ROAD AUTOMATION SYSTEM

PROJECT REPORT

GROUP MEMBERS: SAMAN SHAHID

FATIMA IRFAN
 MPI PROJECT REPORT
Road Automation System

Introduction
Street lighting system
Internet is playing a vital & important role in our everyday lives. It is showing great innovations
over traditional systems and other traditional and general household equipment to make our
lives better. It is a combination of Operational Technology and Information Technology which
allows unstructured machine-generated data to be analyzed for insights that will drive
improvements. Street lights are one of the main city assets which provides safe roads and
enhanced security in homes as well as city centers. According to a survey, 30% of any city’s
electricity is consumed by lighting the streets. Our project will be able to switch the lights ONN
in the evening when the sun’s light doesn’t remain enough for any movement and they are
switched off in the morning when there is enough natural sunlight. In some cities and places, the
street lights remain ONN in the daytime as well which is not a good energy saving mode. Our
project on the other hand is energy efficient and saves energy effectively during the daytime.
Wastage of electricity is a national loss and we consider ourselves accountable for it as a
responsible citizen. Along with the automation of street lights we also have installed barriers with
the lights in order to maintain discipline of the roads.

Traffic Management System

Our intelligent system will also be able to demonstrate a traffic signal management that will be
handled by one administrator. Our main initiative is to have absolutely no traffic jam and
forcefully make everyone obey the traffic rules. Our system is basically incorporating 2 aspects
of Road Automation System.

Figure 1 Traffic Lights Automation System Figure 2 Basic Architectural Overview

Working
The project considers the intensity of light to make decisions for (ONN/OFF) control system. In
this project the day and night mode can be identified by fixing a particular intensity value on LDR
sensor and street light can be controlled by IR sensor. First we installed the chips which consist
of a microcontroller having various different forms of sensors like light intensity sensors, IR
sensors and surveillance camera etc. The PC will receive the required data from the chips and it
would also transmit the controlling action to the chip by the consistent programming at the
Arduino application. The Arduino application has the code written in it. In the automatic street
light controlling system, street lights are controlled by sensing the intensity of atmospheric light.
Fault detection of streetlights is also possible as a part of this system.
In the traffic lights automation system, traffic block is detected and the information is transmitted
via a power line by using suitable modulation/electronic techniques. The automatic streetlight
controlling system circuit consists of Arduino mega, four streetlamps, Switching relay and two
LDR’s.
Two LDR’s are connected with each of the four lamps. One of the lamp is placed over the lamp
for identifying intensity of atmosphere and the other is used to monitor the lamp health status
which is placed inside the street lamp. The intensity of light is always changed by the LDR
Resistance as it is directly proportional to it. As the intensity increases, the resistance offered by
the sensor decreases and with decrease in light intensity the resistance offered by the
sensor increases. This feature helps in finding the amount of light intensity at that instant of time
to regulate the lighting of the lighting system according to the scenario. LDR senses the light
and sends data to Microcontroller, Arduino mega. According to the program code in Arduino,
when the atmospheric intensity becomes less than the threshold value, street light is made ON
automatically using a switching relay. The LDR sense the status of the lamp and send it to arduino
where it process the given information and the information is sent to the control station via the
power line. Every streetlamp status is monitored by the control station and at the receiver side,
microcontroller used is Arduino UNO. The automatic on/off switching is performed by the light
sensors placed inside the street light circuits. The streetlights are automatically made OFF during
the daytime and made ON during the night time when it’s all dark.
In the traffic monitoring system traffic is detected with the help of IR sensors. Infrared Obstacle
Sensor Module has built in IR transmitter and IR receiver that sends out IR Energy and looks for
reflected IR energy to detect presence of any obstacle in front of the sensor module.
Application:
Traffic management is a major issue in our country which has to be catered throughout the
country if we want clear smooth trouble free traffic just like the western countries are operating.
I have experienced the reason why most of our traffic issues occur. The reason is poorly managed
traffic administration. Street lighting is very poor in certain areas leading to most accidents during
night time.
Our Road Automation System helps in planning a well-organized road architecture and
transportation. It helps in planning and management of complex systems. It will help in the
capacity enhancements while improving operations related to road safety because traffic rules
are to obeyed by every citizen of the country which has to be monitored by a single responsible
administrator who knows about the management system. This project is made functional keeping
in mind all the management issues which low maintenance projects faces all the time. The
automatic street lighting benefits its users because no one has to employed to switch ONN the
lights when the sun sets down neither someone has to be employed to switch OFF the lights
when the sun is high up in the morning and we don’t require the artificial lighting. In this way
there is no wastage of light energy because the LED determines when there is a requirement to
make the street lights functional and when there is totally the need to put them off in order to
save the energy by identifying the most strategic investments for keeping the transportation in
our country running optimally. The road’s infrastructure looks better with this way of managing
the traffic on daily basis. Management is our key solution in this project because that’s what has
made the most developed countries developed throughout the years.
Street Lighting Inefficient in Many Areas Of Pakistan And Why?
According to my observation, the reason why many areas of our country lacks a simple utility as
simple as street lighting is the cost of getting efficient LED operated lighting management system
which doesn’t require a person to manually do it every time when there is a requirement while
making sure they are saving energy efficiently. Yes, you are right that’s not possible manually.
Human Errors takes over the power to make energy consumption to almost 100%.
What’s New With Our Street Lighting System?
Our management system will make sure the energy consumption is lowest as the LED senses
when there is a requirement to make the lights serviceable with keeping our service with the
lowest rates as possible for the government to purchase it from us for even the remotest areas
of the country because our goal is to make Pakistan’s infrastructure look better with highest
energy saving efficient system which is highly affordable for all areas with low budgets funded by
the governments keeping it cost efficient as well.
Figure 3 Our Plan

Figure 4 Experimental Setup

Circuital Diagrams

Figure 5 Traffic lights Circuital Overview

Figure 6 Installation of Equipment

Resources:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323203296_IoT_based_street_lighting_and_traffic_manage
ment_system
https://www.academia.edu/37062884/AUTOMATIC_STREET_LIGHT_CONTROL_AND_TRAFFIC_INFORM
ATION_USING_POWER_LINE_COMMUNICATION