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2π π
t= dt π
5 3 (ii) = ( 2rx − x 2 ) .
5 dx k
t = s. π
k∫
6 t= ( 2rx − x ) dx . 2
d 1
x = v 2 = 18x 3 + 27 x 2 + 9 x .
(c) (i) r
dx 2 Let T1 be the time to fill up to and T2 be the time
4 3
1 2 9x 9x 2
v = + 9x 3 + + C. 2r
2 2 2 to fill up to .
3
When x = −2,v = −6, r
r
π π
3 3
18 = 72 − 72 + 18 + C.
T1 =
k ∫ 3
( 2rx − x 2 ) dx = k rx 2 − x3
C = 0. 0
0
∴ v 2 = 9( x 4 + 2x 3 + x 2 ) = 9x 2 ( x + 1)2 π r3 r3 πr3 8
= − = × .
dx k9 81 k 81
(ii) v = = −3 x ( x + 1) (the minus sign is taken to satisfy
dt 2r
2r
π π x3 3
that when x = −2, v = −6)
∫ ( ) k 3
3 2 2
T2 = 2rx − x dx = rx −
dt 1 k 0
0
−3 =
dx x ( x + 1) π 4r 3 8r 3 π r 3 28
1 = − = × .
−3t =
∫x ( x + 1)
dx k 9
T 28
81 k 81
1 ∴ 2 = = 3.5.
(iii) 3t + C = ln 1 + T1 8
x ∴T2 is 3.5 times T1.
1 1
When t = 0, x = −2,C = ln 1 − = ln . (d) (i) tanα − tan β = tan(α − β ) (1 + tanα tan β )
2 2
∴ tan(n + 1)θ − tan nθ = tanθ (1 + tan(n + 1)θ tan nθ )
1 1 2
3t = ln 1 + − ln = ln 2 + . 1
x 2 x RHS = tanθ (1 + tan( n + 1)θ tan nθ )
tanθ
2
e 3t = 2 + . = 1 + tan(n + 1)θ tan nθ
x
= LHS.
2
= e 3t − 2. (ii) When n = 1, LHS = tanθ tan2θ ,
x
From (i), tan nθ tan(n + 1)θ =
2
x = 3t . −1 + cot θ ( tan( n + 1)θ − tan nθ )
e −2
∴ tanθ tan2θ = −1 + cot θ ( tan2θ − tanθ )
Q5 = −1 + cot θ tan2θ − 1
dy = −2 + cot θ tan2θ = RHS.
(a) = −7e −0.7t
dt Assume tanθ tan2θ + tan2θ tan3θ + ...
y − 3 dy + tan nθ tan(n + 1)θ = −(n + 1) + cot θ tan( n + 1)θ .
But e −0.7t = ,∴ = −0.7( y − 3).
10 dt Required to prove that
x
e
(b) f ′( x ) = tanθ tan2θ + tan2θ tan3θ + ... + tan nθ tan(n + 1)θ
1+ e x
+ tan(n + 1)θ tan( n + 2)θ = −(n + 2) + cot θ tan(n + 2)θ .
LHS = −(n + 1) + cot θ tan(n + 1)θ + tan(n + 1)θ tan(n + 2)θ gα cosθ
∴V > .
= −( n + 1) + cot θ tan(n + 1)θ − 1 2 sinθ (1 − sinθ )
+ cot θ ( tan( n + 2)θ − tan(n + 1)θ ) (b) (i) P (at least 3 not complete) = P (3 not complete)
= −( n + 2) + cot θ tan(n + 2)θ 4
+P (4 not complete) = pq 3 + q 4 = 4 pq 3 + q 4
= RHS. 3
∴The statement is true for n + 1. (ii) P(a 4 member team scores point) = 1 − P(at least 3 not
Since the statement is true for n = 1, and n + 1 if true for n, it complete) = 1 − 4pq 3 − q 4
is true for all n ≥ 1.
