Disease Definition Pathognomonic Etiologic Agent Modes of Incubation Period Clinical Manifestations Exams and Tests Prevention Medical

nifestations Exams and Tests Prevention Medical Nursing Complication

Sign Transmission Management Management s

SARS A potentially life SARS-associated Droplet Contact Maximum of 10 days Dry Cough Blood Clotting Test Oxygen Isolation Respiratory
threatening viral Coronavirus (SARS- Dyspnea Blood Chemistry Test Antibitiotics Do not share foods, Failure
infection COV) Fever more than 40C Chest x-ray/ CT scan High Doses of Steroids drink, & utensils Liver & Heart
Other breathing sx CBC Antiviral Meds Coughing technique Failure
Sneezing Etiquette
Regular Hand Hygiene

Legionnaire’s Disease Type of pneumonia Legionella Airborne 2-10 days E.S. Slight Fever, HA, WBC Count Quinolones(Ciprofloxacin) Monitor client’s VS
caused by bacteria Pneumophila Myalgia, malaise, anorexia Chest X-ray, CS Macrolides(erythromycin) especially RR.
L.S High fever, cough, Direct Replace Fluid &
dyspnea,chills,chest pain Immunoflourescence of electrolytes
Respi. Tract Secretion Provide Mechanical
Vent.
Give antibiotics

West Nile Virus A single stranded RNA Single stranded RNA Vector (Mosquito) 3-14 days Fever, HA, Fatigue,skin rash Total leukocyte Count NO specific Tx. Proper clothing
virus of the family of virus; Family on the trunk,swollen lymph Serum Electrolytes Supportive Care Mosquito Sprays
Flaviviridae Flaviviridae glands, eye pain Lumbar Puncture Drain Stranding H2O
CT-scan, MRI Avoid Crowds
Mosquito Control

Hantavirus Pulmonary Is a rare, but mostly Sim Nombre Virus Vector (Rodenta) 3-6 weeks Fever, HA, stomach pain. Chest X-ray, CBC No specific Tx. Assess RR and ABG Respiratory
Syndrome serious lung infection Lower back pain, sometimes Supportive Care values, IV therapy Failure
(Bunyaviridae) N/V Fluid Replacement Monitor serum level
Maintain Patent Airway
Emotional Support
H1N1 (Swine Flu) Respi. Disease caused Influenza Virus Person to Person 1-7 days Fever, HA, chills, Nasopharyngeal Swab Cover Nose and Antiviral Medications Cover Nose and mouth
by virus that infects the fatigue, cough, sore Polymerase Chain mouth when coughing Local meds-Bioflu when coughing and
respi. tract of pigs throat Reaction assays(PCR) and sneezing Vaccine sneezing
Wash Hands Wash Hands
Avoid close contact to Avoid close contact to
sick persons sick persons
Increase OFI Increase OFI

Bird Flu (Avian Disease caused by Genus of People who have 3-7 days Fever, Reverse Transcription- Wash hands, cook Antiviral Medications Bed Rest
Influenza) virus that affects birds Orthomyxoviridae cpntact w/ birds HA,Tiredness,dry PCR (Rt-PCR) chicken well Local Meds- Bioflu Hand Washing
family of virus Eating Poultry cough,sore throat, Vaccine VS monitoring
Respiratory Droplets nasal congestion, body Increase OFI
(person to person) aches Avoid alcohol/tobacco

Ebola Virus Severe & often deadly Family of Filoviridae Direct Contact with 2-21 days Fever,myalgia,HA,Vomi CBC NO specific Tx. Isolation
illness that can occur (Filovirus) bloods, secretion & ting,, diarrhes, rash, Electrolytes Fluid & electrolytes Inrease OFI
in person and primates fluids of sick and internal bleeding, sore Coagulation Studies Therapy Bed Rest
deceased persons throat ELISA Transfusion of Fluids Hand washing
Monitor I&O

