili ironizebuli, xandaxan parodirebulic ki, interteqsti: bazris
moednis _ agoras gayolebaze silikonuri lavaSebiT daxures sefa da makluhan
marSal-mamasaxlisi dasves `TamaSisuflad~ anu _ ceremonmaisterad; sufrebs
miusxdnen, or rigad, rogorc rom JRal CoxebSi Zveli msmelebi (`gulbaaT WavWavaZe~);
qaosmosis mefe fsevdodionisi meore dionise mraval da mraval sviani, uzomod
maRali da uzomod mdabali (`vefxistyaosani~); fsevdosis hyavda vaziri fantazmo
sparsi _ xuroTmoZRvari da suliT kalatozi (`didostatis marjvena~);
reprezentaciis mefis asulis eikonas motaceba fsevdosi mefem daavala fantazmo
sparss, eikonas ki gzaSive Seuyvarda Tavisi momtacebeli (`visramiani~), eikonas Zmebma
xeTa-merqanTagan gamoxvewes veeba cxeni dis gabaxebisaTvis SurissaZieblad
(`iliada~); eikonas Zmebi Caikargnen labirinTSi da aTi weli exetebodnen, raTa gza
epovnaT (`odisea~); mogesalmebiT, me gantevebis vaci var _ azazel! (`ostati da
margarita~); CaZinebul gonebas urCxulebi daepatroneno (qarTuli andaza);
montekristoma Txara-Txarao, bedniereba gamoTxarao (qarTuli andaza da `grafi
monte-kristo~);
`mevaxSeobiT ifqlis marcvali ar Rivis
Samgzis gadaxnul mindorze;
mevaxSeobiT mzis sitkboeba ar aRavsebs
mtevans vazisas;
mevaxSeobiT ar daqaldeba qalwuli da
ymawvilkaci ar dakacdeba;
verc meomari gaimarjvebs mevaxSeobiT,
da verc qurumi mouxmobs wvimas;
mevaxSeobiT ar arsebobs TviT siyvaruli,
da TviT arara ar arsebobs mevaxSeobiT...~
(qarumiZe z.: 91-92) (`usiyvarulod~)

es leqsi, lirikulobisa da mevaxSeobis amgvari dawyvileba, SeuTavsebel

konceptTa morigebis postmodernul cdadac SeiZleba ganvixiloT. globaluri
`senis~ _ mevaxSeobis parodirebad: siyvaruli / mevaxSeoba.
postmodernul terminTa ironiul interpretacias warmoadgens merilin
mocartis balais Semdgom warmoTqmuli sadRegrZeloebi: `udrood wasulTa

72
retenciisa~, `xvalindeli dRis protenciisa~, `simulakrum-salocavebisa~, `avtoris
qvriv-oblobisa~, `semiotikuri ded-mamiSvilebisa~, `intersubieqturi mezoblobisa~,
`alternatiul megobrobisa~, `marginaluri gagebisa~ da a.S. am sityvebSi kidev
erTxel Cans mwerlis damokidebuleba dRevandeli qarTuli sufrisadmi. aq
parodirebulia ara mxolod misi forma da qarTul sadRegrZeloTa Sablonuri saxe,
aramed sufris wevrebis yalbi damokidebuleba erTmaneTisadmi.
teqstSi gamoyenebulia samedicino da teqnikuri terminologiac.
dabolos, Cveni werili erTi martivi WeSmaritebiT gvsurs davasruloT. rogorc
Cans, postmodernic erT-erTi im stilTagania, romelic sulis siRrmeSi Tavad
mwerlisTvisac ar aris axlobeli, garkveulwilad, es, albaT, maneracaa. amitom,
bolos da bolos, yovelgvari interteqstisa da ormagi kodirebisgan,
epistemologiuri daeWvebisa da pastiSisagan, posrmodernuli mgrZnobiarobisa da
avtoris niRbisagan daRlil adamianSi mainc iCens Tavs erTi gulwrfeli survili,
rac gamosaTqmeladac iseTive martivi da sadaa, rogorc nebismieri WeSmariteba
amqveynad: `kacs ubraloeba gauxda sanatreli, ho, is, rac ubralod aris, ai, rogorc
puri da Rvino...~ (z qarumiZe.: 82)

73
 Jurnalistika

manana SamiliSvili

sareklamo diskursis pragmastilistikuri aspeqtebi

gabriel garsia markesma gasuli saukunis 50-ian wlebSi sabWoTa kavSirSi

imogzaura da STabeWdilebebis kvalze, rogorc sCveoda, SesaniSnavi narkvevi dawera,
aseTi mravlismTqmeli saTauriT: `224 000 00 kvadratuli kilometri koka-kolas
reklamis gareSe~. mxatvruli (da publicisturi) sityvis ubadlo ostats maSindeli
sabWoeTidan yvelaze TvalSisacemad swored es faqti miuCnevia. da Tu ara mas, sxvas
vis xelewifeboda saxeldebis rangSi mTelis amsaxveli amgvari detalis warmoCena.
es sabWouri stili iyo. dRes ki yvelaze miyruebuli soflis fardulsac ki
`vesternizaciis~ am metad popularuli simbolos saxeli aweria (ise, ra amis pasuxia,
magram yavis moyvarulTa interessac Tu gaiTvaliswineben Cveni dasavleli
`eqspansionistebi` da `starbasis~ ganTqmuli brendiTac gagvanebivreben, didad
davufasebdiT), rom aRaraferi vTqvaT mediasaSualebaTa mier `eleqtoratis~
cnobierebis reklamiT perioduli dabombvis faqtebze.
marTlac, reklama dRes Cveni rutinuli cxovrebis yvela foridan SemoRwevas
lamobs da rac ar unda ecadoT, abezari mweriviT Tavidan moiSoroT, uSedego iqneba.
gana Cvens leqsikaSi ukve myarad ar damkvidrda sareklamo sloganebi? gana
sareklamo klipebis `maxinji stilistika~ ar zemoqmedebs Cvens cnobierebaze?
Tanamedrove rusi mwerlis, viqtor pelevinis, visi xelwerac, TiTqosda erTmaneTTan
SeuTavsebeli masobrivisa da eliturobis warmatebuli Tanxvedraa, romanis,
`Generation П~, mTavari personaJi vavilen tatarski Tvlis, rom reklamis namdvili
fasi icis, _ is xom mas qmnis! magram yvelaze koSmarul sizmarSic ki ver warmoidgens
boTlidan mis mier amoSvebuli jinis realur safrTxes. personaJTa am WeSmaritad
babilonur bakqanaliaSi _ RvTaeba iSTaridan da Ce gevaradan dawyebuli,
Tanamedrove politikosebiT damTavrebuli, giWirs gaarkvio, marTlac realuria es
samyaro Tu mxolod sareklamo klipebSi arsebuli.
dRevandel saqarTveloSi, romelmac sareklamo `saxadi~ jer kidev gasuli
saukunis 90-ian wlebSi gadaitana, igi, garkveulwilad, spontanur, isteriul fonTan
asocirdeba. amas informaciis zedmeti dramatizebac emateba, rac namdvilad ar
gaxlavT damarwmunebeli argumenti. miT ufro, Tu Cveni samizne auditoriis
“gansakuTrebulobas” miviRebT mxedvelobaSi. mniSvnelovania agreTve, rogor
vsaubrobT reklamis adresatTan, _ toni, stilistika, ganwyoba.
sareklamo saqmianobis yovlismomcvelobisa da sazogadoebriv cnobierebze misi
zegavlenis masStabebis gansazRvra Sors wagviyvans da sulac ar gaxlavT Cveni mizani.
CvenTvis mniSvnelovania am utilitarul _ saqmiani, pragmatuli sferos
SemoqmedebiTi aspeqtebis kvleva; Tanxvedris im wertilTa Zieba, riTic sareklamo
Semoqmedeba literaturaTmcodneobiTi interesis sferoSi Semodis (xatovnad rom
vTqvaT, Tu rogor irgebs es pragmatuli samoRvaweo sfero e.w. `literaturul
samosels~). pirvel yovlisa, vgulisxmobT reklamis diskursis semiologiur
aspeqtebs _ reklamis enas, rogorc disciplinaTaSorisi kvlevis obieqts. aqve
ikveTeba aranakleb saintereso, reklamaSi informaciis verbalur _ vizualuri
elementebis urTierTqmedebis sakiTxic.
sagulisxmoa aseve, qarTul sainformacio sivrceSi sareklamo saqmianobis
taqtikisa da strategiis analizi.. amasTan, mkafiovdeba sakiTxi reklamis
mniSvnelobisa da funqciis Sesaxeb saxelmwifo mowyobis tetrarqiul sistemaSi,
rogor Tanxvdeba is konkretuli media _ saSualebis msoflmxedvelobas, ikveTeba Tu
ara ideosinkretizmi da a.S..
cxadia, TiToeuli sakiTxi siRrmiseuli kvlevis sagania da erT konkretul
naSroms misi tvirTeba ar ZaluZs. ukve aRvniSneT, rom Cveni sakvlevi segmenti
reklamis teqstualuri mxariT Semoifargleba da sareklamo moRvaweobis sferoSi
Seqmnili viTarebis zogadi suraTis warmoCenaSi gvexmareba.

74
 dasaxuli miznis ganxorcieleba SesaZleblad miviCnieT qarTul sainformacio
sivrceSi ganTavsebuli sareklamo produqciis mokvleva-dajgufebis, maTi
sainformacio taqtikisa da strategiis, tipologiuri da Sinaarsobrivi analizis
safuZvelze. kvlevis mecnierul bazad moviazreT am mimarTebiT dasavluri reklamis
Teoriis, semiologiuri da JurnalistikismcodneobiTi Ziebani (maT Soris: reklamis
auditoriaze zemoqmedebis emociuri doneebis ron habardiseuli koncefcia,
alaster kromptonis brendingis Teoria da sxv.); zogadad, publicistikis kreatiuli
gamocdileba.
metad sainteresoa agreTve ganvsazRvroT SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis am
sferoze postmodernizmis filosofiisa da informaciuli sazogadoebis Teoriis
gavlenis xarisxi. swored aRniSnuli sakiTxis garkvevas ecada nugzar bardaveliZe
Jurnal `sjanSi~ gamoqveynebul werilSi `postmodernistuli diskursi PR-ze da
reklamaze~ (literaturul-Teoriuli Jurnali `sjani~, 7, Tb., 2006w., gv. 169-178).
imTaviTve unda SevniSnoT, rom avtori metwil postmodernizmis fenomenze
amaxvilebs yuradRebas da zogadi msjelobiT Semoifargleba. am xarvezze saTanado
da samarTlianma miniSnebam ar daaxana (m. kvaWantiraZe, `literaturuli sivrcis axali
perspeqtivebi~, gazeTi `kalmasoba~, 3(102) 2007, gv. 9-10.). recenziaSi SeniSvnebTan
erTad sakiTxis srulfasovani SeswavlisaTvis friad sagulisxmo rekomendaciebicaa
SemoTavazebuli:
`minda SegaxsenoT, rom hoizingisgan gansxvavebiT, TamaSis Tanamedrove gagebaSi
Tavisuflebaze aranakleb mwvaved ganixilebian `sacduris~, `yuradRebis gadatanis~
`faruli zemoqmedebis~ faqtorebi. reklama, rogorc Cveni yoveldRiurobis nawili,
iseve araTavisufalia, rogorc nebismieri norma. normatiuli Tavisufleba ki
mxolod Tavisuflebis iluziaa, romelic Tavisuflebis iluziaSi SefuTuli
iZulebiTi aqtebiT vrceldeba. am analizis analogiiT, rac bartma da ekom Caatares
reklamis semiologiis TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleboda garCeuliyo Cveni reklamebis
denitaciuri _ garegani, zedapiruli, da Sinagani _ konitaciuri, faruli
ideologiuri zemoqmedebis doneebi (gaz. `kalmasoba~, gv. 10)~.
es vrceli amonaridi imisTvis dagvWirda, rom Cveni strategiis ZiriTadi
orientirebi dagvesaxa da Zalebi problemis gadaWrisken migvemarTa. radganac Cveni
kvlevis sagani, upiratesad, reklamis stilistikuri aspeqtebia, sarecenzio naSromSi
am mxriv arsebul xarvezebsac gverdi ver avuareT. pirvel yovlisa, saTaurSive
daSvebul sintaqsur Secdomaze unda gavakeToT miniSneba. saWiro iyo martivi
gramatikuli manipulaciiT ori ze-Tandebuliani arsebiTi saxelidan, `da~ kavSiris
winamavali uTandebulo micemiTiT Segvecvala. aqve isic gvinda mivaniSnoT, rom
upriani iqneboda saxeldebaSi jer reklama gvexsenebina, xolo Semdgom _ fiari,
miTumetes, rom teqstSi, ZiriTadad, reklamaze keTdeba aqcenti (postmodernizmze
msjelobis Semdgomi xvedriTi wilis mixedviT). sabolood, amgvar formulirebas
miviRebdiT: `postmodernistuli diskursi reklamasa da PR-ze~.
samwuxarod, enobriv-stilistikuri Secdomebi mxolod amiT rodi
Semoifargleba. ucxouri paronimebis xmarebisas tradiciul Secdomas vawydebiT
(Tanac, araerTxel!): `PR _ kompania~ `PR _ kampaniis~ nacvlad (`sjani~, gv. 177). aqve
avtoris mier SemoTavazebuli disciplinis saxeldebis Sesaxebac gvinda SevniSnoT.
`reklammcodneoba~ rusulis uzusto kalkia. srulyofili Targmanisas
`reklamismcodneobas~ miviRebdiT da ori man-is uxerxul Tavmoyrasac Tavidan
avicilebdiT. umarTebulo kalkirebas zogjer azrobriv uzustobamde mivyavarT. ase
magaliTad, naSromSi vkiTxulobT: `reklamis mizania _ aRZras adamianebis raRac
qmedebebi (...) Tundac, ubralod Seaxsenos adamianebs raime saqonlis an momsaxureobis
sferos perspeqtiuli stumrobis Sesaxeb (`sjani~, gv. 176)~. `saqonlis ...
perspeqtiuli stumroba~, albaT, ase unda avxsnaT: saubaria reklamis ZiriTad
mizanze _ raime produqciis reklamirebiT miizidos momxmarebeli.
es xarvezebi kompilaciuri xasiaTis naSromisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli da Tu am
meTods mivmarTavT, Targmnisas mis stilistikur srulyofazec unda vizrunoT.
rac Seexeba Sinaarsobriv mxares, SeniSvnebs verc aq avuareT gverdi. reklamisa
da fiaris msgavs da ganmasxvavebel niSnebze saubrisas, avtori propagandis am or,
monaTesave sferos jer sruliad gansxvavebul samyaroebad moixseniebs (gv. 176),
xolo momdevno fraziT sakuTar mosazrebas savsebiT abaTilebs, rodesac ambobs, rom
maT Soris sxvaoba `zemoqmedebis masStaburobiT ganisazRvreba” da rom `PR

75
gansazRvravs reklamis efeqturobas~ (gv. 177). dagveTanxmebiT, _ dasaxelebuli
niuansebi mkveTrad gamijvnis safuZveli verafriT iqneba da, ufro metic, es avtoris
mTeli Semdgomi msjelobiTac naTlad dasturdeba.
erTsac vityviT _ fiarTan dakavSirebiT (sainteresoa, mxolod fiarTan
ratom?) statiis endingis (ing. Ending: daboloeba _ teqstis kompoziciuri elementi)
optimizmi arafriT Seesabameba mTlianad teqstis paToss, miT ufro, lidisas (ing.
Lead - winasityvaoba), sadac fiaris Sefarul, ideologiur zegavlenebze, e.w. `Sav
fiarzea~ miniSneba (sun Zis avtoriseuli perifrazi). saerTodac, unda iTqvas, rom
zRurblze naTqvami mets gvpirdeba, vidre realobaSia warmodgenili.
vTvliT, rom Teoriuli msjeloba konkretuli magaliTebiT unda iyos
gamyarebuli, raRa Tqma unda, masobrivi sakomunikacio sivrcis TaviseburebaTa
gaTvaliswinebiT. amitomac, Cveni sinamdvilisTvis konteqsts moklebulia dasavlel
TeoretikosTa mier SemoTavazebuli da naSromSi moxmobili reklamis, rogorc
`postmodernistuli esTetikis principebiT agebuli postmodernistuli teqstis (gv.
174)~ ganmarteba (kvlav SevniSnavT, rom aqac mravalsityvaobasa da amiT gamowveul
tavtologiasTan gvaqvs saqme). saerTod, postmodernizmi verbalur da vizualur
sareklamo komunikaciebze upirobo gavlenas rom axdens, cxadia, magram aris ki
Tanamedrove qarTuli sareklamo praqtika postmodernuli stilistikis nimuSi?
vfiqrobT, amgvari kiTxvac ironias iwvevs. naTqvamis dasturad qvemoT ganxiluli
araerTi nimuSi gamodgeboda.
sanam uSualod sakvlev problematikas SevexebodeT, vityviT, rom CvenTvis
saintereso konteqstSi kvlevis precendenti dResdReobiT ar gagvaCnia (winmswreb
naSroms mcdelobad Tu ar miviCnevT). zogadad reklamis fenomenze ki sxvadasxva
dros dastambul araerT gamokvlevaSia saubari (sareklamo saqmianobis mniSvnelovan
aspeqtTa Ziebis TvalsazrisiT yuradsaRebia: v. SubiTiZis, m. lomiZis, T. metrevelis,
a. kacitaZis, n. kupraSvilis, T. alfaiZisa da sxvaTa naSromebi).
sareklamo moRvaweobis SemoqmedebiT mxareze saubrisas gverds ver avuvliT
brendis fenomens, rogorc emociur asociaciaTa gansakuTrebul mTlianobas,
Jurnalisturi ostatobis erT-erT yvelaze mkafio gamovlinebas. uciloblad unda
iTqvas, rom igi bevrad metia, vidre savaWro niSani. maTi gaigiveba dauSvebelia.
cnobili frangi semiologi rolan barti miiCnevs, rom brendingi unikaluri
komunikaciuri elementia, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs produqcia simbolisturi
samyaros ama Tu im obieqts davukavSiroT. mag. malboro _ kovboi (ix.: Р. Барт, избранние
работы: Семиотика. Поэтика, М: `Прогресс-универс~ 1994г.). misi Seqmnis procesi namdvili
xelovnebaa, Semoqmedebis metad originaluri warmoCena, romelic reklamis
dasavlelma Teoretikosma alaster kromptonma dawvrilebiT aRwera wignSi
`sareklamo teqstis saxelosno~. masve ekuTvnis reklamis samyaroSi gabatonebuli
brendis formirebis Tematuri klasifikacia. kromptonis mtkicebiT, arsebobs 17
Tema, romelic adamianebis mometebul interess iwvevs (Аластер Кромптон, `Мастерская
рекламного текста~, изд. 2-е. М., 1998г.,с. 27) da Tu maT ideis saxiT gamoviyenebT, warmateba
garantirebulia.
brendis Seqmna rTuli, Sromatevadi da mravalfaziani procesia. yvela
komponents Soris umniSvnelovanesi saxelis SerCevaa. swored is moiTxovs
SemqmnelTagan SemoqmedebiTi potenciis maqsimalur gamovlinebas. naTqvamis
sailustraciod sadReisod yvelaze cnobili da warmatebuli brendi `pentiumi~ _
Pentium gamodgeboda (mflobeli da mwarmoebeli _ korporacia Intel, brendis
Semqmneli _ kompania Lexicon Branding). am saxelze `naTliebi~ sam Tveze metxans
muSaobdnen. is specialuri, 1500 sityviani bazidan amoarCies. fuZe berZnuli `Pente”-
dan warmoiqmna, romelic mianiSnebs, rom `pentiumi~ mexuTe Taobis procesoria.
lingvistTa rolzec unda mivuTiToT: maTi gamoTvliT, sityvis xmovanTa erTianoba
asocirdeboda mciredTan, magram Zalze mZlavrTan. formulam warmatebiT imuSava.
ase rom, saxelis SerCevisas misi lingvisturi upiratesobanic _ struqtura, ritmi
_ unda gaviTvaliswinoT.
lingvisturi analizi moiTxovs agreTve axladSeqmnili sityvis morfemis enis
leqsikur mniSvnelobasTan Sedarebis aucileblobasac. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, Tu
sad unda imuSaos brendma. saerTaSoriso bazarze gatanisas, savaraudo gavrcelebis
qveynebSi enobrivad negatiur asociaciebze lingvisturi analizi unda Catardes.

76
gaugebrobaTa Tavidan asacileblad, saerTaSoriso brendze momuSave soliduri
saagentoebi semantikur analizs 14 enaze atareben. azrobrivis garda, zogjer
fonetikur analizsac mimarTaven. movixmobT warumatebeli brendis ramdenime nimuSs,
romliTac naTqvamis mniSvneloba naTlad dasturdeba. magaliTad, avtomobilebis
saxelwodebebi: `Ford Pinto~ _ laTinur amerikaSi JRers rogorc `TvalTvali~,
`Mitsubishi Pajero~ espanurad _ rogorc `aliyuri~; `Lada Nova~ _ kvlav espanurad _
`uZravi~; `Fiat Uno~ _ finurad _ `umwifari~ da a.S. saqme zogjer anegdotamdec
midis. ase magaliTad, ruseTSi SexvdebiT moduri fexsacmlis maRazias saxelwodebiT,
arc meti arc naklebi, `Mazzoli~, rac peterburgelebma warmatebiT amoikiTxes rogorc
`koJrebi~ (rusuli `Мозоли~).(ix.: `Основные понятия брендинга~, http:/www.changebuy.ru).
Tanamedrove qarTul bazarze warmatebuli brendis nimuSad SeiZleba
dasaxeldes `badagoni~. igi evropul bazarze gamavali, qarTul _ italiuri Rvinis
brendia (kompania `badagonis~ partnioria cnobili enologi, doqtori donato
lanati). saxelwodeba mJReria da kargad aRsaqmeli, rogorc qarTulad, ise
italiurad. nawarmoebia qarTuli `badagi~-dan, italiurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
sufiqsis damatebiT. ase rom, bgeriT Tanxmierebas Sesatyvisi azrobrivi datvirTvac
emateba. Sesabamisad, brendi tevadia, iwvevs dadebiT asociaciebs, gamoxatavs
produqtis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis arss. keTilxmovania, iolad dasamaxsovrebeli
da warmosaTqmeli ara mxolod CvenTvis, ucxoelTaTvisac.
brendis strategia SemdgomSi swor reklamirebasac iTvaliswinebs.
upiratesobaTa molodini, romelsac brendis avtorebi qmnian, brendis safuZvelSive
arsebuli mTavari ideaa. sareklamo kampaniac amave ideiT unda warimarTos, rac
`badagonis~ SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom verbalur _ vizualuri elementebis
harmoniuli urTierTqmedebis Sedegad, aseve warmatebiT ganxorcielda. STambeWdavi
sareklamo kampania miniSnebas gamorCeulobaze, daxvewilobaze, maradiuli
faseulobebisadmi Tayvaniscemaze akeTebda da dasturdeboda yvela am Tvisebis
matarebeli personaJis ritorikiT. firmis renomes aZlierebs kargad SerCeuli,
erTob yurTamtkbobi qarTul _ italiuri slogani: `ra Tqma unda, badagoni!~ swori
sareklamo kampaniiT, Semtevi marketingiT sadReisod `badagonma~ did warmatebebs
miaRwia.
zogierTi brendi gacilebiT metia, vidre mxolod misi produqciasTan
asocirebuloba. zogjer igi didi socialuri erTobis, droisa da adgilis simbolod,
erTgvar `metasimbolod~ gvevlineba (Tundac isev `koka-kola~ anda `makdonaldsi~
davimowmoT, romlebic, imavdroulad, dasavleTis metasimboloebicaa). mis farTo,
masStabur da, garkveulwilad, kulturologiur mniSvnelobaze saubrobs trentis
universitetis (aSS) profesori, anTropologi pol maningi naSromSi: `magnas epoqa:
brendis totemizmi da warmosaxviTi gadasvla socializmidan postsocializmze
saqarTveloSi~ (gaz. `axali 7 dRe~, 2007w., 20-28 ivlisi, gv.13-15), sadac Zalze
mkafiodaa naCvenebi, Tu rogor asocirdebian brendi da reklama socialur
transformaciebsa da politikur proeqtebTan, rogor ukavSirdeba igi
warmodgenebis cvlilebas sazogadoebaSi. terminSi `brendis totemizmi~ maningi
gulisxmobs situacias, sadac brendebs Soris gansxvavebebi gamoyenebulia
kulturuli gansxvavebebis organizaciisaTvis.
pol maningi literaturuli personaJis, aka morCilaZis `faliaSvilis quCis
ZaRlebis~ mTavari gmiris, zazas rTul, winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse Sinagan samyaroze
dakvirvebiT, misi pirovnebis fsiqo-emociuri cvlilebebisdakvalad, romelic
ubrendobidan brendze, e.w. `kulturnostidan~ `permanentuli revoluciis~
procesze gadasvliT iyo gamowveuli, naTlad gviCvenebs, Tu rogor iqca `magnas~
wiTeli kolofi mTeli periodis gamomxatvel, e.w. gadasvlis metasimbolod
(konkretuli periodis gamomxatvel erTgvar metasimboloebad SeiZleba miviCnioT
agreTve saxeldebebi: `jinsebis Taoba` da `Cipsebis Taoba~).
Tavadac am procesis monawile, igi wers: `1992 wels mTeli Tbilisi `magnas~
eweoda, maT Soris mec. `magna~ iqca simbolod ara mxolod produqtisa, aramed
droisac, adgilisa, adamianebisa; iqca simbolod mTeli postsocialisturi rTuli
periodisa. (...) zazasTvis sigareti `magna~, saqoneli, ori gansxvavebuli
TvaslazrisiT, problemuri simboloa. erTi mxriv, `magna~ aris SesaniSnavi simbolo
axali epoqisa, `magnas epoqis~ mosvlisa. meore mxriv, `magna~ dominirebs mis fiqrebSi,
radgan is namdvili saqonelia, romelsac aqvs namdvili Rirebuleba. zaza mwevelia,

