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At P, the kinetic energy of the trolley is 5 kJ. Between P and Q 12. A boat moving at constant speed v through still water
the work the trolley does against friction is 10 kJ. experiences a total frictional drag F.
What is the kinetic energy of the trolley at Q? What is the power developed by the boat?
A 35 kJ B 45 kJ C 55 kJ D 65 kJ A ½ Fv B Fv C ½ Fv
2
D Fv
2
Nov 02
5. Which of the following is an expression for power?
A energy x time B force x displacement
C force x velocity D mass x velocity
6. A car driver adjusts the pressure on a car’s brakes so that the 14. A ball is thrown vertically upwards.
car travels at constant speed down a hill from P to Q. Neglecting air resistance, which statement is correct?
A The kinetic energy of the ball is greatest at the greatest height
attained.
B By the principle of conservation of energy, the total energy of the
ball is constant throughout
its motion.
The magnitude of the change in the car’s kinetic energy is ∆Ek. C By the principle of conservation of momentum, the momentum of
The magnitude of the change in its gravitational potential energy the ball is constant
is ∆Ep.Which statement is correct? throughout its motion.
D The potential energy of the ball increases uniformly with time
A ∆Ek > ∆Ep B ∆Ek = ∆Ep C ∆Ep > ∆Ek > 0 D ∆Ek = 0
during the ascent.
7. An area of land is an average of 2.0m below sea level. To
15. Car X is travelling at half the speed of car Y. Car X has twice the
prevent flooding, pumps are used to lift rainwater up to sea level.
mass of car Y.
What is the minimum pump output power required to deal with
9 Which statement is correct?
1.3X10 kg of rain per day?
A Car X has half the kinetic energy of car Y.
A 15 kW B 30 kW C 150 kW D 300 kW
B Car X has one quarter of the kinetic energy of car Y.
C Car X has twice the kinetic energy of car Y.
D The two cars have the same kinetic energy.
16. A barrel of mass 50 kg is loaded onto the back of a lorry 1.6
m high by pushing it up a smooth plank 3.4 m long.
3
26 The diagram shows a barrel of weight 1.0 x 10 N on a frictionless
o
slope inclined at 30 to the horizontal.
June 05
21. A steel ball is falling at constant speed in oil. Which graph
shows the variation with time of the gravitational potential energy A force is applied to the barrel to move it up the slope at constant
Ep and the kinetic energy Ek of the ball? speed. The force is parallel to the slope.
What is the work done in moving the barrel a distance of 5.0 m up
the slope?
4 3
A 1.0 x 10 J B 2.5 x 10 J
3 3
C 4.3 x 10 J D 5.0 x 10 J
June 06
27. A stone of weight 4.0 N in the Earth’s gravitational field is moved
from P to Q and then to R along the path shown.
June 07
30. Which expression defines power? 35. The total energy input Ein in a process is partly transferred to
useful energy output U, and partly to energy that is wasted W.
A force × distance moved in the direction of the force
What is the efficiency of the process?
B force × velocity
C work done ÷ time taken
D work done × time taken
Nov. 07
–1
31. A car of mass 1000 kg first travels forwards at 25 m s and Nov. 08
–1
then backwards at 5 m s . 36. A block of weight W is pulled up a rough slope by a force F.
What is the change in the kinetic energy of the car? When the block has moved a distance x along the slope, it has risen
A 200 kJ B 300 kJ C 325 kJ D 450 kJ height h.
Which expressions give the amount of work done on the block and
the amount of gravitational potential energy gained by the block?
work done gravitational potential energy
A Fx Wh
B Fh Wx
C Wx Fh
D Wh Fx
37. An object is thrown into the air. Which graph shows how the
potential energy Ep of the object varies with height h above the
What are the kinetic and elastic potential energies at position 3? ground?
kinetic energy elastic potential energy
A maximum maximum
B maximum minimum
C minimum maximum
D minimum minimum
June 08
33. A positive charge experiences a force F when placed at
point X in a uniform electric field.
The charge is then moved from point X to point Y.
Distances r and s are shown on the diagram. 38. A pendulum bob oscillates between P and R.
34. A steel ball is falling at constant speed in oil. Assuming the gravitational potential energy lost in moving from P to Q is
Which graph shows the variation with time of the gravitational converted into kinetic energy, what is the speed of the bob at Q?
potential energy Ep and the kinetic energy Ek of the ball?
39. Which operation involves the greatest mean power?
A a car moving against a resistive force of 0.4 kN at a constant
–1
speed of 20 m s
–1
B a crane lifting a weight of 3 kN at a speed of 2 m s
–1
C a crane lifting a weight of 5 kN at a speed of 1 m s
D a weight being pulled across a horizontal surface at a speed
–1
of 6 m s against a frictional force of 1.5 kN
June 09
40. The forward motion of a motor-boat is opposed by forces F
which vary with the boat’s speed v in accordance with the
2
relation F= k v , where k is a constant. The effective power of Which expression gives the efficiency of the process?
the propellers required to maintain the speed v is P. Which
expression relates k, P and v ?
46.
Answers
41. The diagram shows two identical vessels X and Y connected 1 d 13 d 25 a 37 a
by a short pipe with a tap.
2 c 14 b 26 b 38 c
3 b 15 a 27 a 39 d
4 d 16 c 28 d 40 c
5 c 17 a 29 a 41 b
6 d 18 a 30 c 42 a
7 d 19 b 31 b 43 c
8 c 20 a 32 c 44 a
9 c 21 b 33 a 45 d
Initially, X is filled with water of mass m to a depth h, and Y is 10 d 22 c 34 b
empty. 11 d 23 b 35 c
When the tap is opened, water flows from X to Y until the depths
of water in both vessels are equal. 12 b 24 c 36 a
How much potential energy is lost by the water during this
process? (g = acceleration of free fall)
Nov 09
42. A projectile is launched at 45° to the horizontal with initial
kinetic energy E. Assuming air resistance to be negligible, what
will be the kinetic energy of the projectile when it reaches its
highest point?
A 0.50 E B 0.71 E C 0.87 E DE
June 10
44. An ion is accelerated by a series of electrodes in a vacuum.
A graph of the power supplied to the ion is plotted against time.
What is represented by the area under the graph between two
times?
A the change in kinetic energy of the ion
B the average force on the ion
C the change in momentum of the ion
D the change in velocity of the ion