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Tuned Mass Damper (CSE531 Wind Engineering)
Written by: HO Kwok Keung Date: 11 January, 2024

1(a) Effective Damping ξ

e
1

Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξ (Fraction of Critical)

0.9

0.8

0.7
0.004
0.6

0.5
0.006
0.4
0.008
0.3
0.01
0.002
0.2
0.015
0.1 0.02

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

1(b) Relative Movement of Tuned Mass Damper

1
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξ (Fraction of Critical)

0.9 0.5

0.8
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.5 0.9
1

0.4 1.2

1.5
0.3
2
0.2 2.5
3
0.1 4

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

Figure 1 Effective damping and relative movement of tuned mass damper for a mass ratio of 0.01 (1%)

1 of 11
Tuned Mass Damper (CSE531 Wind Engineering)
Written by: HO Kwok Keung Date: 11 January, 2024

2(a) Effective Damping ξ

e
1

0.9

0.8 0.002
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξd

0.7

0.6
0.004
0.5
0.006
0.4
0.008
0.3
0.01
0.2
0.015
0.1 0.02

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

2(b) Relative Movement of Tuned Mass Damper

1

0.9

0.8
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξd

0.7
1 0.9 0.5
0.8
0.6 0.7 0.6

0.5
1.2
0.4
1.5
0.3
2
0.2 2.5

0.1 3
4

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

Figure 2 Effective damping and relative movement of tuned mass damper for a mass ratio of 0.01 (1%)

2 of 11
Tuned Mass Damper (CSE531 Wind Engineering)
Written by: HO Kwok Keung Date: 11 January, 2024

3(a) Effective Damping ξ

e
1

Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξ (Fraction of Critical) 0.9 0.005

0.8

0.7
0.007
0.6

0.5
0.01
0.4

0.3 0.015
0.02
0.2 0.005 0.025
0.03
0.1

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

3(b) Relative Movement of Tuned Mass Damper

1
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξ (Fraction of Critical)

0.5
0.9

0.8
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.6 0.8
0.9
0.5 1
1.2
0.4
1.5
0.3
2
0.2 2.5
3
0.1
4
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

Figure 3 Effective damping and relative movement of tuned mass damper for a mass ratio of 0.02 (2%)

3 of 11
Tuned Mass Damper (CSE531 Wind Engineering)
Written by: HO Kwok Keung Date: 11 January, 2024

4(a) Effective Damping ξ

e
1

0.9

0.8
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξd

0.7 0.005

0.6
0.007
0.5

0.4 0.01

0.3 0.005 0.015

0.02
0.2 0.025
0.03
0.1

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

4(b) Relative Movement of Tuned Mass Damper

1

0.9

0.8
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξd

0.7 0.9 0.8 0.5

1
0.7 0.6
0.6

0.5
1.2
0.4
1.5
0.3
2
0.2 2.5
3

0.1
4

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

Figure 4 Effective damping and relative movement of tuned mass damper for a mass ratio of 0.02 (2%)

4 of 11
Tuned Mass Damper (CSE531 Wind Engineering)
Written by: HO Kwok Keung Date: 11 January, 2024

5(a) Effective Damping ξ

e
1

Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξ (Fraction of Critical)

0.007
0.9

0.8 0.007

0.7

0.6 0.012
0.01
0.5 0.015

0.4
0.02
0.3 0.025
0.03
0.2
0.035
0.04 0.005
0.1 0.005

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

5(b) Relative Movement of Tuned Mass Damper

1
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξ (Fraction of Critical)

0.5
0.9

0.8 0.6

0.7 0.7

0.6 0.8
0.9
0.5 1

1.2
0.4
1.5
0.3
2
0.2 2.5
3
0.1 4

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

Figure 5 Effective damping and relative movement of tuned mass damper for a mass ratio of 0.03 (3%)

5 of 11
Tuned Mass Damper (CSE531 Wind Engineering)
Written by: HO Kwok Keung Date: 11 January, 2024

6(a) Effective Damping ξ

e
1
0.005
0.9

0.8
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξd

0.7 0.012

0.6
0.007
0.015 0.01
0.5

0.4 0.02

0.3 0.007 0.025

0.03
0.2 0.005 0.035
0.04
0.1 0.005

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

6(b) Relative Movement of Tuned Mass Damper

1

0.9

0.8
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξd

0.7
0.9 0.8 0.5
1
0.6 0.7 0.6

0.5
1.2

0.4
1.5
0.3
2
0.2 2.5
3
0.1 4

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

Figure 6 Effective damping and relative movement of tuned mass damper for a mass ratio of 0.03 (3%)

6 of 11
Tuned Mass Damper (CSE531 Wind Engineering)
Written by: HO Kwok Keung Date: 11 January, 2024

