A PRESENTATION ON

BUS DUCT AND COMPUTER

NETWORKING

PRESENTED BY :- VIVEK KUSHWAHA

ECE 4TH year
Roll no. 59
 TABLE OF CONTENT
1.BUSDUCT
 Introduction to bus duct.
 Types of bus duct.
1.Isolated phase bus duct.
2.Segregated phase bus duct.
3.non segregated bus duct.
 Design and selection criteria.

2.COMPUTER NETWORKING
 Need for computer networking
 Advantage of computer networking
 Basic component of networking in BHEL, RUDRAPUR
 Sharing services
 Active directory
 Firewall sever
 Other features of networking in BHEL,RUDRAPUR
1.BUSDUCTS
 INTRODUCTION
 Almost all coal , nuclear , geothermal , solar thermal
electric , as well as many natural gas power plants are
thermal.
 Commercial electric utility power stations are usually
constructed on a large scale and designed for
continuous operation.
 Electrical power typically uses three-phase electrical
generators to produce alternating current(AC) electric
power at a frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz.
 High power generation requires special equipment's
to transfer from source to the sink.
 INTRODUCTION(cont.)
 To transfer the power through grids into various sub
stations , the power needs to reach the generator
transformer(GT) which steps down the high voltage
and current.
 This transit occurs with the help of bus duct / bus bar
which is capable of carrying current up to 21000A and
can be subjected to various weather conditions
without substantial losses incurred.
INTRODUCTION
 Bus ducts or bus bars are used to carry very high
current between the generator and associated
transformers, in the power stations.
 In the power stations the generator voltages vary from
12 KV to 24 KV whereas auxiliary supply voltages are 3.3
KV, 6.6 KV, or 12 KV.
 Bus duct forms an electrical link between generator ,
transformers and associated equipment's. It is an
assembly of bus bars with associated joints ,connections
and supporting insulators within a grounded metal
enclosure.
 Bus bars are thick metal connectors, usually of
aluminium , which carry large current up to 10 KA. The
conductors are metal enclosed, usually aluminium to
provide safety and reliable operation.
 BUS DUC(cont.)
Aluminium has been used for the enclosure, as
well as it reduces the magnetic losses.
Aluminium is being used increasingly as bus bar
material, in power stations, distribution boards,
switchgear, etc. one of the main reasons for this is
that it is cheaper to use than copper and making
allowance for the light metal’s.
TYPES OF BUSDUCTS

There are three types of bus ducts

Isolated phase segregated Non segregated

bus duct. phase bus duct. phase bus duct.
(21kv) (12kv) (6.6kv)
INTRODUCTION:
 An IPBD most commonly used for large power generating unit and
popularly known as generator bus duct , serves as an interconnection
between generator and it’s associated auxiliary equipment .
 Conductors are air insulated and supported in the centre of an
enclosure by strategically arranging the insulators . phase to phase
circuits are eliminated and no current is induced in the steel work,
cable pipes or other metal structures in close to proximity bus duct.
 In Isolated Phase Bus duct each phase conductor is enclosed by an
individual metal housing and separated from adjacent phase
conductor housing by an air space.
 Each phase conductor is mounted in an individual enclosure and is
carrying a much higher current for a given permissible temperature
hence it has a large heat dissipation as compared to segregated and
non-segregated phase bus duct.
 SEGREGATED PHASE BUS DUCT
(SPBD)
 Metal enclosed bus duct in which all the phase
conductors housed in common metal enclosure and
segregated by metallic barrier between phases.
 Segregated phase bus duct is generally employed in
medium voltage systems and serves as interconnection
between the switchgear and transformer.
 The segregated phase bus duct comprises of three
phase conductors running along with barrier made of
aluminium alloy.
 The non-magnetic barrier provided between phase
conductor reduces forces during phase to phase faults
and also helps in reducing temperature rise.
 NON SEGREGATED PHASE BUS DUCT
(NSPBD)
 Metal enclosed bus duct in which all phase conductors
are in common metal enclosure with only air barrier
and physical separation between the phases.
 NSPBD serves as an interconnection between 1.1KV
switchgear/indoor power control centre (PCC)/motor
control centre(MCC) and its auxiliary transformer. It is
also used for trunking connection between two
separate switchgear/PCC/MCC, wherever applicable.
 DIAGRAM SHOWING DIFFERENT
TYPES OF BUS DUCT

Isolated Phase Bus-Duct Segregated Phase Bus- Non-Segregated Phase

Duct Bus-Duct
 DESIGN AND SELECTION CRITERIA
 The bus duct provide a means for carrying high current. It
provides high system reliability. The type and rating of bus
duct shall be as per system requirement.

