DPSG-CRT-MATHS-XII-5-DPSGV

Delhi Public School Ghaziabad Vasundhara

CHAPTER-12 LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Class XII (Mathematics)

Points to remember:-

Linear programming is the method used to obtain minimum value of objective function restricted to some
linear constraints.

• Constraints: – The linear in equations or restrictions on the variables of a linear programming

problem are called constraints.
• Objective function: - A linear programming problem is on that is concerned with finding the
optimal value (maximum or minimum) of a linear function of several variables. This linear function
is called objective function z, z = ax + by, a and b are constants.
• Types of linear programming problems are : -
(i) Diet problems (ii) Manufacturing problems (iii) Transportation problems.
• Feasible Region: It is the common region determined by all the constraints of a linear
programming problems.
• To find feasible region : - Draw the graph of all linear inequations and shade common region
determined by all the constraints.
• Feasible Solutions: - Points with in and on the boundary of the feasible region represents feasible
solutions of the constraints.
• Optimal feasible solution: - It occurs at the corner point of the feasible region. So evaluate function
z at each corner point and select the point which optimizes z according to question.

1. A man has Rs. 1500 to purchase two types of shares of two different companies S1 and S2. Market price of
one share S is Rs. 180 and of S2 is Rs. 120. He wishes to purchase a maximum of ten shares only. If one
share of type S1 gives a yield of Rs. 11 and of type S2 Rs. 8 then how much shares of each type must be
purchase to get maximum profit? And what will be the maximum profit.

2 .Daily wages of two tailors A and B is respectively Rs. 150 and Rs. 200. ‘A’ can stitch 5 shirts and 2 pairs
of trousers per day, while B can stitch 5 shirts and 2 pairs of trousers per day. How many days should
each of them work if it desired to product at least 20 shirts and 16 pairs of trousers at a minimum labor
cost?

3. A dealer wishes to purchase two types of dinner sets, type I and II. He has only Rs. 5760 to invest and
has space for at most 20 dinner sets. Cost of type A and B dinner sets is Rs. 360 ad Rs. 240 respectively.
He earns a profit of Rs.44 and Rs. 36 respectively on type I and II type of dinner sets respectively.
Assuming that he can sell all the dinner sets he buys, how should he invest the money in order to
maximize the profit? Find Maximum profit also.

4. An airline agree to charter planes for a group. The group needs at least 160 first class seats and at least
300 tourist class seats. The airline must use at least two of its model 314 planes which have 20 first class
and 30 tourist class seats. The airline will also use some of its model 535 planes which have 30 first class
seats and 60 tourist class seats Each flight of a model 314 plane costs the company Rs. 1 lac, and each
flight of a model 535 plane costs Rs. 1.5 lac How man of each type of planes should be used to minimize
the flight cost Solve this as a LPP.
5. A dietician mixes together two kinds of foods in such a way that the mixture contains at least 6 units of
vitamin A, 7 of vitamin B, 11 units of vitamin C, and 9 units of vitamin D. The vitamin contents of 1 kg
of food X an 1 kg of food Y are given below: -
Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D

Food X 1 1 1 2
Food Y 2 1 3 1

One kg of food X cost Rs. 5, whereas one kg of food Y costs Rs. 8. Find the least cost of mixture which
will produce the desired diet.

6. If a young man drives his motorcycle at 25 km per hour, he has to spend Rs. 2 per kilometer on petrol. If
he drives it at a faster speed of 40 km per hour, the petrol cost increases to Rs. 5 per kilometre. He has
Rs. 100 to spend on petrol and wishes to find the maximum distance he can travel within one hour.
Express the as linear programming problem and then solve it.

7 .Mr. Jain wants to invest Rs. 1, 00, 000 in Public Provident Fund (PPF) and in National Bonds. He has to
invest at least Rs. 40, 000 in P.P.F. and at least Rs. 20, 000 in bonds. If rate of interest on PPF is 9% per
annum and that on bonds is 6% per annum, how should he invest the money annual income? Also find the
maximum annual income.

8. A man owns a field of area 1000 sq.m.He wants to plant fruit trees in it.He has a sum of Rs. 1400 to
purchase young trees.He has the choice of two types of trees.Type A requires 10 sq.m of ground per tree
and costs Rs 20 per tree and type B requires 20 sq.m of ground per tree and costs Rs 25 per tree.When
fully grown, type A produces an average of 20kg of fruit which can be sold at a profit of Rs 2 per kg type
B produces an average of 40kg of fruit which can be sold at a profit of Rs 1.50 per kg.How many of each
type should be planted to achieve maximum profit when the trees are fully grown ? What is the maximum
profit ? Why we should grow more and more trees ? Comment

9. A company has factories located at each of two planes P and Q. From these locations a certain
commodity is delivered to each of three depots situated at A, B and C. The weekly requirements of the
depots are respectably 8, 8 and 9 units of the commodity while the weekly production capacities of the
factories at P and Q are respectively 10 and 15 units. The cost of transportation from P to A, B, C is
Rs.10, Rs. 12, Rs. 15 respectively per unit and from Q to A, B, C is Rs. 15, Rs. 3, Rs. 10 respectively per
unit. How many units should be transported from each factor to each depot in order that the
transportation cost is minimum. Formulate the above LPP mathematically and then solve it.

