Ivan Derick S.

Ilao
BSA- IV
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

Monocot vs. Dicot

Monocots differ from dicots in four distinct structural features: leaves, stems, roots and
flowers.

But, the differences start from the very beginning of the plant's life cycle: the seed. Within the
seed lies the plant's embryo. Whereas monocots have one cotyledon (vein), dicots have two.
This small difference at the very start of the plant's life cycle leads each plant to develop vast
differences.

Roots: Fibrous vs. taproot

Monocots tend to have “fibrous roots” that web off in many directions. These fibrous roots
occupy the upper level of the soil in comparison to dicot root structures that dig deeper and
create thicker systems.

Dicot roots also contain one main root called the taproot, where other, smaller roots branch
off.

Stems: Arranging the vascular tissue

As the monocots develop, their stems arrange the vascular tissue (the circulatory system of the
plant) sporadically. This is extremely unique compared to dicots’ organized fashion that
arranges the tissue into a donut-looking structure.

Leaves: Parallel veins vs. branching veins

Both monocots and dicots form different leaves. Monocot leaves are characterized by their
parallel veins, while dicots form “branching veins.”

Flowers: How many flower petals does your plant have?

Monocot flowers usually form in threes whereas dicot flowers occur in groups of four or five.
BAHAY KUBO Monocot and Dicot plants:
DICOT PLANTS
PLANTS
1) Sigarilyas (Winged Bean)
2) Mani (Peanuts)
3) Sitaw (Green Bean)
4) Bataw (Hyacinth Bean)
5) Patani (Lima Bean)
6) Singkamas (Jicama)
7) Kundol (Wax Gourd)
8) Patola (Luffa Gourd)
9) Upo (Bottle Gourd)
10) Kalabasa (Squash)
11) Talong (Egg Plant)
12) Kamatis (Tomato)
13) Labanos (Radish)
14) Mustasa (Black Mustard Seed)
REASON
These plants belong to the Fabaceae family.
Fabaceae is one of the common Dicot plants
types. The leaves are stipulate, nearly always
alternate, and range from bipinnately or
palmately compound to simple. The seeds
often have a hard coat with hourglass-shaped
cells, and sometimes bear a u-shaped line
called a pleurogram.
These plants belong to the Cucurbitaceae
family also known as the Gourd family. It is
characterized by the alternation of the leaves
and is usually palmately 5-lobed or divided;
stipules are absent. The flowers are
actinomorphic and nearly always unisexual.
These type of plants also belong to the Dicot
classification of plants.
These belong to the Solanaceae Family of
plants also called nightshades or potato
family. The leaves are alternate, usually
simple, and lack stipules. The flowers are
bisexual and actinomorphic or only slightly
zygomorphic. The fruit is a berry or septicidal
capsule. These also belong to the Dicot type of
plants.
These plants belong to the Brassicaceae Family
also known as the Mustard family of flowering
plants. This family belongs to the Dicot type of
flora. The leaves are alternate or rarely
opposite and typically are simple but
sometimes have deeply parted segments;
stipules are lacking. The flowers are bisexual
and almost always actinomorphic. The fruit is
usually a capsule, the two valves of which
separate at maturity.
 15) Linga (Sesame) This plant belongs to the Pedaliaceae family
also called sesame family. Characterized by
having mucilaginous hairs, which often give the
stems and leaves a slimy or clammy feel, and
often have fruits with hooks or horns. These are
classified as Dicot Plants.

MONOCOT PLANTS

PLANTS REASON

1) Sibuyas (Onion) These plants belong to the Amaryllidaceae

2) Bawang (Garlic) family. The leaves are alternate and more or
less basal, simple, usually linear or lorate, flat,
entire, parallel-veined, sheathing at base;
stipules absent. The flowers are bisexual,
often showy, actinomorphic to zygomorphic
and usually in umbelloid cymes. The fruit is a
loculicidal capsule or sometimes a berry. The
seed coat usually has a black or blue crust.
This family of plans belong to Monocot types.

3) Luya (Ginger) This plant belongs to the Zingiberaceae family

also known as the Ginger family. The leaves
are alternate and distichous, the base
sheathing and the blade mostly linear to
elliptic with penni-parallel, strongly ascending
veins. The flowers are bisexual, strongly
zygomorphic, and often are associated with
conspicuous floral bracts in a spike or raceme.
This family of plants belong to the Monocot
types.

References:

https://www.holganix.com/blog/monocots-vs-dicots-what-you-need-to-know

http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/alpha_cronq_judd_apgii.htm

https://www.slideshare.net/emsicipriano/botany-taxonomy-of-bahay-kubo-plants