TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs

Topic Outline
 Computer Evolution: A Brief History
 Understanding Computer: Basic definition
 Basic Computer Operations (hands-on)

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
 A Brief History

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Abacus
 a simple counting aid
 make computations
using a system of
sliding beads arranged
on a rack

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Pascaline
 Invented by Blaise Pascal
in 1642
 Numerical wheel
calculator  adding
machine

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Difference Engine
 an automatic,
mechanical calculator
designed in 1822 to
tabulate polynomial
functions
 designed by Charles
Babbage who is regarded
by many as the father of
Based on Babbage's original plans,
computers the London Science Museum
constructed a working Difference
Engine No. 2 from 1989 to 1991

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Analytical Engine
 conceived by Babbage in
1834
 designed to evaluate any
mathematical formula

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
First-Generation Computers
(1940-1956)
 characterized by the use
of vacuum tubes
 expensive and bulky
 used machine language
for computing and could
solve just one problem at
a time
 does not support
multitasking

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Second Generation Computers
(1956-1963)
 transistor based computers
replaced vacuum tubes
 transistors made computers
smaller, cheaper and energy
efficient
 but transistors were
responsible for the emission
of large amounts of heat from
the computer
 FORTRAN, ALGOL, and
COBOL are first standardized
programming languages

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Third Generation Computers
(1964-1971)
 use of Integrated Circuits (IC)
 increase in speed and
efficiency of computers
 Operating systems were the
human interface to computing
operations and keyboards and
monitors became the input-
output device
 BASIC (Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code)
became the dominant
programming language

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Fourth Generation Computers
(1971-Present)
 introduction of microprocessors
 first workstation introduced in
1974
 first personal computer
introduced in 1975
 first portable computer
introduced in 1981
 IBM Personal Computer (PC)
introduced in 1981
 first personal digital assistant Apple® Macintosh
Osborne 1
(PDA)introduced in 1983 Intel 4004 microprocessor
 Apple Computer's Macintosh Casio PF-3000
AltoMITS
IBM®Altair
PC 5150
workstation
personal computer introduced
in 1984
Basic ICT & e-Learning Training Course for AEWs
Fifth Generation Computers
(Present and Beyond)
 new computers are under development to be based on
principles of artificial intelligence and natural
language recognition

Basic ICT & e-Learning Training Course for AEWs

 Basic Definition

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Computer
 A machine that performs
the four basic operations
of the information-
processing cycle:
 Input
 Processing
 Output
 Storage

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Computer System
 A collection of related
components that are
designed to work
together
 A system includes
hardware and software.

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Computer Hardware
 The physical parts of a
computer and related
devices.
 The internal hardware
parts of a computer are
often referred to as
components, while
external hardware
devices are usually called
peripherals.

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Software
 All the programs that A list of instructions that
give the computer its tell the computer how to
instructions perform the four basic
operations to accomplish
a task
 Two categories of
software:
 System software
 Application software

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
System Software
 commonly known as
Operating system
 provides the
infrastructure over
which programs can
operate
 manages and controls
computer hardware

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs
Application Software
 any tool that functions
and is operated by means
of a computer
 employs the capabilities
of a computer directly and
thoroughly to a task that
the user wishes to
perform
 examples are word
processors, spreadsheets,
and media players
Basic ICT & e-Learning Training Course for AEWs
 Hands-on

TOT on Palaycheck System with Basic ICT & e-Extension Orientation for AEWs