7

SET-I
1. Concentrated nitric acid (HNO 3 ) oxidises phosphorus (b) The mechanism for the formation of carbocation is
as follows
(P4 ) to phosphoric acid (H 3PO 4 ). H
P4 +20HNO 3 ¾® 4H 3PO 4 + 20NO 2 + 4H 2O (1) +
CH2 + H—O—H ¾® CH3—CH2 + H2O (1)
+
(Conc.) CH2
4 3 2 1
2. H 3 C ¾ C == C ¾ C H 2 ¾ OH Or
½ ½ Products obtained when butan-2-ol reacts with CrO 3
CH 3 Br and SOCl 2 , respectively are as follows
2-bromo-3-methylbut-2-en-1-ol (1) OH O
3. (a) Catalyst lowers the activation energy and changes ½ CrO 3 ½½
(a) CH 3CH 2 C H CH 3 ¾ ¾¾ ® CH 3CH 2C CH 3 (1)
the path of the reaction. (½)
Butan -2-ol Butan -2-one
(b) A catalyst does not alter Gibbs energy (DG ) of a (2°- alcohol)
reaction. (½) OH
4. In allylic halides, the halogen is bonded to the ½ SOCl 2
(b) CH 3CH 2 C H CH 3 ¾¾®
sp3 -hybridised carbon atom next to a carbon-carbon
Butan -2- ol
double bond. Thus, Cl
X ½
CH 3CH 2 C HCH 3 + SO 2 ­ + HCl
2- bromobutane (1)
3-halo cyclohex-1-ene
is an allylic halide. (1) 7. 1 mole of Al = Avogadro’s constant
= 6.023 ´ 10 23
5. The colloid which is formed when a liquid is dispersed 1 mole of aluminium (Al) = 27 g = 6.02 ´ 10 23 atoms
in a solid is gel. e.g. butter. (1)
\ Number of atoms present in 1 g of Al
6. (a) Electron with drawing groups such as ¾NO 2 6.02 ´ 10 23
=
increases the acidic character while electron 27 (1)
releasing group such as ¾CH 3 decreases the
acidic character thus, the increasing order of Number of atoms present in 81 . g of Al
acidic strength is 6.02 ´ 10 23 ´ 8.1
=
OH OH OH 27
Face centred cubic (fcc) unit cell contains 4 atoms.
6.02 ´ 10 23
\Number of unit cells = ´ 81
.
27 ´ 4
CH3 NO2 = 4.52 ´ 10 22 (1)
(p-cresol) (Phenol) (p-nitrophenol) (1)
 8. Structures Two half-reactions for the given redox reaction can be
(i) H 2SO 3 (ii) HClO 3 written as
2 Fe 3+(aq ) + 2e - ¾® 2 Fe 2+(aq )
2I- ¾® I2 + 2e -
S Cl
HO O , O OH 2 moles of electrons are involved in the reaction,
OH O hence n = 2.
Sulphurous acid Chloric acid
(1 ´ 2) Therefore, by substituting all the values in Eq.
we get (i)
9. Mercury cell is suitable for low current devices like \ D r G° = - (2 mol)×(96500 C mol -1)×(0.236 V)
hearing aids, watches etc.
= - 45548 J
The electrode reactions of a mercury cell can be
written as D r G° = - 45.55 kJ (1½)
(b) Given, current (i ) = 0.5 A, time (t ) = 2 h
At anode
Quantity of charge (Q ) passed
-
Zn(Hg) + 2O H ¾® ZnO (s) + H 2O + 2e - (1) = Current (i ) ´ time (t )
At cathode = (0 . 5 A) ´ (2 ´ 60 ´ 60 s) = 3600 C
- Again, Q = ne -
HgO(s) + H 2O + 2e - ¾® Hg(l) + 2O H (½)
where, n = number of electrons
Overall reaction of the cell is written as e - = charge on electron
Zn(Hg)+HgO(s) ¾® ZnO(s)+Hg(l) (½) Q 3600 C
\ n= - = = 2250 ´ 1019
10. (a) Na[Au(CN)2 ] - Sodium dicyanidoaurate (I) (1) e . ´ 10 -19 C
16
(b) [Pt(NH 3 )4 Cl(NO 2 )]SO 4 -Tetraamminechlorido Thus, number of electrons = 2 . 250 ´ 10 22 (1½)
nitrito-N-platinum (IV) sulphate (1)
13. Linkage, isomerism arises in a coordination
11. (a) Silicon carbide (SiC)- Covalent or network solid. compound containing ambidentate ligand. Hence,
In covalent or network solids, constituent particles (a) [Co(NH 3 )5 (SCN)]2 + exhibit linkage isomerism due
are atoms. to presence of SCN which is an ambidentate
Argon (Ar) - Molecular solid (Non-polar). ligand and can linked with metal either through
In non-polar molecular gases, constituent particles N or S.
are atoms (noble gas-Ar, He) etc. are known as [Co(NH 3 )5 SCN]2 + and [Co(NH 3 )5 NCS]2 + (1)
monoatomic molecules. These have intermolecular (b) The complex in which one or more unpaired
van dar Waals’ forces. (1)
electrons are present is paramagnetic while those
(b) Yellow colour of ZnO is due to metal excess which does not contain any unpaired electron is
defect. Zinc oxide (ZnO) which is white in colour on diamagnetic.
heating loses oxygen and turns yellow. 3d 4s 4p
1 Ni atom (Z=28)
ZnO ¾ ¾ ¾¾® Zn 2+ + O 2 + 2e -
Heating
2 Oxidation state of Ni is + 2 in both the complexes
The excess Zn 2+ ion thus, formed, get trapped into i.e. [NiCl 4 ]2- and [Ni(CN)4 ]2- .
vacant interstitial sites and the electrons in the 3d 4s 4p
space vacant by oxygen atoms, (called holes), Ni2+=
these holes are responsible for the yellow colour of
In case of [NiCl 4 ]2- , Cl - is a weak field ligand so
ZnO. (1)
pairing of electrons in 3d-orbital does not occur,
(c) A large variety of solid state materials have been hence compound is paramagnetic with two unpaired
prepared by combination of group 12 and electrons. In [Ni(CN)4 ]2- , CN - is a strong field ligand,
16 elements to stimulate average valency of four
hence pairing occurs and [Ni(CN)4 ]2- is diamagnetic.
e.g. ZnS, CdS, CdSe and HgTe. In these (1)
compounds, the bonds are not perfectly covalent (c) For tetrahedral complexes, the crystal field
and the ionic character depends on the stabilisation energy is lower than pairing energy,
electronegativities of the two elements. (1) so they are rarely formed in low spin state. (1)

