Yield Line PDF

Structural Analysis and Design of a 2B+G+M+15 office Building
Yield line
Trapezoidal panel type 1, yield line pattern 1
Figure x.y: Trapezoidal panel type 1

Proposed yield line pattern
Figure x.y: Proposed yield line pattern and regions

The moment that causes rotation about x axis is called My and the moment that causes rotation
about y axis is called Mx and both are followed by ‘f’ or ‘s’ to signify field or support moment
respectively.
Unity University Senior Essay

2018
Figure x.y: Designation of field and support moment

From figure x.y the term Mxs1, Mxs2, Mys1, Mys2 can be obtained using the following
expressions
M ys1 = i1 * M yf
M ys2 = i 3 * M yf
M xs1 = i 4 * M xf
M xs2 = i 2 * M xf
Where i1 to i4 are constants that vary between 1 and 3.
Since the important parameters are defined and the next step here after is developing equations
from method of, either, segment equilibrium or method of virtual work. Here the method of
segment equilibrium is implemented.
Segment I
Figure x.y: Segment 1

Taking moment about axis 1-1
1 ( L )
Myf * L1 + M ys1 * L1 = Pd * * ( 1 L3 )( L1 ) 1 3
2 3
Pd ( L1 )( 1 L3 ) 2
Myf * L1 * (1 + i1 ) = Eqn. 1
3

2018
Segment II
Figure x.y: Geometric parameters of segment II
The relationship between different parameters is discussed here under

( L2 − L1 ) 2
l' = ( ) + L23
2
2 3 L2
y1 = l3 ( − 1)
L2 − L1
 3 L2
x1' = ( L3 + y1 −  2 L3 )
L3 + y1
 3 L2
x2; = ( 1 L3 + y1 )
L3 + y1
y1 + l3
 = tan −1 ( )
 3l 2

2018
x1'' = x1' sin(  )

x 2'' = x 2' sin(  )
L1' = ( 3 L2 ) 2 + ( 2 L3 ) 2
L2 − L1 2
L'2 = (  3 L2 − ) + ( 1 L3 ) 2
2
Z 1 = L1'2 − x1''2
Z 2 = L'22 − x 2''2
Moment from internal action
L2 − L1
M xf * L3 + M yf * ( ) + M xs1 * l ' Eqn. 2
2
Moment from load
z 2 l ' z1 l' z l' z z
Pd ( x 2''2 ( + − ) + x1''2 ( + 2 ) + x1'' x 2'' ( − 1 + 2 )) Eqn. 3
3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Equation 2 and 3 should be equal.
Segment III
Figure x.y: Segment III with geometric parameters

1 ( L )
Myf * L 2 + M ys2 * L 2 = Pd * * (  2 L3 )( L1 ) 2 3
2 3
Pd ( L2 )(  2 L3 ) 2
Myf * L 2 * (1 + i3 ) = Eqn. 4
3
Segment IV

2018
Figure x.y: Designation of geometric parameters for segment IV

( L2 − L1 ) 2
l' = ( ) + L23
2
2 L3 ( L1 / 2 + L2 (1 / 2 −  3 ))
y1 =
( L2 − L1 ) / 2
(1 −  3 ) L2
x1' = ( L3 + y1 −  2 L3 )
L3 + y1
(1 −  3 ) L2
x2; = ( 1 L3 + y1 )
L3 + y1
2 L3
 = tan −1 ( )
L2 − L1
x1'' = x1' sin(  )

2018
x 2'' = x 2' sin(  )
L1' = ((1 −  3 ) L2 ) 2 + ( 2 L3 ) 2
L'2 = ( L1 / 2 + (1 / 2 −  3 ) L2 ) 2 + (1 L3 ) 2
Z 1 = L1'2 − x1''2
Z 2 = L'22 − x 2''2
L2 − L1
M xf * L3 + M yf * ( ) + M xs 2 * l ' Eqn. 5
2
Moment from load
z1 1 '' x1'' − x 2'' x 2'' 1
Pd ( x ( ) + ( x1 − x 2 )(l − z1 − z 2 )( x 2 +
'' 2
1
'' ' ''
) + x 2 (l − z1 − z 2 ) + z 2 x '2'2 ) Eqn. 6
'' '
6 2 3 2 6
The equilibrium equation for each segment is developed. Since each equation has non-linearity it
is easier to set up the equations in excel and search for the possible solutions using solver.
Panel SEGMENT
Geometry Moment Load SHEAR
L1 L2 L3 Mxf Myf 20 COEFFICIENT
PARAMETERS
4.17 4.91 4.99 Check 8.105236 6.622642 βtop 1.114336

β1 β2 β3 l' OK i1 i2 i3 i4 βbottom 1.485782
0.446628 0.446628 0.5 5.0037 0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 β RHS 1.664713
β1(l3) β2(l3) β3(l2) y1(II) y1(Iv) Mys1 Mys2 Mxs1 Mx2 β LHS 2.425211
2.228673 2.228673 2.455 28.1193 28.11932 9.933963 9.933963 12.15785 12.15785
S32
SEGMENT Iv SEGMENT II
x1' x2' ∅(rad) x1'' x2'' Segment I Segment II Top Pd*β1(l3) 44.57345
2.289748 2.250252 1.496783 2.28348 2.2441 INTERNAL 69.04104 INTERNAL 103.7297 Bottom Pd*β2(l3) 44.57345
L1' L2' Z1 Z2 l' EXTERNAL 69.04104 EXTERNAL 103.7297 Pd*x1'' 45.66958
RHS
3.315721 3.051918 2.404107 2.068 5.003699 ∆ 1.55E-10 ∆ 1.94E-10 Pd*x2'' 44.88184
x1' x2' ∅(rad) x1'' x2'' Segment III Segment Iv Pd*x1'' 45.66958
LHS
2.289748 2.250252 1.496783 2.28348 2.2441 INTERNAL 81.29293 INTERNAL 103.7297 Pd*x2'' 44.88184
L1' L2' Z1 Z2 l' EXTERNAL 81.29293 EXTERNAL 103.7297
3.315721 3.051918 2.404107 2.068 5.003699 ∆ 5.35E-09 ∆ 1.93E-10
Figure x.y: Excel spreadsheet solution for the equilibrium equation.

From figure x.y, the excel spreadsheet solution for panel S32 is shown. For this particular panel,
the spreadsheet solution is Mxf=8.105 KN-m/m, Myf=6.63 KN-m/m, Mxs1=Mxs2=12.15 Kn-m
/m and Mys1=Mys2=9.93 KN-m/m.

2018
Figure x.y: yield line pattern type 2

Segment I
Figure x.y: segment I geometry

L 2 − L1
M yf L1 + i1 M yf L1 = Pd ( 16 ( 1 L2 − )( L3 −  3 L3 ) 2 + 12 ( L2 − 1 L1 −  2 L2 ) * ( L3 −  3 L3 ) 2
2
L 2 − L1
+ 16 (  2 L2 − )( L3 −  3 L3 ) 2 ) Eqn. 5'
2
Segment II

2018
Figure x.y: geometric parameters of segment II
L' = L23 + ( L2 2− L1 ) 2
L2 − L1
x' = ( )(  3 L3 )
2 L3
x1' = 1 L2 − x '
L2 − L1
tan(  ) =
2 L3
x1'' = x1' sin( 90 −  )
L2 − L1 x1''2
M xf L3 + M yf ( 2 ) + i4 M xf L = P d ( L
' '
) Eqn. 6'
6
Segment III

2018
Figure x.y: Geometry of segment III

1 (  3 L3 ) 2 1 (  3 L3 ) 2 1
Myf * L 2 + M ys2 * L 2 = Pd ( * ( 1 L2 ) + * (  2 L2 ) + * ( L2 − 1 L2 −  2 L2 )(  3 L3 ) 2 Eqn. 7'
2 3 2 3 2
Segment IV
Figure x.y: geometry of segment IV

L 2 − L1 2
L' = L23 + ( )
2
L2 − L1
x' = ( )(  3 L3 )
2 L3
9

2018
x1' =  2 L2 − x '
L2 − L1
tan( ) =
2 L3
x1'' = x1' sin( 90 −  )

x1''2
M x L3 + M yf ( L2 − L1 ) + i 2 M xf L' = P d ( L' ) Eqn. 8'
6
Figure x.y: Trapezoidal panel Type 2, yield line pattern 1
Figure x.y: Global x-y direction and moment on panel

From figure x.y the term Mxs1, Mxs2, Mys1, Mys2 can be obtained using the following
expressions
M ys1 = i1 * M yf
10

2018
M ys2 = i 3 * M yf
M xs1 = i 4 * M xf
M xs2 = i 2 * M xf
Since the important parameters are defined and the next step here after is developing equations
from method of, either, segment equilibrium or method of virtual work. Here the method of
segment equilibrium is implemented.
Segment I
Figure x.y: Segment 1

1 ( L )
Myf * L1 + M ys1 * L1 = Pd * * ( 1 L3 )( L1 ) 1 3
2 3
Pd ( L1 )( 1 L3 ) 2
Myf * L1 * (1 + i1 ) = Eqn. 7
3
Segment II
Figure x.y: Geometric parameters of segment II

11

2018
M xf * L3 + M xs1 * L3 Eqn. 8
Moment from load
1 1 1
Pd ( (  1 L3 )(  3 L2 ) 2 + (  2 L3 )(  3 L2 ) 2 + ( L3 −  1 L3 −  2 L3 )(  3 L2 ) 2 ) Eqn. 9
6 6 2
Segment III
Figure x.y: Segment III with geometric parameters

1 ( L )
Myf * L 2 + M ys2 * L 2 = Pd * * (  2 L3 )( L2 ) 2 3
2 3
Pd ( L2 )(  2 L3 ) 2
Myf * L 2 * (1 + i3 ) = Eqn. 10
3
Segment IV
12

2018
Figure x.y: Designation of geometric parameters for segment IV

This segment is the same as segment IV of trapezoidal panel type 1. Therefore, the same equations
are used here.
L2 − L1
M xf * L3 + M yf * ( ) + M xs 2 * l ' Eqn. 5
2
Moment from load
z1 1 x '' − x 2'' x '' 1
Pd ( x1''2 ( ) + ( x1'' − x 2'' )(l ' − z1 − z 2 )( x 2'' + 1 ) + x 2'' (l ' − z1 − z 2 ) 2 + z 2 x '2'2 ) Eqn. 6
6 2 3 2 6
Solving the above equations in excel spreadsheet.
13

2018
Panel SEGMENT one side slanted

PARAMETERS
4.17 4.91 4.99 Check 0.040685 0.313938 βtop 0.242618
β1 β2 β3 l' OK i1 i2 i3 i4 βbottom 0.32349
0.097242 0.097242 0.022016 5.003699 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 β RHS 5.224566
β1(l3) β2(l3) β3(l2) y1(II) y1(Iv) Mys1 Mys2 Mxs1 Mx2 β LHS -0.05917
0.485235 0.485235 0.1081 -3.53212 59.77077 0.470907 0.470907 0.061028 0.061028
S15
SEGMENT Iv SEGMENT II
x1' x2' ∅(rad) x1'' x2'' Segment I Segment II Top Pd*β1(l3) 9.704706
0.07212 -0.22592 1.496783 0.071923 -0.2253 INTERNAL 3.272801 INTERNAL 0.624542 Bottom Pd*β2(l3) 9.704706
L1' L2' Z1 Z2 l' EXTERNAL 3.272801 EXTERNAL 0.624497 Pd*x1'' 1.438455
RHS
0.497131 0.551403 0.4919 0.503 5.003699 ∆ 4.56E-07 ∆ 4.58E-05 Pd*x2'' -4.50605
x1' x2' ∅(rad) x1'' x2'' Segment III Segment Iv Pd*x1'' 95.05747
LHS
4.826355 4.458385 0.838985 0.156 5.003699 ∆ 5.37E-07 ∆ 4.5E-05
Figure x.y: Trapezoidal panel Type II, yield line pattern 1 excel spreadsheet solution
Figure x.y: yield line pattern 2, trapezoidal panel type II

Segment I

Internal action moment
14

2018
M ys1 * L1 + M yf * L1 Eqn. 11
External load moment
1 1 1
Pd ( ( L1 + L2 (  2 − 1)) * ( L 3 −  3 L3 ) 2 + ( L1 + L2 (  2 − 1)) * ( L 3 −  3 L3 ) 2 + (  1 L2 ) * ( L 3 −  3 L3 ) 2 Eqn. 12
6 2 6
Segment II

1 ( L )
Mxf * L 3 + M xs1 * L 3 = Pd * * ( 1 L2 )( L3 ) 1 2
2 3
Pd ( L3 )( 1 L2 ) 2
Mxf * L 3 * (1 + i4 ) = Eqn. 13
3
Segment III
15

2018
2 2
1 (  3 L3 ) 1 (  3 L3 ) 1 2
Myf * L 2 + M ys2 * L 2 = Pd ( * ( 1 L2 ) + * (  2 L2 ) + * ( L2 − 1 L2 −  2 L2 )(  3 L3 ) Eqn. 14
2 3 2 3 2
Segment IV
Figure x.y: geometric parameters of segment IV

L' = L23 + ( L2 − L1 ) 2
L2 − L1
x' = ( )(  3 L3 )
L3
x1' =  2 L2 − x '
L2 − L1
tan(  ) =
L3
x1'' = x1' sin( 90 −  )
16

2018
x1''2
M xf L3 + M yf ( L2 − L1 ) + i2 M xf L = P d ( L '
) '
Eqn. 15
6
Solving equation 12 through 15 in excel spreadsheet
PARAMETERS
4.17 4.91 4.99 Check 7.292285 11.61907 βtop

β1 β2 β3 l' NOT OK i1 i2 i3 i4 βbottom
0.4763 0.590015 0.635205 5.003699 0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 β RHS
β1(l2) β2(l2) β3(l3) y1(II) y1(Iv) Mys1 Mys2 Mxs1 Mx2 β LHS
2.338635 2.896974 3.169672 37.0724 19.16625 17.4286 17.4286 10.93843 10.93843
S15 x' ∅(rad) x1' x1'' l' Segment I Segment II RHS Pd*xl" 46.77269
0.429611 1.423573 2.467363 2.4407 5.044571 INTERNAL 121.1288 INTERNAL 90.97125 LHS Pd*β1(l2) 48.81342
SEGMENT IV
EXTERNAL 121.1288 EXTERNAL 90.97123 Pd*(l3-β3(l3)) 36.40656

TOP
∆ -6.5E-06 ∆ 2.18E-05 Pd*(l3-β3(l3)) 36.40656
Segment III Segment Iv Pd*β3(l3) 63.39344
Bottom
INTERNAL 142.6241 INTERNAL 100.1663 Pd*β3(l3) 63.39344
EXTERNAL 142.6241 EXTERNAL 100.1663
∆ 3.28E-06 ∆ 1.05E-05
Figure x.y: yield line pattern 2 excel spreadsheet solution

From the two yield line patterns, pattern 2 governs. This is due to the fact that yield line pattern 2
provides a higher design moment for the same loading.
17

2018
Triangular panel type I, Right angle triangle
Figure x.y: Triangular panel type I

Figure x.y: proposed yield line pattern

18

2018
Segment I
Figure x.y: Segment I geometric parameters

1 ( L ) 2
M xf L2 + M xs1 L2 = Pd ( L2 1 1 )
2 3
1
M xf L2 (1 + i1 ) = Pd L2 (  1 L1 ) 2 Eqn. 16
6
Segment II
Figure x.y: segment II geometric parameters

1 ( L ) 2
M yf L1 + i3 M yf L1 = Pd ( L1 2 2 )
2 3
1
(1 + i3 ) M yf L1 = Pd ( L1 (  2 L2 ) 2 ) Eqn. 17
6
19

2018
Segment III
Figure x.y: geometric parameters of segment III

L1
m= ( L2 )(1 −  2 ) = L1 (1 −  2 )
L2
x ' = m − 1 L1 = L1 (1 −  2 ) − 1 L1 = L1 (1 −  2 − 1 )
L2
tan(  ) =
L1
x '' = x ' sin(  )
1 ''
M xf L2 + M yf L1 + i2 M xf L' = Pd ( x '' L' x )
2 3
1
M xf L2 + M yf L1 + i2 M xf L' = Pd ( L' x ''2 ) Eqn. 18
6
20

2018
Solving the equations 16 to 18 the following result is found

Triangular, Right Angle Triangle
Panel SEGMENT
L1 L2 Mxf Myf 20 COEFFICIENT
PARAMETERS
5 3.93 Check 3.665859 1.336 RHS Pd*xl" 33.1626

β1 β2 l' OK i1 i2 i3 LHS Pd*β1(l2) 32.52294
0.3316 0.2547 6.3596 1.5 1.5 1.5 Pd*(l3-β3(l3)) 0
TOP
S15 β1(l1) β2(l2) Mxs1 Mxs2 Mys1 Pd*(l3-β3(l3)) 0
1.6581 1.001 5.498789 5.4988 2.0039852 Pd*β3(l3) 0
Bottom
SEGMENT IV
m x' Ø x'' Segment I Segment II Segment III Pd*β3(l3) 0

3.7265 2.0683 0.9047 1.6261 INTERNAL 36.017 INTERNAL 16.7 INTERNAL 56.057
EXTERNAL 36.017 EXTERNAL 16.7 EXTERNAL 56.057
∆ 6E-07 ∆ 1E-08 ∆ 9E-07
Figure x.y: Excel spreadsheet solution of equation 15 to 18.
Triangular panel type II, isosceles triangle
Figure x.y: Triangular panel type II


21

2018
Segment I
Figure x.y: Segment I geometric parameters

 2 L2
x' = ( L1 − 1 L1 ) =  2 L2 (1 − 1 )
L1
L' = L12 + (  2 L2 ) 2
L1
tan(  ) =
 2 L2
x '' = x ' sin(  )
1 x ''
i1 M xf L' + M yf (  2 L2 ) + M xf L1 = Pd ( x '' l ' )
2 3
x ''2
i1 M xf L' + M yf (  2 L2 ) + M xf L1 = Pd ( L' )
6
Segment II
Figure x.y: Segment II geometry

22

2018

1 ( L )
( M yf + i3 M yf ) L2 = Pd ( ( 1 L1 )( L2 ) 1 1 )
2 3
( 1 L1 ) 2
M yf (1 + i3 ) L2 = Pd (( L2 ) ) Eqn. 20
6
Solving equation 19 and 20 in excel spreadsheet the following result are found
Triangular, isosceles Triangle
L1 L2 Mxf Myf 20 COEFFICIENT
PARAMETERS
6.54 4.18 Check 3.713671 1.146403 RHS Pd*xl" 18.5451

β1 β2 l' OK i1 i2 i3 LHS Pd*β1(l2) 0
0.141782 0.492056 6.865836 1.5 1.5 1.5 Pd*(l3-β3(l3)) 0
TOP
T1 β1(l1) β2(l2) Mxs1 Mxs2 Mys1 Pd*(l3-β3(l3)) 0
0.927255 2.056793 5.570506 5.570506 1.719604 Pd*β3(l3) 0
Bottom
SEGMENT IV
x' Ø x'' Segment I Segment III Pd*β3(l3) 0

1.765177 1.266096 1.6839 INTERNAL 64.8915 INTERNAL 11.97991
∆ -7.4E-08 ∆ 2.95E-07
Quarter circle panel
Figure x.y: quarter circle panel
23

2018
Figure x.y: Proposed yield line pattern

Segment I
Figure x.y: Segment I geometry

1 ( L )
Myf * L1 + M ys1 * L1 = Pd * * ( 1 L2 )( L1 ) 1 2
2 3
Pd ( L1 )( 1 L2 ) 2
Myf * L1 * (1 + i1 ) = Eqn. 21
3
Segment II
Taking moment about axis 2-2(see figure x.y)
1 ( L )
Mxf * L 2 + M xs1 * L 2 = Pd * * (  2 L1 )( L2 ) 2 1
2 3
Pd ( L2 )(  2 L1 ) 2
Mxf * L 2 * (1 + i3 ) = Eqn. 22
3
24

2018
Figure x.y: segment II geometry

Segment III
Figure x.y: Segment III geometry
25

2018

r
M xf *L 2 + M yf * L1 + M xs * ( )
2
External action moment
here the curved nature of the segment makes moment calculation about axis 3-3 a bit complicated.
The use of integration is apparent and from here forward the top and bottom parts of the segment
are integrated to determine moment of the load on axis 3-3.
(L1,0) to (β2L1, β1L2)
y − b1 2
1L2 ( r2 − y2 − ( ))
m1
I1 = 0
2
dy
Up on expansion of terms:
1L2 1L2 1L2 1L2
1 2 y b1 ( y − b1 ) 2
I1 = 0
2
(r − y 2 )dy − 
0
m1
r 2 − y 2 dy + 0
m1
r 2 − y 2 dy + 0
m1
dy
Integrating each parts, the following result is found

1 2 (  L )3 1 b L r2 L 1 b3
I1 = (r ( 1L2 ) − 1 2 ) + ((r 2 − ( 1L2 ) 2 )(3 / 2) − r 3 ) + 1 ( 1 2 r 2 − ( 1L2 ) 2 + sin −1 ( 1 2 )) + ((1L2 − b1 )3 + 1 )
2 3 3m1 m1 2 2 r 2m12 3
(β2L1, β1L2) to (0, L2)

y − b2 2
L2 ( r2 − y2 − ( ))
m2
I2 = 
1L2 2
dy
Upon expansion of terms

( y − b2 ) 2
L2 2 L L2 L2
1 y b
I 2 =  (r 2 − y 2 )dy −  r − y dy +  2
2 2
r − y dy +
2 2
 m2 dy
1L2 2 1L2 m2 1L2 m2 1L2
Integrating each parts, the following result are found

1 L3 1 b L r2 L L
I 2 = (r 2 L2 (1 − 1 ) + 2 ( 13 − 1)) + (( r 2 − L22 )(3 / 2) − (r 2 − ( 1L2 ) 2 )(3 / 2) ) + 2 ( 2 r 2 − L22 + sin −1 ( 2 ) − 1 2 r 2 − ( 1L2 ) 2
2 3 3m2 m2 2 2 r 2
r 2 −1 1L2 1
− sin ( )) + (( L2 − b2 )3 − ( 1L2 − b2 )3 )
2 r 6m2
Equating external and internal action
r
M xf *L 2 + M yf * L1 + M xs * ( ) Eqn. 23
2
26

2018
Circular arc
Figure x.y: Circular arc geometric parameters and proposed yield line pattern
Figure x.y: Moment on circular arc
27

2018
Segment I
Figure x.y: geometric parameters of segment I

Moment due to internal action
M ys1 * L1 + M yf * L1 = L1 M yf (1 + i1 )
Moment due to external action
1 ( L ) 2 ( L ) 2
Pd ( L2 \ 2 2 ) = Pd L2\ 2 2
2 3 6
Equating the two
(  2 L2 ) 2
L1 M yf (1 + i1 ) = Pd L2 \ Eqn. 24
6
Segment II
Figure x.y: geometric parameters of segment II
28

2018
Moment about axis 2-2

L2
M yf * ( L1 − ) + M xf L2
tan(  )
Section 1
( y − b1 ) 2
v1 +  2 L2 ( r2 − y2 − ( ))
m1
I1 = 
v1
2
dy
v1 +  2 L2 v1 +  2 L2 v1 +  2 L2 v1 +  2 L2
1 2 y b1 ( y − b1 ) 2
I1 = 
v1
2
(r − y 2 )dy − 
v1
m1
r 2 − y 2 dy + 
v1
m1
r 2 − y 2 dy + 
v1
(
m1
)dy
Integrating each term

I1 = 1
2
(  2 L2 )( r 2 − (v1 +  2 L2 )( 2v1 +  2 L2 ) + 1
3m1
(( r 2 − (v1 +  2 L2 ) 2 ) (3 / 2) − (r 2 − v1 2 ) 3 / 2 ) _
v1 +  2 L2 v1
(r 2 − (v1 +  2 L2 ) 2 + r2
sin −1 ( r2
sin −1 (
b1
+ m1
( 12 2
) − ( 12 (r 2 − (v1 ) 2 + 2
)))
r r
1
+ (( v1 +  2 L2 − b1 ) 3 − (v1 − b1 ) 3 ) Eqn. 25
6m12
Section 2
( y − b2 ) 2
L2 ( r2 − y2 − ( ))
m2
I2 = 
v1 +  2 L2
2
dy
V1 + L2 V +L V1 + L2 V1 + L2
1 2 1 2
y b2 ( y − b2 ) 2
I2 =  − −  r 2 − y 2 dy +  r 2 − y 2 dy + 
2
( r y ) dy ( )dy
v1 +  2 L2
2 v1 +  2 L2
m2 v1 +  2 L2
m2 v1 +  2 L2
m2
Integrating each term
L22
I2 = 1
2
L2 (1 −  2 )( r 2 + 23 v12 + v1 L2 (1 −  2 ) + 3
(1 +  2 +  22 )) + 3m1 (( r 2 − (v1 + L2 ) 2 ) (3 / 2) − (r 2 − (v1 +  2 L2 ) 2 ) (3 / 2) )
2
v +L v1 +  2 L2
sin −1 ( 1 r 2 ) − 12 r − (v1 +  2 L2 ) − r2 sin −1 ( (( L2 + v1 − b1 ) 3 − (  2 L2 + v1 − b1 ) 3 )
b2 r2 2
m2
( 12 r − (v1 + L2 ) +
2 2
2
2 2
r
) + 12
6 m1
Eqn.26
29

2018
Where:
 2 L2
m1 =
1 L1 − L1
b1 = v1 − m1 ( L1 + h1 )
 2 L2 − L2
m2 =
 1 L1
b2 = (v1 + L2 ) − m2 (h1 )
Segment III
Figure x.y: segment III geometric properties

a (v + L2 ) tan( )
= 1
 2 L2 L2
a =  2 (v1 + L2 ) tan( )
 = 90 − 
L2
L' =
sin(  )
x ' = 1 L1 − a
x '' = x ' sin( )
30

2018
Moment due to internal action

M xf L2 + M yf ((v1 + L2 ) tan( ) − h1 ) + i2 M xf L' Eqn. 27
Pd 12 x '' L' x ''
3 = 16 Pd L' x ''2 Eqn. 28
Irregular shape Type I
Figure x.y: Irregular panel type I


31

2018
Segment I
Figure x.y: Geometry of segment I

Pd L1 (  3 L3 ) 2
M yf L1 (1 + i1 ) = Eqn. 29
6
Segment II
Figure x.y: geometry of segment II
32

2018

(i4 M xf + M xf ) L4 = M xf L4 (1 + i4 ) Eqn. 30
(  3 L3 )( 1 L1 ) 2 L3 (1 −  3 −  4 )(  2 L2 ) 2 1 2
Pd ( + + ( 1 L1 −  2 L2 )(1 −  3 −  4 )( 1 L1 +  2 L2 )
6 2 6 3
1
+ ( L4 + L3 (  4 − 1))(  2 L2 ) 2 ) Eqn. 31
6
Segment III
Figure x.y: segment III geometry

t L3 − L4
=
L2 −  2 L2 L2
L3 − L4
t= ( L2 −  2 L2 ) = ( L3 − L4 )(1 −  2 )
L2
33

2018
L3 − L4
tan(  ) =
L2
x ' = (  4 L3 − t ) sin( 90 −  )
L' = ( L3 − L4 ) 2 + L22
M yf L 2 +M xf ( L3 − L4 ) _ i3 M yf L' Eqn. 32
Pd ' '2
Lx Eqn. 33
6
Segment IV
Figure x.y: segment Iv geometric parameters
34

2018
m = ( L1 − L2 )(1 −  4 )
n = ( L1 − L2 )(  3 )
x1' = L1 − L2 (1 +  2 ) − m
x2' = L2 (1 − 1 ) − n
L3
tan(  ) =
L1 − L2
x1'' = x1' sin(  )
x 2'' = x 2' sin(  )
L1' = ( L1 (1 −  2 )) 2 + ( 4 L3 ) 2
L'2 = ( L1 (1 −  2 )) 2 + ( 3 L3 ) 2
z1 = L1'2 − x1''2
z2 = L'22 − x 2''2
Internal moment
M xf L 3 +M yf ( L2 − L1 ) + i2 M xf L' Eqn. 34
x1''2 x '' 2 x '' 2 ( x '' − x 2'' )
Pd ( z1 + z 2 2 + 2 ( L' − z1 − z 2 ) + 12 ( x1'' − x 2'' )( L' − z1 − z 2 )( x 2'' + 1 )) Eqn. 35
6 6 2 3
Solving equation 29 to 35 using excels solver
L1 L2 L3 L4 Mxf Myf 20 COEFFICIENT
PARAMETERS
5 2.44 6.27 4.51 6.323376 5.744337 βtop 1.270282

β1 β2 β3 β4 l' i1 i2 i3 i4 βbottom 1.137712
0.508113 0.699413 0.331042 0.528142 6.39932 OK 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 β RHS 1.232761
β1(l1) β2(l2) β3(l3) β4(l3) Mys1 Mys2 Mxs1 Mx2 β LHS
2.540564 1.706569 2.075633 3.311453 8.616506 8.616506 9.485064 9.485064
S20 ∅(rad) x' l' Segment I Segment II Top Pd*β1(l3) 50.81128
SEGMENT III
0.624886 2.256625 3.0085 INTERNAL 71.80422 INTERNAL 71.29606 Bottom Pd*β2(l3) 34.13137
x1' x2' ∅(rad) x1'' x2'' EXTERNAL 71.80421 EXTERNAL 71.29608 Pd*x1'' 0
RHS
SEGMENT Iv
2.085476 1.611968 1.183161 1.930745 1.4924 ∆ 1.08E-05 ∆ -2.2E-05 Pd*x2'' 0

L1' L2' Z1 Z2 l' Segment III Segment Iv Pd*x1'' 38.6149
LHS
∆ 4.54E-05 ∆ 4.93E-06
Figure x.y: Excel solution to the equilibrium equations

35

2018
Irregular shape Type II
Figure x.y: Irregular shape type 2
Figure x.y: geometric parameter of irregular panel type 2
36

2018
Segment I
Figure x.y: segment I geometric parameters

M yf L1 (1 + i1 ) = 16 Pd L1 ( 3 L3 ) 2 Eqn. 36
Segment II
Figure x.y: segment II geometric parameters
37

2018
m k
=
L4 −  3 L3 L4
k
m= ( L4 −  3 L3 )
L4
x2' = 1 L1 + k − m
n k
=
 4 L3 − L3 + L4 L4
k
n= (  4 L3 − L3 + L4 )
L4
x1' =  2 L2 − n
k
tan(  ) =
L4
x1'' = x1' sin( 90 −  )

x2'' = x2' sin( 90 −  )
L1' = ( 2 L2 ) 2 + ( 4 L4 − L3 + L4 ) 2
L'2 = ( 1 L1 ) 2 + (  3 L3 ) 2
Z1 = L1' 2 − x1'' 2
Z 2 = L'22 − x 2''2
Taking moment about 2-2
i4 M xf L' + M xf L4 + M yf k Eqn. 37
x1''2 x '' − x1''
Pd ( 16 z1 x1''2 + 16 z 2 x 2''2 + ( L' − z1 − z 2 ) + ( x 2'' − x1'' )( L' − z1 − z 2 )( x1'' + 2 )) Eqn. 38
2 3
Segment III
Same as irregular panel type 1.
Segment IV
Same as irregular panel type 1.
Solving the above equations in spreadsheet
38

2018

L1 L2 L3 L4 k o Mxf Myf 20 COEFFICIENT
PARAMETERS
6.22 3.91 5.6 4.11 1.07 3.38 14.69059 4.527608 βtop 1.137319
β1 β2 β3 β4 i1 i2 i3 i4 βbottom 1.450623
0.365697 0.556505 0.329061 0.53998 OK 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 β RHS 1.950769
β1(l1) β2(l2) β3(l3) β4(l3) Mys1 Mys2 Mxs1 Mx2 β LHS
2.274638 2.175935 1.842744 3.02388 6.791412 6.791412 22.03588 22.03588
x1' x2' ∅(rad) x1'' x2'' m
S22 1.776603 2.7544 0.254687 1.71929 2.6655 0.5903
SEGMENT II
L1' L2' Z1 Z2 l' n Segment I Segment II Top Pd*β1(l3) 45.49276
2.662234 2.927402 2.032615 1.210 4.246999 0.399332 INTERNAL 70.4043 INTERNAL 117.0394 Bottom Pd*β2(l3) 43.5187
∅(rad) x' l' EXTERNAL 70.4043 EXTERNAL 117.0393 Pd*x1'' 0
SEGMENT III RHS
0.364085 2.208176 4.1843 ∆ 3.9E-07 ∆ 0.00011 Pd*x2'' 0
SEGMENT Iv
x1' x2' ∅(rad) x1'' x2'' m Segment III Segment Iv Pd*x1'' 60.94345
LHS
3.5592 2.833134 1.027755 3.04717 2.4256 1.5549 INTERNAL 68.00909 INTERNAL 215.9447 Pd*x2'' 48.51125
L1' L2' Z1 Z2 l' n EXTERNAL 68.00909 EXTERNAL 215.9447
3.485807 4.35449 1.692806 3.616 6.540979 1.112228 ∆ 7.25E-07 ∆ 3.67E-05
Figure x.y: Solution of equilibrium equation for type I, Irregular shape

