Environmental Engineering-1

DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

Submitted To: Engr. M. Akhtar

Submitted By: Jahangir Imtiaz (078)
M Arif Dilshad Murtaza
Mubashir Aftab
Section:D
Civil Engineering Department The University Of Lahor e
 Environmental Engineering-1

DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

Submitted To: Engr. M. Akhtar

Submitted By: Jahangir Imtiaz (078)
Section: D

Civil Engineering Department The University Of Lahor e

MAIN PURPOSE:
The purpose of this project is to design the “Water Distribution Scheme”
for a society which includes the Diameter of pipes, Lengths of Pipes, Pressure in
pipes, Turbine Motor, Storage Tank and Strainer length.
Water Supply Design
EXPLANATION:
We are provided with a map of a society, in which Pipes are to be laid by
using EPANET software. It is a modern society containing flats, apartments, plots,
school and parks along with the treatment and disposal sites. Knowing the
importance of the water in the life, and its wide use in the human societies, during
the preparation of this report, I have collected the data from the class notes provided,
design data, and from the internet. I also discussed some confusing points with my
class fellow in order to get the better idea about the design procedure. Water Supply
Design
This report gives a detailed description about how to establish a water distribution
system for a community. I have taken all precautionary measures to make sure that
there is no major problem in my system and it will smoothly run throughout its useful
life.
Output is attached with this report showing all the necessary data required for
designing process. All the pressures are greater than 14m. The Project designed
shows that it is an economical project as all the diameters of the pipes are 90mm,
125mm, 180mm and 250mm pipes of diameter which are located near the Overhead
tank.
So this economical project of Water Distribution Scheme is successfully completed
and all the results are attached at the end of the report.
W
Water:
Water is a chemical substance that is composed of hydrogen and oxygen and is
vital for all known forms of life.
Water Supply Design
REQUIREMENTS OF DRINKABLE WATER
It is almost impossible to find a source of water that will meet basic requirements
for a public water supply without requiring some form of treatment. In general, the
requirements for a public water supply may be considered as follows:
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1. That it shall contain no disease-producing organisms.
2. That it be colorless and clear.
3. That it be good-tasting, free from odors and preferably cool.
4. That it be non-corrosive.
5. That it be free from objectionable gases, such as hydrogen sulfide, and
objectionable staining minerals, such as iron and manganese.
6. That it be plentiful and low in cost.
WATER CONSUMPTION:
It is the amount of water consumed by a community in one day. Water consumption
is expressed as Liters/Capita/Day Supply Design
Per Capita Water Consumption: Commented [JI1]:

It is that amount of water in Liters/day which a person uses daily on average. Its
average value is 150-600 lpcd.

Average Daily Consumption:

It is the average amount of water used by a person/ Community in one day divided
by the number of people served. Water Supply Design
Average Daily consumption (lpcd) = total water used in one year/(365 or 366 x
midyear population)
Avg. Daily consumption = Avg. daily Consumption x population.
Maximum Daily consumption:
It is the maximum water consumption during any one day in the year. It is about
150 to 180 % of the avg. daily consumption.
Maximum Daily consumption = 1.5 x Avg. Daily

Peak Hourly Consumption:

It is the peak consumption during any one hour of the years excluding the fire
demand. The peak hourly consumption can be between 150 to 400 percent of the
average hourly consumption during a peak day. It is around 150% of the maximum
daily consumption. Water Supply Design
Peak Hourly demand = 1.5 x Max. Daily Demand = 2.25 x Avg. Daily Demand.
The different ratios that are widely used by used by Water and Sanitation Authority
Lahore are
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Average Daily Consumption : Maximum Daily Consumption

1 : 1.5

Average Daily Consumption : Peak Hourly Consumption

1 : 2.25

Maximum Daily Consumption : Peak Hour Consumption

1 : 1.5

Factors Affecting Water Consumption

The various factors affecting the water consumption are given below

 Climate
 Standard of living
 Extent of sewerage
 Commercial or industrial activity
 Metering or cost of water
 Quality of water
 Availability of private sources
 Distribution system pressure
 Size of city
 Efficiency of the system
 Type of supply (continuous or intermittent)
 Level of service (Stand Post, Yard Connection, Full Plumbing)