10. A manufacturing company makes two types of television sets; one is black and white and the other is
colour. The company has resources to make at most 300 sets a week. It takes Rs 1800 to make a black
and white set and Rs 2700 to make a coloured set. The company can spend not more than Rs 648000 a
week to make television sets. If it makes a profit of Rs 510 per black and white set and Rs 675 per
coloured set, how many sets of each type should be produced so that the company has maximum profit?
Formulate this problem as a LPP given that the objective is to maximise the profit.

11. A manufacturer of electronic circuits has a stock of 200 resistors, 120 transistors and 150 capacitors and
is required to produce two types of circuits A and B.Type A requires 20 resistors, 10 transistors and 10
capacitors. Type B requires 10 resistors, 20 transistors and 30 capacitors. If the profit on type A circuit is
Rs 50 and that on type B circuit is Rs 60, formulate this problem as a LPP so that the manufacturer can
maximise his profit.

12. A firm has to transport 1200 packages using large vans which can carry 200 packages each and small
vans which can take 80 packages each. The cost for engaging each large van is Rs 400 and each small
van is Rs 200. Not more than Rs 3000 is to be spent on the job and the number of large vans can not
exceed the number of small vans. Formulate this problem as a LPP given that the objective is to
minimise cost.
13. A company manufactures two types of screws A and B. All the screws have to pass through a threading
machine and a slotting machine. A box of Type A screws requires 2 minutes on the threading machine
and 3 minutes on the slotting machine. A box of type B screws requires 8 minutes of threading on
the threading machine and 2 minutes on the slotting machine. In a week, each machine is available for
60 hours. On selling these screws, the company gets a profit of Rs 100 per box on type A screws and
Rs 170 per box on type B screws. Formulate this problem as a LPP given that the objective is to
maximise profit.

14. A company manufactures two types of sweaters : type A and type B. It costs Rs 360 to make a type A
sweater and Rs 120 to make a type B sweater. The company can make at most 300 sweaters and spend at
most Rs 72000 a day. The number of sweaters of type B cannot exceed the number of sweaters of
type A by more than 100. The company makes a profit of Rs 200 for each sweater of type A and Rs 120
for every sweater of type B. Formulate this problem as a LPP to maximise the profit to the company.

15. A man rides his motorcycle at the speed of 50 km/hour. He has to spend Rs 2 per km on petrol. If he
rides it at a faster speed of 80 km/hour, the petrol cost increases to Rs 3 per km. He has atmost Rs 120 to
spend on petrol and one hour’s time. He wishes to find the maximum distance that he can travel.
Express this problem as a linear programming problem.

16. A manufacturer produces two Models of bikes - Model X and Model Y. Model X takes a 6 man-hours to
make per unit, while Model Y takes 10 man-hours per unit. There is a total of 450 man-hour available
per week. Handling and Marketing costs are Rs 2000 and Rs 1000 per unit for Models X and Y
respectively. The total funds available for these purposes are Rs 80,000 per week. Profits per unit for
Models X and Y are Rs 1000 and Rs 500, respectively.How many bikes of each model should the
manufacturer produce so as to yield a maximum profit? Find the maximum profit.

17. A company makes 3 model of calculators: A, B and C at factory I and factory II. The company has
orders for at least 6400 calculators of model A, 4000 calculator of model B and 4800 calculator of model
C. At factory I, 50 calculators of model A, 50 of model B and 30 of model C are made every day;
at factory II, 40 calculators of model A, 20 of model B and 40 of model C are made everyday. It costs
Rs 12000 and Rs 15000 each day to operate factory I and II, respectively. Find the number of days each
factory should operate to minimise the operating costs and still meet the demand.

18. A manufacturer of patent medicines is preparing a production plan on medicines A and B . There are
sufficient raw materials available to make 20,000 bottles of A and 40,000 bottles of B , but there are
only 45,000 bottles into which either of the medicines can be put . Further, it takes 3 hours to prepare
enough material to fill 1,000 bottles of A , it takes 1 hour to prepare enough material to fill 1,000 bottles
of B and there are 66 hours available for his operation . The profit is Rs.16 per bottle for A and Rs.14
per bottle for B. How should the manufacturer schedule his production in order to maximize his profit?
A man finds that a chemist in his locality was selling spurious medicines since long time. He reports
the matter to the police. What value is reflected by the man in reporting such cases to the police.

19. A manufacturer makes two products,A & B.Product A sells at Rs 200 each and takes ½ hour to make
Product B sells at Rs 300 each and takes 1 hour to make.There is a permanent order for 14 units of
products of A and 16 units of product B. A working week consists of 40 hours of production and the
weekly turnover must not be less than Rs 10000.If the profit on each product A ia Rs 20 and on
product B is Rs 30 , then how many of each should be produced so that the profit is maximum ? Also
find the maximum profit.

20 . Two tailors A and B earn Rs 300 and Rs 400 per day respectively. A can stitch 6 shirts and 4 pairs of
trousers while B can stitch 10 shirts and 4 pairs of trousers per day. To find how many days should
each of them work and if it is desired to produce at least 60 shirts 32 pairs of trousers at minimum
labour cost ,formulate this as an LPP and find the minimum labour cost. (2017)
 21. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically (2017)
(i) Maximise 𝑍 = 7𝑥 + 10𝑦 , 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
4𝑥 + 6𝑦 ≤ 240 , 6𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 240 , 𝑥 ≥ 10 , 𝑥 ≥0, 𝑦≥0

(ii) Maximise 𝑍 = 34𝑥 + 54𝑦 , 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 300 , 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 70 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦≥0

(iii) Maximise 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 , 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 100 , 2𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 0 , 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 200 , 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦≥0