UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICINĂ ȘI FARMACIE

“CAROL DAVILA” din BUCUREȘTI

CURS 7 ENGLEZA

Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Carol Davila” din București

Strada Dionisie Lupu nr. 37 București, Sector 2, 020021 România, Cod fiscal: 4192910
Cont: RO57TREZ70220F330500XXXX, Banca: TREZORERIE sect. 2
+40.21 318.0719; +40.21 318.0721; +40.21 318.0722
www.umfcd.ro
 UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICINĂ ȘI FARMACIE
“CAROL DAVILA” din BUCUREȘTI

Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Carol Davila” din București

Strada Dionisie Lupu nr. 37 București, Sector 2, 020021 România, Cod fiscal: 4192910
Cont: RO57TREZ70220F330500XXXX, Banca: TREZORERIE sect. 2
+40.21 318.0719; +40.21 318.0721; +40.21 318.0722
www.umfcd.ro
 UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICINĂ ȘI FARMACIE
“CAROL DAVILA” din BUCUREȘTI

Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Carol Davila” din București

Strada Dionisie Lupu nr. 37 București, Sector 2, 020021 România, Cod fiscal: 4192910
Cont: RO57TREZ70220F330500XXXX, Banca: TREZORERIE sect. 2
+40.21 318.0719; +40.21 318.0721; +40.21 318.0722
www.umfcd.ro
 UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICINĂ ȘI FARMACIE
“CAROL DAVILA” din BUCUREȘTI

NURSING

Consider the following questions:

a) Which are the main qualities of a nurse? Name a minimum of three.
b) Which are the main types of nurses?
c) What does a nurse do? Name a minimum of five things you can anticipate from your
personal experience.

2. Read and translate the following text about Nursing:

Nursing includes a range of specialties and definitions that vary from country to country.
Broadly speaking, a nurse is a person who has formally been educated and trained in the care
of the sick or disabled. Nursing includes several fields of medicine, including the prevention of
disease, caring for and monitoring the sick, and advising pregnant women, to name but a few.
This article will cover information about the role of nurses, how to become a nurse, and
information about what it is like to be a nurse.

What does a nurse do?

According to the International Council of Nurses:

"Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families,
groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of
health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people.

Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy

and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles."

Some agencies highlight the duty of nurses to assist individuals in performing activities that
contribute to health, recovery, or peaceful death that the patients would perform if they had the
strength, will, or knowledge required. Nurses strive to achieve the best possible quality of life
for their patients, regardless of disease or disability. Using clinical judgment, nurses protect,
promote and optimize health, prevent illness and injury, alleviate suffering, and advocate in
healthcare for individuals, families, communities, and populations.

Nursing is a demanding role; each year, in the United States, 653,000 nurses, aides, orderlies,
and others are injured or fall ill in the workplace - a report published in Public Citizen (July
2013 issue) wrote that healthcare is the most dangerous industry for workplace injuries and
illnesses. A nurse is a healthcare professional who is focused on caring for individuals, families,
and communities, ensuring that they attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and functioning.
Nurses are capable of assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating care independently of
physicians; they provide support from basic triage to emergency surgery.

Nurses may practice:

Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Carol Davila” din București

Strada Dionisie Lupu nr. 37 București, Sector 2, 020021 România, Cod fiscal: 4192910
Cont: RO57TREZ70220F330500XXXX, Banca: TREZORERIE sect. 2
+40.21 318.0719; +40.21 318.0721; +40.21 318.0722
www.umfcd.ro
 UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICINĂ ȘI FARMACIE
“CAROL DAVILA” din BUCUREȘTI

Clinics
Cruise ships
Hospice facilities
Hospitals
Industry (occupational health settings)
Long-term care facilities
Military facilities
Pharmaceutical companies (for example, as researchers)
Physician offices
Private homes
Retirement homes
Schools
Camps

Some nurses may also advise and work as consultants in the the healthcare, legal, or insurance
sectors. Nurses can work full- or part-time, and many work on a per diem basis or as traveling
nurses.

Different types of nurse

Nurses in the United States

Nurses can be broadly classified as:

Licensed practical nurses (LPNs)

Registered nurses (RNs)
Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs)
Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) - usually have 18 months to 2 years of training and must pass
state or national boards to renew their license. These nurses perform both simple and complex
medical procedures, but they must operate under the supervision of an RN or physician.