PIPES AND THEIR TYPES

Pipes are mainly differentiated on the basis of their material of construction.
Different types of water supply pipes are available in the market. While selecting a
particular type of pipe, following points must be considered. Water Supply Design
 Carrying Capacity

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 Durability
 Purchasing Cost
 Maintenance Cost
 Type of water to be conveyed (Corrosive / Normal)
Following are some major types of pipes commonly used in water supply system

 Cast Iron Pipes

 Steel Pipes
 Asbestos Cement Pipes
 PVC Pipes
 Galvanized Iron Pipes
All the above described pipes have their own merits and demerits. A brief Review
of the pipes is given below. Water Supply Design

Cast Iron Pipes

Cast iron pipe when used in water mains is selected on the basis of maximum
working pressures and laying conditions. Pipe is available for working pressures as
high as 350 Psi. The pipe is subject to corrosion from water; however the initial rate
of corrosion is not as great as that of steel. After a few years of exposure, the
corrosion rate is little different from that of steel

 Average service life is about 100 years

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 No longer manufactured, deteriorates in some soils, reduction in capacity due to
tuberculation
 Large Distribution Systems, And old Systems
 Most widely used for city water supply
 Corrosion may reduce the capacity by 70%.
 Must be lined with cement or bitumen

Ductile Pipes

 Similar to cast iron pipe except with increased ductility.

 Ductile iron is produced by adding a controlled amount of Mg in its molten iron
of low Sulphur and Phosphorus content.
Water Supply Design
Asbestos Cement Pipe

Asbestos cement pipe was widely installed in water distribution system in early ages.
They are available generally in 100mm-600mm diameter. It was used for a long time
as non-corrosive and economical alternative to cast iron. When it was found that a
fatal lung disease often resulted from breathing airborne asbestos fibers, severe
restrictions were mandated for working with asbestos. Although asbestos cement
pipe rarely is installed today, thousands of miles of it remain in water. Water Supply
Design
Systems throughout the country. Water Supply Design
 Average life is about 30years
 Immune to action of salts, acids, soil, corrosion
 Less cost of laying and jointing
 Less pumping cost due to less friction
 Brittle, no longer manufactured
 It was used for a long time as non-corrosive and economical alternative to cast
iron

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Steel Pipes

Steel is used for water mains because of its high tensile strength, it is particularly
advantageous where the distribution system may be subjected to impact pressures
from railroad tracks, highways, industrial machinery and such or in areas where the
danger of earthquake is great.
The primary disadvantage of using steel pipes is high installation costs. Water
Supply Design
 Average life is about 25-50 years
 Contains less carbon than Cast Iron pipes
 Frequently used in trunk mains
 Difficult to make connection, hence seldom used for water distribution
 Much stronger, cheaper and lighter than Cast Iron
 Cannot withstand vacuum and hence collapse
 More susceptible to corrosion, high maintenance cost. W
Design
Reinforced Concrete Pipes

Reinforced concrete pipes are not normally used in the distribution system. However
it is used on long conduits and aqueducts, because it is used primarily for transferring
large quantities of water. Water Supply Design
 Average life is about 75 mm.
 It is generally only available in sizes of 400mm and above.

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 Manufactured at or near site and not subjected to corrosion.

Plastic Pipes (PVC)

Plastic pipe is particularly useful in areas where severe corrosion problems are a
possibility Polyvinyl Chloride pipe is not subject to corrosion or builds up from
corrosion by products. It is also advantageous in areas subject to earthquake shocks
or where the live loading, shifting or movement of the earth is anticipated. Water
Supply Design
 Life time is about 25 years
 Inexpensive, easy to install, small pumping cost
 Gasoline from soil can pass into pipe. Not available in larger size.
 Only available up to 350mm diameter and mainly used for domestic purposes
 Weak to sustain load and piling

Galvanized iron Pipes

 Produced by dipping Cast Iron pipe in molten Zinc.

