1.

The air enters the compressor of an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine at a pressure
of 1 bar and temperature of 200C. the pressure of the air after compression is 4 bar. The
isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are 80% and 85% respectively. The air
fuel ratio used is 90: 1. If flow rate of air is 3.0 kg/s?, find:
Power developed
Thermal efficiency of the cycle
Assume cp = 1.0 kJ/kg K and y = 1.4 of air and gases
Calorific value of fuel = 41800 kJ/ kg
2. A gas turbine unit has a pressure ratio of 6:1 and maximum cycle temperature of 3100C.
the isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine are 0.80 and0.82 respectively.
Calculate the power output in kilowatts of an electric generator geared to the turbine
when the air enters the compressor at 150C at the rate of 16 kg/s.
Take cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K and y=1.4 for the compression process, and take cp = 1.11
kJ/kg K and y = 1.333 for the expansion process.
3. A gas terbine unit receives air at 1 bar and 300 K and compresses it adiabatically to 6.2
bar. The compressor efficiency is 88%. The fuel has a heating valve of 44186 kJ/kg and
the fuel air ratio is 0.017 kJ/ kg of air.
The turbine internal efficiency is 90%. Calculate the work of turbine an compressor per
kg of air compressed and thermal efficiency.
For products of combustion, cp = 1.147 kJ/kg K and y=1.333
4. Find the required air fuel ratio in a gas turbine whose turbine and compressor efficiencies
are 85% and 80%, respectively. Maximum cycle temperature is 8750C. the working fluid
can be taken as air which enters the compressor at 1 bar and 270C. the pressure ratio is 4.
The fuel used has calorific value of 42000 kJ/ kg. there is a loss of 10% of calorific value
in the combustion chamber.
5. Calculate the thermal efficiency and work ratio of the plant is example 21.4, assuming
that cp for the combustion is 1.11 kJ/kg K.
6. In a constant pressure open cycle gas turbine air enters at 1 bar and 200C and leaves he
compressor at 5 bar. Using the following data: temperature of gases entering the turbine =
6800C, pressure loss in the combustion chamber = 0.1 bar, ncompressor = 85%,
nturbine=80%, ncombustion = 85% y=1.4 and cp = 1.024 kJ/kg K for air and gas, find
The quantity of air circulation if the plant develops 1065 kW
Heat supplied per kg of air circulation
The thermal efficiency of the cycle
Mass of the fuel may be neglected.
7. In a gas turbine the compressor is driven by the high pressure turbine. The exhaust from
the high pressure turbine goes to a free low pressure turbine which runs the load. The air
flow rate is 20 kg/s and the minimum and maximum temperatures are respectively 300 K
and 1000 K. the compressor pressure ratio is 4. Calculate the pressure ratio of the low
pressure turbine and the temperature of exhaust gases from the unit. The compressor and
turbine are isentropic. Cp of air and exhaust gases = 1 kJ/kg K and y=1.4.
8. In an air standard regenerative gsas turbine cycle the pressure ratio is 5. Air enters the
compressure at 1 bar, 300K and leaves at 490K. the maximum temperature in the cycle is
 1000 K. calculate the cycle efficiency, given that the efficiency of the regenerator and the
adiabatic efficiency of the turbine are each 80%. Assume for air, the ratio of specific
heats is 1.4. also, show the cycle on a T-s diagram.
9. A gas turbine plant consists of two turbines. One compressor turbine to drive compressor
and other power turbine to develop power output and both are having their own
combustion chambers which are served by air directly from the compressor. Air enters the
compressor at 1 bar and 288 K and is compressed to 8 bar with an isentropic efficiency of
76%.due to heat added in the combustion chamber, the inlet temperature of gas to both
turbines is 9000C. the isentropic efficiency of turbines is 86% and the mass flow rate of
air at the compressor is 23 kg/s. the calorific valve of fuel is 4200 kJ/kg. calculate the
output of the plant and the thermal efficiency if mechanical efficiency is 95% and
generator efficiency is 96%. Take cp=1.005 kJ/kg K and y=1.4 for air and cpg = 1.128
kJ/kg K and y=1.34 for gases.
10. Air is drawn in a gas turbine unit at 150C and 1.01 bar and pressure ratio is 7:1. The
compressure is driven by the H.P. TURBINE AND L.P. turbine drives a separate power
shaft. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor, and the H.P. and L.P. turbines are 0.82,
0.85 and 0.85 respectively. If the maxium cycle temperature is 6100C, calculate:
The pressure and temperature of the gass entering the power turbine
The net power developed by the unit per kg/s mass flow
The work ratio
The thermal efficiency of the unit
Neglect the mass of fuel and assume the following:
For compression process cpa = 1.005 kJ/kg K and y=1.4
For combustion and expansion processes, cp = 1.15 kJ/kg and y=1.333
11. The pressure ratio of an open cycle gas turbine power plant is 5.6. air is taken at 300C
and 1 bar. The compression is carried out in two stages with perfect intercooling in
between. The maximum temperature of the cyle is limited to 7000C. assuming the
isentropic efficiency of each compressor stage as 85% and that of turbine as 90%,
determine the power developed and efficiency of the power plant, if the air flow is 1.2
kg/s. the mass of fuel may be neglected, and it may be assumed that cp=1.02 kJ/kg K and
y=1.41.