12. (a) Standard Gibbs free energy is given by
DG° = - nFE°cell
where, n = number of moles of electrons transfered
F = Faraday’s constant = 96500Cmol -1
E° cell = Cell potential
14. (a) Multimolecular colloid These are aggregates of
…(i) atoms or molecules with diameter less than 1 nm.
Associated colloid These colloids are produced
by the aggregates of a large number of ions
because of the attraction towards oppositely
charged ions in concentrated solution. (1)
 (b) Coagulation It is a process of aggregating 19. (a)
together the colloidal particles so as to change
them into large sized particles which ultimately Polymer Monomer
settle as a precipitate. (a) Nylon-6, 6 HOOC(CH2 )4 COOH
Peptisation It is the process of converting freshly H H O O Adipic acid
prepared precipitate into colloidal sol by shaking it ½ ½ ½½ ½½ and H2N(CH2 )6NH2
¾
[ N ¾(CH2 )6 ¾N ¾C ¾(CH2 )4 ¾C ¾
]n Hexamethylene diamine
with the dispersion medium in the presence of small
amount of electrolyte. (1)
(c) Homogeneous catalysis and (b) Melamine formaldehyde
H2N N NH2
Heterogeneous catalysis Refer to Delhi set I —HN NH—CH2— HCHO
N +
Q. 14 (c). (1) N N Formaldehyde

