Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
PLC Applications
Electro-Pneumatics
Printed in Canada
All rights reserved
ISBN 978-2-89640-271-7 (Printed version)
Legal Deposit – Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, 2008
Legal Deposit – Library and Archives Canada, 2008
The purchaser shall receive a single right of use which is non-exclusive, non-time-limited and limited
geographically to use at the purchaser's site/location as follows.
The purchaser shall be entitled to use the work to train his/her staff at the purchaser's site/location and
shall also be entitled to use parts of the copyright material as the basis for the production of his/her own
training documentation for the training of his/her staff at the purchaser's site/location with
acknowledgement of source and to make copies for this purpose. In the case of schools/technical
colleges, training centers, and universities, the right of use shall also include use by school and college
students and trainees at the purchaser's site/location for teaching purposes.
The right of use shall in all cases exclude the right to publish the copyright material or to make this
available for use on intranet, Internet and LMS platforms and databases such as Moodle, which allow
access by a wide variety of users, including those outside of the purchaser's site/location.
Entitlement to other rights relating to reproductions, copies, adaptations, translations, microfilming and
transfer to and storage and processing in electronic systems, no matter whether in whole or in part, shall
require the prior consent of Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on
the part of Festo Didactic. The Festo materials described in this document are furnished under a license
agreement or a nondisclosure agreement.
Festo Didactic recognizes product names as trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
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be used in this document to refer to either the entity claiming the marks and names or their products.
Festo Didactic disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own.
Safety and Common Symbols
The following safety and common symbols may be used in this manual and on
the equipment:
Symbol Description
Direct current
Alternating current
Symbol Description
Equipotentiality
On (supply)
Off (supply)
The aim of the present series of PLC applications is to integrate the basic
principles previously acquired by designing small-scale systems that can be
found in the real world. Through practical examples, students will gain a strong
knowledge of the PLC field of study.
We hope that your learning experience with the PLC Training System will be the
first step of a successful career.
The present manual includes five Job Sheets that introduce students to PLC
control of the Electro-Pneumatic System, Model 8075-2. Throughout the manual,
students will learn how to program, connect, operate, and troubleshoot different
pneumatic configurations. For optimum operating conditions, the incoming air
pressure should be set between 550 kPa (80 psi) and 690 kPa (100 psi).
Prerequisite
Safety considerations
Safety symbols that may be used in this manual and on the equipment are listed
in the Safety Symbols table at the beginning of the manual.
Safety procedures related to the tasks that you will be asked to perform are
indicated in each exercise.
Pneumatic devices can be harmful when not used properly. Before performing
any of the exercises in this manual, make sure that you respect the following
general guidelines:
x Put your safety glasses on.
x Avoid wearing any loose clothing (e.g. tie, long sleeves, jewelry).
x Have your hair tied out of the way if it is long.
x Clean your work area if necessary.
Also, shut off the compressed air source before disconnecting any pneumatic
tubing. Remember that you should never perform an exercise if you have any
reason to think that a manipulation could be dangerous to you or your
teammates.
Systems of units
Units are expressed using the International System of Units (SI) followed by the
units expressed in the U.S. customary system of units (between parentheses).
Appendices
Appendix B: Ladder Program Design, presents two different methods that can
be employed to program a PLC ladder program.
Accuracy of measurements
The numerical results of the hands-on exercises may differ from one student to
another. For this reason, the results and answers given in this manual should be
considered as a guide. Students who correctly performed the exercises should
expect to demonstrate the principles involved and make observations and
measurements similar to those given as answers.
In day-to-day life, compressed air can be used to inflate a bike or car tire or to
clean an area. But compressed air can also be used as a driving force that gives
motion to pneumatic tools. For example, a pneumatic drill or a nailgun (see
Figure 1) can be operated with compressed air.
The term pneumatics implies the use of the force of compressed air to induce
movement. Here are a few industrial applications of pneumatics:
x Pick up and move items
x Apply force
x Screw, drill, or nail
Electromagnet
Exhaust A Exhaust B
Compressed air
The solenoid operated valves supplied with your trainer are of the solenoid-pilot
operated type. In this type of valve, the electric current flowing through the
solenoid coil produces a magnetic field that moves a plunger. Moving the plunger
opens a flow path and allows the pilot pressure to act on the valve spool. Note
that the spool of the valve will not move if compressed air is not supplied to the
valve even though an electric current flows through the solenoid.
1. Reed switches.
2. Pneumatic cylinders.
3. Pneumatic port.
4. Cylinder valve.
5. Distribution mechanism.
6. Protective shield.
7. Limit switch terminals.
8. Limit switch.
9. Marbles container.
10. Reed switches terminals.
11. Incoming marbles piping.
Figure 5 shows the Pressure Regulator module. This device offers two different
air flow paths: one that is not regulated (labelled "2"), and one that is limited in
pressure by a rotary knob (labelled "4").
1. Pass-through port.
2. Regulated pressure gauge.
3. Pressure adjustment knob.
4. Regulated-pressure port.
PROCEDURE
Make sure you are wearing appropriate protective equipment when performing
the jobs. You should never perform a job if you have any reason to think that a
manipulation could be dangerous for you or your teammates.
2. Verify that each toggle switch turns on a specific LED on the Station Control
Valve.
a When an LED is on, this means that the corresponding valve solenoid is
actuated. Refer to the symbols printed on the valve to determine how the
pneumatic ports are now interconnected. Hydraulics and Pneumatics Graphic
Symbols are presented in Appendix G.
3. Take the Electro-Pneumatic module and remove the safety shield. No lead or
pneumatic tubing is connected to the module and the compressed air source
is closed.
4. What type of cylinders are present on the module (both cylinders are of the
same type)?
5. Open (unscrew) the left cylinder valves to a maximum and close (screw) the
right cylinder valves completely. Move both sides of the distribution
mechanism with your hands (but do not use excessive force). Which arm
moves the more easily?
a The right cylinder hardly moves and should return to its original position by
itself because the air is trapped inside the cylinder.
6. Open the right cylinder valves half way. Which cylinder rod moves faster if
you apply with your hands the same force on both sides of the distribution
mechanism?
The left cylinder with valves completely open moves faster for the same
applied force.
7. Put back the safety shield on the Electro-Pneumatic module. Connect the
pneumatic tubing on the Station Control Valve and the Electro-Pneumatic
module as shown in Figure 7. Refer to Table 1 for the Station Control Valve
electrical connections.
a To avoid air leaking from the connectors, make sure that plastic tubes are cut
clean and inserted deep enough into the connectors.
Plastic tubes are removed by pressing the release button towards the body of
the connector before pulling out the tubing.
8. Open the compressed air source. Actuate one solenoid at a time with the
help of the toggle switches. Do the cylinder rods on the Electro-Pneumatic
module extend and retract according to the symbols printed on the front of
the valves?
Yes No
Yes
Depress the yellow manual override controls located on top of the double
solenoid valve. Does this make the cylinder rod extend and retract?
Yes No
Yes
10. Install the Pressure Regulator and connect it to the pneumatic circuit
according to Figure 8. Refer to Table 1 for the Station Control Valve electrical
connections.
11. Open the compressed air source. Can you obtain air pressure greater than
that of the compressed air source by turning the manual knob?
Yes No
No
12. Adjust the pressure knob to obtain a pressure of 80 psi. Actuate the single
solenoid valve.
13. Adjust the pressure knob to obtain a pressure of 40 psi. Does the cylinder
rod move faster when the single-solenoid valve is actuated with this new
pressure setting?
Yes No
No