NUTRITION IN PLANTS

SHORT ANSWER (TYPE 1).

Q. Differentiate between (i) autotrophes and heterotrophes and (ii) heterotrophs and
saprotrophs.

Ans.

AUTOTROPHES HETEROTROPHES

1. The plants(AUTOTROPHS) are capable of 1. The heterotrophs are not capable of

synthesizing their own food for their synthesizing their own food for their
nourishment. nourishment
2. These include green plants and contain 2. These include fungi, and do not contain
chlorophyll. chloroplasts in their cells.

HETEROTROPHES SAPROTROPHES

1. Heterotrophs are the organisms that
depend on plants or other
organisms for their food.
2. These include fungi, and do not contain
chloroplasts in their cells.
1.Saprotrophs are the organisms that
obtain their nutrition from dead and
decaying organic matter.
2. Saprotrophs secrete digestive juices
onto dead and decaying matter to
dissolve it and then absorb nutrients
from it.

Q. Give the functions of (i) stomata (ii) chlorophyll.

Ans. The main functions of stomata are:

1. First is the intake of carbon dioxide during day time for the process of
photosynthesis while the giving out of oxygen.
2. Second is the taking out of water i.e transpiration. Just like sweating in humans,
transpiration takes place in plants. Water leaves the plant body when it is in excess
amount.
The main functions of Chlorophyll are;
1. Chlorophyll is vital for photosynthesis as it helps to channel the energy of sunlight into
chemical energy.
2. It gives green colour to the plants.
Q. What is symbiotic relationship? Explain with the help of an example.

Ans. Symbiotic relationship is the relationship between the two species in which both are
benefited.
Example; Rhizobium is a bacteria found in the roots of a leguminous plant. Rhizobium
converts the atmospheric nitrogen into a soluble form which can be used by plants to
make proteins. In return the plants provide Rhizobium food and shelter.

Q. Give a brief description of the process of photosynthesis of food in plants. Give

an equation to explain the process.
Ans. Photosynthesis is defined as the process in which the chlorophyll-containing plant
cells synthesise food in the form of carbohydrates, using carbon dioxide and water in
the presence of solar energy.

The equation of photosynthesis can be illustrated as;

6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Q. Draw a neat and labeled diagram of structure of stomata.

Ans.
 SHORT ANSWER (TYPE 2).

Q. Sweet potato and potato are both underground parts that store starch. How has this starch
been made in them? Explain.

Ans.