Curved Trapezoidal panel, Type I
Figure x.y: Curved trapezoidal, with proposed yield line
39

2018
Segment I
Figure x.y: geometry of segment I

( p + 1 L3 ) − p − 21 L3
m1 = =
0 − L1 / 2 L1
− 21 L3
b1 = ( p − ( )( L1 / 2) = P + 1 L3
L1
2r
( M yf + M ys1 ) * = r M yf (1 + i1 )
2
((m1 x + b1 ) − r 2 − x 2 ) 2
L1 / 2
I1 = 2Pd 0
2
dx
40

2018
L1 / 2
I1 = Pd 0
(m1 x + b1 ) 2 − 2(m1 x + b1 ) r 2 − x 2 + (r 2 + x 2 )dx
Integrating the above expression
I1 = 2Pd ( 61m1 (( m12L1 + b1 ) 3 − b13 ) + m31 ((r 2 − L41 ) (3 / 2) − r 3 ) − 12 ( L41 r 2 − L41 + r2 sin −1 ( 2L1r )) + r 2L1 + 24
2 2 2 2 3
L1
)
rM yf (1 + i1 ) = I 1 Eqn. 39
Segment II
Same as segment II of trapezoidal type I, with  3 = 0.5
( L2 − L1 ) 2
l' = ( ) + L23
2
2(1 / 2) L2
y1 = l3 ( − 1)
L2 − L1
(1 / 2) L2
x1' = ( L3 + y1 −  2 L3 )
L3 + y1
(1 / 2) L2
x2; = ( 1 L3 + y1 )
L3 + y1
y1 + l3
 = tan −1 ( )
(1 / 2)l 2
x1'' = x1' sin(  )
x 2'' = x 2' sin(  )
L1' = (1 / 2)( L2 ) 2 + ( 2 L3 ) 2
L2 − L1 2
L'2 = ((1 / 2) L2 − ) + ( 1 L3 ) 2
2
Z 1 = L1'2 − x1''2
Z 2 = L'22 − x 2''2
L2 − L1
M xf * L3 + M yf * ( ) + M xs1 * l ' Eqn. 40
2
41

2018
Moment from load

z 2 l ' z1 l' z l' z z
Pd ( x 2''2 ( + − ) + x1''2 ( + 2 ) + x1'' x 2'' ( − 1 + 2 )) Eqn. 41
3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Segment III
Figure x.y: Geometry of segment III

( p1 +  2 L3 ) − p − 2 2 L3
m2 = =
0 − L2 / 2 L2
− 2 2 L3
b2 = ( p1 −  2 L3 − ( )(0) = p1 −  2 L3
L2
2r2 
( M yf + M ys1 ) * = r2 M yf (1 + i3 )
2
42

2018

((m2 x + b2 ) − r 2 − x 2 ) 2
L2 / 2
I 2 = 2 Pd 
0
2
dx
L2 / 2
I 2 = Pd 
0
(m2 x + b2 ) 2 − 2(m2 x + b2 ) r 2 − x 2 + (r 2 + x 2 )dx
Integrating the above expression

2
I 2 = 2Pd ( 6m1 2 (( m22L2 + b2 ) 3 − b13 ) + m31 ((r2 − L42 ) (3 / 2) − r2 ) − 12 ( L42 r2 − L42 + r22 sin −1 ( 2Lr22 )) + r2 2L2 + 24
2 2 2 3
2 3 2 L2
)
r2 M yf (1 + i3 ) = I 2 Eqn. 42
Segment IV
Same as segment IV of trapezoidal type I, with  3 = 0.5
( L2 − L1 ) 2
l' = ( ) + L23
2
2 L3 ( L1 )
y1 =
( L2 − L1 )
(1 −  3 ) L2
x1' = ( L3 + y1 −  2 L3 )
L3 + y1
(1 − 1 / 2) L2
x2; = ( 1 L3 + y1 )
L3 + y1
2 L3
 = tan −1 ( )
L2 − L1
x1'' = x1' sin(  )
x 2'' = x 2' sin(  )
L1' = ((1 − 1 / 2) L2 ) 2 + ( 2 L3 ) 2
L'2 = ( L1 / 2) 2 + (1 L3 ) 2
Z 1 = L1'2 − x1''2
Z 2 = L'22 − x 2''2
43

2018
L2 − L1
M xf * L3 + M yf * ( ) + M xs 2 * l ' Eqn. 5
2
Moment from load
z1 1 x '' − x 2'' x '' 1
Pd ( x1''2 ( ) + ( x1'' − x 2'' )(l ' − z1 − z 2 )( x 2'' + 1 ) + x 2'' (l ' − z1 − z 2 ) 2 + z 2 x '2'2 ) Eqn. 6
6 2 3 2 6
Excel solution to above equations:
Geometry Moment Load
L1 L2 L3 r r2 Mxf Myf 20
PARAMETERS
2.6 5.12 6.07 6.4 12.6 9.000386 18.56693

β1 β2 β3 L' OK i1 i2 i3 i4
0.55742 0.078999 0.5 6.199395 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
β1(l3) β2(l3) β3(l2) y1(II) y1(Iv) Mys1 Mys2 Mxs1 Mx2
3.38354 0.479524 2.56 6.262698 6.262698 27.8504 27.8504 13.50058 13.50058
SEGMENT Iv SEGMENT II SEGMENT I,III
m1 b1 p β I1' I1'' I1''' I1'''

