Blepharitis

 What causes blepharitis?

 How is blepharitis diagnosed?
 How is blepharitis treated?
Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids in which they become red, irritated and itchy and
dandruff-like scales form on the eyelashes. It is a common eye disorder caused by either bacteria or
a skin condition, such as dandruff of the scalp or rosacea. It affects people of all ages. Although
uncomfortable, blepharitis is usually not contagious and generally does not cause any permanent
damage to eyesight.

Blepharitis is classified into two types:

1. Anterior blepharitis occurs at the outside front edge of the eyelid where the eyelashes
attach.
2. Posterior blepharitis affects the inner edge of the eyelid that touches the eyeball.
People with blepharitis may experience a gritty or burning sensation in their eyes, excessive tearing,
itching, red and swollen eyelids, dry eyes or crusting of the eyelids. For some people, blepharitis
causes only minor irritation and itching. However, it can lead to more severe symptoms, such as
blurring of vision, missing or misdirected eyelashes, and inflammation of other eye tissue,
particularly the cornea. By touching and rubbing the irritated area, a secondary infection can also
result. By touching and rubbing the irritated area, a secondary infection can also result.

In many cases, good hygiene can help control blepharitis. This includes frequently washing the scalp
and face, using warm compresses to soak the eyelids and scrubbing the eyelids. When a bacterial
infection is causing or accompanies blepharitis, antibiotics and other medications may be prescribed.
What causes blepharitis?

Anterior blepharitis is commonly caused by bacteria (staphylococcal blepharitis) or dandruff of the

scalp and eyebrows (seborrheic blepharitis). These bacteria are commonly found on the face and
lids, but if they become excessive, or the lid area reacts poorly to their presence, an infection may
occur. Less commonly, allergies or a mite infestation of the eyelashes can cause anterior blepharitis.

Posterior blepharitis can occur when the1glands of the eyelids irregularly produce oil (meibomian
blepharitis). This creates a favorable environment for bacterial growth. Posterior blepharitis can also
develop as a result of other skin conditions, such as rosacea and scalp dandruff.
[back to top]
How is blepharitis diagnosed?

Blepharitis can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination. Testing, with special emphasis
on the eyelids and front surface of the eyeball, may include:
 Patient history to determine any symptoms the patient is experiencing and any general
health problems that may be contributing to the eye problem.
 External examination of the eye, including lid structure, skin texture and eyelash
appearance.
 Evaluation of the lid margins, base of the eyelashes and meibomian gland openings using
bright light and magnification.
 Evaluation of the quantity and quality of tears to check for any abnormalities.
An optometrist can determine the type of blepharitis based on the appearance of the eyelid margins.
The different types and symptoms are as follows:

 Staphyloccal blepharitis patients frequently exhibit mildly sticking eyelids, thickened lid
margins, and missing and misdirected eyelashes.
 Seborrheic blepharitis patients have greasy flakes or scales around the base of eyelashes
and a mild redness of the eyelids.
 Ulcerative blepharitis patients have matted, hard crusts around the eyelashes. Removing
the crusts leaves small sores that ooze and bleed. These patients may also experience
eyelash loss, distortion of the front edges of the eyelids and chronic tearing. In severe cases,
the cornea (the transparent front covering of the eyeball) becomes inflamed.
 Meibomian blepharitis patients have a blockage of the oil glands in the eyelids, poor quality
of tears and redness of the lining of the eyelids.

[back to top]
How is blepharitis treated?

Treatment depends on the type of blepharitis. The key to treating most types of blepharitis is keeping
the lids clean and free of crusts.

2
Applying warm compresses can loosen the crusts. Then gently scrub the eyelids with a mixture of
water and baby shampoo or an over-the-counter lid-cleansing product. (See the Self-care section
below for step-by-step directions on soaking and scrubbing the eyelids.)

In cases involving bacterial infection, an antibiotic may be prescribed.

People with blepharitis might find the following helpful:

 If the glands in the eyelids are blocked, massage the eyelids to clean out oil accumulated in
the eyelid glands.
 Use artificial tear solutions or lubricating ointments, if prescribed.
 Use anti-dandruff shampoo on the scalp.
 Limit or stop using eye makeup during treatment, as it makes lid hygiene more difficult.
 Temporarily discontinue wearing contact lenses during treatment.
Some blepharitis cases may require more complex treatment plans. Blepharitis seldom disappears
completely. Even with successful treatment, blepharitis may reoccur. ts.

Self-care

Directions for a Warm Soak of the Eyelids:

1. Wash your hands thoroughly.

2. Mix warm water and a small amount of nonirritating (baby) shampoo or a commercially
prepared lid scrub solution recommended by your optometrist.
3. Using a clean cloth (a different one for each eye), rub the solution back and forth across the
eyelashes and the edge of the closed eyelid.
4. Rinse with clear water.
5. Repeat with the other eye.

3
 Blepharitis
Contents
1. Overview
2. Treatment
3. Complications
Blepharitis is a common condition where the edges of the eyelids (eyelid
margins) become red and swollen (inflamed).