Marburg Virus A fatal disease w/c Family of Filoviridae Person to Animal 3-9 days HA, malaise, CBC, ELISA Transfusion of fresh frozen Inrease OFI
reservoir host is (Filovirus) Person to Person myalgia,fever,N/V, Coagulation Studies plasma Hand Washing
African Fruit Bat abdominal pain Urine & throat Use of Heparin Bed Rest
(Rousettus Swab(obtained w/in 7 Antibiotic VS Monitoring
Aegyptiacus) days of onset) Antimalarial

Meningococcal It is caused by gram Neisseria Meningitidis Person to person 3-4 days Axiety, Fever,HA, Irritability, Blood culture, CBC with Antibiotics (IV) Bed Rest
Meningitis negative bacteria thorugh respiratory Myalgia, nausea, differential, clotting Breathing Support Platelet Adequate Ventilation
(Bacteremia) droplets Rash(petichiae) Studies Replacement, IV Fluids Monitor I&O
(PT, PTT)

Tuberculosis An acute or chronic Hemoptysis Mycobacterium Airborne-droplet 4-6 weeks Low-grade fever, night Sputum AFB, Chest X- Ripamficin Isolation
(Mycobacterium) that is characterized Tuberculosis, TB sweating, loss of appetite, ray, Tuberculin Test, Isoniazid Proper coughing and
by pulmo infiltration. Bacillus, Koch’s fatigability, hemoptysis Mantoux Test, Tine Pyrazinamide Sneezing Technique
Bacillus Test Ethambutol
Streptomycin
Anthrax Disease caused by Bacillus Anthracis Inhalation Inhalation: 1-5 days Inhalation: flu like symptoms Blood Culture Antibiotics Isolation
Bacillus Anthracis Ingestion Cutaneous: 1-7 days Cutaneous: Skin Lesions Gram Stain Vaccine Contact Wound and
Inoculation Gastrointestinal: 2-7 G.I: N/V, anorexia, fever DFA Skin precaution
days ELISA Hand Wash

Histoplasmosis Infection that varies in Histoplasma inhalation 5-18 days PAH: Mild Respiratory illness Blood and Sputum Itraconazole(Sporanox)
symptoms and Capsulatum PDH: anorexia, weight loss Culture Ketoconazole(Nizoral)
seriousness CPH: Mimics pulmonary TB Serology Tests, CBC Amphotericin B

Bubonic plague Zoonotic Disease Yersinia Pestis 2-6 days Blister(lea bite site), high fever Blood and sputum tests Environmental Antibiotics(Streptomycin, Monitor VS
(swollen gland) among small rodents and chills, HA, swollen glands, Urine dipstick Test Sanitation gentamicin, doxycycline, Regulate IV Fluids
and fleas swollen groin,armpit,neck Gram Staining Public Education ciprofloxacin Proper Hygiene
lymph nodes IV Fluids Wound Care
Supplemental Oxygen

Dengue Fever An acute febrile Herman’s Sign Flavivirus 1,2,3,4, Vertor Brone 3-14 days; commonly 7- Malaise,Anorexia,Fever and Torniquet Test Analgesics except aspirin Monitor VS
disease caused by an family of Togaviridae 10 days Chills, rash Platelet count IV Infusion Observe capillary refill
infection Hemoconcentration Blood Transfusion Monitor I&O
Hemoglobin Oxygen Therapy Drink plenty of 1500-
determination 2000ml
Occult Blood Monitor IV line.