-2.60272 9.65354 6.27 23.0000 41.8235 13.9293 -79.7617 26.9902
S49 m2 b2 p1 I2' I2'' I2''' I2'''
0.187314 11.860 12.340 187.4367 -7.6534 -379.923 206.009
x1' x2' ∅(rad) x1'' x2'' Segment I Segment II
2.460461 2.002349 1.366125 2.409106 1.9606 INTERNAL 119.2519 INTERNAL 161.7221
2.604524 3.624685 0.989824 3.049 6.199395 ∆ 7.85E-06 ∆ 1.46E-05
x1' x2' ∅(rad) x1'' x2'' Segment III Segment Iv
2.604524 3.624685 0.989824 3.049 6.199395 ∆ 0.000151 ∆ 1.46E-05
Figure x.y: Excel solver solution to the above equation

Curved Trapezoidal panel, Type II
Figure x.y: Curved trapezoidal type II with yield line pattern

44

2018
Segment I,II and IV are the same as trapezoidal panel type I.

Segment III is the same as curved trapezoid type I.
L1 L2 L3 r2 Mxf Myf 20 COEFFICIENT
PARAMETERS
5.8 6.51 5.04 45 13.01021 29.598 βtop 2.355764

β1 β2 β3 l' NOT OK i1 i2 i3 i4 βbottom 0.222428
0.934827 0.066199 0.5 5.052487 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 β RHS 2.14703
β1(l3) β2(l3) β3(l2) y1(II) y1(Iv) Mys1 Mys2 Mxs1 Mx2 β LHS 3.231863
4.711529 0.333642 3.255 41.17183 41.17183 44.397 44.397 19.51532 19.51532
SEGMENT Iv SEGMENT II SEGMENT I,III
Top Pd*β1(l3) 94.23057

β 8 Bottom Pd*β2(l3) 6.672834
S53 m2 b2 p1 I2' I2'' I2''' I2''' Pd*x1'' 64.47026
RHS
0.102501 44.546 44.880 3253.824 -24.4031 -6519.23 3301.435 Pd*x2'' 64.47752
x1' x2' ∅(rad) x1'' x2'' Segment I Segment II Pd*x1'' 64.47026
LHS
3.272055 5.532495 0.561521 4.496 5.052487 ∆ 6.13E-06 ∆ -2.2E-07
x1' x2' ∅(rad) x1'' x2'' Segment III Segment Iv
3.272055 5.532495 0.561521 4.496 5.052487 ∆ 1.26E-09 ∆ -2.2E-07
Figure x.y Excel spreadsheet solution of circular Trapezoidal Panel Type II

Irregular Type III
Figure x.y: Irregular Type III, with proposed yield line pattern
45

2018
Segment I
Figure x.y: segment I geometry

− v2
m1 =
 4 L1
h1v2
b1 = v1 + v2 +
 4 L1
46

2018

Yield Line PDF

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Yield Line PDF

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Structural Analysis and Design of a 2B+G+M+15 office Building

Figure x.y: Trapezoidal panel type 1

Figure x.y: Proposed yield line pattern and regions

Unity University Senior Essay

Figure x.y: Designation of field and support moment

Figure x.y: Segment 1

Unity University Senior Essay

Figure x.y: Geometric parameters of segment II

The relationship between different parameters is discussed here under

Unity University Senior Essay

x1'' = x1' sin(  )

Figure x.y: Segment III with geometric parameters

Unity University Senior Essay

Figure x.y: Designation of geometric parameters for segment IV

Unity University Senior Essay

x 2'' = x 2' sin(  )

4.17 4.91 4.99 Check 8.105236 6.622642 βtop 1.114336

Figure x.y: Excel spreadsheet solution for the equilibrium equation.

Unity University Senior Essay

Trapezoidal panel type 1, yield line pattern 2

Figure x.y: yield line pattern type 2

Figure x.y: segment I geometry

Unity University Senior Essay

Figure x.y: geometric parameters of segment II

Unity University Senior Essay

Figure x.y: Geometry of segment III

Figure x.y: geometry of segment IV

Unity University Senior Essay

x1'' = x1' sin( 90 −  )

Figure x.y: Trapezoidal panel Type 2, yield line pattern 1

Figure x.y: Global x-y direction and moment on panel

Unity University Senior Essay

Figure x.y: Segment 1

Figure x.y: Geometric parameters of segment II

Unity University Senior Essay

Figure x.y: Segment III with geometric parameters

Unity University Senior Essay

Figure x.y: Designation of geometric parameters for segment IV

Unity University Senior Essay

Panel SEGMENT one side slanted

Figure x.y: yield line pattern 2, trapezoidal panel type II

Taking moment about axis 1-1

Unity University Senior Essay

Taking moment about axis 2-2

Taking moment about axis 3-3

Unity University Senior Essay

Figure x.y: geometric parameters of segment IV

Unity University Senior Essay

4.17 4.91 4.99 Check 7.292285 11.61907 βtop

EXTERNAL 121.1288 EXTERNAL 90.97123 Pd*(l3-β3(l3)) 36.40656

Figure x.y: yield line pattern 2 excel spreadsheet solution

Unity University Senior Essay

Triangular panel type I, Right angle triangle

Figure x.y: Triangular panel type I

Figure x.y: proposed yield line pattern

Unity University Senior Essay

Figure x.y: Segment I geometric parameters

Figure x.y: segment II geometric parameters

Unity University Senior Essay

Figure x.y: geometric parameters of segment III

Unity University Senior Essay

Solving the equations 16 to 18 the following result is found

5 3.93 Check 3.665859 1.336 RHS Pd*xl" 33.1626