Seizure type First-line AEDs Adjunctive AEDs Other AEDs that may be Do not offer AEDs (may

considered on referral to worsen seizures)

tertiary care

Generalised tonic– Carbamazepine Clobazama (If there are absence or

clonic myoclonic seizures, or if
Lamotrigine Lamotrigine
JME suspected)
a
Oxcarbazepine Levetiracetam
Carbamazepine
Sodium Sodium
Gabapentin
valproateb valproateb
Oxcarbazepine
Topiramate
Phenytoin

Pregabalin

Tiagabine

Vigabatrin

Tonic or atonic Sodium Lamotriginea Rufinamidea Carbamazepine

valproateb
Topiramatea Gabapentin

Oxcarbazepine

Pregabalin

Tiagabine

Vigabatrin

Absence Ethosuximide Ethosuximide Clobazama Carbamazepine

Lamotriginea Lamotriginea Clonazepam Gabapentin

Sodium Sodium Levetiracetama Oxcarbazepine

valproateb valproateb
Topiramatea Phenytoin
 Zonisamidea Pregabalin

Tiagabine

Vigabatrin

Myoclonic Levetiracetama Levetiracetam Clobazama Carbamazepine

Sodium Sodium Clonazepam Gabapentin

valproateb valproateb
Piracetam Oxcarbazepine
Topiramatea Topiramatea
Zonisamidea Phenytoin

Pregabalin

Tiagabine

Vigabatrin

Focal Carbamazepine Carbamazepine Eslicarbazepine acetatea

Lamotrigine Clobazama Lacosamide

Levetiracetam Gabapentina Phenobarbital

Oxcarbazepine Lamotrigine Phenytoin

Sodium Levetiracetam Pregabalina

valproateb
Oxcarbazepine Tiagabine

Sodium Vigabatrin
valproateb
Zonisamidea
Topiramate

Prolonged or repeated Buccal

seizures and midazolam
convulsive status
Rectal diazepamc
epilepticus in the
community Intravenous
lorazepam
Convulsive status Intravenous Intravenous
epilepticus in hospital lorazepam phenobarbital

Intravenous Phenytoin
diazepam

Buccal
midazolam

Refractory convulsive Intravenous

status epilepticus midazolamc

Propofolc (not in
children)

Thiopental
sodiumc