Design Problem

A heat exchanger is to be designed to heat raw water by the use condensed water at 67 o C and 0.2
bar, which will flow in the shell side with a mass flow rate of 60,000 kg/hr. The heat will be
transferred to 40,000 kg/hr of city water coming from a supply at 17o C (Cp  4184 J/kg  K) . A

single shell and a single tube pass is preferable. A fouling factor resistance of 0.000176m2 K/W is
suggested and the surface over design should not be over 35%. A maximum coolant velocity of
1.5 m/s is suggested to prevent erosion. A maximum tube length of 3 m is required because of
space limitations. The tube material is carbon steel (k  60 W/m  K) . Raw water will flow inside
of 3/4in straight tubes (19 mm OD with 16 mm ID). Tubes are laid out on a square pitch with a
pitch ratio of 125. The baffle spacing is approximated of 0.6 m of shell diameter, and the baffle
cut is set of 25%. The permissible maximum pressure drop on the shell side of 5.0 psi the water

outlet temperature should not be less than 40 o C . Perform the preliminary analysis.

Material Balance

Assumption made during mass balance.

 Steady state condition
 No leakage
 No accumulation

Distilled water out

40,000 kg/hr.

Raw water in Raw water out

Heat Exchanger
60,000 kg/hr. 60,000 kg/hr.

Distilled water in
40,000 kg/hr.
 Figure 1.1: Mass Balance

Energy Balance

Distilled water out

At 40°C

Raw water in Raw water out

Heat Exchanger
At 67°C At

Distilled water in
At 17°C

Figure 1.2: Energy Balance

Assumptions made during energy balance

 The heat exchanger operates under steady state, steady flow conditions
 Heat transfer to the surrounding is negligible
 The temperature of each fluid is uniform over every cross section
 The specific heat at constant pressure is constant for each fluid
 Longitudinal heat conduction in the fluid and the wall are negligible.
 The overall heat transfer coefficient between the fluids is constant throughout the
heat exchanger