Or N N
NH2
(a) Dispersed phase of milk = Liquid (½) Melamine
NH
Dispersion medium of milk = Water (liquid) (½) n
(b) Both physisorption and chemisorption depends on
the surface area and increases with an increase of (c) Buna-S CH2 == CH ¾CH == CH2
surface area. (1) ¾[CH2 ¾CH==CH ¾CH2 1,3-butadiene
(c) The sol Fe(OH)3 is prepared by the hydrolysis of +C 6H5CH ==CH2
C6H5 Styrene
ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) ½
FeCl 3 + 3H 2O ¾® Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl (1) ¾CH2 ¾C H ¾
]n
Sol

2.303 a
20. (a) Anionic detergents Refer to Delhi set I Q. 20 (a). (1)
15. For a first order reaction, K = log (b) Limited spectrum antibiotics Antibiotics which kill
t a- x
or inhibit a short range of gram positive or gram
where, k = Rate constant
negative bacteria are called narrow spectrum
a = initial concentration
antibiotics. If they are effective against a single or
(a - x ) = concentration after time ‘ t ’.
few microorganism, they are known as limited
When a first order reaction is 25% complete in
spectrum antibiotics, e.g. penicillin. (1)
20 min.
a = 100, a - x = 100 - 25 = 75, t = 20 min. (1) (c) Antiseptics Refer to Delhi set I Q. 20 (c). (1)
2 . 303 a 2 . 303 100 21. (a) White phosphorus is less stable because it exist in
\ k= log = log
t a- x 20 75 discreet form and therefore, more reactive than the
2 . 303 red phosphorus and also under normal conditions
= [log 4 - log 3] = 0 . 0143 min -1 because of angular strain in the P4 molecules of
20 (1)
white phosphorus where the angles are only 60°.
For 75% completion of reaction, P P P P
a = 100, a - x = 100 - 75 = 25, k = 0.0143 min -1 60°
P P P P P P P P
2 . 303 a 2 . 303 100
t = log = log P P P P
k a - x 0.0143 25 White Red
2 . 303 phosphorus phosphorus
= log 4 = 96.961 min. (1)
0 . 0143 (1) (b) Halogens have the smallest size in their respective
periods and therefore, have high effective nuclear
16. Refer to Delhi set I Q. 16. (3)
charge. As a result, they readily accept one electron
17. (a) Zone refining Refer to Delhi Set II Q. 13(b). (1) to acquire the stable electronic configuration of the
nearest noble gas. In other words, large amount of
(b) Froth floatation process Refer to Delhi Set energy is released when a halogen atom accepts
Q. 17 (b). (1)
an electron to form the corresponding halide ion
(c) Chromatography Refer to Delhi Set II Q. 13(c). (1) and thus, halogens have maximum negative
NH / D Br /KOH ( aq ) electron gain enthalpies. (1)
18. ¾® CH 3CONH 2 ¾ ¾2 ¾ ¾ ¾
(a) CH 3COOH ¾ ¾3¾ ¾®
Acetic acid - H2O Acetamide ( A)
(c) N 2 O 5 is more acidic than N 2O 3 because N 2O 3 is
CHCl 3 + Alc. KOH the anhydride of nitrous acid, HNO 2 . N 2O 3
CH 3NH 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾¾® CH 3NC dissolves in water to form the unstable acid.
Methylamine Methyl isocyanide
( B) (C ) (1½) N 2O 3 + H 2O ¾® 2HNO 2
+ NaNO /Cu, D Unstable
(b) C 6H 5 N 2 BF4- ¾ ¾ ¾2 ¾ ¾® C 6H 5NO 2 ¾Fe
¾/HCl
¾
¾®
-N2, -NaBF4 Nitrobenzene Reduction On the other hand, N 2O 5 is the anhydride of nitric
( A) acid, HNO 3 × N2 O 5 dissolves in water to form nitric
CH3COCl / Pyridine acid.
C 6H 5NH 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾¾® C 6H 5NHCOCH 3
–HCl N 2O 5 + H 2O ¾® 2HNO 3 (1)
Aniline Acetanilide
( B) (C ) (1½)
22. Rerfer to Delhi set I Q. 22 (1) For glucose solution,
W2 = 10 g, M2 = 180 g mol -1, W1 = 90 g
23. Refer to Delhi set I Q. 23. (4) 10 1000
Molality of glucose solution = ´
24. (a) (i) ns and (n - 1) d-electrons of transition metals 180 90
participate in bonding, which results in various = 0.617 mol kg -1
oxidation states. When only ns electrons take DTf = K f m
part in bonding, they exhibit lower oxidation 4
states, whereas when, (n - 1) d-electrons \ DTf (glucose) = ´ 0.617 = 7.617 k
alongwith ns electrons participate in bonding, 0.324 (1)
they exhibit higher oxidation states. (1) Hence, freezing point of glucose solution
= 27315. - 7.617 = 265 .533 K (1)
(ii) The outermost electronic configuration of Zn, Cd
(b) (i) Molality (m) is defined as the number of moles of
and Hg are as follows,
the solute dissolved in per kilogram of the solvent.
Zn = [Ar ]18 3 d 10 ,4s2
Moles of solute
Cd = [Kr ]36 4 d 10 ,4s2 Molality (m) = (1)
Mass of solvent (in kg)
Hg = [Xe ]54 , 5 d 10 ,6 s2
(ii) The molar masses that are either lower or higher
In Zn, Cd and Hg, all the electrons in d-subshell than the expected or normal values are called
are paired. Hence, the metallic bonds present in abnormal molar mass. (1)
them are weak and they are soft metals. (1) Or
(iii) Refer to Delhi set I Q. 24 (a) (iii). (1) (a) Given, p1° = 23 . 8 mmHg, W2 = 30 g, W1 = 846 g
(b) Refer to Delhi set I Q. 24 (b). (1) For solute (urea), M2 = 60 g mol -1
Or For solvent (H 2O), M1 = 18 g mol -1
(a) Ti 4 + - [Ar]18 3 d 0 = 0 unpaired electrons According to Raoult’s law,
V 2 + - [Ar]18 3 d 3 = 3 unpaired electrons p°1 - p1 n2
= (1)
Mn 3 + - [Ar]18 3 d 4 = 4 unpaired electrons p°1 n1 + n2

