Transmission Line Fault Monitoring and Identification System by

Using Internet of Things

INTRODUCTION

The fault location detection has been a goal of power system engineers, since the
creation of distribution and transmission systems. Quick fault detection can help
protect the equipment by allowing the disconnection of faulted lines before any
significant damage of the equipment. The accurate fault location can help utility
personnel remove persistent of the faults and locate the areas where the faults
regularly occur, thus reducing the occurrence of fault and minimize the time of
power outages. As a result, while the fault location detection schemes have been
developed in the past, a variety of algorithms continue to be developed to perform
this task more accurately and more effectively. The detection and location of faults
on power transmission lines is essential to the protection and maintenance of a
power system. Most methods of fault detection and location relate to the
measurements of electrical quantities provided by current and voltage
transformers. These transformers can be expensive and require physical contact
with the monitored high voltage equipment.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

MAIN LINE
MAIN LINE
AC line

RELAY

HALL
POWER EFFECT
SUPPLY SENSOR
Arduino
uno POTENTIAL
RECTIFIRE TRANSFER
MER
WI FI
MODULE

TEMPARATURE
SENSOR

16*2 displa
SENSOR WORKING

HALL EFFECT SENSOR :(current sensor ) This sensor interface with analog
input pin of arduino ,it receive change in current depend on consumer load ,and it
display to the LCD with unit of the current

POTENTIAL TRANSFERMER :used for scale down the voltage from 230v and
it feed to arduino analog pin to calculate the fluctuation of the voltage and display
to the LCD display ,

Arduino:
Arduino/Genuino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P .
It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with
a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.. You can tinker with your UNO
without worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case scenario you
can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again.

LCD
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a
wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very
commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over
seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are
economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even
custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on. The command
register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an
instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its
screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores
the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to
be displayed on the LCD. Click to learn more about internal structure of a LCD.

Current sensing unit(Hall effect sensor):

Current measurement is of vital importance in many power and
instrumentation systems. Traditionally, current sensing was primarily for circuit
protection and control. However, with the advancement in technology, current
sensing has emerged as a method to monitor and enhance performance.

Power supply circuit

Power supply is a reference to a source of electrical power. A
device or system that supplies electrical or other types of energy to an
output load or group of loads is called a power supply unit or PSU. In
this project, a +5 V DC regulated power supply is derived from the
power supply unit designed and implemented. The Figure shows the
circuit diagram designed to get the +5 V DC regulated power supply
for the project. A full-wave rectifier is a device that has two or more
diodes arranged so that load current flows in the same direction during
each half cycle of the ac supply.
Reference

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