CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Writing often involves integrating information from published sources into your own writing
in order to add credibility and authority–this process is essential to research and the production
of new knowledge.

However, when building on the work of others, you need to be careful not to plagiarize: “to
steal and pass off (the ideas and words of another) as one’s own” or to “present as new and
original an idea or product derived from an existing source.”

If you use an author’s specific word or words, you must place those words within quotation
marks and you must credit the source.

Even if you use your own words, if you obtained the information or ideas you are presenting
from a source, you must document the source.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1. How to Paraphrase?
2. How to Summarize?
3. what are the differences between quote, paraphrase and summarize
4. How to use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries?
5. How to use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries?

1.3 Writing Purpose

1. To know how to paraphrase

2. To know how to Summarize
3. To know what are the differences between quote, paraphrase and summarize
4. To know how to use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries
5. To know How to use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries

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 CHAPTER II

THEORY AND DISCUSSION

This handout is intended to help you become more comfortable with the uses of and
distinctions among quotations, paraphrases, and summaries. This handout compares and
contrasts the three terms, gives some pointers, and includes a short excerpt that you can use to
practice these skills.

2.1 Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing is borrowing the idea of another writer but putting it in your own words. It
is usually similar in length to the original passage. Even when another writer's idea is stated in
your own words, it is still important to indicate where the information originally came from.

Methods of Paraphrasing

 Look away from the source then write.

Read the text you want to paraphrase several times until you feel that you understand it
and can use your own words to restate it to someone else. Then, look away from the
original and rewrite the text in your own words.
 Take notes.
Take abbreviated notes; set the notes aside; then paraphrase from the notes a day or so
later, or when you draft.

Example :

Original:

From the 2012 book Happier at Home by Gretchen Rubin, page 21

"Within the larger subject of happiness, the proper relationship of possessions to happiness is
hotly debated. People often argue that possessions don't—or shouldn't—matter much to
happiness, but I think they do."

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 Paraphrase - MLA Style: In her book Happier at Home, Gretchen Rubin argues that
though some people claim that possessions do not affect happiness, she believes that possessions
do influence our happiness or lack thereof (21).

Paraphrase - APA Style: In her book Happier at Home (2012), Gretchen Rubin argues
that though some people claim that possessions do not affect happiness, she believes that
possessions do influence our happiness or lack thereof (p. 21).

2.2 Summarizing

A summary is similar to a paraphrase in that it also uses the writer's own words, but is
much shorter than the original work as it only includes its main idea and major details.

Original: The entire book: Happier at Home by Gretchen Rubin.

Summary - MLA Style: In her book Happier at Home, Gretchen Rubin continues the
quest for increased happiness that she began in her first book. She spent September through May
researching how she could gain more happiness in her home life, focusing on areas such as
parenthood, marriage, neighbors, work life, and possessions. Rubin hopes that her journey will
encourage others to make differences that add to their happiness.

The summary has an attributive phrase similar to the quotations and paraphrases above;
however, it does not have a page number since the entire book was covered.

If the summary were in APA, however, it would have an in-text citation including the
date of publication.

For example: Summary - APA Style: In her book Happier at Home (2012), Gretchen
Rubin continues the quest for increased happiness that she began in her first book. She spent
September through May researching how she could gain more happiness in her home life,
focusing on areas such as parenthood, marriage, neighbors, work life, and possessions. Rubin
hopes that her journey will encourage others to make differences that add to their happiness.

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2.3 What are the differences between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing?

These three ways of incorporating other writers' work into your own writing differ
according to the closeness of your writing to the source writing.

Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They
must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author.

Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A
paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter
than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it
slightly.

Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the
main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source.
Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source
material.

2.4 Why use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries?

Quotations, paraphrases, and summaries serve many purposes. You might use them to:

 Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing

 Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing
 Give examples of several points of view on a subject
 Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with
 Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original
 Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are
not your own
 Expand the breadth or depth of your writing

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 Writers frequently intertwine summaries, paraphrases, and quotations. As part of a summary
of an article, a chapter, or a book, a writer might include paraphrases of various key points
blended with quotations of striking or suggestive phrases as in the following.

2.5 How to use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries

Practice summarizing the essay found here, using paraphrases and quotations as you go. It
might be helpful to follow these steps:

1. Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas.
2. Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is.
3. Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay.
4. Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly.

There are several ways to integrate quotations into your text. Often, a short quotation works
well when integrated into a sentence. Longer quotations can stand alone. Remember that quoting
should be done only sparingly; be sure that you have a good reason to include a direct quotation
when you decide to do so. You'll find guidelines for citing sources and punctuating citations at
our documentation guide pages.

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION

Paraphrasing is borrowing the idea of another writer but putting it in your own words. It
is usually similar in length to the original passage. Even when another writer's idea is stated
in your own words, it is still important to indicate where the information originally came
from.

A summary is similar to a paraphrase in that it also uses the writer's own words, but is
much shorter than the original work as it only includes its main idea and major details.

B. SUGGESTION

Similarly, we can describe the material that is the subject of this paper, of course there are
still many weaknesses. Author much hope dear readers, providing constructive criticism and
suggestions for the perfect paper to the author in the writing of the paper in the next
opportunities.

Hopefully this paper is useful for writers in particular are also dear readers in general.
Such review this time, may be useful for you and also inspire.

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 REFERENCES

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/using_research/quoting_paraphrasing_and
_summrizing/index.html

https://www.mesacc.edu/~paoih30491/ArgumentsQuoteSummarizeParaphr.html

http://www.nelson.com/highered/common/english/Harbrace/sources.html

https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/using-sources/paraphrase/