7(a) Effective Damping ξ

e
1

Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξ (Fraction of Critical) 0.9

0.8 0.01
0.012

0.7
0.015
0.6

0.5
0.02

0.4
0.025

0.3 0.03
0.012 0.035
0.2
0.045
0.1 0.005 0.005

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

7(b) Relative Movement of Tuned Mass Damper

1
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξ (Fraction of Critical)

0.9 0.5

0.8
0.6

0.7
0.7

0.6 0.8
0.9
0.5 1

1.2
0.4
1.5
0.3
2
0.2 2.5
3
0.1 4

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

Figure 7 Effective damping and relative movement of tuned mass damper for a mass ratio of 0.04 (4%)

7 of 11
Tuned Mass Damper (CSE531 Wind Engineering)
Written by: HO Kwok Keung Date: 11 January, 2024

8(a) Effective Damping ξ

e
1

0.9
0.012
0.8
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξd

0.01
0.015
0.7

0.6
0.02
0.5
0.012
0.4 0.025
0.03
0.3
0.035
0.2
0.045
0.005
0.1 0.005

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

8(b) Relative Movement of Tuned Mass Damper

1
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.6
0.5
0.8 0.9
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξd

0.7
1
0.6

0.5
1.2
0.4
1.5
0.3
2
0.2 2.5
3
0.1 4

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

Figure 8 Effective damping and relative movement of tuned mass damper for a mass ratio of 0.04 (4%)

8 of 11
Tuned Mass Damper (CSE531 Wind Engineering)
Written by: HO Kwok Keung Date: 11 January, 2024

9(a) Effective Damping ξ

e
1

Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξ (Fraction of Critical)

0.012 0.01
0.9

0.8
0.015

0.7

0.6 0.02

0.5
0.025
0.4 0.03

0.3 0.035
0.04
0.015
0.2 0.05
0.012
0.1 0.01 0.005
0.005
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

9(b) Relative Movement of Tuned Mass Damper

1
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξ (Fraction of Critical)

0.9 0.5

0.8 0.6

0.7 0.7

0.6 0.8
0.9
0.5 1

0.4 1.2

1.5
0.3
2
0.2 2.5
3
0.1 4

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

Figure 9 Effective damping and relative movement of tuned mass damper for a mass ratio of 0.05 (5%)

9 of 11
Tuned Mass Damper (CSE531 Wind Engineering)
Written by: HO Kwok Keung Date: 11 January, 2024

10(a) Effective Damping ξ

e
1

0.9 0.015
0.012
0.8
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξd

0.7 0.01
0.02

0.6

0.025
0.5
0.015
0.4 0.03
0.035
0.3 0.012 0.04

0.2 0.05
0.01
0.1 0.005
0.005

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

10(b) Relative Movement of Tuned Mass Damper

1

0.9

0.8
Damping of Tuned Mass Damper ξd

0.9 0.8
0.7
0.7
1 0.6 0.5
0.6

0.5
1.2

0.4
1.5
0.3
2
0.2 2.5
3
0.1
4

0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency Tuning Ratio ω2/ ω1

Figure 10 Effective damping and relative movement of tuned mass damper for a mass ratio of 0.05 (5%)

10 of 11
Tuned Mass Damper (CSE531 Wind Engineering)
Written by: HO Kwok Keung Date: 11 January, 2024

0.08

0.075

0.07

0.065

0.06

0.055
( e)opt
Optimum Effective Damping ξ

0.05

0.045

0.04

0.035

0.03

0.025

0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10
Mass Ratio of Tuned Mass Damper µ (%)

Figure 11 Optimum Effective Damping ξe vs Mass Ratio of Tuned Mass Damper µ

References:

(1) Xu, Y. L. ‘Lecture Notes of Wind Engineering: Topic 5 Wind Induced Vibration Mitigation, Section 5.4.3 Tuned Mass
Dampers’, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2010
(2) Den Hartog, J. P. ‘Mechanical Vibrations’, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1965
(3) Crandall, S. H. and Mark, W. D. ‘Random Vibration in Mechanical Systems’, Academic Press, New York, 1963
(4) Xu, Y. L., Samali, B. and Kwok, K. C. S. ‘Control of along-wind response of structures by mass and liquid dampers’,
J. Engineering Mech. ASCE 1992, 118 (1), 20-39
(5) Xu, Y. L., Kwok, K. C. S., and Samali, B. ‘Control of wind-induced tall building vibration by tuned mass dampers’, J.
Wind Engineering Ind. Aerodyn. 1992, 40, 1-32
(6) Kwok, K. C. S. and Samali, B. ‘Performance of tuned mass dampers under wind loads’, Engineering Structures 1995,
17 (9), 655-667

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