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• Until the late 1800s, most cesarean deliveries (CDs) were done after
maternal death, for attempt at fetal salvage.
• In 1882, the era of the modern CD began when Saenger advocated closing
all uterine incisions immediately after surgery.
• The lower uterine segment incision was introduced by Kronig in 1912 and
popularized in the USA by DeLee in 1922.
• CD has been associated with relatively low maternal mortality for about 100
years. Safety has improved in the last 50 years, as the above techniques
have become more widely used, and antibiotics have been introduced.
Objectives
• Definitions.
• History.
• Types.
• Incidence.
• Indications.
• Contraindications.
• Technique.
• Complications.
• Peripartal hysterectomy.
• Postmortem CS.
• CS hysterectomy.
• Hysterectomy en-toto.
• VBAC
• Vaginal delivery Vs Cesarean section
Indications
• MATERNAL INDICATIONS:
2. Hospitalization of mothers: If a woman has a cesarean, she is more likely to stay in the hospital longer and
is at greater risk of being re-hospitalized.
3. Emotional well-being of mothers: A woman who has a cesarean section may be at greater risk for poorer
overall mental health and some emotional problems. She is also more likely to rate her birth experience
poorer than a woman who has had a vaginal birth.
4. Early contact with, feelings toward babies: A woman who has a cesarean usually has less early contact
with her baby and is more likely to have initial negative feelings about her baby.
5. Breastfeeding: Recovery from surgery poses challenges for getting breastfeeding under way, and a baby
who was born by cesarean is less likely to be breastfed and get the benefits of breastfeeding.