1.

Administrative requirements - Administrative requirements mean those matters common

to grants in general, such as financial management, kinds and frequency of reports, and
retention of records. These are distinguished from “programmatic” requirements, which
concern matters that can be treated only on a program-by-program or grant-by-grant basis,
such as kinds of activities that can be supported by grants under a particular program.
2. Quality requirement - Quality requirement is a common term in project management. It is
defined as the condition used to assess the conformance of the project by validating the
acceptability of an attribute or characteristic for the quality of a particular result.
3. Temporary Facility - A Temporary Facility is the construction offices and
accommodation buildings including warehouse, etc., utilities including water and
electricity, etc., and infrastructures including access way, and site security systems to be
used during the construction activities.
4. Product Requirement - A product requirements document (PRD) is
a document containing all the requirements to a certain product. It is written to allow
people to understand what a product should do. A PRD should, however, generally avoid
anticipating or defining how the product will do it in order to later allow interface designers
and engineers to use their expertise to provide the optimal solution to the requirements.
5. Execution requirements - The general execution requirements are defined by the Real
Property Act 1900 and the Conveyancing Act 1919, their Regulations and the Lodgment
Rules.
6. Facility Operation - Facilities operations refers to the management of all of the processes,
people and assets required for facility to do what it is designed to do. Facility operations
typically includes the day to day operations of the facility, as well as consideration and
execution of future maintenance and improvement needs. Depending on the industry, each
facility will have different operational procedures and requirements.
7. Facility Decommissioning - Decommissioning is the last step in the lifetime management
of a facility. It must also be considered during the design, construction, commissioning and
operation of facilities. This publication establishes requirements for the safe
decommissioning of a broad range of facilities: nuclear power plants, research reactors,
nuclear fuel cycle facilities, facilities for processing naturally occurring radioactive
material, former military sites, and relevant medical, industrial and research facilities.
8. Site remediation - The term “site remediation” refers to the following: all systematic steps
involving detection, investigation and hazard assessments of suspected contaminated sites;
reversal of deleterious changes in the soil; eliminating site pollution; follow-up measures.
9. Site Preparation - Site preparation involves the demolition or wrecking of buildings and
other structures, clearing of building sites and sale of materials from demolished structures.
Site preparation also entails blasting, test drilling, landfill, levelling, earth-moving,
excavating, land drainage and other land preparation. Also included are tunneling,
overburden removal and other development and preparation of mineral properties and sites,
except oil and gas sites.
10. Tunneling, boring and jacking - A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known as a
"mole", is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a
variety of soil and rock strata. They may also be used for micro tunneling. They can bore
through anything from hard rock to sand. Tunnel diameters can range from one metre
(3.3 ft) (done with micro-TBMs) to 17.6 metres (58 ft) to date. Tunnels of less than a metre
or so in diameter are typically done using trenchless construction methods or horizontal
directional drilling rather than TBMs.
11. Load- bearing elements - also known as Barrettes, is a term that refers to the use of single
or a multiple arrangement of rectangular elements to support significant structural loads for
structures.
12. Utility services - Utility services include telecommunications, electrical utilities, natural
gas, certain transportation services, and also water and wastewater treatment services
provided by private companies. The Division does not represent consumers of water and
wastewater services provided by city and county government agencies.
13. Drainage and containment - Spill containment is where spills of chemicals, oils, sewage
etc. are contained within a barrier or drainage system rather than being absorbed at the
surface. One method is to use an inflatable stopper or pneumatic bladder which is inserted
 into the outflow of a drainage system to create a containment vessel. In the event of a spill
the stopper bladder is inflated to block the drain/s and to prevent the spilled agent from
entering the ground water, stream or river.
14. Bases, ballasts, pavements and Appurtenances – (02700) specifications for the
furnishing of all equipment, material and labor in connection with concrete walks, curb
and gutters, curb ramps, and paving of parking areas.
15. Site improvement - alterations to the land that enhance the utility of any structure placed
on the site.
16. Amenities - are things such as stores or sports facilities that are provided for
people's convenience, enjoyment, or comfort.
17. Site restoration - Land restoration is the process of ecological restoration of a site to
a natural landscape and habitat, safe for humans, wildlife, and plant communities.
Ecological destruction is usually the consequence of pollution, deforestation, salination or
natural disasters. Land restoration is not the same as land reclamation, where
existing ecosystems are altered or destroyed to give way for cultivation or construction.
Land restoration can enhance the supply of valuable ecosystem services that benefit people.
18. Land rehabilitation - is the process of returning the land in a given area to some degree of
its former state, after some process has resulted in its damage.
Many projects and developments will result in the land becoming degraded, for
example mining, farming and forestry.
19. Concrete forms - Insulating concrete form or insulated concrete form (ICF) is a system
