Monday, 26 November 2018

PH CH 125.1 Review Questions

EXPERIMENT 6: HYDROCARBONS I. What type of reaction was involved in the

preparation of methane? Ethylene?
Recall Acetylene? Write the balanced chemical
equations involved for each preparation.
• Saturated Hydrocarbons
• Methane
• Molecules with only single bonds. They A. CuSO4 + Zn → CuZn + SO42-
consist of a carbon atom bonded to a
maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
B. C2H5OH + CuZn → (C2H5OH)2Zn + CuSO4 + H+
Each single bond in a hydrocarbon is a
covalent bond
C. CH2Cl2 + 4H+ → CH4 + 2HCl
• Examples: Alkanes (Alkanes are
classified as an aliphatic hydrocarbon)
• Ethylene

A. CH3CH2OH → C2H4 + HOH

• Acetylene

A. CaC2 + 2H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
II. Write the chemical equations for the reaction
• Compounds that consist only of the of alkaline permanganate with unsaturated
elements carbon (C) and
hydrocarbons.
hydrogen (H) and contain at least
one carbon-carbon double or A. Propene + KMnO4 + HOH → MnO2 + KOH +

triple bond CH3CH(OH)CH2OH

B. Propyne + KMnO4 + HOH → MnO2 + KOH +

• Examples: Alkynes
CH3COOH + CO2 


III. In the test involving bromine in carbon

tetrachloride, how will one know if an addition
or a substitution type of reaction transpired?
Cite examples of organic compounds which
Sources respond positively to this reagent via addition
reaction and via substitution reaction.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/saturated-hydrocarbon-
definition-examples.html
A. If an addition reaction transpired, the
https://study.com/academy/lesson/unsaturated-hydrocarbon- bromine color disappears without the
definition-examples.html evolution of HBr gas. If substitution has
occurred, the bromine color is

1 CAGA, MHBGC
 Monday, 26 November 2018
discharged and HBr is evolved. HBr can • Reaction

be detected by the change in color of

litmus paper.

a) Addition: alkenes and alkynes

b) Substitution: enols, phenols,

ketones, aromatic amines
IV. How would an increase in unsaturation
affect the ignition characteristic of
hydrocarbons?
Bromine in CCl4
• This reagent is widely used for the presence
of an olefinic or acetylenic linkage. It is
another test for unsaturation.

A. An increase in unsaturation would

produce a flame that is smokier/sootier • Species Involved

and luminous.

• Alkenes: 1,2-dibromoalkane

• Alkynes: 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrabomoalkane

Tests Performed • Theoretical Results 2

Baeyer’s Test - Methane: (-) Retention of bromine color

w/ hydrogen bromide

• Baeyer’s test is a test for unsaturation

- Ethylene: (+) Disappearance of bromine

• Theoretical Results1
color w/o the evolution of hydrogen gas

- Methane: (-) Retention of purple color.

- Acetylene: (+) Disappearance of bromine
- Ethylene: (+) Formation of brown color w/o the evolution of hydrogen gas

suspension (precipitate).
- 2,2,4 trimethylpentane: (-) Retention of
- Acetylene: (+) Formation of brown bromine color w/ hydrogen bromide

suspension (precipitate).
- Hexane: (-) Retention of bromine color w/
- 2,2,4 trimethylpentane: (-) Retention of hydrogen bromide

purple color.
- Benzene: (-) Retention of bromine color
- Hexane: (-) Retention of purple color.
w/ hydrogen bromide

- Benzene: (-) Retention of purple color.

- Naphthalene (*in pet ether): (+)
Disappearance of bromine color w/o the
- Naphthalene (*in pet ether): (-) Retention evolution of hydrogen gas

of purple color.

1 Shriner, et.al, 2004, p. 328-329

2 Shriner, et.al, 2004, p. 326-327

2 CAGA, MHBGC
 Monday, 26 November 2018
• Reaction

Ignition Test

• This is a test that distinguishes a saturated

hydrocarbon from an unsaturated hydrocarbon

• Reaction: Combustion Reaction

Hydrocarbon + O2 → CO2 + H2O

• Theoretical Results 3

- Methane: Yellow, less sooty, than the

flame of an aromatic hydrocarbon

- Hexane: (-) Retention of purple color.

- Benzene: Yellow, sooty flame

- Naphthalene (*in pet ether): Yellow, sooty

flame

• Actual Results

- Ethylene: Yellow flame

- Acetylene: Sooty, yellow flame

- Heptane was used instead of 2,2,4

trimethylpentane: Orange flame, no soot

• Other Notes:

• Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain less

number of hydrogen than carbon.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo
incomplete combustion and give a yellow
flame along with black soot (carbon)

3 Shriner, et.al, 2004, p. 24

3 CAGA, MHBGC