77
mwevelisTvis ki sigaretis kolofi arasdrosaa mTlianad simboluri. `magna~
zazasTvis misive rTuli periodis, am gadasvlasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis
metaforacaa da metonimic~ (pol maningi, gv.14). maningis azriT, `magna~, erTi mxriv,
abstraqtuli metaforaa, droebis niSani, meore mxriv _ Cveulebrivi saqoneli. da
radgan adamians ar SeuZlia metaforebis moweva, xolo namdvili sigaretis yidvis
saSualeba zazas ara aqvs, `magna~ misi problemebis metonimuri, konkretuli
simbolocaa. amgvarad, `magna~ gadasvlis periodis yvelaze TvalsaCino brendia,
yvelaze naTeli, xiluli diakritikuli (berZ. diakritikos _ ganmasxvavebeli asobgeriTi
niSani, romelic miuTiTebs, rom masTan erTad asobgera sxvagvarad ikiTxeba) niSani,
romelic kapitalistur saqonels socialisturisgan gamoyofs. is warmoadgens
yvelafers, riTac postsocialisturi Tbilisis dro da sivrce gansxvavdeba
socialisturisgan. es “magnas” epoqaa.
reklamis mTavari mizani momxmareblis fsiqikaze zemoqmedebaa. fsiqologiur
disciplinaTa axalTaobis warmomadgenlebis azriT, nebismier aseT manipulacias
socialuri ziani moaqvs. amasTan, umTavresi self-determinizmis dakninebaa (self-
determinism: gadawyvetilebebis damoukideblad miRebis unari). miamitobaa, uari
gveTqva reklamis warmoebaze. azric ara aqvs _ dRevandel sazogadoebas ureklamod
arseboba aRar warmoudgenia, magram unda gvaxsovdes _ rogorc kargsa da cud
Rvinos vansxvavebT, aseve unda ganvasxvavoT kargi da cudi reklamac. da mainc, ra ar
viciT reklamis Sesaxeb?
amerikeli mwerali-fantastisa da mkvlevris, religiur-filosofiuri
moZRvrebis, saentologiis (`codna codnaze~), fuZemdeblis ron habardis mtkicebiT,
reklamis zemoqmedebis principebSi garkveva tonebis SkaliT (adamianis emociur-
fsiqikuri tonusiT) SeiZleba. TiToeuli toni adamianis gansazRvrul mdgomareobas
Seesabameba. rac ufro maRalia igi, miT metia gonebrivi potenciali. tonebis
urTierTqmedebas aregulirebs e.w. `afinitis kanoni~ (affiniti _ fsiqologiuri
miziduloba). niuansebze saubars aRar gavagrZelebT, ubralod vityviT, rom dabal
tonebSi adamianis gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi qveiTdeba da igi TiTqosda imaT
`gadascems~, visac maRali toni aqvs. igive vrceldeba socialur jgufebsa da mTel
qveynebzec. habardis Skalis mixedviT, Cveulebriv, adamianuri qcevebis tonTa
amplituda 4,0 -dan 0-mde meryeobs. arsebobs situaciebi, rodesac toni zeda zRvars
aWarbebs (eiforiis, aRfrTovanebis, eqstazis mdgomareoba), anda udablesia
(uemocio, fsiqikuri problemebis mqoneni, adamiani _ zombi). amitom sazogadoebaSi,
sadac Zalian dabali toni batonobs, xalxi mxolod sxvis azrs iziarebs, ase vTqvaT,
`patronis~ direqtivas elodeba. Teoriis avtoris daskvniT, demokratia 2,0 tons
qvemoT ar arsebobs (ix. Л.Р. Хаббард, `Наука Выживания~, изд. ,,Нью Эра,, М., 2000 г.)
ra kavSirSia yovelive reklamasTan? saqme is gaxlavT, rom reklamis ZiriTadi
principebidan gamomdinare (masStaburoba, uwyvetoba, agresiuloba, sareklamo
masalis perioduli cvalebadoba), dabali tonebis sazogadoebaSi (maT ricxvs Cvenc
mivekuTvnebiT, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 2,0 tons qvemoT iseTi qceviTi reaqciebi
moiazreba, rogoricaa: mtroba, sulieri tkivili, mrisxaneba, siZulvili, wuxili,
antipaTia, gangaSi, SiSi, sasowarkveTileba, apaTia da a.S.) reklamis zemoqmedebis
saukeTeso saSualeba agresiulobaa e.i., Tuki igi iwvevs Soks, zizRs, usasoobas.
specialurad e.w. axali demokratiis qveynebisTvisaa gankuTvnili iafiani da uxarisxo
saqonlis, magaliTad, `spraitisa~ da `fantas~ reklamebi, romelTa araeTikuri,
zizRis momgvreli siuJetebiT Sokirebuli mayurebeli srul apaTiaSi vardeba.
toni xels uwyobs reklamis efeqturobas. dabali tonis pirobebSi, saukeTeso
zegavlenisaTvis reklamam mayurebels unda uCvenos misive `ZaRluri cxovreba~, rom
piri, romelic reklamaSi figurirebs, iseTivea, `rogorc yvela~. es ki
gansxvavebulobis uarmyofisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania. is swored imitom iyidis
reklamirebul saqonels, rom mas `yvela yidulobs~. am TvalsazrisiT Zalze
efeqturia politikuri reklama, romelic socialur problemebze, arsebulis
kritikaze da misi Secvlisken mowodebazea orientirebuli. rogorc wesi, aseTi
reklama opoziciuri partiebis samoqmedo arsenalSia.
politikuri reklama calke saubris Temaa, magram aucileblad unda SevniSnoT,
rom dRes igi, umetesad, arakeTilsindisieri, araeTikuri meTodebiT, e. w. `Savi
fiariT~ iqmneba da, arcTu iSviaTad, samarTlebriv normebsac arRvevs. xSiria
dezinformaciis, konkurentis reputaciis Selaxvis, auditoriis winaSe misi

78
komprometirebis SemTxvevebi. qarTul politikasa da satelevizio Tu sxva
mediasaSualebebSi amgvari magaliTebi sakmaod moipoveba. marTalia, saqarTveloSi
arsebobs sakanonmdeblo debulebani, romlebic aregulireben sareklamo
saqmianobis warmarTvas (saqarTvelos kanoni `reklamis Sesaxeb~ miRebulia 1998 wlis
18 Tebervals), magram Cvenma sinamdvilem araerTxel gviCvena, rom marto
sakanonmdeblo dadgenilebebs ar ZaluZs viTarebis sasikeTod Semobruneba.
yvela es darRveva mTeli sicxadiT gamovlinda 2008 wlis 5 ianvris, saarCevno
bataliebisas. politikosebi erTmaneTs sareklamo sloganebiT epaeqrebodnen, _
urTierTgamomricxavi lozungebiT cdilobdnen eleqtoratze zemoqmedebas.
saarCevno kampania opoziciam, Cveulebisamebr, negatiuri, mamxilebeli klipebiT
warmarTa (`ityueba!~; `Sexede, ra dReSi xar!~ da a.S.). xolo saxelisuflebo
kandidatis imijmeikerebma sxva taqtika arCies: Semtevi sareklamo kampania gaaCaRes
da nacvlad pozitiurze aqcentirebisa, wina planze socialuri problemebi
wamoswies. amiT, garkveulwilad, opoziciuri `niSis~ qveS aRmoCndnen.
ukanasknelma wlebma kidev erTi tendencia gamokveTa _ politikosis pozitiuri
imijis SeqmnaSi gansakuTrebul rols reklamis efeqturi forma _ musikaluri klipi
asrulebs. gavixsenoT moqalaqeTa kavSiris saarCevno kampaniisTvis Seqmnili
`gixaroden!~, didi popularobiT sargeblobda agreTve `axali memarjveneebis~
saregistracio nomris _ 38 mixedviT Seqmnili musikaluri klipi (ix. m. lomiZe,
`politikuri reklamis mTavari Strixebi~, `Jurnalisturi Ziebani~, t. VII, gv. 92-99).
winamorbedT arc amjerad CamorCnen da sayovelTaod atacebuli `miSa magaria!~
SemogvTavazes. es TviTmiznuri enobrivi `inovacia~ ki sxva araferia, Tu ara
Cveulebrivi Jargoni, romelic metyvelebis demokratizaciis yalb simptomad unda
CaiTvalos.
Tuki Cveni masmediis sivrce gajerebulia maRali qceviTi tonisaTvis saxasiaTo
sareklamo produqciiT, es sulac ar niSnavs, rom reklamirebuli saqoneli
momxmareblis interesTan SesabamisobaSia. gavixsenoT Tundac samSeneblo kompania
`centr pointi jgufis~ sareklamo rgoli, sadac SeRavaTiani pirobebis reklamirebas
eweva kompaniis erT-erTi saxe, erTob karikaturuli garegnobiT _ zedgamoWrili
`korufcioneris~ tipaJi, gamaZRris TviTkmayofili ieriT. aq, uTuod, `bedis
nebierisadmi~ gaRizianebis faqtori amuSavdeba. aseTi reklama momxmareblis mxolod
garkveul kategoriazea gaTvlili da, Sesabamisad, araefeqturia. komunikacia
momxmarebeli _ saqoneli, metwil, darRveulia, radgan mosaxleobis umravlesoba
socialurad daucvelia da duxWir yofaSia. ase rom, reklamis upirvelesi principi _
masStaburoba da masobrioba ugulebelyofilia.
reklamis moqmedebis principi aseTia: vTqvaT, televizorSi Zalian saintereso
films uyurebT. daZabuloba zRvars aRwevs, e.i. tonic da analitikuri potencialic
Zalian maRalia. uceb films sareklamo rgoli wyvets. ra xdeba? RiziandebiT, Tqveni
toni mkveTrad (gaucnobiereblad) ecema, analitikuri potenciali sustdeba,
Sesabamisad, hipnabelurobis (individumze hipnozuri zemoqmedebis) xarisxi izrdeba.
garkveuli drois Semdeg toni aRdgeba. es vardna TavSi uros moxvedris tolfasia.
saqmis kargad mcodnem icis, rom calkeuli sareklamo rgolebiT Wra ufro
momgebiania, vidre blokebad misi gaSveba, radgan meti zegavlena swored mowinave
reklamas aqvs.
normalur viTarebaSi saxelmwifo da masmedia, piriqiT, calkeul sareklamo
tixars blokur meTods amjobineben da amiT mosaxleobis fsiqikas ufrTxildebian
(samwuxarod, es mxolod dasavluri poliarqiebis praqtikaSi gvxvdeba). iwyeba brZola
(did britaneTSi, magaliTad, is saxelmwifos sasargeblod dasrulda: televiziaSi
reklamiT gadacemebis gaWra kanoniT ikrZaleba). CvenTan gadacemebs Soris blokuri
tixvris principi ukanasknel wlebSi mTlianad amoiRes da gadacemebis SigniT
moaTavses. Wrac xdeba da blokuri principic daculia. kanoniT SezRudulia
reklamis gaSvebis sixSire erTi gadacemis ganmavlobaSi, magram es SezRudva sakmaod
dausabuTebelia. ruseTis sazogadoebrivma arxma Tematuri Wris meTodi SeimuSava,
rac, principSi, naklebi zianis momtania. igive tendenciis damkvidrebas cdilobs
qarTuli sazogadoebrivi arxic, im gansxvavebiT, rom sakuTari teleproduqciis
reklamirebaze metad, aq didi adgili saagitacio kampanias eTmoba, romelSic
auditoriaze faruli zemoqmedebisaTvis warmatebiT gamoiyeneba enobrivi

79
manipulaciebi. socialuri Zalauflebis am instruments adresanti saWiroebisamebr
mimarTavs.
sruliad sawinaaRmdgos amtkicebs `meoce saukunis kulturis leqsikonis~
avtori v. rudnevi. igi reklamis fsiqoTerapiul funqciaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas da
mis fsiqoseqsualuri ganviTarebis stadiebTan kavSirze miuTiTebs. rudnevis azriT,
reklama adamianis infantiluri gangaSis Cacxrobisa da nevrotuli libidos
realizebis saSualebaa, xolo gangaSis moxsnis Semdeg, cxovrebaSi yvelaze
mniSvnelovani, normaluri erotikuli kontaqtisaken gzis gamkvalavi. rudnevi
reklamis momxmareblis kategoriebad dayofisas froidiseul Teorias eyrdnoba da
sakuTari hipoTezis marTebulobas fsiqoTerapiis ZiriTadi funqciiT xsnis: aiZulos
adamianis cnobiereba, miiRos cxovrebisagan SeTavazebuli informacia. aqedan
askvnis, rom sareklamo teqstis specifika enTropiis (informaciis TeoriaSi:
situaciis winadawin ganusazRvrelobis sazomi. mag., cda, romlis Catarebamde
rezultati zustad araa cnobili) informaciad qcevisas vlindeba. amasTan, reklama
warmoaCens mxolod imas, rac `kargia~, magram arasdros _ rac `cudia~. martivad rom
vTqvaT, gviCvenebs harmoniis qaosze gamarjvebis process. aseTia rudneviseuli
`moZRvrebis~ logika (ix. В. Руднев, ,,Метафизика рекламы~, журнал ,,Реклама и жизнь~ №4,
2000г.).
daTanxmeba Znelia, Tumca, raRa Tqma unda, nebismier Tvalsazriss aqvs arsebobis
ufleba. am logikiT, yoveli qmedeba _ iqneba es bavSvisTvis wvenis SeZena, colisTvis
_ sarecxi manqanis Tu sayvareli qalisTvis _ pomadisa, _ cxovrebis harmonizebiT
nazRaurdeba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, winaRobaTa miuxedavad, adamians yofiT da
kulturul gadarCenas hpirdeba. verafers vityviT, reklamis gakeTilSobilebis
Tavdauzogavi mcdelobaa, rac iseTive utopiad gveCveneba, rogorc gulubryvilo
azri, TiTqosda, xvalidan msoflio `denTis kasrze jdomas~ gadaifiqrebso.
yvelaferi, rac iTqva, eleqtronul medias Seexeboda, ufro sworad,
satelevizio sareklamo produqcias. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom beWdviTi media am
mxrivac Tmobs poziciebs eleqtronulis sasargeblod. Tumca, es erTi SexedviT.
reklamis SemkveTTaTvis presa kvlav mimzidvelia. isini erTmaneTs xels banen. amas is
faqtic adasturebs, rom gazeTis mkiTxvels SeuZlia konkretuli reklamis
ugulebelyofa weliwadSi 364 dRis ganmavlobaSi, magram, roca erT dRes am reklamiT
SeTavazebuli momsaxureba dasWirdeba, es SeiZleba gazeTis wakiTxvis erTaderTi
mizezic gaxdes.
rakiRa vizualuri Jurnalistikis beWdviTTan upiratesobaze Camovarda
saubari, SevniSnavT: dRes mTel msoflioSi presas aRsasruls uwinaswarmetyveleben.
amerikis gazeTebis asociaciis lobistma erT-erT kongresmens ase mimarTa:
`gamarjoba, me dinozavrebs warmovadgen~ (`CaeWideT presas~, gv. 265). am sevdarenarev
xumrobaSi problemis mTeli simwvave igrZnoba. xumroba realobad rom ar iqces,
beWdviTi mediac, vindelbandis Tqmisa ar iyos, filosofiasaviT “mefe liris”
mdgomareobaSi rom ar aRmoCndes, sxva mravalTan erTad, saimedo kontrargumentad
migvaCnia is faqti, rom sagazeTo masalaSi reportiorebi sul ufro metad cdiloben
televiziiT gadmocemuli ambebis axali kuTxiT danaxvas, movlenebSi CaRrmavebas.
beWdviT medias sxva upiratesobebic aqvs, magram vTvliT, rom es faqtori erTgvari
biZgis mimcemi iqneba televiziis gavlenisagan mis gasaTavisufleblad,
analitikurobisken Semosabruneblad, radgan swored `drois elementebis gaqrobaSi~
(iSviaTia SemTxveva, rom romelime gazeTi xalxs mniSvnelovan informacias
eleqtronul mediaze adre awvdides) gamoixata eleqtronuli mediis beWdviTTan
yvelaze didi upiratesoba.
amasTan, gasaTvaliswinebelia amerikuli mediis, rogorc saaxalambebo
Jurnalistikis, Tavisebureba. aq masmedia aRiqmeba, rogorc, umTavresad, axali
ambebis gavrcelebis saSualeba da ara ideisa. komentari, polemika da publicistika
ar aris aqtualuri im qveynebSi, sadac presa Camoyalibda rogorc komerciuli
informaciis wyaro. ase xdeboda aSS-Si, holandiaSi, did britaneTSi, kanadaSi,
avstraliaSi anu e.w. proamerikul qveynebSi. sxvagan ki, sadac formaciul cvlilebebs
win uZRoda xangrZlivi politikuri brZola, Jurnalistika literaturul-
politikuri polemikis asparezad iqceoda. amitom iyo, rom italia, espaneTi,
germania, safrangeTi, ruseTi da sxva aRmosavleT evropuli qveynebi, maT Soris
saqarTveloc, prioritetulad Tvlidnen analitikuri Jurnalistikis ganviTarebas

80
(gavixsenoT, magaliTad: hainrix haines drois makritikebeli literaturul-
publicisturi werilebi, `kixotizmis~ koncefciis avtoris, migel de unamunos
erovnuli problematikiT aRbeWdili publicisturi gamosvlebi; an kidev,
ideologiuri dapirispirebis fonze, me-19 saukunis 90 _ iani wlebidan moyolebuli,
TiTqmis me-20 saukunis pirvel meoTxedamde, cnobil qarTvel sazogado moRvaweebs,
mwerlebsa da publicistebs Soris presiT gaCaRebuli umwvavesi polemika da a. S.). ase
Seiqmna ori mimarTuleba _ axali ambebisa da problemur-analitikuri Jurnalistika.
dRes presis amerikanizebisken aSkarad gamoxatul swrafvas, pirvel yovlisa, swored
saaxalambebo Jurnalistikis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba adasturebs.
problemis arsSi ukeT gasarkvevad moxmobili, am erTgvari istoriuli
wanamZRvrebis CvenebiT, naTlad ikveTeba realuri suraTi, arCevnis simwvave _
davSordeT warsul gamocdilebas, uari vTqvaT inteleqtualur gamocemebze da
saaxalambebo Jurnalistikis primati vaRiaroT, Tu es ori Janrobrivi saxesxvaoba
erTmaneTTan movarigoT? sxvaTa Soris, analogiuri kiTxvebi Tavad Jurnalistikis
dasavlel Teoretikosebsac ebadebaT. `krisCen saiens monitoris~ avtori dante kini
am problemis miRma ufro seriozul da gansazRvrul tendencias amCnevs. cifrebis
logikaze dayrdnobiT igi amerikis amJamindeli sainformacio kulturis pirobebSi
`karamelgadasxmuli~ gamocemebis (e.w. `meinstrimi~ _ pop-media) revanSze saubrobs
da svams kiTxvas: `xom ar emuqreba amerikas im qveynad gadaqceva, sadac mxolod
adamianTa mcire raodenobas eqneba sakmarisi codna, raTa gaazrebuli arCevani
gaakeTos arCevnebze, xolo umravlesobis codna mxolod saimisod iqneba sakmarisi,
raTa `varskvlavuri movlenebis adgilebidan~ miRebuli reportaJebi zepirad
gaimeoros.” (gaz. `rezonansi~, 1 marti, 2007 w., gv. 11).
problema ufro naTlad warmoCndeba, Tuki statistikas movixmobT: SeerTebuli
Statebi ganviTarebul qveynebs Soris mkiTxvelTa raodenobis mixedviT bolo
adgilzea. `yvela, vinc sagamomcemlo saqmesTanaa dakavSirebuli, SeSfoTebiT
uyurebs momavals, _ ambobs riCmondis `taims-dispeCeris~ erT-erTi redaqtori en
merimeni. `wera-kiTxvis ucodinrobis saSinlad maRali done da axali Taobis
televiziaze mijaWvuloba mcire safuZvels gvaZlevs imedi viqonioT, rom beWdviTi
sityva kidev didxans darCeba komunikaciis mTavar saSualebad~. (`CaeWideT presas~,
gv. 261-262). vfiqrobT, aq komentari zedmetia. da sanam `dinozavrebi~ CvenSi jer kidev
dadian, es problema seriozuli gansjis sagnad unda vaqcioT.
isev reklamaze beWdviT mediaSi: aq viTareba imgvaria, rogorc es gazeTebze
reklamis zewolis Sesaxeb msjelobisas, Jurnalistikis amerikelma Teoretikosma
filip meierma warmoaCina. misi moswrebuli SeniSvniT, `Tu gazeTis pirvel gverdze
naTqvamia, rom diasaxlisi Sotlandiuri nagazisgan dafexmZimda, Sida gverdebi
gadaSaleT da reklamas gadaxedeT.. iq SexvdebiT sareklamo gancxadebebs, romlebic
gamiznulia im xalxisTvis, vinc yvelafers daijerebs, magaliTad, imas, rom ama da am
firmis tabletebiT SesaZlebelia wonis dakleba ZilSi (jon maqsvel hamiltoni,
jorj krimski, `CaeWideT presas~, Tb., 2004 w., gv. 46)~. aqedan daskvna: reklamis xarisxi
gazeTis xarisxzea damokidebuli, anu, magaliTidan gamomdinare, yvelaze
upasuxismgeblo SemkveTebi reklamis gansaTavseblad upasuxismgeblo gazeTebs
iyeneben.
qarTul presasac SevexmianoT: roca gazeTis pirvel gverdze, publikaciaTa
anonsSi, kiTxulobT: `jaba wulaZe: sad iyvnen nina wkrialaSvili da anri joxaZe, roca
me saqveynod gavSiSvldi!~ _ nu gagikvirdebaT, Tu amave gazeTis Sida furclebidan
sareklamo gancxadeba gamcnobT, rom “wignis Taros Seemata seriidan `kanonieri
qurdis cxovreba~. mkiTxvelma miiRo leri musxelaZis romani-deteqtivi
`mizansacdenili saxelobiTi tyvia~. (gaz., `asaval-dasavali~, №12, 2008 w., gv. 35).
ar unda daviviwyoT, rom reklama, TavisTavad, sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebaa da
igi gazeTis yidviTunarianobas zrdis. masmediis istorikosebis maikl da edvin
emerebis TqmiT, kolonialur epoqaSi reklamis SemkveTebma `swrafad gaacnobieres,
rom sareklamo gancxadeba martivad unda JRerdes, raTa misi gageba mkiTxvelTa
umravlesobam SeZlos.. amas garda, isini mixvdnen, raoden mniSvnelovania saqonlis
mimzidvelad warmoCena. isini atarebdnen eqsperimentebs Sriftis, ilustraciebis,
ferebisa da teqstis cvliT. presa Zalian unda umadlodes am praqtikos
fsiqologebsa da mxatvar-grafikosebs ( maikl emeri, edvin emeri, `presa da amerika:
masmediis istoriis ganmartebiTi istoria~, prentis holi, 1996w., gv. 47).”

81
 vizualuri komunikaciebis udides mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebda umberto eko,
rodesac semiologiur analizSi lingvistikis rolis Sesaxeb damkvidrebulis
sawinaaRmdegod SeniSnavda: yvela komunikaciuri fenomeni rodi aixsneba
lingvisturi kategoriebis meSveobiTo ( Эко У., ,,Отсутствующая структура: Введение в
семиологию~, СПб., 1998, c.121 ). igi gvTavazobs leqsikodebis anda meoradi kodebis
cnebiT gaZlierebul komunikaciis models, romelTa miRma eko sxvadasxva warmoSobis
damatebiT konotatiur mniSvnelobebs gulisxmobs. masobrivi kulturis konteqstSi
komunikaciebis Temas italielma semiologma calkeuli kvlevebi miuZRvna ( ix.: Эко У.,
,,О членениях кинематографического кода//Строение фильма~, -М., 1985).
man SemogvTavaza komunikaciis modelirebisaTvis arsebiTi saerTo modelebi,
agreTve konkretuli modelebi vizualuri komunikaciisaTvis. erTic da meorec
metad mniSvnelovania reklamisa da fiaris specialistebisaTvis. umberto eko
reklamisaTvis r. iakobsonis mier Camoyalibebul enis eqvs funqcias gamoyofs:
emotiurs, referentuls, fatiurs, metalingvisturs, esTetikurs, imperatiuls.
yvelaze mniSvnelovani maTgan emotiuri da esTetikuria, razedac reklama igeba (Эко
У., ,,Отсутствующая структура~ с. 179).
reklamis semiologiur modelebze erT-erTma pirvelma rolan bartma
gaamaxvila yuradReba. 1964 wels man firma `panZanis~ sareklamo plakatis dReisTvis
klasikurad aRiarebuli analizi SemogvTavaza ( Барт Р., ,,Риторика образа~//избранные
работы.Семиотика, Поетика, -М.,1989 г.,с.301). masze asaxuli sursaTis Ria baduridan
moCanda: ori kolofi makaroni, sousiani qila, pomidvrebi, xaxvi, wiwakebi,
Sampinionebi da sxva produqtebi. Tu Tavad produqtebi yviTel-mwvane ferebSi iyo
gamosaxuli, fonad wiTeli feri aerCiaT. pirveli informacia cxadad gamoiTqmoda: es
gamosaxulebis qvemoT da etiketebze gakeTebuli warwera iyo. meore informacia,
romlis formulirebac SesaZloa, rogorc `bazris dalaSqvra~, axali produqtebis
gamosaxviT sacnaurdeboda. Tavmoyrili produqtebi da qilis sousi firma `panZanis~
kvebis produqtebisadmi kompleqsur midgomaze metyvelebdnen. esec kidev erTi
informacia. momdevno informaciad iqca plakatis ferebis italiis droSis ferebTan
Tanxvedra, rac mis `italiurobas~ amtkicebda.
r. barti xazs usvams vizualuri (xatweriTi) da verbaluri niSnebis
gansxvavebulobas. praqtikaSi Tavdapirvelad mainc gamosaxulebas vkiTxulobT da
ara teqsts, _ ase miiCnevs frangi semiologi da verbaluri teqstis roli, sabolood,
vizualuris damazusteblis funqciamde dayavs (r. barti, dasax. naSromi, iqve).
umberto eko Tvlis, rom reklama yovelTvis iyenebda vizualur niSnebs
damkvidrebuli mniSvnelobiT, riTic provocirebas uwevda Cveul asociaciebs,
romlebic ritorikuli wanamZRvrebis rols asrulebdnen. magaliTad, bavSviani
axalgazrda col-qmris gamosaxuleba gviqmnis warmodgenas, rom `araferia ojaxur
bednierebaze mSvenieri~ da Sesabamisad, gvaZlevs arguments _ `Tu am produqtiT
bednieri ojaxi sargeblobs, ratom ar akeTebT Tqvenc amasve?~ ( u. eko, dasax. naSromi,
gv. 107)
sareklamo teqstebis xarisxis asamaRleblad erT-erTi umTavresi gza maTi
lingvisturi eqspertizaa_sanimuSoTa Seswavla, xolo warumatebelTa kritika.
cnobilia, rom enobrivi normebi qmnian komunikaciuri normebis sabaziso dones,
romelzedac stilistikur normebs vaSenebT. es ukanasknelni zogjer
winaaRmdegobaSi modian mTavarTan da imarjveben kidec.
Cveni azriT, qarTul saliteraturo enaSi ukve formirebulia axali funqciuri
stili, romlis wamyvan stilur niSnad utilitaruloba gvevlineba da romelsac
sareklamos vuwodebT. am stilis normaTa darRvevad unda miviCnioT Sefasebis
hiperbolizeba, agreTve uadgilo kancelarizmebi, sagazeTo kliSeebi, umarTebulo
kalkebi, Jargoni, barbarizmebi, araswori sityvawarmoeba da sxva leqsikur _
stilistikuri darRvevebi.
xSirad saqme uzusto reklamasTan gvaqvs. es maSin xdeba, rodesac sareklamo
produqcias, usafuZvlod, aRmatebiTi xarisxis terminologiiT moixsenieben.
magaliTad, sityvebi: `yvelaze~, `mxolod~, `saukeTeso~, `absoluturi~, `erTaderTi~,
`gamorCeuli~ da sxva misTanani. swored masobrivi auditoriis SecdomaSi Seyvanis
mcdelobebia da sxva araferi. am savalalo viTarebaze mianiSnebda mwerali, roca
ambobda: `calke sasaubroa dRevandeli tendencia, romelsac amJRavnebs is

82
qarafSutuli reklamebi, romelTac SeiZleba saerTo devizi moeZebnos: kidev ufro
gemrieli, kidev ufro tkbili!
sad aris gemos da sitkbos zRvari? anda ras niSnavs kidev ufro gemrieli an
kidev ufro tkbili? es uazro jiriTi mets arafers niSnavs, garda imisa, rom
daakargvinon adamians namdvili gemo da namdvili sitkboeba. gemos Sesaxeb unda
hkiTxoT imaT, romlebmac bolomde daicves, vTqvaT, aRdgomiswina marxva da
saaRdgomo sufraze gemos usinjaven nakurTx wiTel kvercxebs, yvels, xorcs da
Rvinos. sul sxva gemo aqvs nayofs, xelTa SenTa mier moweuls (erlom axvlediani,
`Zveli da axali~, `dilis gazeTis~ gamomc., 2003 weli, gv.109).”
arcTu iSviaTia reklamis araeTikurobis SemTxvevebi, romlebic zneobis
sayovelTao normebis damrRvev teqstur, vizualur da xmovan informacias Seicaven.
gvxvdeba, magaliTad, sareklamo siuJetebi, sadac qali-personaJi saqonlisadmi
yuradRebis misapyrobad, erotikul grZnobebs aRZravs, riTac qalTa sqesis mimarT
momxmareblur damokidebulebas gamoxatavs. aseTi reklama, cnobil rus Jurnalistsa
da analitikoss rom davesesxoT, seqspluataciis gamovlineba gaxlavT (Е.С. Кара-
Мурза, ,,Русский язык в рекламе~ //Портал ,,Русский язык~ 2000-2001). samamulo produqciidan
gavixsenoT erT-erTi avejis saxlis multiplikaciuri sareklamo rgoli da
misamReri fraza _ refreni: `miyide, ra..~, romelic, sakmaod didi xnis manZilze,
warmatebiT gadaicemoda qarTuli eleqtronuli mediasaSualebebiT. Tu am
SemTxvevaSi erotikulobas iumoristuli konteqsti `amsubuqebda~, ase vTqvaT,
SarJul sixalases matebda, santeqnikisa da sayofacxovrebo nivTebis galerea
`damasis~ sareklamo siuJeti iseTi aSkara, Sokismomgvrelad agresiuli erotizmiT
iyo gajerebuli (vnebis eqstaziT erTianad atanili, macdurad mrokavi axalgazrda
qali), rom zemoqmedebis efeqturobaze laparakic ki zedmetia.
sareklamo produqciis Seqmnisas gasaTvaliswinebelia agreTve auditoriis
socialuri Semadgenloba. socioleqtis adeqvaturi arCevani reklamis warmatebis
ucilobeli pirobaa. zogjer, kritikisas am faqtors ar iTvaliswineben. es ufro
sareklamo `aRmoCenebs~ exeba. magaliTad, cnobili slogani _ okazionalizmi
(SemTxveviToba, moulodneloba. laT. occasio _ SemTxveva) `wausnikerse!` _ bazris
gansazRvrul segmentze, axalgazrdobazea gaTvlili. magram Tu igi bunebrivi
rusulisTvis originaluri mignebaa (`Сникерсни!~), xelovnuri da araadeqvaturia
qarTuli bazrisaTvis. saerTodac, axalgazrduli auditoriisaTvis gankuTvnili
reklamebi agresiulobiTa da imperatiuli toniT gamoirCeva, rasac, xSirad, kvlav
eTikurobis problemasTan mivyavarT. SeuZlebelia mSvidad ucqiroT Cipsebi `luqsis~
sareklamo siuJets, sadac `Seyvarebuli~ vaJi gembanze, satrfosTan alersisas,
cnobili `titanikis` scenas rom imeorebs, erTi Sekvra Cipsis gamo xels uSvebs da
sasikvdilod imetebs gogonas! fataluri aRsasrulisgan mas mxolod auzi ixsnis
(sakulto reJisori aq ra mosatania, magram aseTi `Savi iumori~ mxolod tarantinos
usazRvro fantazias SeeZlo aRmoecenebina. kidev kargi, rom mas gastronomiuli
interesebi jer ar awuxebs).
unda iTqvas, rom Targmnis problema qarTuli sareklamo industriis aqilevsis
quslia. aq iseT `margalitebs~ waawydebiT, TviT yvelaze gamousworebel optimistsac
guls aucruebs. ar arsebobs gramatikuli norma, romelic ar irRveva. saqme
kuriozebamdec midis. umarTebulo kalkis `klasikur~ nimuSad dRemde rCeba
Sokoladi `milkas~ reklama: `ai, ratom milkas aqvs aseTi gemrieli gemo!~. rac yvelaze
gansacvifrebelia, kalkirebisas xelovnurad gaberili winadadebebi, upirvelesad,
reklamis SemkveTTa qisaze aisaxeba. arada, sityvasityviTi Targmanis sxarti,
gaqarTulebuli konstruqciiT Canacvlebisas drosac davzogavT da, Sesabamisad,
fulsac (yoveli saeTero wuTi xom zRaprulad Zviria!). marTalia, am SemTxvevaSi
teqnikuri xasiaTis problemac iCens Tavs, teqsti (xma) gamosaxulebas unda
Tanxvdebodes, magram uxeSi Secdomebis gasworeba xom SeiZleba?
sareklamo teqstis Sefasebis kriteriumebis gansazRvrisas, sareklamo
kanonmdeblobasa da korporatiuli regulirebis dokumentebTan erTad
umniSvnelovanesi swored enobrivi normebis dacvaa. amasTan, nebismieri darRveva
SeiZleba ganvixiloT, erTi mxriv, rogorc Secdoma da teqstis avtoris arasaTanado
kompetencia, xolo, meore mxriv, _ rogorc eqspresema, enobrivi TamaSi
(gamoricxuli araa, tropuli azrovnebis nimuSTanac gvqondes saqme).

83
 logikisa da gramatikuli normebis darRvevis magaliTi `TamaSis~ xasiaTs iZens
mobiluri qselebis kompania “magTis” gonebamaxvilur sareklamo rgolSi sloganiT _
`gadmoreke!~ am SemTxvevaSi, gramatikuli normis darRveviTa (erT SemTxvevaSi,
telefonze saubris aRsaniSnavad, zmnur formas `da~ zmniswinis nacvlad
umarTebulod (rusulis kalki) `gadmo~ daerTvis, xolo meoregan igive zmna _
sruliad marTebulad _ konkretul qmedebas, cxvris faris gadmorekvas aRniSnavs)
da sityvaTa TamaSiT miviReT SesaniSnavi kalamburi da STambeWdavi sareklamo
siuJeti. igive SeiZleba iTqvas sareklamo rgolze `magTi sazRvrebis gareSe~ (erTi
mxriv, sazRvari, rogorc geografiuli termini da sazRvari, rogorc
SemousazRvravis gamomxatveli). saerTodac, unda aRvniSnoT, rom kompania “magTis”
sareklamo produqcia gamorCeulad daxvewilia, rogorc teqstobrivi, aseve
vizualuri TvalsazrisiT. TiToeul maTgans, gadauWarbeblad, mini-filmic SeiZleba
ewodos.
gramatikuli normebis ganzrax darRvevis aseTive warmatebuli nimuSia cnobili
evropuli brendis, `vestelis~, sareklamo slogani: `Happy vestel to jou~. ver
vityviT igives kompania `jeoselis~ `aRmoCenaze~ _ `zumi _ Tqveni ganzumileba~.
aqve SemogTavazebT sareklamo teqstebSi enobriv _ stilistikuri normebis
ugulebelyofis tradiciul nimuSebs, romlebic met-naklebad TiTqmis yvelgan
dasturdeba:
Seusabamo msazRvrel-sazRvruli:
mdgradi tradicia
uebro gemo
survilis gemo
obieqturi fasebi
daxvewili gemovnebis cocxali musika
moZravi goneba
axali siurprizi
qarTuli Rvinis Sesma
mravalferovani tkivili
intensiuri feri
avejis lamazi momavali da a.S. da a.S.
albaT gecnoT amonaridebi sareklamo teqstebidan, romlebiTac gajerebulia
qarTuli mediasivrce. es CamonaTvali usasrulod SeiZleba gagrZeldes.
gramatikulTan erTad azrobrivi Secdomebic ikveTeba. ase magaliTad, sadaurobisa
da warmomavlobis aRmniSvneli sufiqsebis aRrevasTan gvaqvs saqme sareklamo
teqstSi: `ristoni _ namdvili inglisuri Cai ceilonidan~. unda iyos: `ceilonuri Cai
inglisidan~ (ramdenadac viciT, inglisSi Cais kulturis moyvana jer ar dauwyiaT).
xSiria ori da ramdenime sazRvrulis msazRvrelTan ricxvSi SeuTanxmeblobis
SemTxvevebi. mag: “kinoTeatri rusTaveli da amirani~; zogjer sareklamo siuJetis
personaJebi sruliad Seuferebeli, sagazeTo kliSeebiT metyveleben. magaliTad,
samSeneblo kompania `teqs-jgufis~ kompleqsis `bakuriani teqsis~ reklamaSi ojaxis
diasaxlisi ambobs: `sul vocnebobdi aseT saxlze, aseTi adgilmdebareobiT..~. rom
eTqva: `am adgilas saxlze sul vocnebobdi..~ _ ufro bunebrivi da damajerebeli
iqneboda.
xSiria agreTve mravalsityvaobis magaliTebi, rac, ZiriTadad, kalkirebis
Sedegia: `neoangini Caaqrobs xanZars Tqvens yelSi~ (Tu maincdamainc, sjobda:
`neoangini CagiqrobT xanZars yelSi~), `evropuli stilis brendebi~ (unda iyos:
`evropuli brendebi~). aseve, umarTebulo tavtologiebi: `vake _ palasi _
mSenebloba dazRveulia sadazRveo kompaniis mier~, `saofise farTebis farTo
arCevani~; araswori sityvawarmoeba: `brendmaRaziebi~; rac Seexeba ucxoenovani
nasesxebi leqsikis gamoyenebas, igi didi doziT ixmareba sareklamo teqstebSi.
yovelive zemoTqmuli, qarTuli enis arcodnasTan erTad, mis upativcemulobaze
migviTiTebs.
dagveTanxmebiT, warmodgenili masala kritikas ver uZlebs. im xarvezebis
CamoTvla, romliTac dRevandeli qarTuli sareklamo industria scodavs, Sors
wagviyvanda. rogorc aRvniSneT, amjerad gansakuTrebulad saxasiaTo nimuSebis
ganxilviT SemovifargleT. es mxolod zRvaSi wveTia da daJinebiT moiTxovs
dauyovnebliv qmedebas, realuri nabijebis gadadgmas mdgomareobis

84
gamosasworeblad. sanam droa, unda SevaCeroT es ganukiTxaoba, dRiTi dRe
moucilebel laqebad rom aCndeba Cvens fsiqikas da angrevs mas.
dasasrul, vityviT, rom sareklamo Jurnalistika Cveni drois realobaa, romlis
Taviseburebebi seriozul Seswavlasa da gaazrebas moiTxovs. Tanamedrove etapze
misi fenomenisadmi mometebuli interesi masobrivi komunikaciis saSualebaTa rolis
zrdasTanaa dakavSirebuli.. mimdinare sazogadoebriv-politikuri procesebis
konteqstSi ki, igi ufro metad aqtualurdeba (reklamis Sinagani, faruli
ideologiuri zegavlenis gamo)..garda komunikaciuri aqtisa, ikveTeba sareklamo da
Jurnalisturi Semoqmedebis araerTi sagulisxmo aspeqti. drois Sesabamisad ixveweba
sareklamo nawarmoebis avtorisa da adresatis urTierTobis formebi, reklamis
sferoSi momuSave Jurnalistis individualuri SesaZleblobebi. imedi viqonioT, rom
gaumjobesdeba reklamis enac da mTlianobaSi _ reklamis xarisxic. da swored
Teoriuli wanamZRvrebis praqtikul kvlevebTan Serwymis Sedegad grovdeba yvela is
saWiro informacia, romelic sareklamo sferoSi efeqturi moRvawobisTvisaa
aucilebeli. Cveni mokrZalebuli mcdelobis mizanic es gaxlavT.
rasakvirvelia, TiToeuli siaxle guldasmiT Tvalyuris midevnebas saWiroebs,
magram ar unda daviviwyoT, rom `yoveli cvlilebis sargeblianoba imiT ki ar izomeba,
rac icvleba, aramed imiT, rac ucvleli rCeba~. swored amitom, Cvens mier araerTgzis
damowmebul umberto ekos kvlav moviSveliebT da visurvebT iseT sareklamo
teqstebs, romlebSic Tavs myudrod vigrZnobT.

85
 xelovneba

koka vaSakiZe

xelovneba Tu, ubralod, asaxva?

mravalwliani dumiliTa da `komunistis~ mkacri cenzuriT, `kosmosis~

kvamlisgan gaWvartlul atelieebs TavSefarebuli qarTuli fotografia
iatakqveSeTidan gamodis da, avad Tu kargad, xelovnebis sxva dargebis gverdiT
Rirseul adgils imkvidrebs. avad, _ radgan qarTuli sazogadoebis meti nawili
fotografiasa da fotoxelovnebas jer kidev erTmaneTisgan mijnavs. zogs moswons
fotografia da termini _ `fotoxelovneba~ yurTasmenas sulac ar uRizianebs. zogi
Semoqmedebis am sferos gandidebis Jinsaa ayolili da problemis simZimes ver
iazrebs. ZiriTadad ki, aRniSnul termins Tundac imisTvis iyeneben, rom Tavis droze,
gazeT `komunistSi~ dabeWdili Wreli Zroxebis fotoebi seriozuli namuSevrebisgan
ganasxvaon.
vfiqrobT, aqve unda SevTanxmdeT, rom definicia `fotoxelovneba~ ar arsebobs.
is erTgvari hibridia, romelic, sabednierod, jer kidev inkubaciis periods gadis da
fotografiasTan avTvisebiani simsivnis saxiT Serwymisken miiltvis. ar arsebobs
mxatvari _ xelovani, musikosi _ xelovani, gindac skulptori _ xelovani an kidev
reJisori _ xelovani da arc fotoxelovani arsebobs. am terminis gamoyeneba iseTive
marazmia, rogorc Tanamedrove sasaubro leqsikaSi gamefebuli sityva `marazmis~
gamoyenebis sixSirea marazmi da fotografias iseve Rlis, rogorc Tqven dagRalaT am
winadadebis wertilis molodinma.
problema ise wamovWeriT, TiTqos sxva safiqrali ar iyos da gegoneba, misi
mogvarebisTanave, erTmaneTis miyolebiT, itsmenis da ludvigis dari
fotonamuSevrebis muzeumebi gaixsneba. magram TbilisSi saxeli am SemTxvevaSi saxis
funqcias asrulebs da rogorc sazogadoebriv mauwyebels, upirveles yovlisa,
kadrebis ki ara, minotavris labirinTs damsgavsebuli, siurealisturi logos Secvla
sWirdeba, ise moiTxovs fotografiac sazogadoebisgan ara `TikuniT~, aramed
namdvili saxeliT moxseniebas.
sityva muzeumze CamovagdeT da Cveni valia, gansakuTrebiT optimisturad
ganwyobil mkiTxvels aRtkineba aqve davucxroT. romel mudmivmoqmed
fotomuzeumzea laparaki, roca Tavad xelovnebis muzeumSi, darbazis personalis
mier Senobis bzarSi gaCenili ablabuda orjer metadaa `gafetiSebuli~, vidre
darbazSive eqsponirebuli tiloebi, eqspoziciis yvela kanonis darRveviT romaa
gamofenili. isini verc iqve miniSnebul `ПК~-sa da kandinskis Soris pouloben
sxvaobas da maT erTdroulad, erTi moZraobiT aqceven zurgs. da rogor fiqrobT, ra
aris am SemTxvevaSi `ПК~? realurad arsebuli cecxlsaqrobi saSualeba, e.w. `Пажарный
кран~ Tu `Панихида культуры~? vgoneb, es ukanaskneli ukeT Seefereba. Tumca, aqve unda
aRiniSnos, rom fotogamofenebis ricxvi geometriuli progresiiT matulobs.
qarTveli avtorebis garda, TbilisSi iseTi saxelebic gvinaxavs, rogoric,
magaliTad, jorjo frontone an TviT laslo maholi-naji an kidev bauhauzis skolaa,
rac fotografiis ganviTarebaze, ra Tqma unda, dadebiTad moqmedebs.
problema arc zemoT xsenebuli garemoebis gamo iZens simZafres. bevri kargi
fotografi qarTuli presis furclebze ugzoukvlod ikargeba da es yvelaferi
mxolod imitom, rom fotos, romelic Tqven mogewonaT, avtoris vinaoba, ubralod,
ar aweria. is romeliRac furcelze saWirisuflo siasaviT Camoweril saxel-
gvarebSia Cakarguli da gind `magnumis~ donis fotos waawydeT, romlis avtori
Tundac, Cveni fantaziis nayofi, vinme ivan dedakimovi gaxldeT, verafriT gaarkvevT
mis vinaobas da gulwrfelni rom viyoT, arc Zebnas dauwyebT. xolo Tavad dedakimovi
vin icis, gulSi ras ifiqrebs, roca kargsa da Cveulebriv fotoSi erTnairad, samidan
Svid laramde SesTavazeben. samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs erTi
fotosaagentoc ki, romlis meSveobiTac fotografebi sakuTar uflebebs

86
daicavdnen; sakuTar saxels da produqcias saerTaSoriso arenaze gaitandnen, riTic,
sul mcire, SiSvel enTuziazmze muSaoba mainc ar mouwevdaT.
finansuri TvalsazrisiTac erTi savalalo tendencia SeiniSneba. dRes
saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad e.w. glamuruli da sareklamo fotoebi iyideba, Tu, ra Tqma
unda, reitinguli gazeTis mier SemoTavazebul `samidan Svidamde~-s da
saqvelmoqmedo gamofena-gayidvebze Catarebul PR‐ kampaniebs ar CavTvliT, rac am
Janris fotografiisken sul ufro met Semoqmeds ubiZgebs saarsebo wyaros
mosapoveblad da maT ideebis meore planze gadadebas, faqtiurad, enTuziastis
poziciidan qmedebas aiZulebs. rasakvirvelia, glamursa da reklamaze mTel
msoflioSic didi moTxovnilebaa, gacilebiT meti, vidre saqarTveloSi, magram iq igi
ver axerxebs bazris mTlianad STanTqmas.
arian avtorebi, romlebic uSualod sakuTar Tavze da sakuTari siamovnebisTvis
muSaoben. magaliTad, joil piter vitkini aviRoT. mas arasdros umuSavia dakveTaze
da amasTan, arc finansuri problemebi ganucdia odesme. mizezi martivia _ misi
fotoebi da, kidev kargi, rom ara mxolod misi, adamianebs sulier sazrdod
sWirdebaT da mzad arian am namuSevrebSi aTasobiT dolari an evro gaiRon. rom
aRaraferi vTqvaT maTi avtorobiT gamocemul, mrgvaltiraJian wignebze, romlebic
fulis aranakleb mrgval kupiurebad, erTimeoris miyolebiT icleba wignis
maRaziebis Taroebidan. isic kargad gvesmis _ amis moTxovna saqarTveloSi
jerjerobiT naadrevia. aq arc biznes-garemo da arc socialuri fonia Sesatyvisi.
qveyanaSi yvelasaTvis cnobili problemebi mZvinvarebs da, miuxedavad amisa, mavans
mainc uCndeba survili, fotokamera xelSi aiRos da sakuTari siamovnebisTvis
gadaiRos.
asea Tu ise, bolo wlebSi fotografiiT dainteresebam masobrivi xasiaTi miiRo
da ,albaT, xedvis zedapiruli kuTxis gamo, `saxel-didebis maZiebel~ sul ufro met
adamians uCndeba `martivi~ SemoqmedebiTi procesis Sedegad ukvdavi Sedevris Seqmnis
survili. da mere ra, rom dadebiT movlenaSic moiZebneba uaryofiTi mxareebi. kartie-
bresonis Tqmisa ar iyos: Tqveni Semoqmedebis yvelaze cudi mxare pirveli aTi aTasi
fotoao. am raodenobis fotos gadaRebas ki dro sWirdeba, dro, romelic rCeulebs
gamoavlens da moyvarulebs Tavis adgils miuCens. xolo es ukanasknelni, Tavis mxriv,
eris kulturis ganviTarebaSi sul mcire wvlils mainc Seitanen.
ase rom, fotografias sasaTbure pirobebi Tu ara, dagveTanxmebiT, cotaTi meti
xelSewyoba mainc sWirdeba, radgan dRevandel etapze swored Semoqmedebis es
segmenti gvevlineba Tanamedrove dasavluri kulturis erT _ erT mTavar
lokomotivTaganad Tu ara, erTian saxelovnebo wrebrunvaSi Cabmul ronodad mainc.
igi, garkveulwilad, siaxlecaa, ris xarjzec sazogadoebis arcTu mcire nawilisTvis
xelovnebiT daintereseba kvlav aqtualuri gaxda. rac mTavaria, es nawili Tavadve
iqca Semoqmedad da am SemTxvevaSi, gverwmuneT, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ara aqvs,
profesionalizmis ra niSniT SevafasebT maT.
... Sedevri Tavad mova da mova ise, rom arc ki dagekiTxeba. erTia, rogorc
yvelafer Rirebuls, masac gansakuTrebulad noyieri niadagi uyvars, romlis Seqmnac,
upirveles yovlisa, saqmisadmi uangaro siyvaruliTa da Tavdauzogavi SromiT
SeiZleba.

87
 XX saukunis Teoriuli azris istoriidan

filosofia da literatura

v. podoroga _ b-no derida, Tu winaaRmdegi ar iqnebiT, SeiZleboda Cveni

dRevandeli saubris TemisTvis `filosofia da literatura~1 gvewodebina. vfiqrobT,
igi axlosaa dRevandel Tqvensa da Cvens interesebTan.
J. derida2 _ Tanaxma var. Tumca, saubari, savaraudod, damokidebuli iqneba ori
SesaZleblobidan erT-erTis arCevanze: pirveli Cvengan moiTxovs davrCeT Temis
zogadi amocanis CarCoebSi, meore, da es CemTvis Zalze saintereso iqneboda,
SeiZleboda realizebuliyo, magaliTad, Cemi naSromis calkeuli meTodologiuri
fragmentebis ganxilvaSi, raTa gagverkvia, Tu ramdenad marTebulia isini rusuli
literaturis filosofiuri safuZvlebis kvlevisas.
v. podoroga _ vimedovneb, rom romelime am SesaZleblobaTagan aucileblad
iqneba realizebuli Cvens saubarSi. neba momeciT, CemTvis saintereso erTi
problemiT daviwyo. ukanasknel xans, rusuli literaturis im tradiciis
Seswavlisas, romelic gogolidan iwyeba da dostoevskis gavliT belimde da
platonovamde modis, me ramdenadme moulodnel situacias Sevejaxe: es tradicia,
Zalze mgrZnobiare enisa da misi mniSvnelobis mimarT literaturul saqmianobaSi,
cdilobs gamoiyenos ena mxolod rogorc damxmare saSualeba. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT,
optimalurad iyenebs ra enis unars, igi uaryofs enobrivi onTologiis
SesaZleblobas, anu literaturuli cdis fesvul kavSirs enis gamosaxvelobiT
saSualebebTan. metic, mimdinareobs ganuwyveteli brZola enasTan raRac iseTi
ideebis sademonstraciod, romlebsac ar SeuZliaT ipovon adekvaturi gamoxatuleba
enaSi, `ver ewerebian~ masSi. da yvelaze sayuradRebo isaa, rom es `Cauwerloba~, erTi
mxriv, xvews enas, sul ufro rafinirebuls xdis mas, meore mxriv ki _ amaxinjebs, misi
aRiarebuli normatiuli struqturebis deformirebas axdens. es brZola enasTan
mowmobs, rom brZola mimdinareobs raRac araenobrivi realobisaTvis, romlis
saxeliTac igi (ena _ m.k.) msxverplad ewireba. Tqvens teqstebze fiqrisas, am
mimarTulebiT CemTvis bevri sayuradRebo aRmovaCine: ramdenadac vxvdebi, Tqven
Tqvens kvlevebs warmarTavT ara teqstis lingvisturi realobis doneze da
sxvaTaSoris, arc teqstis, rogorc aseTis doneze, aramed ufro qvemoT, sxvadasxva
mikroteqsturi warmonaqmnebis doneze, sadac enis lingvisturi Zalaufleba Tavis
gavlenas kargavs da teqsti iSleba uwvriles fonetikur da grafikul Semadgenlebad.
realoba, romelic enis miRma dgas, TiTqos qreba TviT enaSi CaRrmavebis kvaldakval.
ramdenad sworia Cemi varaudi, rom analizis Tqveneul meTodSi Segnebulad ambobT
uars topologiur `enaze~?
J. derida _ ras gulisxmobT topologiur enaSi?
v. podoroga _ roca saubarSi es cota uCveulo termini Semomqonda,3
mxedvelobaSi mqonda mxolod erTi ram — raRac iseTi realobis arseboba, romelic
sakuTar imanentur logikas atarebs da romelic ar daiyvaneba enaze, principulad ar
daiyvaneba. Cemi rwmena am enis miRma Tu enamdeli realobis arsebobisa eyrdnoba
rusul literaturul tradiciaSi araerTgzis gamovlenil sivrcis fantazms: yvela
misi imedi, ocneba ufro maRalze da ukeTesze, ase Tu ise, ukavSirdeba
gansakuTrebuli sivrculi xatebis warmoqmnas, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, eWvqveS
ayeneben enisadmi rwmenas. CemTvis naTelia, rom Tqveni espacement (gansivrceba) da is
interpretaciebi, rasac Tqven mravalgan _ wignebSi, statiebSi Tu interviuebSi _
aZlevT am cnebas, topologiuria. rusuli avangardis filosofiaSi me vpoulob
monaTesave cnebebs: tinianovTan `bgeriTi ekvivalentisa~ (saubaria ritmis energiiT
damuxtul im munj strofebze, romlebic xSirad gaxvdeba puSkinis poeziaSi), Ziga
vetrovTan _ `intervalis~ cneba, sergei aizenStainTan _ `atraqcionis~ cneba da a. S.
magram sakiTxavia, ramdenad axlos arian erTmaneTTan am cnebaTa mniSvnelobebi? es
kiTxva kiTxvad rCeba. Tumca vTvli, rom am cnebebiT SeiZleba aixsnas is erTgvari
topologiuri sevda, romelic samamulo kulturaSi arsebobs da ar aZlevs
saSualebas enas, gaaneitralos da daZlios igi. WeSmaritad, mTeli Cveni didi

88
literatura topologiuria. dostoevskis `danaSauli da sasjeli~, andrei belis
`peterburgi~, andrei platonovis `Cevenguri~ TviT xlebniakovis `zangezamde~ _
mTeli es literatura gansakuTrebul sivrceTa literaturaa. enis literaturuli
interpretacia modis sivrculi, topologiuri xatebidan, romlebic TiTqos ukve
mocemuli, xiluli, aRqmulia da romlebic TiTqos aqvea, xelis gawvdenaze. sakmarisia
mxolod ipovo TiToeuli maTganisaTvis gansakuTrebuli ena, ipovo, radac ar unda
dagijdes, Tundac amisTvis axali enis Seqmna an Zvelis damaxinjeba gaxdes saWiro.
J. derida — Sevecdebi, ramdenime sityviT gipasuxoT. upirvelesad, minda Zalze
zogadad giTxraT im daJinebul da TiTqmis gadaulaxav gaugebrobaze, rac enasTan
dakavSirebul Cems namuSevnebs xvdaT wilad. Cveulebriv dekonstruqcias4
warmoadgenen rogorc raRac iseTs, rac uaryofs yvelafer garegans enasTan
mimarTebaSi, rogorc meTods, yvelaferi moaqcios enaSi. zogierTebi ratomRac
amjobineben gansazRvron rogorc `ena~ is, rasac me `teqsts~ vuwodeb. rogorRac ise
moxda, rom davwere: `araferia teqstis gareT~ (miRma _ m.k.). Cems gamonaTqvams ki
Targmnian da ganmartaven ase. `araferia enis gareT~. sinamdvileSi ki, Tuki Zalze
gakvriT da sqematurad vityvi, saqme swored piriqiTaa _ dekonstruqcia daiwyo
logocentrizmis dekonstruqciiT,5 fonocentrizmis dekonstruqciiT,6 imis
mcdelobiT, rom azrovnebas gavanTavisufloT lingvisturi modelis batonobisagan,
romelic erT dros esoden gavleniani iyo _ mxedvelobaSi maqvs 60-iani wlebi. ase
rom, esaa Zalze Rrma da, me vityodi, ideologiurad da politikurad motivirebuli
gaugebroba _ warmoadginon dekonstruqcia rogorc pirdapir sapirispiro imisa, rac
is sinamdvileSi aris. rac Seexeba literaturas, bevri adamiani cdilobs,
literaturis Cemeuli gageba warmoadginos rogorc damokidebuli imaze, rasac isini
referentis SeCerebas7 uwodeben, es ki pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba Cemi Zalisxmevis
mimarTulebas. imisaTvis, rom moxdes logocentrizmisa da lingvisturi modelis
Zalauflebis dekonstruqcia, romelTac maSin Zalze didi gavlena hqondaT, me
momixda Semecvala teqstis cneba, ganmezogadebina igi. ase rom, am SemTxvevaSi
`teqsts~ ukve aRar aqvs sazRvari, ukve aRaraferia misTvis `garegani~. magram ar
SeiZleba teqsti daviyvanoT enaze, enobriv aqtze am sityvis zusti mniSvnelobiT.
aseTia fundamenturi gaugebroba, romelic, vimeoreb, arsebiTad gadaulaxavic kia,
radgan zogierTi dainteresebulia dekonstruqciis kritikiT da sazrdoobs am
gaugebrobiT. da es xdeba yvelgan, dawyebuli safrangeTiT, SeerTebuli StatebiT
damTavrebuli. fuko, magaliTad, cdilobda dekonstruqcia SeezRuda am teqsturi
sivrciT, daeyvana teqsti wignze, imaze, rac qaRaldis furcelzea dawerili.
dekonstruqcias brali edeboda uazro CanafiqrSi, yvelaferi daeyvana wignis
`SigTavsze~. unda vTqva, rom CemTvis enas gaaCnia gareTa mxarec.8 me gamiWirdeba amas
vuwodo ubralod `realoba~, ramdenadac realobis gageba gadatvirTulia rigi
metafizikuri daSvebebiT. axla ki, rac es yvelaze zogadi gancxadeba gavakeTe, me
kvlav mivubrundebi imas, rac valerim (valeri podoroga _ m. k.) Tqva:
vfiqrob, rom principSi araferia dasaZraxi imaSi, rom literaturuli
tradicia, gansakuTrebiT ki is, romelic valerim moixsenia, cdilobs awarmoos
brZola enasTan, eZebos raRac mis sazRvrebs miRma. me vityodi, rom arsebobs raRac,
raRac marTlac arsebobs enis sazRvrebs miRma da yvelaferi interpretaciazea
damokidebuli.
v. podoroga _ enis sazRvrebs miRma teqstia...
J. derida _ diax, magram maSin arsebobs gansxvavebebic, romlebic, faqtobrivad,
sxva araferia, Tu ara gansxvavebebi am `enis sazRvrebs miRma arsebulis~
interpretaciis meTodebs Soris, am yvelafrisadmi enis damokidebulebebs Soris,
teqstisa an kvlebisadmi enis mimarTebebs Soris. is, rasac Cven aq `enis miRma
arsebuls~ vuwodebT, CemTvis, yvelaze farTo gagebiT, niSnavs sxvadasxva teqstebis
kvlebis materias. imis mimarT interesi ki, rasac valeri topologiur enas, enis
sazRvrebs miRma topologiur struqturebs uwodebs, CemTvis struqturulad
gardauvalia (aucilebelia). me am kiTxvis sxvagvar formulirebas SemogTavazebdiT:
rogor gardavqmnaT topologiuri enis garkveuli tipi raRac sxva tipis meSveobiT,
Tanac ise, rom gansxvaveba9 warmoadgendes ara topologiursa da aratopologiurs
Soris opozicias, aramed TviT topologiuri enis SigniT gansxvavebas an opozicias.
amis asaxsnelad me davubrundebi gansivrcebis cnebas. gansivrceba mxolod
intervali araa. sxvaTaSoris, inglisuri sityva spacing-ic sakmaod zustad gamoxatavs

89
azrs. franguli espacement, rogorc me mas viyeneb, imavdroulad intervalis
Riaobasac niSnavs.
n. antonomova _ magram es cneba xom or moments aerTianebs: gamocalkevebas
sivrceSi da Seyovnebas droSi...
J. derida _ diax, swored amas vuwodeb drois-gan-sivrcebas (drois _ sivrced
_ qmnas) _ da es drois saxecvlilebaa sivrceSi. am struqturis farglebSi
SeuZlebelia erTmaneTs davupirispiroT da ganvasxvaoT sivrce da dro. da es
struqtura _ ar vambob, rom igi fundamenturia, magram yvelganmyofia da sruliad
mouxelTebelia cdaSi erTad. igi aramxolod konkretuladaa warmodgenili,
magaliTic, im saxiT, rac aq tininianovTan dakavSirebiT iTqva _ bgeriTi intervalis
mdumare strofiT _ aramed es yvelaferi absoluturad zogadi struqturis
calkeuli saintereso magaliTebia. rogorc ki Cndeba xolme cda, iqve Cndeba raRac
sxvaze miTiTebac, vTqvaT, teqstze, kvalze.10 imisaTvis ki, raTa kvalma datovos
kvali, saWiroa gansivrceba. amitom, Tuki arsebobs siRrmiseuli kavSiri
gansivrcebasa da topologiur enas Soris, maSin, ubralod, SeuZlebelia raime
ocnebac ki reduqciaze, topologiuri enis neitralizaciaze. erTaderTi, ris
gakeTebac SeiZleba vcadoT, es topologiuri enis romeliRac tipis, an gabatonebuli
struqturis gardaqmnaa, an Tundac sivrculi gamocdilebis, enasa da sivrces Soris
urTierTkavSiris Secvlaa. rogorc mogexsenebaT, haidegerma erTgan Tqva, rom TviT
imis arseboba, rasac sivrcul metaforebs vuwodebT, SemTxveviTi araa. ena ver
iarsebebs sivrculi metaforebis gareSe. amdenad, ocneba sivrculi, ganmasivrcebeli
metaforebis reduqciaze an kritikaze Taviseburad metafizikuri ocnebaa. es imas ar
niSnavs, rom Cven unda vaRiaroT nebismieri sivrculi metafora, magram Cven
xelgvewifeba SevcvaloT sivrculi metafora sxva metaforiT, metaforis sxva tipiT.
da kidev erTi momenti: rakiRa saubari sivrcul metaforas exeboda, me Sevecade,
gameanalizebina es problema teqstebSi, romlebic metaforisadmia miZRvnili,
saxeldobr: `TeTri miTologia~, aseve `Le retrait de la metaphore~ da `Geschlecht~. maTSi
Sesulia zogi ram Dasein-is metaforebis garduval sivrculobaze. me namdvilad ar
SemiZlia imis Tqma, Tu rogor unda gaanalizdes es problemebi rusuli literaturis
magaliTze, radgan es Tqveni amocana da Tqveni sakuTari sivrcea. darwmunebuli var,
rom valeris mier moxsenebul literaturul tradiciaSi, gogolidan dawyebuli,
arsebobs specifikuri problemebi, romlebic dayenebas Txoulobs da es isaa, risi
gakeTebac mxolod Tqven SegiZliaT.
n. antonomova _ erTxel SeniSneT, rom gonebis mimarT yvela protesti SeiZleba
formulirebuli iyos mxolod TviT gonebis formebiT (es naTqvami iyo fukos
`sigiJis istoriasTan~ dakavSirebiT, romelic savsebiT `gonivruli~ formiT iyo
dawerili). es paradoqsi yovelTvis mizidavda.11 albaT, igive situaciaa enasTan
mimarTebaSic. vfiqrob, rom nebismieri `brZola enasTan~ SesaZlebelia _ yovel
SemTxvevaSi literaturaSi — mxolod TviT enis formebiT. da maSin aRmoCndeba, rom
nebismieri `zeenobrivi~, maT Soris `sivrculi~ intuiciebi (magaliTad, topologiuri
deformaciebi andrei platonovis enaSi) yovelTvis Cawerili da warmodgenilia ama
Tu im enobrivi formiT. swored am formebis meSveobiT viWerT, vxvdebiT, vaanalizebT
maT. sxva saqmea, rom unda vicodeT maTi daWera, Torem ise gamodis, TiTqos enaSi
araferia TviT enis garda. axla ki _ Cvens problemebze tradiciuli filosofiuri
siuJetebis TvalsazrisiT, romlebic, gvinda Tu ara, dResac cocxlad arseboben
nebismier Cvens mcdelobaSi `viazrovnoT sxvagvarad~. CemTvis piradad, sulac araa
sulerTi enasTan da teqstTan mimarTebaSi Cemi Zalisxmevis epistemologiuri
statusi. xdeba Tu ara raimes Semecneba am dros? ra pirobebSia SesaZlebeli (an
SeuZlebeli) amgvari Semecneba da rogor Seesabamebian erTmaneTs am saqmeSi
individualuri da universaluri, an kidev detalebi, kerZo elementebi da survili _
mogisminon da gagigon? guSindel Tqvens leqciaSi es sakiTxi ase iyo
formulirebuli: SegviZlia Tu ara erTmaneTs SevuTanxmoT, SevusabamoT
`idiomaturi~ da `racionaluri~. SesaZlebelia Tu ara saerTod maT Soris arCevani?
marTlac, erT polusze Cven vejaxebiT uamrav Taviseburebas _ nacionalurs,
kulturuls da a. S. da amas garda, uricxv raodenobas imisa, risi pirdapir arc
gamoTqmaa SesaZlebeli da arc warmodgena. meore polusze ki dgeba TiToeuli
adamianis Rrmad nagrZnobi moTxovnileba ganzogadebisa, gagebisa, AufkLärung
(ganmanaTleboba).12 albaT, dgeba iseTi periodebi, roca kulturis an individis mier

90
am orerTiani amocanis erTi romelime nawili ufro Rirebulad aRiqmeba da maSin
arCevani TiTqos TavisTavad keTdeba, spontanurad. Tumca saqme aqac arc ise
martivia. rogorc ki raime universaluri mdgomareobis dakonkretebas iwyeb, uceb
SeniSnav, ramdenad saxifaToa egzaltirebuli SemarTeba ama Tu im kerZoobiTis
gansjisas, mTlianobis ugulebelyofa. iqneb gviTxraT, rogor afasebT am
SesaZlebloba-SeuZleblobas, metier impossible: sxvaTa Soris, Tuki arCevani marTlac
SeuZlebelia, xom ar niSnavs es imas, rom specifikaciac da universalizaciac
SeiZleba erTi saerTo strategiiT ganxorcieldes? dialeqtikosebi, albaT, zedmeti
sulswrafobis gamo pretenzias acxadeben amaze. rogor mivudgeT problemas, Tuki
misi gadaWra, pirdapir rom vTqvaT, imTaviTve SeuZlebelia?
J. derida _ diax, misi gadaWra SeuZlebelia.
n. avtonomova _ principulad SeuZlebelia? magram es sakiTxi mainc dgas yvela
Cvenganis winaSe.
J. derida _ manam, sanam Tqvens SekiTxvas vupasuxeb, Tanac raRac aucileblad
aradamaimedebels, me xazs gavusvamdi imas, rom gamouTqmeli, is, rasac Tqven
gamouTqmels uwodebT, anu enis uxilavi SesaZleblobebi, guSindel leqciaze rom
vaxsene, araa ubralod enis gareSe arsebuli, idiomisagan mowyvetili ram.
gamouTqmeli, vTqvaT, aq, ruseTSi, an garkveul etapze sabWoTa kavSirSi, mWidrodaa
dakavSirebuli gamoTqmulTan. es araa ubralod neitraluri, araa arc sicariele,
arc raRac negatiuri. gamouTqmeli determinirebulia. igi imTaviTve
determinirebulia Tavisi kavSiris imasTan, rac...
n. avtonomova _ rac gamoiTqmeba?
J. derida _ diax, gamoiTqmeba an represirdeba, Tumca represireba sulac araa
aucilebeli maSinac ki, Tuki gamouTqmeli ganTavsdeba ufro Rrmad, vidre
fsiqikurad gaZevebuli an politikuri da policiuri zewoliT gandevnili.
gamouTqmeli araa yvelaferi, rac mogesurvebaT, es araa ubralod araena, raRac
ubralod ucxo imis mimarT, rac iTqmis an iwereba. da raki asea, Tqven unda, ufro
zustad, Cven unda gavaJReroT es determinirebuli gamouTqmeli imis saSualebiT,
rac iTqmis an ukve iTqva. swored am dros Cndeba ritualuri kiTxva: erTi strategia
arsebobs aseTi artikulaciisa Tu mravali? strategiebi uTuod mravalia. Tu Tqven
migaCniaT, rom SegiZliaT aRmoaCinoT erTi aseTi strategia, darwmunebuli
brZandebodeT, rom igi cudi iqneba. es problema yvela jerze konkretuli
situaciidan gamomdinare unda gadaiWras, aucileblad konkretulidan da
calkeulidan. da es empiriuli mtkiceba ar gaxlavT. magaliTad, dRes es problema
sxvagvarad dgas sabWoTa kavSirisaTvis, vidre, vTqvaT, poloneTis, ungreTis,
rumineTis an aRmosavleT germaniisaTvis. igi gansxvavebulia dasavleT evropasTan
SedarebiTac da ase Semdeg, magram sabWoTa kavSiris SigniTac ki igi araerTgvarovania
sxvadasxva respublikebs Soris da TviT respublikis SigniTac romelime
laboratoriisaTvis da, vTqvaT, danarCeni mecnierebaTa akademiisaTvis,
gansxvavebulia igi sxvadasxva individebisTvisac. ase rom, es araa empiriuli
mtkicebuleba, rakiRa igi gvkarnaxobs strategiis morgebas an misadagebas ki ara,
aramed yovel jerze Tavidan gamogonebas. yovel jerze Cven gvixdeba gamoTqmis
sakuTari saSualebis gamoZebna, sakuTari idiomisa, da Tqveni pasuxic idiomaturia.
saqme isaa, rogor mivusadagoT idiomi sazogado gonebas, sayovelTao gamWvirvale
enas da ase Semdeg _ modernistuli an postmodernistuli Aufklärung-is
(ganmanaTlebloba _ m.k.) idealis Sesabamisad. amrigad, problema isaa, Tu rogor
SevusabamoT idiomis Rirebuleba, romlis garkveuli wili uTargmneli rCeba (aki ar
arsebobs araferi absoluturad uTargmneli da arc absoluturad Targmnili). erTi
sityviT, rogor SeiZleba SevusabamoT erTmaneTs Targmnadi da uTargmneli, rogor
movargoT idiomaturi ena zogad azrovnebasTan, gasaSualebasTan da a. S. magram
pasuxi kiTxvaze _ rogor movargoT gansxvavebuli polusebi _ aseve
araerTgvarovania, araerTgvarovania xelmowerebic maT qveS. es ki imas niSnavs, rom ar
arsebobs zogadi wesi da aravis SeuZlia vinmes zogadi rCeva misces.
n. avntonomova _ am SemTxvevaSi, Tu wesi ara, TviT Targmnis amocana xom rCeba?
J. derida _ ah, amocana. me rom SemeZlos misi gansazRvra yvelaze zogadi saxiT,
mas warmovadgendi ekonomikuri formiT. me vityodi, rom Cven unda vTargmnoT
maqsimumi ufro mdidari idiomisa. CemTvis es saukeTeso saSualebaa Semdegi amocanis
formulirebisaTvis: vTargmnoT yvelaze uTargmneli leqsi erTi enidan meoreze. ra

91
Tqma unda, es Zalze Zneli, TiTqmis SeuZlebeli amocanaa da rogorc aseTs, me mas
Semdegnairad ganvsazRvravdi: SevinarCunoT idioma da SevinarCunoT Targmani,
SevinarCunoT na-Targmnis gamWvirvaleba.
SeiZleba mogveCvenos, rom es SeuZlebelia da terminologiuradac Seusabamod
gamoiyureba, magram ase ar aris, radgan idioma anu is, rac SeiZleba gamoiTqvas, magram
imavdroulad gamouTqmelad darCes enisave SigniT _ araa raRac gaumWvirvale,
sakuTar TavSi Caketili. idioma qva ar gaxlavT. TviT yvelaze idiomatur idiomaSic
aris is, rac Txoulobs Targmans da rac sayovelTao kuTvnilebaa. idioma araa
sasazRvro mijna WiSkarTan policiuri dacviT. roca rusi an frangi poeti leqss
wers, igi beWdiT an xelmoweriT ganamtkicebs raRacas, rac Txoulobs Targmans,
Txoulobs sazRvris gadalaxvas; amitom, gamoxato raRac sakuTar enaze ar niSnavs,
ganudge Targmans, ar niSnavs, win aRudge mas, piriqiT, es niSnavs mowodebas
Targmnisaken. Targmna xom isedac xorcieldeba yvelaze idiomaturi leqsis, yvelaze
idiomaturi gamoTqmis SigniT.13
n. avtonomova _ erT magaliTs movitan. saubaria duglas hofStateris
eqsperimentze. igi maTematikosia, poligloti. Tqven, albaT, gsmeniaT es saxeli.14
J. derida _ diax.
n. avtonomova _ hofStaterma aiRo kleman maros15 leqsi da daugzavna Tavis
megobrebs mTel msoflioSi. man mimarTa yvelas, miewodebinaT misTvis Targmanis is
varianti, romelsac TiToeuli maTgani mocemul konkretul situaciaSi gaakeTebda.
man Tqva, rom Seecdeboda rac SeiZleba meti varianti moepovebina da Semdeg
erTmaneTisTvis Seedarebina isini. rogorc Cans, amitom gamomigzavna leqsi mec _
undoda hqonoda ara erTi, aramed ramdenime rusuli Targmani, mniSvneloba ar hqonda,
prozad Tu leqsad. raze metyvelebs es? albaT, imaze, rom erTi enidan meoreze
Targmnisas Cven mainc...
m. riklini _ raRacas Tavidan vqmniT...
n. avtonomova _ diax, vqmniT da imavdroulad yovelTvis vejaxebiT im movlenas,
rom is, risi miRwevac Targmans erT enaze SeuZlia, arafriT ar gamosdis meoreze.
rogor vuSveloT amas? isev gadauWreli amocana...
J. derida _ magram, amave dros, swored es gadauWreli amocana aris is, rasac
yovel fexis nabijze vxvdebiT da yovel jerze warumateblobis miuxedavad, yovel
jerze mainc vimarjvebT. ai, Targmani _ magram Targmna SeuZlebelia. yovelTvis aris
raRac gadaTargmnili _ gada-Targmnili TviT leqsis SigniT: saubaria aramxolod im
formaze, romelsac Cvens Targmans vuwodebT, aramed ufro imaze, rom Targmnis
gamocdileba aris TviT poetis upirvelesi gamocda. igi ganicdis Targmnis aqts da
imavdroulad, mis winaaRmdegobasac awydeba. is cdilobs daweros is, ramac, SesaZloa,
Targmnisas winaaRmdegoba warmoqmnas, magram gana leqsad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rac
ar ewinaaRmdegeba Targmnas? da mxolod aseTi winaaRmdegobis gancdisas wers igi
leqss, ganicdis ra Targmnis aqts, rogorc sakuTar cdas. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT,
TarmnisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gaweva aris kidec TviT Targmnis gamocdileba (gamo-
cda _ m.k.), magram, imavdroulad, igi sxva enis gamocdilebaa. amitom Cveni sakuTari
idioma, is, rac gamouTqmelia Cems sakuTar idiomaSi, unda iyos imavdroulad sxvisi
enisadmi Riaoba, sxva enis winaSe Riaoba. idiomis sazRvrebi da is, rasac me
`egzapropiacias~ _ enis gaTavisebis (dauflebis, `dasakuTrebis~ _ m.k.) meTods
vuwodeb, ar warmoadgens ubralod sakuTar enaSi, rogorc sakuTar saxlSi yofnis
meTods. igi gulisxmobs CaZirvas sxvis, uCveulosa da ucxos gamocdilebaSi, oRond
sakuTari enis sazRvrebidan gausvlelad. es erTi da igive cdaa: approprier, disapproprier,
enteignen, eignen, экзапроприация, экcпропиaция. me vityodi, rom es erTi da igive, da
imavdroulad, araigiveobrivi cdaa. igi ar emTxveva sakuTar Tavs. es yvelaferi
gansxvavebulad xdeba sxvadasxva enebSi da sxvadasxva poetebTan, sxvadasxva leqsebSi,
literaturis gansxvavebul saxeebSi. darwmunebuli var, es movlena sxvadasxvagvarad
hqondaT gancdili gogols, puSkins an dostoveskis, da, vTqvaT, celans da prusts.
m. riklini _ sanam SekiTxvas davsvamde, minda erTi ram ganvmarto: jer erTi,
CemTvis sulac araa advili sakuTari Tavi ganvawyo imis mimarT, rasac Tqven akeTebT,
Sevqmna Sesabamisobis situacia im konteqsts Soris, romelSic me vimyofebi _
mxedvelobaSi maqvs inteleqtualuri konteqsti _ da misgan Zalze gansxvavebul
kulturul da inteleqtualur situacias Soris, romelsac Tqveni Semoqmedeba
gulisxmobs. dekonstruqcia SeiZleba gavigoT rogorc mcdeloba, ai xsnas im