of formwork for reinforced concrete usually made with a rigid thermal insulation that stays
in place as a permanent interior and exterior substrate for walls, floors, and roofs. The
forms are interlocking modular units that are dry-stacked (without mortar) and filled
with concrete. The units lock together somewhat like Lego bricks and create a form for the
structural walls or floors of a building. ICF construction has become commonplace for both
low rise commercial and high performance residential construction as more stringent
energy efficiency and natural disaster resistant building codes are adopted. ICFs may be
used with frost protected shallow foundations (FPSF).
20. Concrete Accessories - means an industrial establishment used for the production of
concrete, or concrete products used in building or construction and includes facilities for
the administration and management of the business, the stockpiling of bulk materials used
in the production process or a finished product manufactured on the premises and the
storage and maintenance of required equipment, but does not include the retail sales of
finished concrete.
21. Concrete reinforcements - Reinforced concrete (RC) (also called reinforced cement
concrete or RCC) is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile
strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher
tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel
reinforcing bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the
concrete sets. Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in
particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural
failure. Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel,
polymers or alternate composite material in conjunction with rebar or not. Reinforced
concrete may also be permanently stressed (concrete in compression, reinforcement in
tension), so as to improve the behaviour of the final structure under working loads.
22. Cast-in-place concrete - Cast-in-place concrete, also known as poured-in-place, is a
concreting technique which is undertaken in situ or in the concrete component’s finished
position. Cast-in-place concrete is the preferred choice for concrete slabs and foundations,
as well as components such as beams, columns, walls, roofs, and so on.
23. Precast concrete - Cast-in-place concrete, also known as poured-in-place, is a concreting
technique which is undertaken in situ or in the concrete component’s finished
position. Cast-in-place concrete is the preferred choice for concrete slabs and foundations,
as well as components such as beams, columns, walls, roofs, and so on.
24. Cementitious Decks - Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), also called Strain
Hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC) or more popularly as bendable concrete, is
an easily molded mortar-based composite reinforced with specially selected short random
 fibers, usually polymerfibers.[1] Unlike regular concrete, ECC has a strain capacity in the
range of 3–7%,[1] compared to 0.01% for ordinary portland cement (OPC) paste, mortar or
concrete. ECC therefore acts more like a ductile metal like material rather than a
brittle glass like material (as does OPC concrete), leading to a wide variety of applications.
25. Underlayment - a material placed underneath floor carpet, other flooring materials, or
mattress bedding.
26. Grouts - thin mortar used for filling spaces (such as the joints in masonry) also: any of
various other materials (such as a mixture of cement and water or chemicals that solidify)
used for a similar purpose
27. Mass concrete - Mass concrete is defined by the American Concrete Institute as: “any
volume of concrete in which a combination of dimensions of the member being cast, the
boundary conditions, the characteristics of the concrete mixture, and the ambient conditions
can lead to undesirable thermal stresses, cracking, deleterious chemical reactions, or
reduction in the long-term strength as a result of elevated concrete temperature due to heat
from hydration.”
28. Concrete restoration and cleaning - Removing Environmental Staining, salts, nitrates,
phosphates, soot, smoke, heavy soiling, efflorescence, graffiti, etc., is often the first
improvement for proper maintenance of concrete. If contaminants become too heavy, they
can contribute to accelerated deterioration, loss of detail, and gradual erosion of the
concrete itself.
29. Masonry unit - A concrete masonry unit (CMU) is a standard size rectangular block used
in building construction. CMUs are some of the most versatile building products available
because of the wide variety of appearances that can be achieved using concrete masonry
units.
30. Stone - Hard solid non-metallic mineral matter of which rock is made, especially as a
building material.
31. Simulated masonry - A combination of plasticity-based constitutive models and XFEM to
model masonry.
32. Corrosion resistance masonry - The corrosion of reinforcing steel can be a problem in
concrete structures. Corrosion of steel produces hydrated iron oxide or rust, which is very
expansive. This expansion builds up internal pressure until the concrete fails in the form of
spalling. This is a leading cause of concrete deterioration and numerous studies have been
performed to prevent corrosion of reinforcing steel.
33. Simulated masonry - Masonry is the building of structures from individual units, which
are often laid in and bound together by mortar; the term masonry can also refer to the units
themselves. The common materials of masonry construction are brick, building stone such
as marble, granite, travertine, and limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block,
and adobe. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the
materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the
units are assembled can substantially affect the durability of the overall masonry
construction.
34. Masonry assemblies - Concrete masonry units are made from a mixture of portland
cement and aggregates under controlled conditions. The units can be made to various
dimensions, but typically have face dimensions of 8 inches high by 16 inches wide
(nominal). Concrete masonry units are typically made in forms to the desired shape and