= 1 − 4(1 − q )q 3 − q 4
Q6 = 1 − 4q 3 + 4q 4 − q 4 = 1 − 4q 3 + 3q 4
2 (iii) P(a 2 member team scores point) = 1 − P(both not
2 1 1
(a) (i) L2 = (Vt cosθ − α ) + Vt sinθ − gt 2 − Vt + gt 2 complete) = 1 − q 2 .
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= V t cos θ − 2αVt cosθ + α + V t sin θ + V t 2 2 (iv) 1 − q 2 > 1 − 4q 3 + 3q 4 .
3q 4 − 4q 3 + q 2 < 0.
−2V 2 t 2 sinθ
3q 2 − 4q + 1 < 0, dividing by q 2 ,
= V 2t 2 ( cos2 θ + sin2 θ ) + V 2t 2 − 2αVt cosθ + α 2
(3q − 1)(q − 1) < 0
−2V 2 t 2 sinθ 1
< q < 1.
= 2V 2 t 2 − 2αVt cosθ + α 2 − 2V 2t 2 sinθ 3
= 2V 2 t 2 (1 − sinθ ) − 2αVt cosθ + α 2
Q7
dL2
(ii) = 4V 2 t (1 − sinθ ) − 2αV cosθ 1 1
dt (a) A = r 2 ( 2θ − sin2θ ) = × ( 2θ − 2 sinθ cosθ )
dL2 2αV cosθ α cosθ 2 2
= 0 when t = 2 = 2
= r (θ − sinθ cosθ ).
dt 4V (1 − sinθ ) 2V (1 − sinθ )
d 2 L2 w2 1 w
= 4V 2 (1 − sinθ ) > 0,∴ The distance is (b) A = 2
θ − sin2θ , since w = r × 2θ ,∴ r = .
dt 2 4θ 2 2θ
α cosθ 1
minimum when t = . (1 − cos 2θ )θ 2 − 2θ (θ − sin2θ )
2
2V (1 − sinθ ) dA w 2
=
Substituting to (i) dθ 4 θ4
α 2 cos2 θ 2α 2V cos2 θ 2
L2 = 2V 2 (1 − sinθ ) − +α 2 w (1 − cos 2θ )θ − 2θ + sin2θ
4V 2 (1 − sinθ )2 2V (1 − sinθ ) =
4 θ3
α 2 cos2 θ α 2 cos2 θ
= − +α 2 w 2 −θ − θ cos 2θ + sin2θ )
2(1 − sinθ ) 1 − sinθ =
4 θ3
α 2 cos 2 θ α 2 (1 − sin2 θ )
=α2 − =α2 − w 2 −θ − θ (2cos2 θ − 1) + 2 sinθ cosθ )
2(1 − sinθ ) 2(1 − sinθ ) =
4 θ3
α 2 (1 + sinθ )
=α2 − w 2 −2θ cos 2 θ + 2 sinθ cosθ
2 =
4 θ3
α (2 − 1 − sinθ ) α 2 (1 − sinθ )
2
= = 2
2 2 w cosθ −θ cosθ + sinθ
=
1 − sinθ 2 θ3
∴The smallest distance is α .
2 w 2 cosθ (sinθ − θ cos θ )
= .
(iii) If particle 1 is ascending then y > 0 . 2θ 3
V sinθ − gt > 0 (c) g (θ ) = sinθ − θ cos θ .
α cosθ g ′(θ ) = cosθ − ( cosθ − θ sinθ )
V sinθ − g >0
2V (1 − sinθ ) = θ sinθ > 0 for 0 < θ < π .
2
2V sinθ (1 − sinθ ) − gα cosθ > 0. ∴ g (θ ) is increasing for 0 < θ < π .
gα cosθ When θ = 0, g (θ ) = 0,∴ g (θ ) > 0 for 0 < θ < π .
V2 > .
2 sinθ (1 − sinθ )
dA
(d) = 0 when cosθ = 0, since sinθ − θ cosθ > 0
dθ
π
∴θ = .
2
∴ Only 1 value of θ .
(e)
π
θ 1 2
2
cosθ 0.54 0 −0.42
dA
dθ
π
∴ The area of the gutter is maximum when θ = .
2
w 2 (π − 0 ) w2
Maximum area = = .
2π 2 2π