Malaria An acute or chronic Fever and Paroxysmal P.Falciparum Vector Borne P.Falciparum: 12 days Myalgia, profuse sweating, Malarial Smear Wear long sleeve Anti-Malarial Drugs Monitor VS, I&O.
parasitic disease Chills P.vivax & ovale P.vivax&ovale:14 days paroxysmal with shaking chills Rapid Diagnostic Test clothing Chloroquine Perform TSB
transmitted by the bite P.Malariae: P.Malariae:30 days Rising fever with severe HA Avoid outdoor night Quinine Drink plenty of fluids
of infected mosquito. activities Sulfadoxine
Primaquine
Rabies A specific, acute, viral Hydrophobia Rhabdovirus Vector Borne 10 – 15 days Prodromal Phase Fluorescnet Rabies Vaccination of all dogs Antiranies vaccine Isolation
infection Aerophobia Excitement Phase Antibody Public Health Tetanus antiserum Optimum Comfort
communicated to man Terminal Phase Virus Isolation Education Emotional and spiritual
by the saliva of an Presence of Negri needs
infected animal. Bodies Quite Environment
Should not be bathed.

Rocky Mountain Tickborne disease, Rickettsia rickettsii Vector borne 3 to 12 days (Piliteri) Reddened area develops at CBC, blood exam. Untreated Doxycycline
spotted fever most common 2 to 14 days (CDC) the site of the tick bite, Serology, skin biopsy Chloramphenicol
(Neuroborreliosis) ricketsial disease seen persistent headache, fever, taken from rash,
in US, N/V, abdominal pain, lack of urinalysis
appetite

Lyme disease One form of rheumatic Borrelia Burgdorferi Vector borne 3-32 days Bulls eye, severe headache, ELISA, western blot, Antibiotic therapy,
(Neuroborreliosis) joint disease, included stiff neck, fever, chills, joint polymerase chain Doxycycline
as connectice tissue pain,, severe malaise reaction
disorder bec. The skin,
joints, nervous system,
heart are involved

Parrot fever Infectious disease that Bacterium chlamydia Droplets, vector 5-14 days Dry mouth, fatigue, Antibody titer, blood Avoid exposure to Doxocycline, Azithromycin,
(Psittacosis) is usually transmitted fever&chills, headache, serious culture, blood gases, birds, proper Erythromycin, Rifamfin
to humans from birds lung problems CT scan, sputum handwashing
culture

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Direct contact, 50-189 days or 2 to 5 Fever, malaise, anorexia, N/V, Albumin level, liver
mos. abdominal discomfort function tests,
prothrombin time

Hepatitis C A liver disease caused HCV Percutaneos RUQ pain. Dark urine, fatigue, EIA assay, hepatitis C
by the hepatitis C virus exposure to blood fever, jaundice genotype
Hepatitis D Viral infection of the HDC Contact with body Fulminant hepatitis,fatigue, Liver biopsy, anti-delta Caution is a must,
liver that can only be fluids abdominal pain, jaundice agent hand wash, adequate
acquired if a person rest, sleep, exercise
has active Hepa B

Pediculosis Infestation of the hairy Parasitic form of lice, Person to person 2-3 weeks or longer Itching, a tickling feeling, sores Avoid contact, good Kwell shampoo for 30 min.,
parts of the body vector borne on the bed personal hygiene,

Lassa fever Zoonotic disease Lassa virus Direct contact, 6-21 days Fever, gen. weakness, Promote good Ribavirin Isolation precautions,
person to person malaise, headache, sore hygiene, disposing of wearing masks, gloves,
throat, muscle pain, chest pain garbage, maintain gowns
clean households

Pinworm disease Infect the intestines Enterobius Vernicularis Person to person, 2-6 weeks Difficulty sleeping, intense Scotch tape test Wash hands after Albendazole Wear gloves, cut nails,
(Enterobiasis, itching, infected skin using the bathroom, Mabendazole hand hygiene
Oxyuriasis, wash bedding
threadworm,
Seatworm)

Herpangina Viral illness that Coxsackie group A Fecal-oral route 4-14 days Fever, headache, loss of Acetaminophen, use Eat a non-irritating diet, dehydration
involves ulcers and viruses appetite, sore throat, painful topical anesthetics increase fluid intake
sores swallowing