92
aralogikur winaaRmdegobaTa da sxva tipis diskursul SesaZleblobaTa
heterogenuli simravle, romlebic logikuri winaaRmdegobebis moxsnis SemTxvevaSic
ki ar emorCilebian filosofiur argumentacias. is alogikuri Seusabamobebi,
romlebsac Tqven ikvlevT, maSinac narCundebian, roca logikuri winaaRmdegobebi
ukve daZleulia. es niSnavs, rom ZiriTadi filosofiuri cnebebi sulac ar arian
martivni, miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTi filosofosis mier isini aRiqmebian,
rogorc martivi, dauSleli da `atomaruli~, es simartive araiSviaTad garedanaa
maTze Tavs moxveuli _ da Tqven swored im mravalferovan teqstur strategiebs
avlenT, romlebic am moCvenebiTi simartivis miRma dgas. es strategiebi ar
gamoricxaven diskursul Zaladobas imisaTvis, rom gaumWvirvale gamWvirvaled
aqcion. magram Cveni teqsturi situacia sulac ar gavs im teqstebs, romlebzedac
Tqven Cveulebriv muSaobT.
raSi xedavT am gansxvavebas? alogikuri winaaRmdegobebi, Cemi azriT, imdenad
cxadia Cvens kulturaSi, rom sulac ar saWiroeben gansakuTrebiT daxvewil
procedurebs, raTa gamoaSkaravebulni da siRrmidan dRis sinaTleze iqnan
gamoyvanilni. isini zedapirTan arian ganlagebulni, Tanac imdenad mravalricxovani
da cxadni arian, rom vimeoreb, Cven sulac ar gvWirdeba specialuri procedurebi,
raTa isini TvalnaTliv davinaxoT.
cota xnis win, roca ferweraSi dekonstruqciis Sesaxeb statiis weras Sevudeqi
da Tqveni wignis `La verite enpeinture~-s (`WeSmariteba ferweraSi~) _ gamoyeneba vcade,
gansakuTrebuli sicxadiT vigrZeni, rom amocana, romelic sabWoTa mxatvrebis winaSe
dgas, sruliad gansxvavebulia imisgan, rac Tavis droze titus-karmelisa da van
gogis winaSe idga. Cveni vizualuri kultura da yvela metafizikuri daSveba,
romelic am kulturaSi ivaraudeba, ukanaskneli naxevari saukunis manZilze, stalinis
droidan, waSlili da dazianebuli aRmoCnda imdenad, rom gaCnda ucnauri problema:
rogor movaxdinoT xedvis rekonstruireba, metafizikis rekonstruireba? da Cveni
mxatvrebi swored amis gakeTebas cdiloben. maTi dekonstruqciuli Zalisxmeva
gamoixateba cdaSi, moaxdino xedvis zogierTi dakarguli SesaZleblobis
rekonstruireba. isini cdiloben Seqmnan vizualuri situaciebi, romelSic
SesaZlebeli gaxdeba Wvretis aqtis ganxorcieleba. es viTareba imis Sedegia, rom
CvenTan dominirebs Zaladobrivi percepciuli kultura, kultura `potlaCis~
tipisa.16 mxedvelobaSi maqvs is, razec batai17 da marsel mosi18 werdnen `primitiul~
sazogadoebasTan da Crdiloamerikel indielebTan dakavSirebiT. es principulad
axali amocanaa: imisTvis, rom dekonstruqcia movaxdinoT, Cven gvWirdeba, pirvel
rigSi, SevZloT TviT dekonstruqciis SesaZleblobebis rekonstruqcia. ras fiqrobT
aseTi specifikuri kulturuli situaciis Sesaxeb?
J. derida _ vfiqrob, rom es Zalze mniSvnelovani momentia. ra Tqma unda, ar
unda dagvaviwydes is, rac axla SegvaxseneT. magram me SevewinaaRmdegebodi Tqvens
mier aRweril dekonstruqcias, rogorc SesaZleblobebis, wesebis, xerxebisa an
instrumentebis winaswarmocemul erTobliobas, romelic unda gamoviyenoT yoveli
axali situaciis, teqstebis yoveli axali korpusis mimarT. dekonstruqcia ar
warmoadgens, jer erTi, martiv logikur dekonstruirebas, winaaRmdegobaTa
logikur gamoaSkaravebas. ZiriTadad dekonstruqcia ar mimdinareobs logikur
doneze. es araa ubralod winaaRmdegobaTa gamoaSkaravebisa an misi dekonstruqciis,
kritikis meTodi.
m. riklini _ ... da arc sapirispiro mxaris, logikur winaaRmdegobaTa Sidapiris
gamoaSkaravebis meTodi.
J. derida _ diax. magram es mxolod erTia mraval JestTa Soris. me mtkiced
vdgavar im azrze, rom ar arsebobs erTaderTi dekonstruqcia. araiSviaTad,
gansakuTrebiT, SeerTebul StatebSi gamarTuli polemikuri diskusiis dros Cems
sityvas imiT viwyeb, rom `dekonstruqcias~ pirvel asos vaSoreb da arasodes vxmarob
`dekonstruqcias~ mxolobiT ricxvSi. dekonstruqciebi xdeba yvelgan, da isini
yovelTvis damokidebulni arian gansakuTrebul, lokalur-idiomatur pirobebze.
axlaxan Tqven Cemi wignis gamoyeneba axseneT. ra Tqma unda, is, rom me dekonstruqcias
ramdenime, CemTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelovan magaliTze ganvixilav, sanimuSod ver
CaiTvaleba. Cems sakuTar teqstebSi moipoveba rigi zogadi msjelobebisa
dekonstruqciis Sesaxeb, aseve magaliTebi, romlebic CemTvis aucilebelia maTi
ganumeorebeli biografiuli Taviseburebebis gamo. me vmuSaob frangul teqstebze,

93
vmuSaob CemTvis mniSvnelovan zogierT winaswarmocemul situaciaze, magram vici da
xSiradac Sevaxseneb xolme Cems mkiTxvels amas _ da nataSasaTvis (nataSa avtonomova
_ m.k.) axlaxan gacemuli pasuxis arsic swored esaa _ rom dekonstruqcia unda iyos
erTjeradi da damokidebuli sxvadasxva konkretul situaciaze, romelSic igi
aRmocendeba. amitom, vfiqrob, rom Tu Tqven moisurvebT gamoiyenoT, vTqvaT,
franguli modeli dekonstruqciisa Tqvens situaciaSi, aseTi mcdeloba
warumatebeli iqneba da aranair Sedegs ar mogvcems. amas ar girCevT, piriqiT, me
vTvli, rom TiToeulma Tavis gansakuTrebul istoriul, politikur, ideologiur
situaciaSi Tavidan unda gamoigonos Tavisi sakuTari dekonstruqcia.
dekonstruqcia Tavis saqmes akeTebs, gindaT Tu ara es Tqven.19 igi sruli svliT midis
win. is, rac axla xdeba sabWoTa kavSirSi, Taviseburi dekonstruqciaa moqmedebaSi.
magram Tqven unda gamoigonoT meTodi, romliTac SeZlebT Tqveni sakuTari samuSao,
weriloba anda politikuri saqmianoba CarToT gansakuTrebul sivrceSi, magaliTad,
iseTSi, rogorc Tqven axlaxans aRwereT _ stalinis droindel movlenebSi.
SesaZleblobaTa rekonstruqcia, magaliTad, xelovnebisaTvis, warmoadgens
dekonstruqciis nawils da me vityodi, rom es asea, gansxvavebulad, magram mainc aseve
safrangeTSic da SeerTebul StatebSic. dekonstruqcia aqac warmoadgens sivrcis
gaxsnis saSualebas axali formebisaTvis. ra Tqma unda, es axali sivrce
sxvadasxvagvarad gamoiyureba, radgan arsebuli garemoebebi gansxvavebulad
icvlebodnen, magram isinic xom ganadgurdnen da stalini sulac araa aucilebeli
saimisod, rom xelovnebaSi gamosaxvis zogierTi SesaZlebloba daarRvio. ase rom,
yovel jerze raRac axali Cndeba da yovel jerze gvixdeba SesaZleblobebis
rekonstruireba amis gamo.
m. riklini _ ukacravad, magram me ar vlaparakob mxolod zogierTi
SesaZlebobis daSlaze xelovnebaSi, me vlaparakob TviT kulturis infrastruqturis
daSlaze.20
J. derida _ es erTi da igivea, erTi da igive. me mogiyvanT magaliTs romelic
sasacilo mogeCvenebaT situaciaTa Seusabamobis gamo. am magaliTiT Tqven mixvdebiT,
ra maqvs mxedvelobaSi. me vTvli, rom safrangeTSi filosofiis swavlebis is
infrastruqturebi, romlebic am swavlebaze Cems warmodgenebs akmayofileben, bolo
ori saukunis ganmavlobaSi sul iSlebodnen, Tanac ise, rom ase vTqvaT, ar Sexebodnen
ufro adreul da Rrma raRaceebs. zogierTi Cvengani, magaliTad, Jan-luk nansi da
sxvebi, upirveles yovlisa, Seecadnen gaeanalizebinaT destruqciis procesi: ra
mizeziT moxda es ryeva, ra interesebi da motivaciebi moqmedebdnen da a. S. _ raTa
Semdeg Cabmuliyvnen filosofiis swavlebis iseTi institutebis aRdgenisaTvis
brZolaSi, romlis farglebSic axali SesaZleblobebi gaCndeboda. Sedareba
sasaciloa, radgan SeuZlebelia erTmaneTs SevudaroT swavlebis instituti
safrangeTSi da sabWoTa kavSiris situacia, magram ramdenadac sasaciloa, imdenad
SeuZlia gamoavlinos, axsnas kidec meqanizmi. dekonstruqcia ara mxolod cnebebisa
da mniSvnelobebis analizis formaa, aramed institutebisac, raTa raRac xelaxla
davafuZnoT da rekonstruqcia movaxdinoT. stalinma xom daSala garkveuli
infrastruqturebi, man isini sxva struqturebiT Secvala, romlebic sakmaod myarni
aRmoCnden.
m. riklini _ stalini am SemTxvevaSi mxolod sakuTari saxelia ufro zogadi
procesebisa da movlenebis aRsaniSnavad.
J. derida _ es arafers cvlis, me stalins brWyalebSi vsvam.
v. podoroga _ stalini rogorc idioma.
J. derida _ diax, rogorc idioma, asec SeiZleba iTqvas. davuSvaT, rom
infrastruqturis daSlis procesSi maTi adgili daikaves sxva struqturebma, amas ki
arqiteqturuli mniSvneloba aqvs: Tqven iciT, rom dangreuli eklesiebis adgilas
SenobaTa sxva saxeobebi gaCndnen. ase rom, Tu Tqven gindaT raime Zveli aRadginoT,
arcTu iSviaTad, saWiro xdeba davangrioT ufro axali struqturebi da maSin
aucilebelia zustad movniSnoT, risi gakeTebaa saWiro _ aucilebelia Tu ara
davarRioT, gavanadguroT, Tu xandaxan SeiZleba raRac SevinarCunoT, gadavakeToT,
gadavReboT. aseTi gaTvlebis gakeTeba yoveldRiurad xdeba saWiro.
m. riklini _ diax, magram xom ar gamodis ise, rom logocentrizmis kritika
aRaraa esoden aucilebeli Tqveni samuSaosaTvis, radgan, Tu Tqven ganixilavT...
J. derida _ ara, CemTvis is sruliad aucilebelia.

94
 m. riklini _ magram Tuki Tqven dabejiTebiT amtkicebT aseTi kritikis
aucileblobas, Tuki TvliT, rom nebismieri formis logocentrizmis kritika
aucilebelia, maSin Tqveni procedurebi ver iqneba mTlianad misaRebi Cveni
situaciisaTvis, ramdenadac masSi metafizika gvevlineba raRac iseT saxeobad,
romelic gaqrobis saSiSroebis winaSe dgas. igi ki ar unda davangrioT, aramed
davicvaT, radgan metafizikis SesaZleblobebi ar yofila realizebuli Cvens
kulturaSi. Tuki Cven logocentrizms gavakritikebT, maSin arc is unda daviviwyoT,
rom CvenSi gabatonebuli ideologiac yovelTvis akritikebda imas, rasac SeiZleba
logocentrizmi ewodos. magram, cxadia, ara Tqveni poziciebidan, aramed, ubralod,
rogorc burJuaziul idealistur mecnierebas.21
J. derida _ me vicnob, vicnob mag logikas. mas, ra Tqma unda, SeiZleba
daeTanxmo, magram, vfiqrob, es mTlad seriozuli argumenti araa. cxadia, Tuki
logocentrizmis kritikaSi Tqven igulisxmebT warweras droSaze `Zirs
logocentrizmi~ da quCis demonstraciebs, amis gakeTeba, ra Tqma unda, ar ivargebs.
logocentrizmis dekonstruqcia gacilebiT neli da rTuli saqmea, da cxadia, ar
SeiZleba ubralod Tqva: `Zirs~. me amas arasodes vambob. me miyvars ena, miyvars
logocentrizmi. Tuki minda, rom safrangeTSi filosofiis swavleba aRvadgino,
rogorc instituti, mxolod imisTvis, rom metafizika vaswavlo.22 me vici, rom
metafizika gvWirdeba da arasodes miTqvams, rom igi, ubralod, sanagveze unda
movisroloT.
da mainc, me dabejiTebiT vrCebi im azrze, rom sabolood, Tuki gindaT darCeT
Tanmimdevrulni mTlianobaSi mTeli wamowyebis mimarT, unda SeinarCunoT idea
logocentrizmis dekonstruqciisa, radgan am saerTo arqiteqturaSi yvela da
yvelaferi logocentrizmzea damokidebuli. ra Tqma unda, es unda gakeTdes Zalze
faqizad, sifrTxiliT, Sualeduri RonisZiebebis gamoyenebiT da a. S. ar SeiZleba
aviRoT da yvelaferi erTbaSad avafeTqoT. mesmis, rom magaliTad, marqsizmis an
stalinizmis romelime saxesxvaoba isargeblebda am argumentiT da mohyveboda
mtkicebas, TiTqos logcentrizmi burJuaziuli, idealisturia da amitom mas unda
gausworde, rogorc burJuaziul, idealistur mimdinareobas. da mainc, dro rom
mqondes, SevZlebdi meCvenebina, rom stalini logocentruli iyo, magram es moiTxovs
farTo da safuZvlian kvlevas. Tuki saTanado Tanmimdevrulobas gamoviCenT, imis
damtkicebac SeiZleba, rom is saxesxvaoba marqsizmisa, romelsac stalini
warmoadgenda, an romlis mimarTac stalinis saxeli metonimiad gvevlineba,
arsebiTad logocentrulia. magram amaze moumzadeblad saubari ar msurs.
ai, ratom iyo, rom dasawyisSi, roca valeris (valeri podoroga _ m.k.)
vpasuxobdi, Semdegi paradoqsiT daviwye: me Zalze xSirad madanaSauleben imaSi, rom
enis mxares var, madanaSauleben logocentrizmSi. paradoqsi aseTia: dekonstruqcia
aRiqmeba rogorc ... zelogocentruli, ramdenadac CemTvis TiTqos yvelaferi enaa,
yvelaferi amoiwureba eniT. ase rom, yuradRebiT unda viyoT am paradoqsis mimarT.
n. avtonomova _ gamodis, rom dekonstruqcia logocentrizmis mimarT
simpaTiis gamoxatvis, misi siyvarulis Zalze daxvewili meTodia. asea?
J. derida _ diax, Zalze daxvewili.
m. riklini _ ras niSnavs es? uars aRiarebaze da uarisyofis aRiarebas?
J. derida _ diax, es Zalze faqizi rameebia da roca maTTan gaqvs saqme, ra Tqma
unda, TviTonac iZulebuli xar, Zalze daxvewili iyo, magram daxvewiloba ar niSnavs,
rom Sen yovelTvis argumentaciis srulyofiT xar dakavebuli. xandaxan daxvewiloba
warmogvidgeba rogorc unari, gaakeTo swori arCevani situaciis Sesaferisad.
xandaxan saWiroa quCis damonstraciebis gamarTvac yvelaze sworxazovani
lozungebiT.23
m. riklini _ magram, SesaZlebelia Tu ara _ da es Cemi bolo SeniSvnaa _
SesaZlebelia Tu ara vamtkicoT, rom potlaCis tipis logika logocentrulia?
stalini araa warmatebuli magaliTi, ramdenadac masze mainc iqonies gavlena
metafizikis garkveulma meoreulma da mesameulma versiebma (Tundac imitom, rom
marqsizmi monawileobda evropis inteleqtualur bedisweraSi). magram aviRoT,
magaliTad, kvakiutlebis gvarovnuli sazogadoeba, romelsac boasi24 Seiswavlida.
SegviZlia ki vamtkicoT, rom logika, romelic am tipis sazogadoebas edo safuZvlad
_ echanges des dons (saCuqrebis gacvla) da sxva amgvari meqanizmebi, SegviZlia ki

95
vamtkicoT, rom isini logocentrulia? Tuki amas SevZlebT, maSin uZlevelebi
vyofilvarT.25
J. derida _ uZlevelebi?
m. riklini _ diax, Cveni damarcxeba SeuZlebelia... radgan maSin Cveni iaraRi
universaluria. magram Tuki amis mtkiceba ar ZalgviZs, maSin unda vaRiaroT, rom
dedamiwis umetesoba ukaviaT swored am tipis sazogadoebebs, romlebic ar
emorCilebian ara mxolod metafizikis, aramed Cveulebrivi logikis kanonebsac.
J. derida _ me ar SemiZlia pasuxi gavce am kiTxvas. upirvelesad imitom, rom is,
rasac Tqven potlaCis logikas uwodebT, metismetad rTulia. me arasodes ar
vcdilvar imis damtkicebas, rom potlaCis logika logocentrulia. aq Cven zogierTi
ganmarteba dagvWirdeba. me ar mesmis, magaliTad, ra gaqvT mxedvelobaSi, roca ambobT
_ Tu swored ase TqviT — stalinuri sazogadoeba potlaCis tipis Taviseburi
sawarmo iyoo.
m. riklini _ diax, industriuli, samrewvelo potlaCisa.
J. derida _ amas xangrZlivi, Zalze xangrZlivi analizi dasWirdeboda.
m. riklini _ swored amis gakeTebas vapireb.
J. derida _ da mainc, ara var darwmunebuli amaSi. me ar vambob, rom es mcdaria,
magram imisTvis, rom Tqven amaSi damarwmunoT, xangrZlivi gansja iqneba saWiro. saqme
isaa, rom ukanaskneli aTi-TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi Cems kvlevebSi arsebiT
mniSvnelobas iZens Cuqebis sakiTxi. gaCuqeba, sapasuxo saCuqari, gacvla. me
gamiWirdeba, aq warmovadgino moZraobis aucilebloba, vTqvaT, dekonstruqciis
pirveli nabijidan saCuqris problemisa da sxva paradoqsebis analizamde, romlebic
Cuqebis da miRebis, sapasuxo boZebis cdas ukavSirdebian. SesaZloa, amas mogvianebiT
mivubrundeT, magram erTaderTi, rac SemiZlia Tqveni mtkicebis an Tqveni SekiTxvis
pasuxad vTqva, es isaa, rom arasodes milaparakia logocentrizmis sayovelTao
xasiaTze. logocentrizmi evropuli, dasavluri azrobrivi warmonaqmnia,
dakavSirebuli filosofiasTan, metafizikasTan, mecnierebasTan, enasTan da
damokidebulia logosze. es _ logosis genalogiaa. es warmoadgens ara mxolod
meTods yvelafris centrSi logosis ganTavsebisa da misi Targmanebisa (goneba,
diskursi da a. S.), aramed TviT logosis, rogorc macentrirebeli, Semkrebi Zalis
ganmartebis saSualebac. Versammlung (germ. Sekreba _ m.k.), rogorc haidegeri
ganmartavs am yvelafers da gansakuTrebiT Logos, Legein (germ. dadeba, fundamentis
Cayra _ m.k.), es isaa, rac agrovebs da sazRvars udebs dafantvas. esaa xerxi yvelafris
SekavSirebisa da Segrovebisa, evropuli meTodi, romelic saberZneTSi iSva.
evropa araa ubralod erTerTi kontinenti da is, rom evropulma
logocentrizmma masTan dakavSirebuli rigi Zalebis daxmarebiT msoflio masStabebi
SeiZina, gvaiZulebs Tavi SevikavoT kategoriuli mtkicebulebisagan, rom
logocentrizmi sakuTriv evropuli movlenaa. amasTan, igi ar warmoadgens arc
uSualod sayovelTaos. me ar vityodi, rom logocentrizmi universaluri
struqturaa. is evropuli struqturaa, romelic garemoebaTa gamo gadaiqca
msoflio movlenad, an cdilobda aseTad qceuliyo Zalze paradoqsuli gziT, rasac
axla ganvicdiT sakuTar Tavze da Zalian mZafradac. Tumca, me vityodi, rom
fonocentrizmi ufro universaluria da me axla davasaxeleb gansxvavebas
logocentrizmsa da fonocentrizms Soris. es ukanaskneli SeiZleba aRmovaCinoT
Cinur kulturaSi, sadac arasdros yofila logosi da sadac werilobac Tavisi tipiT
araa fonetikuri. amisda miuxedavad, iqac sagrZnobia logosis Zalaufleba, romelic
istoriuli aucileblobis saxes atarebs da romelsac aRmoaCenT mTel msoflioSi
garkveul etapze. ase vTqvaT, humanizaciis, anTroposis istoriis etapze. amitom me
gansxvavebas Semovitandi fonocentrizmsa da logocentrizms Soris da ar daviwyebdi
mtkicebas, rom logocentrizmi _ universaluri struqturaa.
axla ki mivubrundeT Tqvens sakiTxs saCuqarTan dakavSirebiT, ZRvensa da
sapasuxo Cuqebas. es veeberTela problemaa. dekonstruqciam unda axsnas saCuqris
(ZRvenis _ m.k.) problema, problema, romelic niSnavs gacemas. ra Tqma unda,
haidegerTanac gvaqvs mcdeloba, mogvces es gibt-is (germ. arseboba, myofoba, raimes
qona _ m. k.) axsna, romelic yofierebis sakiTxis miRma dgas an romelic mis uRrmes
safuZvels Seadgens — esaa kidev ufro fundamenturi sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras
niSnavs es gibt, ras niSnavs geben (germ. micema, miwodeba, mniSvnelobis miniWeba _ m.k.)
viRebdi ra mxedvelobaSi haidegeris am mcdelobas, mindoda mepova gza ZRvenis,