The design of bus duct is based on following factors.

 The continuous current rating.
 Maximum system voltage.
 Maximum dynamic and transient forces it may be
subjected to during its life span.
 The dielectric requirement of the system.
 Climatic conditions.
 SELECTION CRITERIA

The shape and size of bus duct of bus bar/enclosure is

selected considering the following aspects.
1) The current carrying capability.
2) The resistivity required for permissible thermal
limits.
3) Force between the different conductor in short
circuit condition.
4) Skin effect.
5) Proximity effect.
6) Effect of solar radiation on temperature rise.
 2.COMPUTER
NETWORKING IN BHEL ,
RUDRAPUR
 WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORKING
???
• Information and communication are two of the most
important strategic issues for the success of every
enterprise. While today nearly every organization uses
a substantial number of computers and
communication tools (telephone , fax , personal hand
held devices) , they are often still isolated , many
departments still do not communicate and much
needed information cannot be readily accessed.
• To overcome these difficulties there is a need for
effective computer networking.
 NEED FOR NETWORKING ???
 Computer networks allows the user to access remote
program and remote database either from the same
organization or from other enterprises or public
source.
 Computer networks provides communication faster
then other facility. Because of these optimal
information and communication possibilities , it may
increase the organizational learning rate.
 ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
NETWORKING

FILE SHARING : computer networking makes easy for everyone to access the same
file and prevents people from accidentally creating different version.

PRINTER SHARING: with the computer networking several computers are inter-
connected with the same printer.

COMMUNICATION AND CALLABORATION : it’s hard for people to work together

if no one knows what others are doing. A network allows employees to share , view other
people’s work , and exchange ideas more efficiently. In a large office , one can use e-mail and
instant messaging tools to communicate quickly and to store for future reference.

ORGANIGATION AND DATA PROTECTION .

 BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
NETWORKING IN BHEL , RUDRAPUR
INTERANET INTERNET
(MPLS) (2 MBPS)

FIREWALL SERVER

ACTIVE DIRECTORY
SWITCH
SHARING SERVICE (to co-ordinate between services
and users)

WEBSITE SERVER
VARIOUS PC
CONNECTIONS
 ACTIVE DIRECTORY
 Active directory(AD) is a directory that Microsoft has
developed for windows domain networks and included
for in most windows server operating systems as a set
of process and services.
 When a user logs into a computer that is a part of
windows domain , now these active directory checks
the submitted password and determines whether the
user is a system administrator or normal user .
SHARING SERVICES
 shared services is the provision of a service by one part
of an organization or group where that service had
previously been found in more than one part of the
organization or group . Thus the funding and
resourcing of the service is shared and then provided.
 All the departments upload the files that need to be
shared on the BHEL , RUDRAPUR website which can
only be accessed from within the organization.
 FIREWALL SERVER
 A firewall protect the local area network(LAN) or even
a single computer against outside intrusion.
 It acts as a filter outside world and private networks.
 The term “firewall” doesn’t actually refer to any device .
A firewall can be a piece of hardware or a software ,
and more than one type of firewall can be used to
provide extra network security.
 The various websites that have blocked for employee
access in the organization are:
 Social network sites( facebook,twitter,orkut etc.)
 Sites for entertainment purpose.
 OTHER FEATURES OF THE
NETWORKING OF BHEL RUDRAPUR
 For the organization under study , BHEL , RUDRAPUR
out of the 115 computers , 75 are regular computers are
while 40 are on contract basis.
 Each employees is assigned with a username and a
password which is required to unlock his/her assigned
computer.
 Therefore each PC can be unlocked using two
passwords. One , the employee password the other ,
the ADMIN id and password.
THANK YOU