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Special-Purpose Diodes
1
The Zener Diode
Characteristic curve
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 2
Quiz
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 3
Reverse Characteristics
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Ideal Model
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Practical Model
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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The Zener Diode
+
ZZ
The zener impedance, ZZ, is the ratio of a Cathode (K)
What is the zener impedance if the zener diode voltage changes from
4.79 V to 4.94 V when the current changes from 5.00 mA to 10.0 mA?
∆VZ 0.15 V
ZZ = = = 30 Ω
∆I Z 5.0 mA
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 7
The Zener Diode
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 10
Zener Diode Applications
VIN − VZ 18 V − 8.2 V
The no load zener current is I NL = = = 9.8 mA
R 1.0 kΩ
8.2 V
This is the maximum load current in regulation. Therefore, RL = = 837 Ω
9.8 mA
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 11
Quiz
b. 6.0 mA 1.0 kΩ
+ 1N5233B RL
VIN 6.0 V
1.0 kΩ
c. 7.5 mA 15 V –
d. 9.0 mA
IL = 6 / 1k = 6 mA
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 12
Quiz
b. 6.0 mA 1.0 kΩ
+ 1N5233B RL
VIN 6.0 V
1.0 kΩ
c. 7.5 mA 15 V –
d. 9.0 mA
IL = 6 / 1k = 6 mA
ITotal = (15 – 6) / 1k = 9 mA
IZ = 9 – 6 = 3 mA
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 13
Zener Diode Applications
Control
VIN VOUT
element
Reference ground
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Zener Datasheet
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 15
Remember! Reverse Characteristics
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 16
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 17
min max ∆
VIN 4.86 25.7 20.84
VOUT 4.76 6.13 1.37
© 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Electronic Devices, 9th edition
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 18
Zener Diode Applications
+VZ1 + 0.7 V
D1
What are the maximum Vin
D2 0
positive and negative –VZ1 – 0.7 V
voltages if the zener
breakdown voltage is 5.6 V?
5.6+0.7=6.3 V ± 6.3 V
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 19
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 20
Quiz
b. +5.0 V D1
Vin
D2
c. +5.7 V
d. +10 V
5+0.7=5.7 V
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 21
Varactor Diodes
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 23
Varactor Diodes
Capacitance tolerance range are the range of values of
capacitance for a given varactor. The data sheet will show
the minimum nominal and maximum values, which are
often plotted on a graph. 100
70 TA = 25°C
50 f = 1 MHz
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 24
Varactor Diodes
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Varactor Diodes
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 26
Optical Diodes
Diodes can be made to emit light (electroluminescence) or
sense light. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) vary widely in
size and brightness – from small indicating lights and
displays to high-intensity LEDs that are used in traffic
signals, outdoor signs, and general illumination.
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 27
Typical LEDs
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Electro-luminescence
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Basic Operation of LEDs
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Optical Diodes
normalized)
0.8
Light output (n
0.5
0.4
wavelength is given on the 0.3
0.2
specification sheet. LEDs 0.1
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 31
Quiz
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 32
Optical Diodes
40° 40°
A wider viewing 40° 40°
output
50° 50°
wider pattern such
output
50° 50°
Light
as the TLDR5400:
Light
60°
60° 60°
60°
70°
70° 70°
70°
80°
80° 80°
80°
90°
90° 90°
90°
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 33
V-I Characteristic
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 34
Optical Diodes
The forward voltage drop can vary from about 1.5 V to over
3 V depending on the type of diode, its color, and the
amount of forward current. You need to take into account the
specified maximum current allowed and the diode’s forward
drop when choosing a limiting resistor.
20mA
Vs − VLED 5.0 V − 2.2 V
R= = = 140 Ω 5V
I 20 mA
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 35
Quiz
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 36
Optical Diodes
A certain bright red LED drops 2.2 V at 20 mA. What power is dissipated
by the LED?
P = IV = ( 20 mA )( 2.2 V ) = 44 mW
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 37
Applications of LEDs
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 38
Applications of LEDs
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 39
Applications of LEDs
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 40
Optical Diodes
rrent, (I λ)
window to the pn junction. It is
Reverse curr
operated with reverse bias.
Reverse current increases with
greater incident light. Dark current
0 Irradiance, H
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 41
Quiz
Q. A photodiode
a. has three layers
b. operates with reverse bias
c. is a light emitter
d. all of the above
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 42
Photodiodes
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Quiz
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Schottky Diodes
Metal-silicon junction
Cathode Anode
n
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 45
Schottky Diodes
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Common Diode Symbols
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Selected Key Terms
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
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Selected Key Terms
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved. 49