96
saCuqris gaRebis gaazrebisaTvis, gza, romelic cotaTi gansxvavebuli iqneboda
haidegerisagan, haidegeris azrisagan. me Sevecade Cuqebis cdis formulirebas, Tuki
saerTod arsebobs is, rasac Cuqeba SeiZleba vuwodoT: is, rac moaxdenda
transgresias an iqneboda metoba (siWarbe —m.k), is, rac ganTavsdeboda gacvlis,
ekonomikis miRma, iqneboda aReba-micemis miRma. aReba-micemis kavSiris Sesaxeb sakiTxi
Zalze mniSvnelovania da ramdenadac vici, benvenistis mixedviT, magaliTad,
etimologiurad gacema da miReba zogierT enaSi erTi da igivea (Reb: gaReba _ miReba
_ m. k.).
ukanaskneli aTi-TxuTmeti wlis manZilze Cemi yuradReba mipyrobilia saCuqris
struqturisaken. me mainteresebs sakiTxi Cuqebis SesaZleblobaze, anu iseT gacemaze,
romelic ar gulisxmobs xelmeored CarTvas gacvlis wreSi, Tuki aseTi ram saerTod
SesaZlebelia. Cven uZlurni varT movaxdinoT aseTi SesaZleblobis demonstrireba im
SemTxvevaSic ki, Tuki igi arsebobs. misi damtkiceba SeuZlebelia erTi arsebiTi
mizezis gamo: rogorc ki mis demonstrirebas moindomebT, wamsve Cndeba saSualeba,
mianiWo mas garkveuli azri, rac xelmeored CarTavs mas ekonomikisa da gacvlis
wrebrunvaSi, romelic gaanaitralebs, uaryofs an gaacmatverebs am saCuqars. magram
miTiTeba am saCuqarze da boZebis am cdaze aucilebelia, raTa kvlavac movaxdinoT
mcdeloba da im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tuki ver vaCvenebT am SesaZleblobas, Cveni azri mis
Sesaxeb ukve daukavSirdeba imas, rasac me vuwodeb mtkicebulebas (affirmation).
mtkicebulebas, romelic Seadgens dekonstruqciis arssa Tu princips. ai, ratomaa
dekonstruqcia aranegatiuri da ara destruqciuli. arsebobs raRac `ho~, magram
iseTi `ho~, romelic ar warmoadgens pozitiur mtkicebas. es araa pozitiuri
negatiuris sapirispirod, es iseTi `ho~ an iseTi saCuqaria, romlis gareSec aranairi
dekonstruqcia ar iqneboda da me vcdilob movaxdino `ho~-s, saCuqrisa da sxva amgvar
SesaZleblobaTa formulireba.
darwmunebuli var, rom sufTa saCuqari ar arsebobs, rogorc ar arsebobs sufTa
`ho~. magaliTad, teqstebis erT nawilSi vcdilobdi meCvenebina, rom `ho~ Txoulobs
gameorebas. roca ambob `ho~-s, saWiroa Tqva `ho, ho~, raTa daadasturo dapireba,
gaaZliero Tanxmoba, raTa ganacxado: diax, me mzad var erTi wuTis merec vTqva `ho~.
is, rom `ho~ uSualo saxiT imTaviTve gaormagebuli an gameorebulia, mas sisufTaves
ukargavs. `ho~ SeiZleba daingres, SeiZleba Tavadve gaifuWos Tavi, iqces sakuTar
parodiad, ubralo meqanikur gameorebad, simulakrad da a. S.26 amrigad, yovelTvis
arsebobs SesaZlebloba saCuqris an `ho~-s kontaminaciisa misi oreuliT, fantomiT an
simulakriT, da amitom arasodes ar SeiZleba darwmunebuli iyo, rom `ho~ an mtkiceba
Sedga. magram refenrencia, umciresi SesaZlebloba Cuqebisa sruliad ineffacables-a
(waruSleli).
m. riklini _ Tqven ganixileT saCuqris problema 60-ian wlebSi daweril Tqvens
SesaniSnav statiaSi JorJ bataize. daubrundiT Tu ara amis Semdeg batais?
J. derida _ ara.
m. riklini _ ara? es erTaderTi statia iyo? samwuxaroa, radganac vfiqrob, rom
Tqveni Sexvedra bataisTan Zalze nayofieri iyo.
J. derida _ Cemi problema isaa, rom iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, roca
SemTxveviTi mizezebis gamo muSaobas viwyeb raime teqstze an teqtTa korpusze, sami
Tvis Semdeg sxvaze gadavdivar xolme.
m. riklini _ magram haidegeris filosofia Tqveni analizis mudmivi sagania.
J. derida _ diax, garkveul gamonaklisebsac vakeTeb.
m. riklini _ batai is moazrovne iyo, romelic Zalze mZafrad reagirebda
haidegerze. is Tvlida _ batai myavs mxedvelobaSi — rom imyofeboda metafizikis
miRma, am sityvis yvelaze cnobili gagebiT. me maxsendeba misi SeniSvna haidegerze
`l'experience interieure~-Si (`Sinagani cda~).
J. derida _ batai masSi profesors, seriozul profesors xedavda.
m. riklini _ diax, diax. TviT batai Tavisufali mwerali iyo, `Tavisufali
msroleli~, ar iyo dakavSirebuli akademiur fenasTan. igi haidegeris mimarT
garkveul gaucxoebas grZnobda, magram amave dros Zalze afasebda mas.
J. derida _ mgoni vxvdebi, Tu ratom aniWebT upiratesobas garkveul sakiTxebs.
bataisa da haidegeris urTierTobis magaliTi marwmunebs, erTi mxriv, batais
SexedulebaSi, rom haidegeri metismetad akademiuri, metismetad seriozuli iyo da
es Sexeduleba savsebiT Seefereba imas, visac Tqven `Tavisufal msrolels~ uwodebT.

97
magram vfiqrob, rom me, rogorc akademiuri profesori, ufro kritikuli, ufro
radikaluri var haidegeris mimarT, vidre batai. da vfiqrob, rom haidegeris, rogorc
akademiuri profesoris WeSmariti rolis Sesafaseblad, imis gasarkvevad, aqvs Tu ara
akademiisadmi aseT kuTvnilebas Rrma gavlena mis azrovnebaze, TviTonac
akademiisaken unda iyo Sebrunebuli, da ara mxolod Sebrunebuli, mTlianad unda
ekuTvnode mas, raTa mixvde, Tu ra xdeba iq. vimedovneb, rom haidegeris akademiuri,
politikuri cdis Cemi dekonstruqcia ufro ufeqturia, vidre bataisa. da ase swored
imitom moxda, rom me akademias vekuTvni, imitom, rom ar vimyofebi Tavisufali
avangarduli mwerlis, `Tavisufali msrolelis~, situaciaSi, romelic ambobs: ai,
batono, es adamiani profesoria... me mimaCnia, rom garkveuli doziT Cven SigniT unda
vimyofebodeT. me ar vcdilob davicva Cemi sakuTari samuSao batais xanjze,
romelsac, cxadia, vafaseb. magram am konkretul sakiTxze _ haidegeris
filosofiaze muSaobas vgulisxmob _ me ar vfiqrob, rom man maincdamainc didi
nabiji gadadga win.
v. podoroga _ minda im sakiTxebs davubrunde, romlebic Cveni saubris
dasawyisSi wamovWeriT. is mizezebi, romlebic maTken mibrunebas mkarnaxoben, Tqveni
filosofiuri azrovnebis principebis ufro ukeT wvdomas ukavSirdeba. magram ara
mxolod amas. meore mxriv, aq marTebuli iqneboda ori filosofiuri situaciis
Sedareba: erTSi vimyofebiT Cven, meoreSi — Tqven. bunebrivia, rom Cven yvelas,
rogorc vvaraudob, ufro metad gvainteresebT gansxvaveba, vidre msgavseba am
situaciebs Soris. roca Tqven, magaliTad, saubrobT teqstis strategiebze, imaze,
rom yovel jerze isini Tavidan unda gamovigonoT (da es gasagebad meCveneba), me Cems
Tavs viWer im azrSi, rom amgvari strategia ganisazRvreba kiTxvis da werilobis
erTiani ritmebiT. is, rac am cnebebSi igulisxmeba, Sorsaa maTi Cveulebrivi
gagebisagan. mgonia, rom Tqven werT ise, rogorc kiTxulobT, anu kiTxvis aqti
TqvenTan weris aqts emTxveva. magram es sxva kiTxvaa, sxva wera. Cvens samamulo
kulturaSi me ver SevZleb aseTi, metismetad Senelebuli kiTxva-weris magaliTebis
povnas da Sesabamisad, verc teqstis strategiaTa tipebs davZebni.. da maSin me aseTi
kiTxva miCndeba: sad an teqsturi realobis romel doneze viTardeba Tqveni kiTxvis
drama? rogorc vvaraudob, Tqveni kiTxva-weriloba teqsturi saxisaa, sxvagvarad rom
vTqvaT, Tqven is intrepretatori xarT, romelic kiTxulobs ara teqstebs, aramed
teqstebis teqsturebs. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Tqveni adreuli samuSao `xma da fenomeni~
swored aseTi msjelobis saSualebas maZlevs. metic, Tavs nebas mivcem, vamtkico, rom
Tqveni filosofiuri azri fokusirebulia garkveul teqstur (an Sidateqstur)
realobebze, romelTac huserlma cnobierebis `neitraluri modaloba~ uwoda. es
cneba SeiZleba ase gangvemarta: Cveni grZnobadi aRqmis sazRvrebSi arsebobs raRac
neitraluri modaloba, romlis saSualebiTac samyaro pirvelad Semodis CvenSi,
sadac Cven ar varT misgan gamoyofilni, da ramdenic ar unda vecadoT mis
gaobieqturebas, igi xelidan gvisxlteba, radgan igi raRac metia, vidre
grZnobadobis sazRvari. misi gavliT Semodis mTeli is informacia, romelic cocxal
organizmad gvaqcevs, magram amasTan erTad Cven ar SegviZlia am informaciiT
visargebloT Cveni neba-survilis mixedviT. Cven varT masSi da ara is — CvenSi.
mgrZnobelobis am mikroskopuli donis CarTva wakiTxul azrSi Cven ar SegviZlia
imitom, rom igi uazrobis umciresi nawilakebisagan Sedgeba. da ramdenadac Cven
makroarsebebs warmovadgenT, amdenad cnobierebis neitraluri modalobebis
mikroskopia Cvens mier, wesiT arc unda SeigrZnobodes da arc azrad unda
gardaiqmnebodes.
ai, ratom ganvixilav kiTxvis da wesis Tqveneul teqnikas rogorc raRac iseTs,
romelic swored neitraluri modalobis safarvelqveS myofi teqsturis
mikromovlenebs gamoavlens. amgvarad interpretirebuli teqsti kiTxvis ara imdenad
diskomunikaciur, ramdenadac a-komunikaciur reJimSi imyofeba. sxvagvarad rom
vTqvaT, im doneze, sadac Tqven Tqvens teqstur strategias `qmniT~, ar arsebobs
araviTari normatiuli komunikacia, radgan Cndeba kiTxvis iseTi mikrosivrce,
romelSic adamianis yofna ar igulisxmeba. magaliTad, roca nicSesadmi miZRvnil
Tqvens teqstebs vkiTxulobs, Cems winaSe iseTi Sidateqsturi an teqsturi realoba
ixseneba, romelic Tanabrad gulgrilia rogorc nicSes, ise Cems mimarTac.
Cems SekiTxvas ase Camovayalibebdi: SeiZleba Tu ara iTqvas, rom roca Tqvens
weriloba-kiTxvaSi sainterpretacio teqstis teqsturul realobamde CadixarT,

98
Tqven enis transgresiuli moqmedebis provocirebas axdenT (igi Tavis
mikroSemadgenlebad iwyebs daSlas), es ki, Tavis mxriv, absolutur winaaRmdegobas
qmnis saimisod, rom mkiTxveli erTi donidan gadavides meoreze, iq, sadac
SesaZlebeli gaxdeba erTiani azrobrivi xatebis warmoqmna. Cemi SekiTxvis
naTelsayofad rusuli literaturis tradicias mivmarTav: gasaocaria andrei belis
sivrcul-enobrivi eqsperimentaciebi, romelic, sivrcis rac SeiZleba sruli
gansaxierebis mizniT, Tavis romans `peterburgs~ agebs, rogorc mikroskopuli
Jestikulaciebis _ fonetikurisa da imavdroulad sxeulebrivis _ erTobliobas,
romelTa saSualebiTac igi TviT wakiTxvis sivrces qmnis. me ase vxedav mis amocana-
maqsimums: ar misces neba enas, moscildes tans,27 yovelives gveWiros ena da tani
erTad, xelidan ar gagvisxltes maTi refenenciis uwvrilesi Zafi, rac ar unda uimedo
Candes es yvelaferi. uazroba matulobs, grovdeba, daSliT emuqreba yvelafers,
rasac jer kidev aqvs azri da es gasagebia, ramdenadac beli cdilobs kiTxvis ritmis
organizebas ara warmodgenaTa doneze, aramed sakiTxav teqstSi mkiTxvelis
sxeulebriv daswrebis doneze. mxolod am ukanasknelis safuZvelze Sendeba TviT
romanis sivrculi xati. anda sxva magaliTi: Cems naSromSi nicSes teqstebze me
vcdilob movaxdino garkveuli imanenturi komunikaciuri strategiis
rekonstruireba, aRvadgino kiTxvis iseTi procedura, romelic SesaZleblobas
momcemda wamekiTxa enis gareSe an enis winaaRmdeg. anu, me vcdilobdi, ar mimeca neba
enisTvis, xeli SeeSala zogierTi im topologiuri xatis gamovlinebaSi, riTac nicSes
azri cocxlobda. am mcdelobiT me TiTqos windawinve uarvyof, vewinaaRmdegebi misi
saxis waSlas teqstSi. minda vTqva, rom mainc arsebobs nicSes teqsti, rogorc
garkveuli, masTan imanenturi `qmnadoba~, romlis ganadgurebac SeuZlebelia. magram
nicSes teqsts `qmnis~ ara filosofiuri personaJi da ara cocxali adamiani saxelad
nicSe, aramed mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli imanenturi strategia, romlis
sazRvrebi ganTavsdeba swored nicSes mier Seqmnili teqstis SigniT. me mkacrad
vukrZalav sakuTar Tavs kiTxvisas interteqsturi situaciebis Semotanas. nicSes
Tqveneul analizs me Tvali mivadevne, ase vTqvaT, hodologiurad, TiTqos SevigrZeni
kiTxvis Tqveneuli gzebis fiziognomika. Tqven midixarT teqstis sawinaaRmdegod.
Tavidanve arRvevT kiTxvis im reJims, romelsac nicSe adgens Tavisi idealuri
mkiTxvelisaTvis da romlis wyalobiTac srulyofilad SeiZleba teqstis strategiis
ganxorcieleba — Tundac es idealuri mkiTxveli dionise iyos. yvelaze arsebiTi
CemTvis aq isaa, rom verc andrei beli da verc nicSe ver Seeguebian teqstis saxis
dakargvas.28 maSinac, Tuki igi imdenad deformirdeba da damaxinjdeba, rom saerTod
gaqrobis safrTxis winaSe aRmoCndeba, mis adgilas mainc unda darCes raime niSani,
raTa xelmeored gaaRviZos CemSi am saxis xsovna.
J. derida _ SemiZlia raRac vTqva amis Sesaxeb? es Zalian sainteresoa da axla me
ukve gavecani Tqvens mimdinare samuSaos. jer erTi, rodesac Tqven weriloba-kiTxvis
Cemi meTodi aRwereT rogorc arakomunikaciuri Tu akomunikaciuri, vapirebdi,
mTlianad Tu ara, nawilobriv mainc, gamewia winaaRmdegoba Tqveni mosazrebisaTvis. me
Cems Tavs vuTxari: hoc da arac — ramdenadac TiToeuli Cemi teqsti struqturulad
isea organizebuli, rogorc axla Tqven aRwereT. magram imavdroulad es neitraluri
modaloba29 Tu azris mikroskopiuli erTeulebi strategiulad gadajaWvulia
TezisTan, komunikaciur moZraobebTan, demonstraciebTan. arsebobs kidev mravali
plasti da fena, da aramxolod is, rac Tqven daaxasiaTeT. magram roca Tqveni
dakvirvebis dasasruls TqviT, rom nicSes aseve aqvs imanenturi komunikaciebis
strategia, me mivxvdi, rom akomunikaciuri done Tu fena mxolod saSualebaa, romlis
gamoyenebac SeiZleba komunikaciis sxva saxeobisaTvis, Tundac imisTvis, romelic
Tqven bolos aRwereT: `ar misce saSualeba enas, moSordes tans, yovelTvis `geWiros~
ena tanTan erTad~ da a. S. vfiqrob, es gamodgeba imis adeqvatur aRwerilobad, ris
gakeTebasac me vcdilob, saxeldobr: avago iseTi teqstebi, sadac komunikaciis,
Tezisis, stabilurobis, garkveuli Sinaarsis, aseve, azris mikrostruqturebis
neitralizaciiT miiRweva is, rom ara mxolod mkiTxvels, aramed Sen TviTonve
mogicavs axali TrTolva, axali Jruanteli dagivlis sxeulSi ise, rom sabolood
cdis axali sivrce gaixsneba. amiT SeiZleba avxsnaT is garemoebac, rom zogierTi
mkiTxveli xSirad reagirebs Cems teqstebze Semdegi sityvebiT: `bolos da bolos,
Cven verafers vigebT, ver gamogvaqvs veranairi daskvna iqidan, rasac laparakobT~.
bevri ki amaze acxadeben: `ah, araferi gvesmis, Zalze Caxveulia, amas verasodes

99
gavigebT, bolos da bolos Cven ver vxvdebiT, eTanxmebiT Tu ara nicSes qalTa
sakiTxSi... Cven ver vxvdebiT, ra dgas teqstis ukan, rogoria misi Sedegi an zogadi
daskvna. es yvelaferi metismetad sastiki da destruqciulia, da Cven ar viciT, vin
xarT Tqven, saiT migyavarT~. magram imavdroulad arseboben sxva mkiTxvelebi,
adamianebi, romlebic ar arian momzadebulni kiTxvisaTvis. yovel SemTxvevaSi isini,
vinc huserls an nicSes ar icnoben da kiTxuloben Cems teqstebs, ase vTqvaT,
barbarosulad, naivurad, ufro mgrZnobiareni arian teqstis sxeulis TrTolvis
mimarT, im teqsturi zemoqmedebis mimarT,30 romelic sabolood tanTanaa
dakavSirebuli _ mkiTxvelis sxeulTan an Cems sxeulTan. isini raRac Rirebul
gamocdilebas iReben am u-azro teqstisagan an azris am mikrostruqturulobisgan.
kulturul an zekulturul adamianebTan SedarebiT isini ufro gaxsnilni arian
imisadmi, rasac me vakeTeb. xSirad orive reaqcias vxvdebi. mkiTxveli an Zalian
gamobrZmedili (gamocdili) unda iyos, an saerTodac ar iyos aseTi, da es, Tavis mxriv,
damokidebulia sxvis gamocdilebaze, imaze, Tu rogoraa mowyobili es sxva: gaxsnilia
Tu ara, da rogoria misi sxva gamocdileba.
me ar wamikiTxavs beli da ar vici, ra eqsperimentebs atarebs igi enaze, magram me
vendobi Tqvens aRweras. me igi Zalze sayuradRebo meCveneba kiTxvisa da weris imgvari
cdis TvalsazrisiT, romelic ubralod komunikaciis miRma ki ar imyofeba, rCeba ra
akomunikaciurad, aramed cdilobs Tavisi adgili dauTmos komunikaciis sxva tips.
daTmos iq, sadac, rogorc Tqven TqviT, enas ar SeuZlia daSordes tans an Sordeba mas
sxvagvarad, radgan sazogadod igi yovelTvis Sordeba tans. aseTia enis bedi _
daSordes tans. magram daSorebis erTi gza ar gavs meores. aq Cvens winaSe isev
arCevania, magram ara imisa, daSorde Tu ara tans, aramed tanTan daSorebis or
gansxvavebul gamocdilebas Soris. kvali isaa, rac gviCvenebs, Tu rogor xdeba tanis
amovardna enisagan, misgan gasvla. kvali isaa, rac rCeba, Tumca arasamudamod, is, rac
gamoiyofa sxeulisagan. kvali — sxeulis nawilia, sxeulis minimumi, vimeoreb, nawili,
magram iseTi, romelic gamoiyofa da cda aris am narCenis cda anu reste (germ. narCeni,
darCenili nawili _ m.k.). am gamoyofis gamocdileba, Seni kanis nagleji, romelic
nawilobriv iqca teqstad.
ase rom, arsebobs gamoyofs sxvadasxva xerxi, sxvadasxva saxeoba, da Tqvens
axlandel samuSaos axla ukve aRviqvam rogorc mcdelobas aseT — rogor uwodebT? _
hodologiur grZnobaTa sxvadasxva tipebis aRwerisa. isev gvixdeba saqmis daWera
`hodosTan~ (berZ. gza _ m.k.), `gansivrcebasTan `hodosSi~. Tqven uTuod gecodinebaT
haidegeris teqsti `hodosze~ da `meTodosze~, sadac igi ambobs, rom berZnebi ar
icnobdnen `meTodoss~, aramed mxolod `hodoss~. meTodologiuri zrunva ki — aseTia
haidegeris azri da me amas misi pasuxismgeblobis qveS vtoveb _ pirvelad gamoCnda
dekartTan, hegelTan da a. S. xolo berZnebi, rogorc amas haidegeri amtkicebs,
interesdebian `hodosiT~ da ara `meTodosiT~, ara romelime teqnikuri proceduris
formalizaciiT. ase rom, `hodosi~ _ esaa garRveva, kvali. kvali ki isaa, risi
wyalobiTac Cndeba gza. gza aris via rupta (germ. via — gza, gadat. _ xerxi, saSualeba;
ruptor _ damangreveli, mZleveli _ m.k.), sivrcis gaxsnis meTodi. axali Weg-is axali
gzis gaxsnis xerxi, romelic manamde gaRebuli ar yofila. xolo teqstis wera da
kiTxva — Tuki amas SemoqmedebiTad da axali sawyisis suliskveTebiT gavakeTebT, aris
kidec teqstSi gansivrcebis axali formis aRmoCena, an kidev, sakuTari TavisTvis
axali sivrcis povna.31 amasTan, Tqven ubralod ki ar aRwerT, aramed struqturulad
ayalibebT axal sivrces TviT kiTxvisa da weris aqtSi. me mgonia, rom, roca vwer an
vkiTxulob, me vcdilob ara mxolod raime Tqmas an Cvenebas, raimeSi darwmunebas,
aramed ubralod axali formis, axali hodologiuri struqturis moxazvas.
magaliTad: ai, Cvens winaSea teqsti. igi obieqti ki araa, aramed ruqa, ruqa _
geografiuli azriT an qartia — konstituciurad. es ruqaa, romelsac sakuTari gzebi
da uxilavi ganStoebebi, miwisqveSa bilikebi aqvs, amitom me Zalze yuradRebiT
vekidebi imas, rac Tqven TqviT hodologiur grZnobebze.
neba miboZeT SevCerde kidev or momentze da amiT davamTavreb. roca Tqven
ambobT, rom unda dawesdes akrZalva interteqstur situaciaTa Semotanaze, minda
gkiTxoT, raSi gWirdebaT es akrZalva?
v. podoroga _ me interteqstualobis akrZalva Semomaqvs imitom, rom viReb
teqsts, rogorc gansazRvrul teqsts, romelsac gaaCnia sakuTari, mxolod misTvis

100
imanenturi komunikaciuri strategia. anu me yovelTvis virCev marginalur teqsts,
romelic gamoirCeva sxva teqstebisagan gaucxoebis raRac mijniT.
J. derida _ gasagebia. amiT Tqven imis Tqma gindaT, rom, roca, vTqvaT, Tqven
nicSes kiTxulobT, Tqveni wakiTxva imanenturi unda iyos, raTa CavwvdeT am teqstis
organizaciis kanonebs da mis sakuTar imanentur komunikaciur strategias. Tu Tqven
imav wams moixmobT dasaxmareblad hegels da marqss, maSin daikargeba nicSes teqstis
unikaluri sxeuli. geTanxmebiT imaSi, rom Cven unda davawesoT akrZalva garkveul
inteleqtualur strategiaze, Tuki masSi igulisxmeba nicSes wasakiTxad sxvebis
dauyovnebliv moxmoba. cxadia, roca romelime avtors kiTxulob, kiTxulob swored
mas da sulac ar fiqrob sxvebis moxmobas. magram, vfiqrob, rom romeliRac momentSi
imanenturi kiTxva da wera, dakavSirebuli amgvar wakiTxvasTan, mocemuli teqstis
mimarT erTgvarovani unda iyos, da amasTan erTad heterogenulic, raRaciT misi
Semavsebelic. Zalze Znelia wero is, rac mxolod da mxolod sakuTriv Tqveni
gamogonebaa, movlenaa, swored movlena, da imavdroulad erTguli darCeT sxva
gasaanalizebeli teqstis an teqstebis korpusisa.
m. riklini _ vTqvaT, nicSe. igi yovelTvis Zalze araTamimdevruli iyo sakuTari
Tavis mimarT. bevr, Zalian bevr sakiTxSi. Tqven aCvenebT kidec amas Tqvens wignSi
`dezebi~. albaT, nicSesTvis es iyo gacnobierebuli strategia daumTxvevlobisa
(amoucnoblobisa _ m.k.). sami qalis saxe, romelTac Tqven mis teqstebSi gamohyofT,
Zalze gansxvavebulia, arsebiTad, Sedarebas arc ki eqvemdebareba, da miuxedavad
amisa, isini mSvenivrad Tanaarseboben erTmaneTis gverdiT. gamoricxuli araa, rom
nicSesTan qalis kidev ufro meti saxe gamoZebnos.
J. derida _ samze meti, sam qalze meti... vimedovneb. da kidev oriode sityva
Zalian, Zalian rTul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT: saxe da waSla (effacement). es metismetad
rTuli sakiTxia. masze msjelobas, albaT, saaTebi, SesaZloa, wlebi dasWirdes. magram
am SemTxvevaSi me mxolod pol de manis teqstebs moviSvelieb, romlebsac, Tqven
SesaZloa ar icnobT. mas aqvs teqsti saxelwodebiT... raRac `Defacement~ (`waSla~,
sityva-sityviT `saxis dakargva~); Tavis bolodroindel naSromebSi igi
interesdeboda teqstebs Soris urTierTobiT, saxiT da waSliT, anu imiT, rasac Cven
veZaxiT `saxis dakargvas~ (Defacement). amasTan, garkveul upiratesobas aniWebda
metyvelebis figuras, ritorikul trops, romelsac prozopopea ewodeba.
prozopopea — es isaa, roca Sen SesaZleblobas aZlevs sxvas, gaxmovandes. esaa saxis
Semosva (xorcSesxma _ m. k.), da yoveli leqsis struqtura, rogorc is aRniSnavs,
warmoadgens prozopopeas — gaJRerebul sxvis xmas. TamaSi saxesTan, waSlasTan, saxis
waSlasTan Zalze sainteresoa pol de manis teqstebSi. zust saxelwodebas ver
vixseneb, vgoneb, `avtobiografia rogorc saxis waSla~.
n. avtonomova _ de manTan enis `ritorika~ (maT Soris mapersonificirebeli
tropebic) _ erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi sferoa teqsturi
TviTdekonstruqciulobisa. aki TviT `werilobis~ cnebas igi upirvelesad enis
ritorikul-figuratul aspeqtebs (rusos mixedviT, `vnebaTa enas~) ukavSirebs.
komunikaciuri strategiebis Temas gavagrZeleb da SevniSnav: me Zalze mniSvnelovnad
meCveneba Tqveni mtkiceba, rom saqme komunikaciur da a-komunikaciur strategiebs
Soris gansxvavebaSi ki ar aris, aramed komunikaciuri strategiebis
mravalferovnebasa da mravaldonianobaSi. me piradad gansakuTrebiT mainteresebs is
fenebi da doneebi, romlebic enaze ar daiyvanebian — magram ara sivrculi
TvalsazrisiT, aramed tanisa da afeqturobis TvalsazrisiT. Cemi azriT, am doneze
Zalze ucnauri iqneboda gveZebna raime `neitraluri modalobebi~ an neitraluri
strategiebi im azriT, romliTac amaze zemoT iyo saubari. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
naTelia, rom urTierTobis es afeqturi done gacilebiT Zlieradaa damuxtuli da
datvirTuli emociebiT, vidre sakuTriv ena. swored am komunikaciur doneebze iZens
Seudarebel mniSvnelobas mTeli problematika fsiqoanalitikuri `werilobisa~ da
`wakiTxvisa~, Sesabamisoba verbalursa da araverbalurs, verbalizebulsa da
araverbalizebuls Soris. ra Tqma unda, fsiqoanalizi ar warmoadgens SemTxveviT
gamoyenebiT sferos dekonstruqciuli midgomebisaTvis, radgan yvelaferi, rac
ukavSirdeba Cawerasa da waSlas, gamotovebul adgilebsa da xelwerebs, Caweris
gansakuTrebul teqneebsa da xerxebs, froidisa da gansakuTrebiT, lakanis
fsiqoanalizSi fundamentur mniSvnelobas iZens.