Cr 3 + - [Ar]18 3 d 3 = 3 unpaired electrons p°1 - p1 n2 W2 / M2

Þ = = (for dilute solution)
(i) Ti 4+ is most stable in aqueous solution because p° 1
n1 W1 / M1
it exhibit inert gas configuration. (1) 23. 8 - p1 W2 M1
(ii) Mn 3 + is a strong oxidising agent and it can easily Þ = (1)
23. 8 W1 M2
reduced to Mn 2 + because Mn 2 + has half-filled 23. 8 - p1 30 ´ 18
(t 23 g ) electronic configuration, so it is stable. (1) Þ = = 0.0106
23. 8 846 ´ 60
(iii) Ti 4 + is colourless due to absence of electrons in Þ 23.8 - p1 = 0.0106 ´ 23.8 Þ p1 » 23.54 mm
d-orbital. (1) (1)
(b) The differences between ideal and non-ideal
(b) (i) 2 MnO -4 + 16H + 5S
+ 2-
¾® 2Mn 2+
+ 5S +8H 2O solutions are as follows :
(ii) 2KMnO 4 ¾ ¾¾® K 2MnO 4 + MnO 2 + O 2 (1 ´ 2)
Heat
Ideal solution Non-ideal solution
25. (a) Kept Concept First, calculate the value of molality (i) Each component in (i) Their components in
W ´ 1000 solution obeys solution do not obey
(m); of sucrose using m = solute and Raoult’s law at all Raoult’s law. They show
Msolute ´ Wsolvent temperature and positive and negative
then, calculate the cryoscopic constant (K f ) by concentrations. deviations from Raoult’s law
using depression in freezing point, DTf = K f ´ m (ii) Dmix H = 0 , Dmix V = 0 (ii) Dmix H ¹ 0, Dmix V ¹ 0
Finally, calculate the DTf of glucose solution (2)
Followed by freezing point of glucose solution 26. (a) (i) Cyclohexanone when reacts with hydrogen
using, Tf = DTf + Ti cyanide (HCN) it form cyclohexanone cyanohydrin
Q DTf = Tf - Ti O HO CN
where, Tf = final temperature , Ti = initial temperature
For sucrose solution, HCN (1)
¾¾®
W 1000
Molality of sucrose solution = 2 ´
M2 W1 Cyclohexanone Cyclohexanone
-1
cyanohydrin
Given, W2 = 10 g, M2 = 342 g mol , W1 = 90 g
(ii) The sodium benzoate reacts with soda lime to give
10 1000
Molality (m) = ´ = 0.324 mol kg -1 benzene
– +
342 90 COONa
DTf for sucrose solution = 273.15 - 269.15 = 4 k
(1)
DTf = K f ´ m CaO
+ NaOH ¾® +Na2CO3
4 D
Kf = K kg mol -1
0.324 (1) Sodium benzoate Benzene
 (iii) But-2-en-1 nitrile on reaction with DIBAL-H (ii) Stephen reduction The reduction of nitrile in the
followed by water gives presence of stannous chloride (SnCl 2 ) and
(a) DIBAL-H
CH 3CH == CH ¾CN ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾¾® hydrogen chloride followed by hydrolysis is called
But -2- en -1-nitrile (b) H2O Stephen reduction.
CH 3CH == CH ¾ CHO (1) SnCl 2 + 2HCl ¾® SnCl 4 + 2[H]
But -2- en -1- a l Dry ether
(b) (i) Butanal being an aldehyde reduces Tollen’s CH 3CN + 2 [H] + HCl ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾¾® CH3CH ¾ NH.HCl
Acetonitrile 290-295 K Acetaldimine
reagent to shiny silver mirror but butan-2-one hydrochloride
being a ketone does not reduces Tollen’s reagent.

