Design of Gantry Girders

PREPARED BY
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Components of an Overhead
Crane

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Crane Notations

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Data For Overhead Cranes

Load and other details of crane should be obtained from the

manufacturers of cranes.

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Typical Data for 40t Crane

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Loads on Gantry Girder

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Transverse horizontal force (surge) on a
crane girder during travelling of crane
 The transverse horizontal force generated either of the 2 following
factors or by a combination both of it :-
i. Thrust from sudden application of the brakes of the crab motor,
causing abrupt stoppage of the crab and load when transversing
the crab girders. This thrust is resisted by the frictional force
developed between the crab wheels and crab girders, is then
transferred to the crosshead girders of the crane and finally
transferred as point loads through the main wheels of the crane
into the top flange of the crqane girders.
ii. A crane often drags weights across the shop floor. If the weight is
very heavy, this pulling action induces a transverse horizontal
component of force ( a point load) on the crane girders through
the crane wheels.

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Transverse horizontal force
(cont’)
 This transverse horizontal force will be transferred to the crane
girders through the double-flanged crane wheels on the end
carriages and crane are designed to avoid the possibility of
derailment.
 Due to the difficulties in determining this kind of force, the
horizontal transverse force on each gantry girder is equal to 10%
of the total load lifted by considering :-

Value of total transverse horizontal force = 1/10 x weight of (lift load + crab)

This force should be shared equally between the two gantry girders

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 Longitudinal horizontal force
 During the travelling of the crane, the sudden application of
brakes induces frictional resistance to the sliding of the locked
wheels upon a rail fixed to the gantry girder. This frictional
resistance, in turn, generates a horizontal force along the length of
the gantry girder and finally transfers to the columns that support
the gantry girder.
 Assume that the coefficient of friction, μ for steel sliding on steel is
0.2. Consider the maximum vertical wheel load on the gantry
girder, which occurs when the load lifted is at the nearest
allowable position to the gantry girder. So :-
Maximum wheel load on the nearest gantry girder = maximum reaction
from crane (load lifted + half the dead weight of crane) = W = R

For example ;- Maximum on wheel load = W1(L-I)/L + W2/2 = W = R

Load lifted = W1
Self-weight of the crane = W2
Distance of the load lifted from the nearest
gantry girder = I
Crane span (centre to centre of cross head ) = L Longitudinal horizontal force developed = Rμ= 0.2R

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Limiting Deflection

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Profiles Used for Gantry Girders

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Steps for Design
 Preparation of a suitable and workable
structural model to meet the requirements of
machines, equipment, loadings and
environment.
 Assume the design parameters
 Assume the section and size of structural
components
 Consider load cases for each type of load or
force
 Carry out analysis for each characteristic
load case by any suitable method

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Allowable Ecc. Of Load and
Clamping Rails to Girder

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Column Profiles

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Column Bracket Details
-Light Cranes

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Connection at the Top Flange

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Torsion on Column due to
Longitudinal Forces

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Gantry Supported on Stepped
Column

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Two Adjacent Gantry
Supported on Column

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Do not Connect Girder Webs to
Columns

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Bracings for Columns

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Crane Stops

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Worked Example
Design gantry girders to support an overhead electric travelling crane of
2900kN/600kN capacity that carries a molten-steel pot. The girders are
subjected to very high vertical impacts, transverse horizontal surges and
longitudinal horizontal. This is due to the sudden application of brakes of a
heavily loaded-moving crane, possible slip of a sling with a load, cross-
travelling of crabs with a load and also the dragging of loads across the
working floor. Normal rolled universal beams will not be adequate to resist
moments and shear for supporting this type of travelling crane, therefore
consider a built-up welded-plate girder. Adopt a simply supported gantry
girders, particularly for very heavily loaded girders.

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Layout plan of columns and cranes

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 Worked Example (cont’)
 Given :-
Crane capacity = 2900kN/60kN/10kN
Maximum wheel load = 520kN
Number of wheels in crossheads or end carriage =4
Number of end carriages on each end of crane = 2 spaced at 10.2m
Spacing of wheels = 1.2m, 1.5m. 1.2m
End clearance crane = 600mm (minimum)
Minimum headroom from rail top = 4500mm

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THANK YOU!

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