Blepharitis can develop at any age, and symptoms can include:

 itchy, sore and red eyelids that stick together
 crusty or greasy eyelashes
 a burning, gritty sensation in your eyes
 increased sensitivity to light (photophobia)
 swollen eyelid margins
 finding contact lenses uncomfortable to wear
 abnormal eyelash growth or loss of eyelashes in severe cases

In most cases both eyes are affected, but one eye can be more affected than the other.
The symptoms tend to be worse in the4 morning.
 When to get medical advice
See your high-street optician (optometrist) if you have persistent symptoms of
blepharitis that aren't being controlled by simple eyelid hygiene measures.

They can examine you to check if the problem is caused by an underlying condition, or
may refer you to an eye specialist.

Contact your optometrist or GP immediately if you have any severe symptoms. If this
isn't possible, visit your nearest accident and emergency (A&E) department.

How blepharitis is treated

Blepharitis is usually a long-term condition. Most people experience repeated episodes,
separated by periods without symptoms.

It can't usually be cured, but a daily eyelid-cleaning routine can help control the
symptoms and prevent permanent scarring of the eyelid margins.

There are three main steps to eyelid hygiene that should be performed once or twice a
day:
 using a warm compress – to make the oil produced by the glands around your eyes
more runny
 gently massaging your eyelids – to push the oils out of the glands
 cleaning your eyelids – to wipe away any excess oil and remove any crusts, bacteria,
dust or grime that might have built up

More severe cases may require antibiotics that are either applied to the eye or eyelid
directly, or taken as tablets.

Read more about treating blepharitis.

What causes blepharitis?

There are three main types of blepharitis:
5
 anterior blepharitis – where the inflammation affects the skin around the base of your
eyelashes
 posterior blepharitis – where the inflammation affects your Meibomian glands, found
along the eyelid margins behind the base of the eyelashes
 mixed blepharitis – a combination of both anterior and posterior blepharitis

Anterior blepharitis can be caused by either:

 a reaction to Staphylococcus bacteria – these usually live harmlessly on the skin of
many people, but for unknown reasons they can cause the eyelids to become inflamed
 seborrhoeic dermatitis – a skin condition that causes skin to become oily or flaky and
sometimes irritate the eyelids, causing the Meibomian glands to block

Posterior blepharitis is caused by a problem with the Meibomian glands, where the
glands get blocked by either debris, skin flakes or inflammation.

Sometimes blockages in the Meibomian glands are associated with a skin condition
called rosacea. If too much oily substance is being produced, this may be caused by
seborrhoeic dermatitis.

Mixed blepharitis, which is the most common, is caused by a combination of both

anterior and posterior blepharitis.

Blepharitis isn't contagious.

Complications
Blepharitis isn't usually serious, although it can lead to a number of further problems.

For example, many people with blepharitis also develop dry eye syndrome, where the
eyes don't produce enough tears or dry out too quickly. This can cause your eyes to feel
dry, gritty and sore.

Serious, sight-threatening problems are rare, particularly if any complications that

develop are identified and treated quickly.

6
Read about the complications of blepharitis
Blefaritis
Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Loncat ke navigasiLoncat ke pencarian

Blepharitis

Bayi dengan blefaritis pada bagian kanan

Klasifikasi dan rujukan luar

Spesialisasi Oftalmologi

ICD-10 H01.0

ICD-9-CM 373.0

DiseasesDB 1455

MedlinePlus 001619

eMedicine oph/81

Patient UK Blefaritis

MeSH D001762

[sunting di Wikidata]
7
 Blefaritis merupakan infeksi pada kelopak mata, kemerahan, iritasi, kulit yang bersisik.[1] Blefaritis
dapat menyebabkan rasa terbakar dan rasa tidak nyaman ada mata, lalu ada serpihan dan kerak di
rambut mata.[1] Kondisi ini umum terjadi dan sering kambuh, dan dihubungkan dengan
kemunculan ketombe pada kulit atau eksem.[1] Blefaritis yang parah dapat menyebabkan ulkus pada
bagian kornea.[1] Penggunaan produk shampoo anti-ketombe dapat meringankan blefaritis. [1]

Daftar isi

 1Klasifikasi
 2Penyebab
 3Penyembuhan
 4Referensi

Klasifikasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Blefaritis dibagi atas dua jenis:

 Anterior : Terjadi di luar tepi depan kelopak mata dimana rambut mata menempel. [2]
 Posterior : Terjadi di bagian dalam kelopak mata dekat dengan bola mata. [2]

Penyebab[sunting | sunting sumber]

 Anterior : Untuk blefaritis anterior disebabkan oleh bakteri Gram positif Staphylococcus
aureus atau ketombe pada kulit sekitar mata dan alis mata. Blefaritis anterior dapat disebabkan
juga akibat alergi.[2]
 Posterior : Produksi minyak yang tidak teratur sehingga menjadi habitat bakteri. [2]

Penyembuhan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Berbagai cara dapat digunakan untuk menyembuhkan blefaritis:

 Kompres dengan air panas pada area sekitar mata, diikuti dengan gosokan dengan air yang
telah dicampur dengan shampoo bayi.[2]
 Membuat air mata buatan untuk lubrikasi area sekitar mata. [2]
 Menggunakan shampoo anti-ketombe pada area sekitar mata. [2]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

1. ^ a b c d e (Inggris) Peters M. A-Z Family Medical Enyclopedia. British Medical Association.
2. ^ a b c d e f g (Inggris) American Optometric Association. 2014. Blepharitis [terhubung
berkala]. http://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/eye-and-vision-problems/glossary-of-eye-and-vision-
conditions/blepharitis?sso=y [28 Mei 2014].