¾¾®
-
Boiling
D
CH 3CH 2CH 2CHO + 2 [Ag(NH 3 )2 ]+ + 3O H ¾¾ ® H 2O
Butanal Tollen’s reagent
CH3CHO + NH4Cl
CH 3CH 2CH 2COO - + 2Ag ¯ + 4NH 3 + 2 H 2O Acetaldehyde (1)
Silver mirror
O COOH COCl CHO
½½ H2/Pd+BaSO4
CH 3CH 2 C CH 3 ¾ Tollen's
¾ ¾ ¾® No silver mirror (1) SOCl2 + S or quinoline
Butan -2-one reagent (b) (i) ¾¾¾¾¾¾®
–SO2, –HCl Boiling xylene
(ii) Benzoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to Benzoyl (Rosenmund Benzaldehyde
Benzoic acid
chloride reduction)
produce effervescence of carbon dioxide (1)
whereas phenol does not. –+
–+ COCH3 COONa COOH
COOH COONa
I /NaOH +
D HO
+ NaHCO3 ¾® + H2O+CO2 (ii) ¾¾¾¾¾¾®
2
¾®
3
(Iodoform reaction)
Benzoic acid Sodium benzoate Acetophenone Sodium Benzoic acid
(1) benzoate
Or (1)
(1)
(a) (i) Etard reaction The oxidation of toluene to (i) Cl /Red phosphorus
(iii) CH3CH2COOH ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
2

benzaldehyde with a solution of chromyl chloride (ii) H2O

Ethanoic acid
(CrO 2Cl 2 ) in the presence of CS 2 or CCl 4 is called
Etard reaction. Cl

