Petroleum aromatic (aniline)

1 -Production of aniline

2 - Using of aniline

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Crude oil
1-light fraction
2-heavy fraction (Lubricating, Residual fuel oil, Asphalt)

Aromatic compounds in crude oil

1-mononuclear aromatics

2-Poly-nuclear aromatics
-In petroleum, PAHs exist mostly as alkyl substituted ring systems such that the
substitutent alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl) replace (substitute for) the
hydrogen atoms on the rings. Normally, high-molecular-weight poly-aromatics
contain several heteroatoms such as sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen

Types of compounds in crude oils

1 -sulfur compounds in crude oils
the presence of sulfur in gasoline can promote corrosion of engine parts and
produce sulfur oxides upon combustion, contributing to air pollution.

2- nitrogen compounds in crude oils

3-oxygen compounds in crude oils

1- Production of aniline by many method

3- from aromatic
a- distillation process of crude oil
Crude oil  naphtha

b- The Reforming Process

1- hydroforming process
The naphtha is first purified to remove sulphur , and then mixed with recycled
hydrogen and heated to about 500°C,
2-This mixture passes into a series of reactors containing a catalyst, normally
platinum/alumina. Modern plants run at a lower pressure of 5 atmospheres and use
continuous catalyst regeneration. This means the catalyst is withdrawn on a
continuous basis and conveyed through a regeneration system before being
returned to the reactor
Products
Naphtha is converted into a series of branched alkanes, cycloalkanes and
aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzene is formed from hexane

C- Separation of Aromatics
Benzene forms azeotropic mixtures with many C6 - C8alkanes
These mostly involve using solvents that dissolve the aromatic components
(mostly benzene, methylbenzene and di-methylbenzene) but not the alkanes.
Very polar solvents are used for this technique, for example alcohols.

Uses of aniline
-In dye industry as a precursor to indigo (blue)
-As fungicides to kill organisms
-As fuel for rockets
-Preparation of methylene di-aniline