then pressure-cured in the manufacturing plant. The units are often used when masonry is
to form a load-bearing wall or an interior partition between spaces within a building.
Concrete masonry units can be manufactured in different sizes and with a variety of face
textures.
35. Masonry restoration and cleaning - Masonry restoration is the art of bringing an existing
masonry structure back to its original condition and/or form. The primary techniques
utilized in masonry restoration are chemical cleaning, rebuilding, replacement and/or
tuckpointing.
36. Structural metal framing - Structural steel framing is a durable, reliable, cost-effective,
sustainable option for low-rise, mid-rise and high-rise building projects and typically refers
to building frame systems where the vertical and horizontal structural elements are formed
by a system of structural steel beams and columns. Column spacing is typically 25 to 45
 feet on center, with spacing variations lower and higher depending on architectural
requirements. The range of available shapes and sizes allows virtually any architectural
requirement to be met.
37. Metal joists - In structural engineering, the open web steel joist (OWSJ) is a
lightweight steel truss consisting, in the standard form, of parallel chords and a triangulated
web system, proportioned to span between bearing points. The main function of an OWSJ
is to provide direct support for roof or floor deck and to transfer the load imposed on the
deck to the structural frame i.e. beam and column.
38. Metal deck - Steel deck is a cold formed corrugated steel sheet supported by steel joists or
beams. It is used to support concrete or insulating membrane of a roof. It was developed to
provide a structurally efficient product for use in roof and floor systems.
39. Cold-formed metal framing - Cold-formed steel (CFS) is the common term for products
made by rolling or pressing steel into semi-finished or finished goods at relatively low
temperatures (cold working). Cold-formed steel goods are created by the working of steel
billet, bar, or sheet using stamping, rolling (including roll forming), or presses to deform it
into a usable product. Cold-worked steel products, such as cold-rolled steel (CRS) bar
stock and sheet, are commonly used in all areas of manufacturing of durable goods, such as
appliances or automobiles, but the phrase cold-formed steel is most prevalently used to
describe construction materials. The use of cold-formed steel construction materials has
become more and more popular since its initial introduction of codified standards in 1946.
In the construction industry both structural and non-structural elements are created from
thin gauges of sheet steel. These building materials encompass columns, beams, joists,
studs, floor decking, built-up sections and other components. Cold-formed steel
construction materials differ from other steel construction materials known as hot-rolled
steel (see structural steel). The manufacturing of cold-formed steel products occurs at room
temperature using rolling or pressing. The strength of elements used for design is usually
governed by buckling. The construction practices are more similar to timber framing using
screws to assemble stud frames.
40. Metal fabrication - Metal fabrication is the creation of metal structures by cutting,
bending, and assembling processes. It is a value-added[1] process involving the creation of
machines, parts, and structures from various raw materials. Typically, a fabrication shop
bids on a job, usually based on engineering drawings, and if awarded the contract, builds
the product. Large fab shops employ a multitude of value-added processes, including
welding, cutting, forming and machining.
41. Hydraulic fabrication - Hydraulic machines are machinery and tools that use liquid fluid
power to do simple work, operated by the use of hydraulics, where a liquid is the powering
medium. In heavy equipment and other types of machine, hydraulic fluid is transmitted
throughout the machine to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders and becomes
pressurized according to the resistance present. The fluid is controlled directly or
automatically by control valves and distributed through hoses and tubes.
42. Railroad track and accessories - The track on a railway or railroad, also known as
the permanent way, is the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, railroad ties (sleepers,
British English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade. It enables trains to
move by providing a dependable surface for their wheels to roll upon. For clarity it is often
referred to as railway track (British English and UIC terminology) or railroad
track (predominantly in the United States). Tracks where electric trains or electric
trams run are equipped with an electrification system such as an overhead electrical power
line or an additional electrified rail.
43. Ornamental metal - A construction worker who builds steel structures.
44. Expansion control - An expansion joint or movement joint is an assembly designed to
safely absorb the temperature-induced expansion and contraction of construction materials,
to absorb vibration, to hold parts together, or to allow movement due to ground settlement
or earthquakes. They are commonly found between sections
of buildings, bridges, sidewalks, railway tracks, piping systems, ships, and other structures.
45. Metal restoration and cleaning - Conservation and restoration of metals is the activity
devoted to the protection and preservation of historical (religious, artistic, technical and
ethnographic) and archaeological objects made partly or entirely of metal.
EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY

TACLOBAN CITY

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED

DISCIPLINE

BUILDING TECH

RESEARCH NO. 2
(DEFINITION OF TERMS)

SUBMITTED BY:

BALAGA, IVAN A.
BSAR-3B

SUBMITTED TO:

AR. CHERRY ACEBEDO. UAP

INSTRUCTOR
EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY

TACLOBAN CITY

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED

DISCIPLINE

BUILDING TECH

RESEARCH NO. 2
(DEFINITION OF TERMS)

SUBMITTED BY:

Maderazo, Duke Martin

BSAR-3B

SUBMITTED TO:

AR. CHERRY ACEBEDO. UAP

INSTRUCTOR