—
CH3 CH(OCrOHCl2)2 CH3—CH—COOH
CS2

¾®
+ 2CrO2Cl2 ¾® NaOH
Chromyl
Toluene chloride Chromium complex OH
+
—
¾®

H3 O
CHO CH3—CH—COOH
2-hydroxy
ethanoic acid
(1)
Benzaldehyde

SET-II
CH 3
1. In benzylic halide, the halogen atom bonded to the
sp3 -hybridised carbon atom next to an aromatic ring ½
5. Given, compound is CH 3 ¾O ¾C ¾ CH 3
i.e. to a benzylic carbon. Thus, ½
CHCl2 CH 3
is a benzylic halide. (1)
The IUPAC name is 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane. (1)
6. (a) XeF4 (b) BrF5
3. When conc. HNO 3 oxidises I2 , iodic acid, HIO 3 is
F F F F
obtained.
I2 + 10HNO 3 ¾® 2HIO 3 + 10NO 2 + 4H 2O (1) Xe Br
F F F F
4. Foam is obtained when gas is dispersed in liquid.
F (1 ´ 2 )
e.g. whipped cream. (1)
 7. Leclanche cell is commonly used in transistors. The 2Cu 2S + 3O 2 ¾® 2Cu 2O + 2SO 2 ­
electrode reactions of Leclanche cell can be written as 2Cu 2O + Cu 2S ¾® 6Cu + SO 2 ­ (1)
At anode Zn(s) ¾® Zn 2+ (aq )+ 2e - (1) (c) The substances which selectively prevent certain
At cathode type of particles from forming the froth with the
2MnO 2 (s) + 2NH+4 + 2e - ¾® Mn 2O 3 (s) + 2NH 3 (g ) bubbles are called depressants. e.g. in case of an
ore containing ZnS and PbS, NaCN is used as
+ H 2O(l ) depressant. (1)
NH 3 formed in reaction at cathode combines 19. (a) Cationic detergents are quarternary ammonium
with Zn 2+ to form the complex like [Zn(NH 3 )4 ]2+ (1) salts of amines with acetates, chlorides or
bromides as anions. The cationic part possesses a
9. (a) Potassium trioxalatoaluminate (III)
long hydrocarbon chain with a positive charge on
K 3 [Al(C 2O 4 )3 ] (1)
nitrogen atom. e.g. cetyltrimethylammonium
(b) Dichloridobis(ethane-1, 2-diamine)cobalt (III)
bromide used in hair conditioners.
[CoCl 2 (en)2 ] + (1) +

14. (a) Sodium sulphate-Ionic solid CH 3

In ionic solids, constituent particles are ions. ½
CH 3(CH 2)15 ¾ N ¾CH 3 Br–
Hydrogen-Non-polar molecular solid
½
In non-polar molecular solids, constituent particles CH 3
are either atoms (noble gas- Ar, He) or the (1)
molecules formed by non-polar covelent bonds (b) Broad spectrum antibiotic Antibiotics which kill or
[H 2 , Cl 2 and I2 ] (1) inhibit a wide range of harmful or disease causing
(b) When AgCl is doped with CdCl 2 , two Ag + ions will bacteria are called broad spectrum antibiotics.
be replaced by one Cd 2+ ion to maintain electrical These are equally effective against gram-positive
neutrality. Thus, a hole is created at the lattice site and gram-negative bacteria (both). e.g. ampicillin
for every Cd 2+ ion introduced. Hence, the crystal and amoxycillin. (1)
becomes conductor. (1) (c) Tranquiliser The chemical compounds which are
(c) The substances which have a net dipole moment used for the treatment of stress, mild and severe
due to unequal parallel and anti parallel alignment mental diseases are known as tranquilisers,
of magnetic moments are called ferrimagnetic e.g. equanil. They form an essential component
substances and the substances which have net of sleeping pills. (1)
magnetic moment of zero are called
antiferromagnetic substances. Thus, ferrimagnetic
20. (a)
substances show better magnetism than Polymer Monomer
antiferromagnetic substances. (1) (a) Teflon ¾
[ CF2 ¾CF2 ¾
]n CF2 == CF2
Tetrafluoroethene
15. (a) In electrolytic refining, the impure metal is made as
anode and a strip of pure form of metal is made as (b) Melamine formaldehyde H 2N NH2
N
cathode. Aqueous solution of salt is taken as —HN NH—CH2—
N
electrolyte and electric current is passed. N N + HCHO
formaldehyde
Metal ions from the electrolyte are deposited at N N
NH2
cathode in the form of pure metal and equivalent Melamine
amount of metal dissolves from anode and goes NH
into electrolytic solution as metal ions. (1) n

(b) Copper obtained in the extraction from copper (c) Neoprene CH2 == C ¾CH==CH2
pyrites have a blistered appearance due to Cl ½
½ Cl
evolution of SO 2 . Thus, it is also called blistered ¾[CH2 ¾C == CH ¾CH2 ]¾
2-chloro -1, 3-butediene
n
copper.