101
 CemTvis cnobilia farTo polemika, maT Soris Tqvensa da lakans Soris, romelic
froidis memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebiT gaimarTa safrangeTSi. zogierTi mkvlevari
(mag. m. borS-iakobsoni) cdiloben ganaxorcielon logocentrizmis dekonstruqcia
fsiqoanalizis franguli, pirvel rigSi, lakanis versiis mimarT. rogor fiqrobT,
SeiZleba Tu ara froidi logocentrist, lakani ki _ froidis mimdevrad CaiTvalos?
rogoria franguli fsiqoanalitikuri logocentrizmis arsebiTi Sedegebi?
eTanxmebiT Tu ara pozicias _ amocnobil da gamoaSkaravebul iqnas enis miRma
arsebuli cdis sxeulebriv-afeqturi aspeqtebi rogorc fsiqoanalizTan
mimarTebaSi, ise ufro farTo azriTac?
J. derida _ Tqveni SekiTxvis bolo nawilidan daviwyeb: diax, udaod, diax, magram
amasTan erTad ar vTvli, rom afeqturi done ubralod sxvagvaria imis mimarT, rasac
me teqsturi vuwode _ ara lingvisturi, aramed teqsturi. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
Jestebi, winareverbaluri struqturebi ubralod gaumWvirvaleni an teqstualurni
ki ar arian, aramed warmoadgenen kidev erT teqsts, metyvelebamdel teqsts, da
CemTvis aseTi fsiqikuri teqstis struqtura Zalze sainteresoa. ase rom, am
TvalsazrisiT me, vTqvaT, gavakritikebdi lakans zedmeti verbalurobisaTvis,
lingvisturi struqturebisadmi zedmeti interesisa da afeqtis mimarT zedmetad
uaryofiTi damokidebulebis gamo. lakans arasodes yvarebia isini, vinc afeqtis
mimarT interess amJRavnebdnen. igi marTali iyo imdenad, ramdenadac maTTvis, visac
sjera sityva `afeqtiT~ moxseniebuli im movlenisa, romelic enis safuZvelSi devs,
igi savsebiT myar, realur da konstruqciul cdas warmoadgens. me ki vfiqrob, rom
arsebobs winareverbaluri da es unda gaviTvaliswinoT, Tumca es winareverbaluri
ar warmoadgens ateqtualur, ubralo gancdas, arastruqturirebul afeqts.
axla ki Tqveni SekiTxvis Sesaxeb lakanze. es Zalze rTuli sakiTxia. lakanis
Teoria Tavisi yvelaze sistematuri formiT uaRresad logocentrulia, magram amis
gamo me ar apireb mis upirobo kritikas. romeliRac etapze, garkveuli istoriul
situaciaSi, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ras warmoadgenda froidis memkvidreoba
gansakuTrebiT safrangeTSi, aseTi didi interesi enis, sosiuris mimarT, lingvisturi
modelebis mimarT _ vfiqrob, igi pozitiuri iyo. amitom mimaCnia, rom misi
strategiuli svla saintereso da aucilebel m ovlenad unda CaiTvalos. amasTan, man
aRmoaCnia rigi axali Teoriuli SesaZleblobisa, Tumca magram amis gamo iZulebulni
varT sxva SesaZleblobebze vTqvaT uari. 60-ian wlebSi, roca wera daviwye da lakanis
midgoma ukve arsebobda, me mindoda meCvenebina, erTi mxriv, aucilebloba, meore
mxriv ki — perspeqtiva da saSiSroeba amgvari yovlismomcveli lingvisturobisa. Cemi
reaqcia rTuli da araerTmniSvnelovani iyo. me arasodes vyofilvar imaT mxareze,
vinc lakans mxolod imis gamo akritikebda, rom igi Seecada gaebaTilebina
fsiqoanalitikuri Teoriis istoriis zogierTi problema. magram minda SevinarCuno
Tavisuflebac saimisod, rom saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ormagi Jestebi gamoviyeno.
Tqven mkiTxeT, iyo Tu ara lakani froidis erTguli. vfiqrob, rom man Seavso
froidi raRac Zalze mniSvnelovaniT, rac froids ar gaaCnda _ simboluri analizis
planSi, enis mimarT gansakuTrebuli interesis planSi da a. S. magram, imavdroulad,
lakani regresuli iyo froidTan SedarebiT am lingvisturobis gamo, romelic
froidTan ar yofila esoden gamokveTili. rogorc istoriaSi xSirad xdeba, man
gadadga nabiji win, magram am nabijis gamo raRac daTmo kidec. Cven ki amis
gamosworeba unda vcadoT.

Targmna manana kvaWantiraZem wignidan: Жак Деррида в Москве: деконструкция

путешествия. М., ИК "Культура", 1993 ("Философия по краям". Международная коллекция
современной мысли. Литература. Искусство. Политика)

SeniSvnebi da komentarebi:

1. 1990 wlis Teberval-martSi ruseTSi imogzaura cnobilma Tanamedrove filosofosma

Jak deridam da am mogzaurobis Sesaxeb dawera wigni `Bach from Moscow in the USSR~,
romelSic gaanalizebulia sabWoTa kavSirSi mogzaurobaTa Sesaxeb 20-30-ian wlebSi
Seqmnili sxva STabeWdilebaTa seriebi, kerZod, v. beniaminis, a. Jidisa da r. etemblis.
esaa deridas pirveli wigni, romelsac mkiTxveli rusul enaze gaecno. masSi aseve
Sesulia cnobili rusi filosofosis mixeil riklinis statia `Back in Moscow, sanc the

102
 USSR~ da zemoTmoyvanili saubari `filosofia da literatura~, romelSic
deridasTan erTad monawileobdnen filosofosebi natalia avtonomova, valeri
podoroga da mixeil riklini.
2. Jak derida _ postmodernistuli filosofiis erT-erTi yvelaze TvalsaCino
warmomadgeneli, e. w. dekonstruqtiuli kriticizmis avtori. daibada alJirSi,
mdidar ebraelTa ojaxSi 1930 wels. 1952-53 wlebSi swavlobda parizSi, 1960-64 wlebSi
asistentad muSaobda sorbonis universitetSi. amave periods ekuTvnis misi pirveli
publikafiebic Jurn. `kritikosSi~ da `tel-kelSi~.
1966 wlidan izrdeba amerikis interesi frangi inteleqtualebis gamokvlevebis
mimarT. am jgufs Seadgenen sxvadasxva Taobis CvenTvis metnaklebad cnobili saxeebi:
altuseri, fuko, burdie, blanSi, Jeneti, baSliari, kangiemi, rikiori, vali, lakani,
pol de mani, barti, ipoliti, vernari, holdmani da sxv.
1967 w. gamodis misi pirveli sami wigni. am periodSi igi ganuwyvetliv mogzaurobs
evropaSi da mis sazRvrebs gareT.amave periodidan SeimCneva deridas gavlenis mkveTri
asimetriuloba safrangeTSi da mis sazRvrebs gareT, gansakuTrebiT _ aSS-Si. iyo
SemTxveva, roca 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi universitetma gaauqma profesoris posti,
romelzedac derida acxadebda pretenzias.
1972 wels deliozTan, klosovskisTan, kofmanTan, laqu-labertTan, liotarTan,
nansisTan da sxva filosofosebTan erTad monawileobs koloqviumSi, romelic nicSes
eZRvneba. am periodSive qveyndeba misi kidev sami wigni. deridasTan kavSirs wyvets f.
solersi da `tel-kelis~ jgufi.
1968-74 wlebSi leqciebs kiTxulobs hopkinsis universitetSi. 1975 wlidan
muSaobas iwyebs ielis universitetSi da safuZvels uyris e. w. `ielis skolas~ pol de
manTan, hilis milerTan, hartmanTan, blumTan erTad. iwyeba cnobili debatebi
`dekonstruqciis mier amerikis okupaciasTan~ dakavSirebiT.
1979 wels derida monawileobs filsofosTa gaxmaurebul Sekrebaze sorbonaSi. am
dros presaSi pirvelad Cndebda deridas fotosuraTebi, romelTa gamoqveynebis
winaaRmdegic iyo igi xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi (!).
1980 wels disertacias icavs sorbonaSi, 1981 wlidan ki ian husis asociaciis vice-
prezidentia da CexeTis (aramarto — m.k.) disidentebs mfarvelobs. 1982 wels derida
saidumlo seminarebs marTavs praRaSi. erT-erTi vizitisas praRis aeroportSi mas
apatimreben narkotikebiT vaWrobis braldebiT, aTavisufleben safrangeTis
xelisuflebisa da miteranis energiuli CareviT.
1983 wels afuZnebs saerTaSoriso filosofiur kolejs da Tavadve xdeba misi
pirveli direqtori. ecnoba da TanamSromlobs amerikel arqiteqtorTa jgufTan,
monawileobs viletis parkis SeqmnaSi. aswavlis umaRles socialur skolaSi,
monawileobs sxvadasxva politikuri xasiaTis proeqtebSi. 1995 wels safrangeTis
saprezidento arCevnebze iyo socialisti kandidatis Josperis Stabis wevri.
1989 wlidan deridas monawileobiT aqtiurdeba dekonstruqciuli kvlevebi
filosofiasa da samarTlis TeoriaSi aSS masStabiT. aqtiurad eweva
multikulturizmis propagandas safrangeTSi.
1990 wels mogzaurobs sabWoTa kavSirSi. atarebs seminarebs da saubrebs moskovis
universitetSi. am mogzaurobis Sedegad Seiqmna wigni: `Jak derida moskovSi:
mogzaurobis dekonstruqcia~.
derida gardaicvala mZime avadmyofobiT 2004 wels, parizSi.
3. `topologiuri ena~, podorogas ganmartebiT, im realobis amsaxveli enaa, romelsac
gaaCnia sakuTari imanenturi logika da romelic principulad ar daiyvaneba enaze.
derida ar cnobs aseT realobas. podoroga literaturul argumentacias iZleva.
4. dekonstruqciis ZiriTadi Tezisia: `samyaro teqstia. teqsti ki _ citatebisa da
`arqikvlebis~ erToblioba. am mimarTulebam filosofiaSi Semoitana rigi
aratradiciuli terminebisa, romelic klasikuri da postklasikuri filosofiisagan
gansxvavebulad ganmartavs samyaros models: `weriloba~, `kvali~ `Differance~,
`dekonstruqcia~ da sxv. dekonstruqciis Tanaxmad, yofiereba principulad
gamouTqmelia, amdenad, mniSvneloba moCvenebiTia. igi ar ekuTvnis realobas, mxolod
niSans, isic droebiT. igi gaigeba, rogorc kvlebis bade, oRond ara saganTa, aramed
mxolod da mxolod niSanTa kvlebisa. amgvarad, enis kavSiri realobasTan, obieqtTan
da am rigis cnebaTa SinaarsebTan moCvenebiTia. yvelaferi, rac enis miRmaa,
moklebulia realurobisa da arsobis gagebas. referenti (aRsaniSni) da niSani
deridasaTvis erTmaneTTan acdenilia. ena, rogorc niSanTa sistema TviTneburad
konstruirdeba da ar gaaCnia referentTan obieqturi kavSiri. samyaro warmoadgens

103
 mxolod niSanTa interpretaciis usasruli jaWvs, anu `niSnis TamaSs da TamaSs
niSanSi~.
5. logocentrizmis dekonstruqcia klasikuri da postklasikuri evropuli kulturisa
da cnobierebis reinterpretaciasa da oponirebas axdens da ramdenime veqtors
gulisxmobs: 1. evropuli metafizikis uaryofas, anu metafizikuri subieqtisa da
mTliani samyaros modelis Canacvlebas mozaikuri da meoradi modeliT; 2. mizez-
Sedegobriobis, rogorc determinizmis ideis moSlas; 3. zogadi samyarouli procesis,
rogorc mizanSewonilobis ideis kritikas; 4. binaruli opoziciebis (keTili-boroti,
obieqti-subieqti, qaluri-kacuri da a. S.), rogorc azrovnebis evropuli wesis
uaryofas, risi Sedegicaa, dekonstruqciis poziciebidan, azrovnebisa da kulturis
maskulinuri tipi; 5. fonocentrizmis moSlas, anu aqcenti xmidan, gaxmovanebuli
sityvidan, romelic teqstis imanentur azrs axmovanebs, gadadis TviT teqstze,
rogorc azrTwarmoqmnis aramdgrad (arakonstatur), `moZrav~ sivrceze; dabolos, 6.
uaryofa im ideisa, rom samyaros gaaCnia imanenturi arsi, yofierebas ki _ logika,
romelic Seimecneba kogniturad (cnobierebis, logosis mier), rogorc
hermenevtikuli aqtebi.
logocentrizmis dekonstruqciis moTxovniT derida praqtikulad uars ambobs
ara mxolod dasavleTevropuli klasikuri filosofiis tradiciaze, aramed
pretenzias acxadebs universaluri filosofiiis Seqmnaze, romlis mizania
istoriulad ufro perspeqtiuli da yovlismomcveli racionalizmis Seqmna
(SesaZloa, evropuli racionalizmis sazRvrebis gafarToeba da misi modernizacia. _
m.k.). derida Signidan angrevs dasavluri kulturis fundamentur cnebebs. kulturis
teqstebs igi ganixilavs rogorc aramyar, aramudmiv struqturebs, rogorc
mniSvnelobaTa ganuwyveteli cvlilebebis vels. misi amocanaa: 1. yvela tipis
opoziciis moSla; 2. misi wevrebis gaTanabreba; 3. maTi distancireba, rac
SesaZleblobas miscems, Tavidan dasvas sakiTxi am opoziciis SesaZleblobaze an
SeuZleblobaze. deridas TqmiT, `dekonstruqcia mdgomareobs ara erTi cnebidan
meoreze gadasvlaSi, aramed maTi konceptualuri wesrigis srul amotrialebaSi da am
movlenis artikulirebis mcdelobaSi~.
6. fonocentrizmis dekonstruqcia upirispirdeba platonis tradicias, romlis
Tanaxmadac gamoTqmuli sityva gacilebiT meti Zalis mqonea, metyveli subieqtis
nebisa da Zalisxmevis, yofierebisadmi misi mimarTebis ukeT gamomxatveli, vidre
dawerili. es idea, romelmac Rrmad gaidga fesvi dasavlur filosofiaSi, gulisxmobs,
rom logosSi anu sityvaSi sruladaa gaxmovanebuli azri, mniSvneloba maSin, roca
dawerili warmoadgens mis `avtorizebul~ saxesxvaobas. qristianul azrSi
logocentrizmis idea mimarTuli iyo iudaizmis winaaRmdeg. `logosi~; rogorc
cocxali xma upirispirdeboda iudaistur morCilebas werilobis, teqstis mimarT. am
nawilSi, deridas oponentebis azriT, igi cdilobs aCvenos cocxali sityvis
logocentruli prioritetis sicrue. deridas azriT, qristianobis cocxal
religiur gamocdilebas angrevs sekularizacia maSin, roca ebrauli werilobiTi
tradicia inarCunebs auTentur arsebobas, rogorc rwmenis faqtori. ebraelTa
unikalurobas igi swored imaSi xedavs, rom igi erTguli rCeba `wignisa~. sanam
gagrZeldeba ebraelis dialogi `wignTan~, gagrZeldeba rwmenac.
7. `referentis SeCereba~. deridas filosofiis qvakuTxedia ara sagnis, obieqtis, aramed
niSnis pirveladoba. amrigad, referenti meoradia, referencia _ pirveladi. am
logikiT (Tumca es cneba srulebiT ar Seesabameba deridas filosofias), Differance-s
pirobebSi, mniSvneloba ar arsebobs, igi ifanteba manamde, vidre Camoyalibdebodes.
saganic ar warmoadgens sagans, aramed mxolod kvals, romlis arsebobis pirobaa ara
TviTigiveoba, aramed gamosxvaveba. am konteqstSi, tradiciuli gagebiT, weris aqti
principulad gansxvavdeba dekonstruqciuli `werilobisagan~. werisas aRniSvnis
procedurebi Tavs iyrian myofobis dauSlel wertilSi, romelic legitimuri azrisa
da namdvilobis garantiaa. dekonstruqciuli `werilobisas~ ki ganuwyvetliv
mimdinareobs mniSvnelobis centridanuli dafantva genealogiisa da citaciis
usasrulo qsovilSi.
8. `enas aqvs gareTa mxare~... _ magram derida uars ambobs, uwodos mas `realoba~ an
`realuri~, radgan am cnebas SeiZleba `Semohyves~ raime tipis metafizikis daSveba. aq
igi aranairad ar ganmartavs, ra aris misTvis enis gareT.
9. igi aRiarebs `topologiuri struqturebis~ arsebobas enis gareT, Tumca iqve
topologiursa da aratopologiurs Soris gansxvaveba Semoaqvs TviT enis SigniT. enis
gareT derida arafers tovebs.

104
 Differance _ am neografizmiT (Difference _ Differance) _ derida gamoxatavs
samyaros orazrovnebas, anu `Tavdapirvel, amosaval gansxvavebas~ cnobierebasa da
yofierebas Soris, romelic ver daiZleva erTmniSvnelovani azriT. es cneba, romelic
warmoadgens enaSi arsebuli yvela opoziciuri cnebis zogad safuZvels da saerTo
aRmniSvnels, deridas Semoaqvs rigi arsebiTi metafizikuri cnebebis dasaZlevad. mag.,
`myofobis~, `igiveobis~, `logosis~ da a. S. `araferi _ araviTari myofi da gulgrili
arsi ar uZRvis win da-Slas da gan-Slas. ar arsebobs araviTari subieqti, romelic
iqneboda agenti, avtori da patroni am gan-Slisa~. amiT derida faqtobrivad uars
ambobs transcendenturi subieqtis (RmerTi) TviT ideaze. aqedan _
delogencentrizmi. aqedanve iRebs saTaves mosazreba, rom TviTgaigiveba sagnisa,
cnebisa, adamianisa SeuZlebelia. igi SesaZlebelia mxolod sxvasTan Sedarebis gziT.
aqedan _ identifikaciis, realobisa da mniSvnelobis krizisis mdgomareobebi
samyaros postmodernistul warmodgenaSi.
Differance, rogorc gansxvaveba, gamosxvaveba da deridas filosofiis erT-erTi
yvelaze mniSvnelovani cneba, Seicavs ormag azrs: 1. araigiveobrioba,
gansxvavebuloba; 2. gadaweva (droSi), gadavadeba. gamosxvaveba es isaa, riTac yofna,
arseboba imTaviTve gamsWvalulia. igiveoba, rogorc aseTi, deridasTvis ar arsebobs.
samyaro dayofilia yofierebad (presence) da adamianuri arsebobis (Differance)
samyaroebad. es ukanaskneli absoluturi uniadagobis, miwyivi qrobis samyaroa. misi
artikulireba dekonstruqciisaTvis mTavari problemaa. es samyaro iwereba
yofierebis amoSlis (wa-Slis), gacveTis procedurebiT da adamianis aq-myofobis
nebismieri kvalis waSliT, likvidaciiT. deridas Differance-s ukavSirdeba rogorc
referentis gaqrobis ideas, ise, amerikul postmodernistul filosofiaSi _
`mravalferovnebis~, `socialuri gansxvavebulobis~ ideebis damuSavebas sxvadasxva
tipis aratradiciuli socialuri obieqtebis, magaliTad, homoseqsualizmis,
genderuli da feministuri Tematikis fonze.
10. kvali _ termini, cneba (dekonstruqciis mixedviT `ara-cneba~), romelsac derida
upirispirebs tradiciuli metafizikis sayovelTaod miRebul cnebebs: `arsebobas~,
`myofobas~. kvali gaigeba rogorc `ar-yofnis~ universaluri forma. kvali aris is,
rac yovelTvis iSleba, rac Tavs avlens mxolod waSlaSi: `kvalma unda waSalos
sakuTari Tavi, gaeqces imas, rasac SeuZlia igi aqcios `myofad~. kvali arc SemCnevadia
da arc SeumCneveli. kvali Tavs avlens mxolod sxva kvalTan urTierTobaSi: `misi
sakuTari Zala TviTwarmoebisa pirdapirproprciulia misi waSlis Zalisa~. `weriloba
aris kvalis warmomadgeneli yvelaze farTo azriT, igi ar warmoadgens TviT kvals.
TviT kvali ar arsebobs~. referencia deridasTan sxva araferia, Tu ara `TviTwaSla~.
kvali swored `waSlis~, rogorc aseTis, Sedegia. niSani warmoadgens ara aRsaniSn-
aRmniSvnelis, aramed aRmniSvnelis sxva aRmniSvnelebTan urTierTobis Sedegs da am
urTierTobaTa dinamiur rigs. am azriT, kvali, garkveulwilad, aris niSani
dinamiurobaSi. deridas Tanaxmad, Cveni Sexvedrebi warsulis naSTebTan, rogorc
`kvlebTan~ gaugebaria, Cven ar gvesmis maTi mniSvneloba. istoria warmodgens masze
azris, Sexedulebis, warmodgenebis istorias da ara WeSmariti faqtebis istorias,
romlebic usasrulobaSi Caikargnen. kvali warmoadgens aq myof niSans im sagnisa,
romelic ar arsebobs (ar myofobs). deridasaTvis Tavdapirveli, warsulis `myofi~,
`arsebuli~ kvali arc arasodes arsebula. am Teoriam eWvqveS daayena istoriuli
faqtebisa da, Sesabamisad, istoriuli mecnierebebis legitimuroba da safuZveli
daudo `axali istorizmis~ princips, istoriis xelaxla `gadaweras~.
11. araerTgzis SeniSnuli deridas teqstebis bundovaneba da mravalmniSvneloba ara
mxolod misi azrovnebis sirTulis, aramed weris strategiis gamoxatulebaa, romelic
gamoixateba Semdegi TezisiT: ilaparake ise, rom araferi Tqva. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi,
deridas azriT, Cven an vamarTlebT gonebas, an gonivrulad vakritikebs mas, rac orive
SemTxvevaSi uazrobaa da gamousadegaria dekonstruqciis miznebisaTvis, romlis
strategiac gamoixateba `metyveli (molaparake) subieqtis SeTqmulebaSi logosis
winaaRmdeg~. daupirispirde gonebas misive eniT, deridas azriT, SeiZleba mxolod
imiT, rom moaCveno Tavi, TiTqos Sen am dapirispirebas upirispirdebi. mizani
tiranuli logosis ganadgurebaa. es Canafiqri unda arsebobodes gonebaSi, magram ar
gamoiTqvas eniT, arsdros ar iqnas gamoTqmuli sityviT.
12. Targmanis problema dekonstruqciisTvis umTavresi, konceptualuri datvirTvis
problemaa da farTo socialur, politikur, ideologiur konteqstSi moiazreba. am
paradigmis Tanaxmad, yvela tipis idiomaturi gamoTqma `Tarmnadia~, oRond TviT
idioma gagebul unda iqnas aratradiciulad, anu ara rogorc specifikuri,
gamouTqmeli, yvela doneze _ pirovnulze, nacionalurze, kulturulze _