 Mainly used for plumbing.
 High durability, weld consistency and superior finish
 Great resistance to corrosion
 Responsive to rigorous fabrication
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 Increased bend ability with Diameter of Pipes:
Design Period
It is the number of years in future for which the proposed facility would meet the
demand of the community. Selection of an appropriate design period for a
particular facility / component of water supply system is very important and
dependent upon following factors. Water Supply Design
 Length or life of structure
 Ease of extension
 First cost
 Rate of interest (design period is shorter)
 Economy of scale
 Lead time
Keeping in view these points the design period of our water supply system is

 For reservoir, the design period is 25-50 years (in our design it for 20years).
 For tube well, design period is 5-years (easy to install).
 For distribution system design period is 25-years (difficult to replace) Water
Supply Design
Adequate design period in water supply system is provided because

 Too frequent extension in water supply system is not possible

 Reasonable economics of scale are achieved Water
Supply Design
WATER DISTRIBUTION DESIGN DATA

No of 5 Marla Plots = 1403

25 Canal Office= 1

20 Canal Park=1

Design period = 30 years

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 POPULATION FORECAST

Present (2018)

Persons/plot 6

Persons/32 Marla
plot 120

Persons/ 1 Canal
Park 70

Design Population

Residential……….8418

Commercial………2344

Reserved Area…....1400

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 LAYOUT OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SCHEME

Civil Engineering Department The University Of Lahor e

 POPULATION FORECASTING

Present Population Pp= 1) 1403×6+2344+20×70 = 12162

Annual Growth Rate = 5.2% (For Pakistan, 2017 report)

Design Population Pd

1) Pd = Pp x (1+5.2/100)30
Pd = 3767x(1+5.2/100)30 = 55652

Per capita water consumption = 350 lpcd

Average Design flow =55652 x 350 = 19478200 Lit/day

= 225.44 Lit/Sec

Maximum Design flow=225.44 x 1.5=338.16 Lit/Sec

Fire Demand flow=Q 1020 √P(1-0.01 √P)=7041.576 gal/min

=444.25 Lit/Sec

Peak Hour Design flow=338.16 x 1.5=507.24 Lit/Sec

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 Design flow=MDF+FD=338.16+444.25=782.41 Lit/Sec

Design Of Tube Wells

A) Motor Capacity:
Q=27.6305 cusec
W=Water density=62.4 lb/cubic ft.
H=Pump head, 200ft
M=Motor efficiency, 90%
N=Pump efficiency, 80%
1.2=Motor overload factor

WxQxH 62.4 x 27.63 x 200 x100 x 100

Motor Horsepower= = 𝑥 1.2
M x N x 550 90 x 80 x 550

=1044.91 HP
Say 1050 HP motor
B) Straineer Characteristics:
Q
L=22 𝑥 1.2=
xdxvxa
7

Where,
L= Length of screen, ft
Q=Capacity of well
D=Diameter of screen, 10 inches
V=Enterence Velocity, 0.06 ft./sec
A=Percent Open Area, 10%
1.2=Factor of safety against blockage
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 27.63 x 12 x 100
L=22 𝑥 1.2
x 10 x 0.06 x 10
7

=2109.92 ft.=2.109 m
L=2.1 m
A strainer of diameter 10” and 2.1 m long is recommended

C) Diameter of Overhead Water Tank

Waste Wtaer Depth=20 m
Q=0.78241 m3/sec=67600.224 m3/day
T=8hr. =8/24
V=Q x T
V=67600.224 x 8/24
=22533.208 m3
Surface Overflow Tank= Q/As
20=67600.224/As As=67600.224/20
As=3380.0112 m2
3380.0112 x 4
d=√
π

=65.6 m
Say Diameter of the tank 66 m.
`

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 EPA.NET

Civil Engineering Department The University Of Lahor e

 EPA.NET RESULTS

Civil Engineering Department The University Of Lahor e

COMMENTS:
 The Design of Water Distribution Scheme has been completed successfully
and some of the values have been taken from the literature and EPA.NET is
also successfully run which tells us over design is correct.
 The Maximum diameter pipes have been provided at the Tank as there will
be more pressure.
 The design is economical also as the diameters of the pipes are those which
are available in the market (90mm,125mm,180mm and 250mm).
 Motor Power is1050 HP
 A strainer of diameter 10” and 2.1 m long is recommended
 Diameter of the tank is 66 m.

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