LPNs can administer most medications, take measurements, keep records, perform emergency
life-saving techniques like CPR, and administer basic care.

Registered nurses (RNs) - have a diploma, associate's, bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree
in nursing, many hours of clinical experience, and they must pass state board examinations
before earning the title of registered nurse.

These nurses often supervise LPNs, orderlies, and nursing assistants. RNs provide direct care
and make decisions on the care required for healthy, ill, or injured people. They provide
scientific, psychological, and technological knowledge in the care of patients and families in
several health care settings.

Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Carol Davila” din București

Strada Dionisie Lupu nr. 37 București, Sector 2, 020021 România, Cod fiscal: 4192910
Cont: RO57TREZ70220F330500XXXX, Banca: TREZORERIE sect. 2
+40.21 318.0719; +40.21 318.0721; +40.21 318.0722
www.umfcd.ro
 UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICINĂ ȘI FARMACIE
“CAROL DAVILA” din BUCUREȘTI

Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) - are RNs with advanced education, knowledge,
skills, and scope of practice. These professionals usually possess an advanced graduate degree
in nursing and have additional qualifications.

As certified nurse midwives (CNM), nurse practitioners (NP), clinical nurse specialists (CNS),
or certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNA), APRNs perform primary health care, provide
mental health services, diagnose and prescribe, carry out research, and teach the public and
other medical professionals.

Nurses in the UK
Nurses are classified as:

First level nurse

Second level nurse
Specialist nurse
Manager
Most nurses are first level nurses, and the second level nurse category is being phased out.
Nurses with more experience and extra education or training may be considered specialist
nurses.

Specialties include nurse practitioners who work in a role similar to doctors in primary care and
emergency departments, specialist community public health nurses such as school and
occupational health nurses, clinical nurse specialists who provide clinical leadership and
education, nurse consultants who provide clinical education and training and conduct research,
lecturer-practitioners who work for the NHS and universities, and lecturers who work full time
at universities. Other nurses choose to become managers, working in NHS administration.

How do you become a nurse?

To become a nurse, you must earn one of the various nursing credentials.
Common paths to the RN designation in the U.S. include:

Associate of Science in Nursing - 2-3 years of college level study with a strong emphasis on
clinical knowledge and skills
Diploma in Nursing - 3 years of study at a hospital-based school of nursing
Bachelor of Science in Nursing - 4 or 5 years that lead to the BSN/BN degree with emphasis
on leadership, research, and clinical practice
At the top of the educational ladder is the doctoral-prepared nurse. Nurses may earn a Ph.D. or
another doctoral degree, specializing in research, clinical nursing, and so forth. These nurses
practice nursing, teach nursing, and carry out nursing research.

In other parts of the world, nursing education varies.

In the United Kingdom, aspiring nurses attend a university to obtain a High National Diploma
or a Bachelor's degree in order to become a nurse. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)

Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Carol Davila” din București

Strada Dionisie Lupu nr. 37 București, Sector 2, 020021 România, Cod fiscal: 4192910
Cont: RO57TREZ70220F330500XXXX, Banca: TREZORERIE sect. 2
+40.21 318.0719; +40.21 318.0721; +40.21 318.0722
www.umfcd.ro
 UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICINĂ ȘI FARMACIE
“CAROL DAVILA” din BUCUREȘTI

determines the course requirements and qualifications. A typical student nurse completes three
42-week academic years, splitting time between theoretical and practical training.

During training, students are placed in rotations where they gain experience caring for older
adults, medical and surgical patients, communities, and patients in critical care. Nurses in the
U.K. register in at least one of four branches: adult, child, mental health, or learning disability.

3. Compare the American and the British systems with the Romanian one in terms of
education and opportunities given to nurses. Write a paragraph of 100 words:

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4. Imagine you are living in 1860. What does a nurse do? Use past tense simple:

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5. Consider the following topic: Should nurses be paid as same as doctors? Write three
arguments in favour and three against the topic.

Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Carol Davila” din București

Strada Dionisie Lupu nr. 37 București, Sector 2, 020021 România, Cod fiscal: 4192910
Cont: RO57TREZ70220F330500XXXX, Banca: TREZORERIE sect. 2
+40.21 318.0719; +40.21 318.0721; +40.21 318.0722
www.umfcd.ro