105
 individualuri da ganuyofeli, mxolod mocemuli enisTvis damaxasiaTebeli,
romelic ar de-konstruirdeba masSi Semavali sityvebis martiv mniSvnelobaTa jamad.
igi unda ganixilebodes, rogorc sainterpretacio obieqti, romelsac Tavisuflad
miusadageb sxva enasa da kulturas. momdevno msjelobaSi derida praqtikulad ar
cnobs `gamouTqmels~.
13. `Targmna~ enisave SigniT da erTi enidan meoreze — sxvadasxva siRrmisa da
daniSnulebis problemaa da cxadia, deridam es icis. sakiTxis ase dayenebas, rogorc
Cans, misi `dekonstruqcia~ Txoulobs. cnebebi `siRrme~, `daniSnuleba~ (`amocana~),
`koncefcia~ deridasaTvis miuRebelia iseve, rogorc `auTenturi~, `Tavdapirveli~,
`yofnoba~ da a. S. Targmnisa da enis problema masTan aratradiciul gagebas eyrdnoba:
ena warmoadgens TviTkmar mocemulobas, romelic miemarTeba ara realobas, aramed
teqsts.
Targmanis problema imTaviTve kargad Cans niSanSi _ sagnidan _ verbalur
gamosaxulebamde. derida yvelaze mdidari idiomis gamWvirvale Targmnas moiTxovs.
magram emorCileba Tu ara sagnis moqceva niSanSi imave princips, rasac _ idiomis
Targmna erTi enidan meoreze? Tu samyaro teqstia da metaenaa, maSin idiomac enis
miRmaa, enaze metia da saerTo principis varaudi aq dasaSvebia. Tu sosiurs mivyvebiT
da aRsaniSn-aRmniSvnels Soris yovelgvar determinacias uarvyofT, maSin
principulad eWvi unda SevitanoT `mdidari idiomis~ gamWvirvale Targmanis
SesaZleblobaSic, anu, Tu vaRiarebT, rom araferia gamouTqmeli, maSin determinaciis
aRiarebac mogviwevs, magram, determinaciis stimuli, `subieqti~ gareT unda
vigulisxmoT da ara enis SigniT, rogorc amas derida miiCnevs (`Cven unda gavaJReroT
es determinirebuli gamouTqmeli imis saSualebiT, rac iTqmis an ukve iTqva~). kavSiri
aRmniSvnelsa da aRsaniSns Soris ukve fonetikur donezea determinirebuli, da mas
xSirad fonetikuri mimesisis saxe aqvs (mag., `CurCuli~, `Cxriali~ da a. S.). gamoTqmuli
raimeTi migvaniSnebs gamouTqmelze, mis daWeras cdilobs da raRac kvals atarebs. es,
cxadia, yvela SemTxvevaSi ar dasturdeba da es mosalodnelicaa, magram calkeuli
(gamonaklisi) SemTxveva swored kanonis arsebobas adasturebs. magaliTad, miTis
intepretacia sxva araferia, Tu ara misi `Targmna~ droSi, misi mniSvnelobis
gadaadgileba da, Sesabamisad, cvlilebac diaqronul WrilSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
remiTologizaciisas Cveulebriv xdeba misi yvelaze mdidari idiomis `Targmna~ (miTi
TavisTavadac aris yvelaze `mdidari idioma~), strategiebic mravalia, Tumca ara
usasrulo. `strategiebis usasrulo simravlis~ aRiarebiT derida, praqtikulad,
mTlianad uaryofs aRsaniSns da pol de manis msgavsad, interpretaciebis srul
Tavisuflebas aRiarebs, rac mxolod Teoriuladaa SesaZlebeli da ara praqtikulad.
literaturaSi iTargmneba, ganimarteba, interpretirdeba idiomis mniSvneloba,
Tumca iTargmneba raRac sxvac, da es `sxva~ Zalze Rirebulia. es `sxva~, rogorc
gansxvaveba, aris rTulic da idumalic, anu is, rac yovelTvis malavs Tavs niSanSi.
14. duglas hofStateri (1945 w. niu-iorki) _ indianas universitetis profesori,
adamianis tvinis SemoqmedebiT SesaZlebobaTa Semswavleli centris xelmZRvaneli.
amerikeli fizikosis, nobelis premiis laureatis robert hofStateris vaJi.
popularoba moipova wignisaTvis `giodeli, eSeri, baxi: usasrulo girlianda~ (1979).
1980 wels mianiWes puliceris premia `aramxatvruli literaturis~ kategoriaSi.
amJamad nobelis premiis laureatia literaturul kritikaSi.
15. klemans maro (1496-1544, turini) _ renesansis epoqis frangi poeti, humanisti.
daaxloebuli iyo margarita navarelTan. upirispirdeboda eklesias,
protestantobisaTvis moxvda cixeSi. 1533 wels Targmna daviTis fsalmunebi, romelic
hugenotebis sabrZolo simRerad iqca. ekuTvnis satiruli Txzulebebi, sasiyvarulo
lirika antikur stilSi. didi gavlena moaxdina Semdegi saukuneebis poeziaze.
16. potlaCi _ warmoadgens individis an jgufis Rirsebis damafuZnebel TamaSs, romelic
agonalur instinqtebs eyrdnoba. hoizingas azriT, esaa `TamaSi didebisa da
RirsebisaTvis~. am dros tomis beladebi da wevrebi erTmaneTs ejibrebian sakuTari
nivTebis ganadgurebaSi _ dawvaSi, damsxvrevaSi da a. S. aseTive Sejibrebebi imarTeba
nivTis CuqebaSi, gacemaSi. xandaxan TamaSis azarti imdenad Sors midis, rom yofila
SemTxvevebi, roca potlaCSi gamarjvebuls mTeli qoneba daukargavs SejibrSi.
rolan barti potlaCis Sesaxeb: `bazari imorCilebs yvelafers da im movlenaTa
integrirebasac ki axdens, romlebic uSualod mis winaaRmdeg arian mimarTulni. igi
eufleba teqsts, rTavs ra mas danakargis absoluturad uazro, Tumca dakanonebul
oromtrialSi. teqsti erTveba raRac koleqtiuri sameurneo meqanizmis muSaobaSi
(Tundac am meqanizms Rrmad fsiqologiuri buneba hqondes) _ igi emsgavseba indielTa
potlaCs: sasargeblo xdeba TviT usargebloc (sasargeblo da usargeblo TiTqos

106
 Tavdapirvel mniSvnelobas kargaven da erTmaneTs adgils ucvlian _ m. k.), erTi mxriv,
Cven xalTa gvaqvs teqsti, rogorc raRac idealuri da amaRlebuli, meore mxriv ki —
rogorc Cveulebrivi saqoneli, romelic fasobs imdens, ramdeni Sromac masSia
daxarjuli. Tanac, sazogadoebas aranairi warmodgena ara aqvs Tavis ganxeTqilebaze,
araferi uwyis Tavis perversiaze~.
17. JorJ batai (1897-1962) _ frangi filosofosi. mis Semoqmedebas ukavSireben
siurealizms, ekzistencializms, struqturalizms, Tumca arsebiTad arcerT maTgans
am miekuTvneboda. batais saxeli dgas iseTi gamoCenili moazrovneebis gverdiT,
rogoricaa a. bretoni, a. kamiu, J.-p. sartri da a. S. misi araerTi idea aitaca da
ganavrco uaxlesma frangulma filosofiurma azrma. maT Soris arian barti, derida,
deliozi, lakani, fuko. batai eWvqveS ayenebs dasavluri kulturisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel bevr cnebasa da koncepts. misi Txzulebebi energiulad Slis
humanitarul disciplinaTSoris sazRvrebs, Jarnul formaTa normebsa da kanonebs.
18. marsel mosi (1872-1950) _ frangi mecnieri, eTnologi, anTropologi, sociologi,
filosofosi, enciklopedisti, indologi, sinologi. didi gavlena moaxdina mTeli
rigi humanitaruli disciplinebis Camoyalibebaze safrangeTSi da mis farglebs
gareT. religiis sociologiaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania misi: `narkvevi
msxverplSewirvis bunebisa da funqciis Sesaxeb~, `locva~, `magiis zogadi Teoria~,
`koleqtiuri warmodgenebi da civilizaciaTa mravalferovneba~.
19. derida flobs dialogis mkafiod SemuSavebul strategias, rac misi dekonstruqciis
aucilebeli nawilia. is ar amwvavebs dialogs maSinac ki, roca mwvave SekiTxvebs
usvamen da misi Teoriis principulad sapirispiro mosazrebebs gamoTqvamen. derida
xazs usvams, rom dekonstruqcia ukve Sedga, Tumca realurad aseTi TviTrwmena
saeWvoa, radgan yovelTvis rCeba kiTxva: ramdenad Rrma da xangrZlivi SeiZleba
aRmoCndes igi, rogorc mizanmimarTuli `qaosis strategia~.
20. riklinisaTvis naTelia, rom derida cdilobs Tavidan airidos pirdapiri pasuxi da
mwvaved svams kiTxvas, radgan problema dekonstruqciis pirobebSi kulturis mTeli
infrastruqturis daSlis safrTxes exeba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki kulturas ganvixilavT
rogorc `enas~, maSin yoveli aseTi `enidan~ gasvla realurad warmoadgens sasaubro
enidan gasvlis analogiur movlenas, anu im wridan gasvlas, romelsac, humboltis
Tanaxmad, ena Semoswers yoveli eris garSemo. es gasvla, romelic esodenaa
`waxalisebuli~ dekonstruqciis mier, ar gulisxmobs gasvlas Tavisufal sivrceSi,
romelic arsad ar arsebobs da arc arsebula, aramed sxva enis sazRvrebSi Sesvlas,
sakuTaris moSlis xarjze. ase rom, dekonstruqciaSi `Targmnisa~ da `kulturaTa
dialogis~ problema destruqciaSi gadaizrdeba.
21. saubris am nawilSi derida ganuwyvetliv gancidis taqtian `Setevebs~ riklinis
mxridan. rogorc Cans, deridasTvis es moulodnelia.
22. deridas sWirdeba metafizika, magram ara evropuli idealizmis tradiciis saxiT.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi misi naTqvami logocentrizmis siyvarulze, ubralod,
gaugebrobaa (eWvis Setana mis gulwrfelobaSi arakoreqtuli iqneboda).
23. derida aq araTanmimdevrulia Tavisive naTqvamis mimarT: sul ramdenime fraziT adre
igi uaryofda dekonstruqciis danergvis aseT radikalur gzebs: `Tuki
logocentrizmis kritikaSi Tqven igulisxmebT warweras droSaze `Zirs
logocentrizmi~ da quCis demonstraciebs, amis gakeTeba, ra Tqma unda, ar ivargebs.
logocentrizmis dekonstruqcia gacilebiT neli da rTuli saqmea, da cxadia, ar
SeiZleba ubralod Tqva: `Zirs~. me amas arasodes vambob~.
24. franc boasi (1858, vestfalia _ 1942, niu-iorki) _ germanel-amerikeli eTnologi,
lingvisti, kulturuli anTropologiisa da eTnografiaSi istoriuli skolis
damaarsebeli. Tavisi kulturul-anTropologiuri moZRvrebiT daupirispirda luis
morganis SedarebiT-istoriuli evoluciis meTods, aseve marqsis koncefcias
sazogadoebriv-ekonomikuri formaciebis Sesaxeb. gansakuTrebiT cnobilia misi
naSromi `pirvelyofili adamianis goneba~.
25. `SegviZlia ki vamtkicoT, rom `potlaCi logocentrulia~... qarTuli literatura
kargad icnobs am kulturul tradiciasTan daaxloebul eTizirebul formulebs,
Tundac: `rasaca gascem Senia, rac ara, dakargulia~.
Tuki riklinis kvaldakval davuSvebT, rom potlaCi da sxva amgvari meqanizmebi
logocentrulia, anu logoss emorCileba, SeiZleboda isic dagveSva, rom msoflio
Tanaarsebobis universaluri safuZveli moZebnilia, rasac SeiZleba niSnavdes
riklinis sityvebi `maSin uZlevelebi vyofilvarT~, Tumca derida ar iziarebs am
mosazrebas da erTgvarad damfrTxalic ki Cans riklinis moulodneli gancxadebiT.
gaugebaria isic, vis gulisxmobs riklini `Cven~-Si.

107
26. SeiZleba Tu ara, `ho~ iqces parodiad? gaifuWos Tavi? iqces ubralo meqanikur
gameorebad? vfiqrobT, rom ara. meqanikuri da SemTxveviTi mxolod adamianis xeliT
gakeTebuli saCuqari SeiZleba iyos, adamianis naTqvami `ho~. amaSia swored misi
meoradobis, misi `gakeTebulobis~ (artefaqtobis) argumenti. RvTis mier Seqmnili
samyaro arasodes iqceva parodiad, meqanikur gameorebad. amisgan mas icavs
gansxvavebis is mikroni, romelic gameorebad aqtebs Soris Cndeba da `erTisa da imaves~
fundamentur, onTologiur iluzorulobas gansazRvravs. ar arsebobs zusti
gameoreba, ar arsebobs erTi da igive. roca galaktioni imeorebs frazas `qari qris~,
igi Zlierdeba (amdenad, yovel jerze sxvaa, vidre wina sintaqsuri wyvili) an
evfoniur-intonaciurad, an semantikurad. parodia ki deformirebuli gameorebaa,
romelic cvlis, amaxinjebs da amave saxiT inaxavs sawyisze xsovnas. parodia
literaturuli perversiaa. igi ar niSnavs `aras~ _ `ho~-s winaaRmdeg, ar niSnavs srul
uaryofas. igi isev Tanxmobaa, oRond ukmayofilo, imedgacruebuli, gadagvarebuli,
droebiT dakarguli Sansi sakuTar erT-Tan dabrunebisa.
`ho~-s gameoreba esaa dapirebis dadastureba, Tanxmobis gaZliereba _ yofierebis
(logosis, RmerTis) dasturi imaze, rac arsebobs, rogorc misi Seqmnili. da Tuki
gameoreba _ esaa saCuqari, Tuki `ho~ _ saCuqari, micema da boZebaa, maSin gameorebiT
qreba eWvi, romelic erTjeradi xdomilebisas (rogorc SemTxveviTi calkeulo
movlenisas) yofierebis namdvilobis, misi RvTiTboZebulobis, misi sikeTis mimarT
Cndeba.
rogorc ormagi Tanxmoba zogadad niSnavs Tanxmobis gaZlierebas, ise TviT
gameorebis struqtura niSnavs Tanxmobis gaZlierebas arsebobaze. yoveli dabadebuli
sicocxliT RmerTi imeorebs Tavis Tanxmobas, Tavis `ho~-s zogadad sicocxleze, anu
ganmeorebiT gvCuqnis sicocxles Tavisi wyalobis, keTilganwyobis, imedis niSnad.
SeiZleba deridaseburad vTqvaT, rom gameorebisas Tanxmobas, `ho~-s sisufTave, an,
Cveneburad _ simtkice da damajerebloba akldeba, magram erTis samyaroSi meoris,
anu gan-sxva-vebulis gaCena (Differance) gana ar niSnavs, rom esaa mtkicebis maradiuli
forma, romelic TviT erTis bunebidan gamomdinareobs da mis erT-adobas,
Zalmosilebas, erTad-erTobas adasturebs. gana ar niSnavs imasac, rom
gansxvavebulad, magram mas adgili aqvs yovel meoreSi, meaTeSi da memiliardeSic. esaa
erTis daucxromloba, misi Cuqebis, boZebis RvTiuri niWi. demiurgis wamowyeba,
romelic i-meorebs, raTa Segvaxsenos Tavdapirveli _ onTologiuri erT-oba
yvelafrisa. esaa sicocxlis, arsebobis damadasturebeli damatebiTi ganzomileba,
romelsac ver vxedavT, ar gveZleva aRqmaSi, magram gveZleva spiralis, xeulis, Zabris
yelis SegrZnebis saxiT, romelSic sicocxle miedineba yvela doneze da romlis
garsSic aris gamoxveuli adamiani. poeturi enis reJimi kargad `iWers~ am struqturas:
`rom gaikvirvos meaTasjer: ratom aris es cxovreba erTdrouldad ase Zveli da ase
axali~ (besik xaranauli).
27. tani (sxeuli) _ dekonstruqciisa da postmodernizmis erT-erTi kategoria, romelic
gaigeba, rogorc logosis opoziciuri mewyvile, rogorc sakuTriv `Cemi~ _
gansxvavebiT logosisagan. garemos aTvisebis TvalsazrisiT, `tani~ iZens `Sinaganis~,
xolo logosi, mentaloba _ `garegani~ rakursis statuss. igi ganixileba rogorc
azrovnebamde arsebuli, rogorc adamianuri cdis gaucnobierebeli horizonti. misi
nebismieri fragmenti warmoadgens uZvelesi `msoflio sxeulis~ anabeWds da samyaros
emanaciis `zRurbls~. `tani~ (da ara logosi, goneba) komunikaciuri procesebis
centraluri elementia postmodernizmSi. postmodernizmma Semoitana teqstis,
rogorc gansakuTrebuli tanis, sxeulis gageba da daukavSira igi survils da
sasurvels. Tuki samyaro teqstia, maSin tani masTan urTierTobis ZiriTadi `organoa~,
Sesabamisad, survilis, sacduris, aracnobieris gamtaric da Semkrebic erTdoulad. v.
podoroga muSaobs tanis problemaze dostoevskis SemoqmedebaSi.
28. `verc anrei beli da verc nicSe ver Seeguebian...~ _ miniSneba `avtoris sikvdilis~
paradigmaze dekonstruqciasa da postmodernizmSi, romelic mogvianebiT
`gadaWarbebad~ Sefasda TviT misi aqtiuri mxardamWerebis mxridan (Jeneti). avtori am
paradigmaSi aRiqmeba mkveTrad uaryofiTad, rogorc azris, teqstis miRma arsebuli,
onTologiurad winaswar gansazRvruli wyaro. klasikuri fsiqoanalitikuri gagebiT,
avtori warmoadgens mamis figuris sxva saxes, rogorc avtori-tetis simbolosa da
personifikacias, erTaderTi legitimuri diskursis mflobelsa da kanonmdebels.
rogorc aseTi, igi postmodenizmis gansakuTrebuli kritikis obieqtad iqca, rac
aisaxa kidec klasikuri teqstebis `agresiul~, eliminirebul interpretaciaSi da
`avtoris sikvdilis~ koncefciaSi. teqstis sawinaaRmdegod wasvla, romelsac

108
 podoroga axsenebs, am koncefciis nawilia da teqstze interpretaciul `Zaladobas~
gulisxmobs.
29. `neitraluri modaloba~ _ podorogas mier gamoyenebuli es termini, romliTac aq
derida sargeblobs, vfiqrobT, axlosaa `TeTr~, `neitralur~, `gamWvirvale~
werilobasTan, romelic, postmodernizmisa da bartis mixedviT, warmoadgens
literaturaSi sityvis ganTavisuflebis saSualebas. esaa Rrmad denotaciuri
weriloba, romelic daclilia yovelgvari konotaciuri ideologiuri Sinaarsisagan,
anu, rogorc barti abobs, `antimiTologiuria~. weris is modusi, sadac `yvela
socialuri da miTologiuri niSnebi enisa qreba da adgils uTmobs neitralur da
inertul formas~. amgvari weris nimuSi bartisTvis kamius `ucxoa~, romlis stilic
efuZneba armyofobis ideas. aseTi werilobis Semqmneli SeiZleba iyos mxolod e. w.
`literaturis gareSe~ mwerali, romelic araa CarTuli aranair ideologiaSi,
romelsac mas, nebsiT Tu uneblieT, Tavs axvevs ena da stili. `nulovani werisas~ igi
gardaiqmneba `ukiduresad patiosan adamianad~ yovelgvari saidumlos, TavSesafris
gareSe. aRdgeba mwerlis Tavisufleba, romelic Seilaxa droTa ganmavlobaSi.
werilobis am doneze igi Tavisufldeba sazogadoebis zegavlenisagan da mTlianad
eqvmemdebareba sakuTar sxeuls, sqess, aracnobiers: `axla aRar amboben: `Sen gaqvs
suli, romelic unda gadaarCino. aramed: Sen gaqvs sqesi, romelic efeqturad unda
gamoiyeno~ an `Sen gaqvs aracnobieri, saWiroa, rom `man~ ilaparakos~ da a. S.
30. vfiqrob, azris am nawilSi deridas TviTSefasebas sizuste aklia, Tumca, unda
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom es TviTSefaseba dekonstruqciis avtors ekuTvnis. is, razedac
derida laparakobs _ `TrTola~ da sxva amgvari _ rogorc sxeulebrivi praqtika,
vfiqrobT, gadaWarbebaa, radgan `naivuri~ mkiTxvelisaTvis deridas teqstebi,
ubralod, gaugebaria. maT Sefasebas sworedac gamocdili, metic, Zalze
gamobrZmedili mkiTxveli sWirdeba. amitomac uwodeben `bundovan filosofoss~.
31. es axali sivrce ikavebs Tanasworuflebian adgils realobis gverdiT, mere ki
mTlianad Caenacvleba mas. adamiani erTveba TamaSis reJimSi, mis mxares _
warmosaxviTi/realurisa da TamaSi/seriozulobis opoziciaTa paradigmalur
sivrceSi. `me~-s disimilaciis pirobebSi esaa `me~-dan radikaluri gasvla, misi
Canacvleba saTamaSo praqtikiT.

109
 axali wignebi, 2007 weli

Tedo iaSvili. anderZi tarielisa,

gamomcemloba `saari~, Tb., 2007, 304 gv.

kritikos Teimuraz doiaSvilis(Tedo iaSvilis) statiebis krebuli eZRvneba

TvalsaCino qarTveli poetis _ tariel Wanturias dabadebis 75-e wlisTavs.
wignSi Tavmoyrilia avtoris mier bolo wlebSi dawerili da literaturul
periodikaSi gamoqveynebuli werilebi iubilaris Sesaxeb (`tarantuli~, `sezonis
falavani~ anu `xaipingi~ qarTulad~, `(ne)tariel RvTismetyvelis aRsarebani~...) da
mocemulia misi xangrZlivoba eqsperomentuli lirikis kritikuli Sefaseba.

soso sigua. modernizmi, Tb., 2008, 610 gv.

`modernizmis~ saxelwodebiT avtors gaerTianebuli aqvs ori wigni _ `qarTuli

modernizmi~, romelSic ganxilulia am mimarTulebis istoria da sulieri
faseulobani, da aleqsandr blokis rCeuli leqsebisa da poemebis Targmani,
romelsac uZRvis winasityva da erTvis vrceli komentarebi.

Tamar barbaqaZe. soneti saqarTveloSi,

gamomcemloba `universali~, Tb., 2008, gv. 532.

wignSi monografiulad aris Seswavlili sonetis istoriis etapebi qarTul

mwerlobaSi.
naSromSi naCvenebia, rom soneti erovnuli poeziis istoriis sxvadasxva etapze
gavrcelebul myar saleqso formaTagan dRes yvelaze ufro popularulia.
monografiaSi mWidrod aris erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli sonetis istoriisa da
Teoriis problemebi. gaanalizebulia qarTvel poetTa ZiriTadi versifikaciuli
parametrebis Seswavlis safuZvelze.
wignSi warmodgenilia, agreTve, sruli suraTi saqarTveloSi sonetis kvlevisa,
saubaria `sonetebis gvirgvinze~, romelic SedarebiT gvian Semovida CvenSi.

110
 sarCevi

Tvalsazrisi
qeTevan niniZe
bestseleri da Tanamedrove literaturuli gamowvevebi..............................................
qeTi jiSiaSvili
arturo peres — reverte
evropuli besTseleris gza.......................................................................................................

gacileba
nana mrevliSvili
ana kalandaZis poezia..................................................................................................................
maia jaliaSvili
wminda wylis mTxrobeli, epoqis mxatvari oTar CxeiZe....................................................
amiran arabuli
bursaWiri.......................................................................................................................................
miranda tyeSelaSvili
`...es cxovreba hgvanda ras?..~ ...................................................................................................

veqtorebi
nona kupreiSvili
`ramdens iwonis faratina furceli?~
(oTar WilaZis eseistur-publicisturi krebulis `bednieri tanjulis~ gamo)......
Tamar barbaqaZe
postmodernizmidan win — romantizmisaken!
(karlo kaWaravas `leqsebi~)......................................................................................................
inga milorava
`sad mividriko Tavi...~ ...............................................................................................................
zoia cxadaia
`mogzauroba sakuTari sulis garSemo~................................................................................
ada nemsaZe
`Txa da gigos~ postmodernuli versia.................................................................................

Jurnalistika
manana SamiliSvili
sareklamo diskursis pragmastilistikuri aspeqtebi.....................................................

xelovneba
koka vaSakiZe
xelovneba Tu, ubralod, asaxva?..............................................................................................

XX saukunis Teoriuli azris istoriidan

manana kvaWantiraZe
filosofia da literatura......................................................................................................

axali wignebi, 2007 weli.............................................................................................................

111