12. Why are the back work ratios relatively high in gas turbine plants compared tothos of
steam power plants.
In a gas turbine plant compression is carried out in two stages with perfect intercooling
and expansion in one stage turbine. If the maximum temperature and minimum
temperature in the cycle remain constant, show that for maximum specific output of the
plant, the optimum overall pressure ratio is given by

Where y = adiabatic index, nT = isentropic efficiency of the turbine, Nc = isentropic

efficiency of compressor
13. In a gas turbine the compressor takes in air at a temperature of 150C and compresses it to
four times the initial pressure with an isentropic efficiency of 82%. The air is then passed
through a heat exchanger heated by the turbine exhaust before reaching the combustion
chamber. Int the heat exchanger 78% of the available heat is given to the air. The
maximum temperature after constant pressure combustion is 6000C, and the efficiency of
the turbine is 70%. Neglecting all losses except those mentioned, and assuming the
orking fluid throughout the cycle to have the characteristic of air find the efficiency of the
cycle.
Assume R = 0.287 kJ/kg K and y = 1.4 for air and constant specific heats throughout.
14. A gas turbine employs a heat exchanger with a thermal ratio of 72%. The turbine operates
between the pressures of 1.01 bar and 4.04 bar and ambient temperature is 200C.
isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are 80% and 85% respectively. The
pressure drop on each side of the heat exchanger is 0.05 bar and in the combustion
chamber 0.14 bar. Assume combustion efficiency to be unity and calorific value of the
fuel to be 4180 kJ/kg. calculate the increase in efficiency due to heat exchanger over that
for simple cycle. Assume cp is constant throughout and is equal to 1.024 kJ/kg K, and
assume y=1.4. for simple cycle the air fuel ratio is 90:1, and for the heat exchange cycle
the turbine entry temperature is the same as for a simple cycle.
15. A 4500 kW gas turbine generating set operates with two compressor stages te overall
pressure ratio is 9:1. Ahigh pressure turbine is used to drive the compressors, and a low
pressure turbine drives the generator. Th temperature of the gases at entry to the high
pressure turbine is 625C and the gases are reheated to 625 C after expansion in the first to
heat air leaving the high pressure stage compressor. The compressors have equal pressure
ratios and intercooling is complete between the stages. The air inlet temperature to the
unit is 20C. the isentropic efficiency of each compressor stage is 0.8, and the isentropic
efficiency of each turbine stage is 0.85, the heat exchanger thermal rati is 0.8. a
mechanical efficiency of 95% can be assumed for both the power shaft and compressor
turbine shat. Neglecting all pressure loasses and changes in kinetic energy calculate a. the
thermal efficiency b. work ratio of the plant c. the mass flow in kg/s. neglect the mass of
the fuel and assume the following: for air: cpa = 1.005 kJ/kg K and y=1.4. for gases in the
combustion chamber and in turbines and heat exchanger, cpg = 1.15 kJ/kg K and
y=1.333.
16. In a closed cycle gas turbine there is two stage compressor and a two stage turbine. All
the components are mounted on the same shaft. The pressure and temperature at the inlet
of the first stage compressor are 1.5 bar and 20 C. the maximum cycle temperature and
pressure are limited to 750 C and 6 bar. A perfect intercooler is used between the two
stage compressors and a reheater is used between the two turbines. Gases are heated in
the reheater to 750 C before entering into the L.P turbine. Assuming the compressor and
turbine efficiencies as 0.82 calculate. i. the effieciency of the cycle without regenerator
ii. The efficiencies of the cycle with a regenerator whose effectiveness is 0.70. iii the
 mass of the fluid circulated if the power developed by the plant is 350 kJ/kg K. the
working fluid used in the cyle is air. For air: y=1.4 and cp = 1.000 kJ/kg K.
17. The air in a gas turbine plant is taken in L.P compressor at 293 K and 1.05 bar and after
compression it is passed through intercooler where its temperature is reduced to 300 K.
the cooled air is further compressed in H.P. unit and then passed in the combustion
chamber where its temperature is increased to 750C by burning the fuel. The combustion
products expand in H.P. turbine whih runs the comrpessors and further expansion is
continued in L.P turbine which runs the alternator. The gases coming out from L.P turbine
are used for heating the incoming air from H.P compressor and then expanded to
atmosphere. Pressure ratio of each compressor = 2, isentropic efficiency of each
compressor stage = 82%, isentropic efficiency of each turbine stage = 82%, effectiveness
of heat exchanger = 0.72, air flow = 16 kg/s, calorific value of fuel = 42000 kJ/kg, cv (for
gas) = 1.0 kJ/kg K, cp = 1.15 kJ/ kg K, y=1.4, y = 1.33. neglecting the mechanical,
pressure and heat losses of the system and fuel mass also determine the following: i. the
power output ii. Thermal efficiency iii. Specific fuel consumption
18. Air is taken in a gas turbine plant at 1.1 bar 20C. he plant comprises of L. and H.P.
compressors and L.P and H.P. turbines. The compression in L.P. stage is upto 3.3 bar
followed by intercooling to 27C. the pressure of air after H.P. compressor is 9.45 bar.
Loss in pressure during intercooling is 0.15 bar. Air from H.P compressor is transferred to
heat exchanger of effectiveness 0.65 where it is heated by the gases from L.P turbine.
After heat exchanger the air passes through combustion chamber. The temperature of
gases supplied to H.P. turbine is 700C. the gases expand in H.P turbine to 3.62 bar and air
then reheated to H.P turbine is 7000C. the gaases expand in H.P turbine to 3.2 bar and air
then reheated to 670 C before expanding in L.P turbine. The loass of pressure in reheater
is 0.12 bar. Determine: i. the overall efficiency ii. The work ratio iii. Mass flow rate when
the power generated is 6000 kW. Assume: isentropic efficiency of compression in both
stages = 0.82, isentropic efficiency of expansion in turbines = 0.85. for air: cp = 1.005 kJ/
kg K, y=1.4. for gases cp =1.15 kJ/kg K, y=1.33. neglect the mass of fuel.
19. A turbo jet engine consumes air at the rate of 60.2 kg/s when flying at a speed of 1000
km/h. calculate: i. exit velocity of the jet when the enthalpy change for the nozzle is 230
kJ/kg and velocity co-efficient is 0.96 ii. Fuel flow rate in kg/s when air fuel ratio is 70:1
iii. Thrust specific fuel consumption iv. Thermal efficiency of the plant when the
combustion efficiency is 92% and calorific value of the fuel used is 42000 kJ/kg v.
propulsive power vi. Propulsive efficiency vii. Overall efficiency.
20. The following data pertain to a turbo jet flying at an altitude of 9500 m:
Speed of the turbo jet = 800 km/h
Propulsive efficiency = 55%
Overall efficiency of the turbine plant = 17%
Density of air at 9500 m altitude = 0.17 kg/m3
Drag on the plane = 6100 N
Assuming calorific value of the fuel used as = 46000 kJ/kg
Calculate
 i. absolute velocity of the jet
ii. Volume of air compressed per min
iii. diameter of the jet
iv. power output of the unit
v. air fuel ratio
21. In a jet propulsion unit air is drawn into the rotary compressor at 15 C and 1.01 bar and
delivered at 4.04 bar. The isentropic efficiency of compression is 82% and the
compression is uncooled. After delivery the air is heated at consant pressure until the
temperature reaches 750C. the air then passes through a turbine unit which drives the
compressor only and has an isentropic efficiency of 78% before passing through the
nozzle and expanding to atmosphereric pressure of 1.01 bar with an efficiency of 88%.
Neglecting any mass increase due to the weight of the fuel and assuming the R and y are
unchanged by combustion, determine:
i. the power required to drive the compressor
ii. The air fuel ratio if the fuel has a calorific value of 42000 kJ/kg
iii. The pressure of the gases leaving the turbine
iv. The thrust per kg of air per second
Neglect any effect of the velocity of approach.
Assume for air: R = 0.287 kJ/kg K, y=1.4
22. A turbo jet engine travels at 216 m/s in air at 0.78 bar and -7.2 C. air first enters diffuser
in which it is brought to rest relative to the unit and it is then compressed in a compressor
through a pressure ratio of 5.8 and fed to a turbine at 1110 C. the gases expand through
the turbine and then through the nozzle to atmospheric pressure. The efficiencies of
diffuser, nozzle and compressor are each 90%. The efficiency of turbine is 80%. Pressure
drop in the combustion chamber is 0.168 bar. Determine: i. air fuel ratio ii. Specific thrust
of the unit iii. Total thrust, if the inlet cross section of diffuser is 0.12 m 2. Assume
calorific value of fuel as 44150 kJ/kg of fuel.
23. The following data pertain to a jet engine flying at an altitude of 9000 metres with a
speed of 215 m/s
Thrust power developed = 750 kW
Inlet pressure and temperature = 0.32 bar, -42 C
Temperature of gases leaving the combustion chamber = 690 C
Pressure ratio = 5.2
Calorific value of fuel = 42500 kJ/kg
Velocity in ducts (constant) = 195 m/s
Internal efficiency of turbine = 86%
Efficiency of compressor = 86%
Efficiency of jet tube 90%
For air: cp = 1.005, y = 1.4, R = 0.287
For combustion gases, cp = 1.087
For gases during expansion y=1.33
Calculate the following
i. overall thermal efficiency of the unit
ii. Rate of air consumption
Power developed by the turbine
The outlet area of jet tube
Specific fuel consumption is kg per kg of thrust