19 Forum IAS Prelims 2019-@Pdf4Exams

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PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS
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A
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GENERAL STUDIES
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Q.1) ‘Third Pole’, recently in news is a Q.3) With reference to the land revenue
nickname for: system under British India, consider the
a) A desert plateau in South America following statements:
covering a 1000-km strip of land on the 1. In Ryotwari system, ownership rights
Pacific coast, west of the Andes were given to the actual tillers whereas in
mountains. Mahalwari System, the ownership rights
b) The region encompassing the Himalaya- were vested in village headman.
Hindu Kush mountain ranges and the 2. Zamindari system contributed to the
Tibetan Plateau with the world’s third- growth of absentee landlordism.
largest store of ice. 3. Zamindars were strictly required to pay
c) Vostok Station, which is a Russian their revenues punctually to the
research station with the lowest reliably government, without any claim for
measured natural temperature on Earth remission and reduction.
of −89.2 °C. Which of the statements given above is/are
d) Sonoran Desert, which is the hottest correct?
desert in the North American continent a) 3 only
with air temperatures consistently rising b) 2 and 3 only
above 118°F (48°C). c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.2) The Sikhs were organised into 12 misls
or confederacies which operated in different Q.4) “We do not ask for favours. We want
parts of the province. In the context of these only justice. Instead of going into any further
misls, consider the following statements: divisions or details of our rights as British
1. All the members of misls had equal say in citizens the whole matter can be comprised
its affairs. in one word—Self-government or Swaraj like
2. Feudal chiefs and Zamindars worked that of the United Kingdom or the Colonies.’’
hard to maintain the democratic It was the first time when Swaraj was
character of misls. demanded from the congress platform.
3. Banda Singh Bahadur belonged to Identify the name of the speaker from the list
Sukerchakia misl. given below:
Which of the statements given above is/are a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
correct? b) Lala Lajpat Rai
a) 1 only c) Bipin Chandra Pal
b) 2 and 3 only d) Dadabhai Naoroji
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1 and 3 only


Q.5) Who is being referred in the statements Q.7) For which of the following initiatives,
given below? India won Commonwealth Association for
1. He rejected Western ideas and sought to Public Administration and Management
revive the ancient religion. Award, 2018?
2. He disregarded the authority of the later 1. Unnayan Banka
Hindu scriptures. 2. Janani suraksha yojana
3. He looked on the Vedas as India’s ‘Rock of 3. Unified Agriculture Markets

Ages’. 4. Kudumbashree model
Select the correct answer using the code Select the correct answer using the code
given below: given below:
a) Ramakrishna Paramhansa a) 1 and 3 only
b) Swami Vivekananda b) 1 and 2 only
c) Atmaram Pandurang c) 2 and 4 only
d) Swami Dayananda Saraswati d) 3 and 4 only
Q.6) Consider the following statements: Q.8) Which among the following were the
1. Mahadev Govind Ranade, was popularly reasons for tribal uprisings during British
known as the Socrates of Maharashtra. Government in India?
2. Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Atmiya 1. The colonial administration tried ending
Sabha in 1815 to propagate his views their relative isolation and bringing them
against Sati pratha. fully within the ambit of colonialism.
3. Debendra Nath Tagore’s campaign led to 2. Complete disruption of the old agrarian
the enactment of a law, legalising widow order of the tribal communities.
remarriage in India. 3. The new courts and legal system gave a
Which of the statements given above is/are fillip to their local rules and customary
correct? belief.
a) 1 only Which of the statements given above is/are
b) 1 and 2 only correct?
c) 2 and 3 only a) 1 only
d) None of the above b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3


Q.9) With reference to Mappila (Moplah) b) Sulawesi, an Indonesian island east of
revolt, Consider the following statements: Borneo
1. It was characterised by Hindu-Muslim c) Bangaram Coral Island of Territory of
unity. Lakshadweep
2. They were supported by Indian National d) Utila, one of the Bay Islands of Honduras,
Congress and Muslim League. in the Caribbean
3. It was non-violent in nature.
4. It merged with the Khilafat movement. Q.12) Which of the following was/were the
Which of the statements given above is/are demands of Tebhaga movement?
correct? 1. Ownership rights to peasants as they
a) 1, 2 and 4 only were the actual cultivators of the land.
b) 2, 3 and 4 only 2. The increase in share of bargardars
c) 2 and 4 only (sharecroppers) from one-half to two-
d) All of the above third.

3. Legislation for regulating the relationship
Q.10) Which of the following were the between the tenants and landlords.
attributes of the Indigo Revolt 1859-60? Select the correct answer using the code
1. It was directed against the exploitation of given below:
Indigo growing tenants in Bihar. a) 1 and 2 only
2. It was successful in wiping out the b) 2 only
cultivation of Indigo from India. c) 1 and 3 only
3. ‘Neel-Darpan' by Dinabandhu Mitra d) 1, 2 and 3

portrayed the plight of Indigo growers.
Select the correct answer using the code Q.13) Which of the following was/were not
given below: the results of land revenue and tenancy
a) 3 only policies of Cornwallis?
b) 1 and 2 only 1. Allegiance of zamindars to the British rule
c) 2 and 3 only 2. Efficiency in revenue collection
d) 1, 2 and 3 3. Increase in agricultural activities

Select the correct answer using the code
Q.11) The International Conference on given below:
Status and Protection of Coral Reefs a) 1 only

(STAPCOR – 2018), was held at: b) 2 and 3 only
a) New Caledonia Barrier Reef – New c) 1 and 2 only
Caledonia d) 3 only


Q.14) Which one of the following correctly Q.16) With reference to the treaty of
explains the ‘Policy of ring fence’, adopted by subsidiary alliance, consider the following
British East India Company? statements:
a) Policy of aligning with smaller princely 1. It forbade the Princely rulers from having
states surrounding powerful kingdoms. an independent armed force.
b) Policy of fortification of ports along the 2. Tipu Sultan of Mysore accepted the
coastline of India at strategically relevant alliance only after his defeat in fourth
and commercially viable locations. Anglo-Mysore war.
c) Foreign policy of establishing base 3. It was an extension of ring fence policy.
around French colonies. Which of the statements given above is/are
d) Defence policy of guarding the frontiers of correct?
neighbouring to safeguard their own a) 1 only

territories. b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
Q.15) Consider the following statements d) 2 only
regarding “Wholesale Banks”:
1. This idea was first floated by the

Q.17) Consider the following pairs:
Narasimham-II Committee, which was set
up for strengthening the financial Founder Association
institutions in India. 1. Brahmo Ram Mohan Roy

2. The committee identified two categories Samaj of India
within the wholesale banks, namely
2. Paramhans Atmaram
wholesale consumer banks and wholesale
Mandali Pandurang
investment banks.
Select the correct answer using the code 3. Servants of Gopal Krishna
given below: Indian Society Gokhale
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Which of the pairs given above is/are
c) Both 1 and 2 correctly matched?
a) 1 only
d) Neither 1 nor 2
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1, 2 and 3 only
d) 3 only


Q.18) Dalhousie dethroned the Nawab Wajid Q.20) Syed Ahmed Khan advised all Indians,
Ali Shah and exiled him to Calcutta. Which particularly educationally backward
of the following was the correct reason for his Muslims to remain aloof from politics
expulsion? because he believed that:
1. There prevailed a deep sense of 1. The British Government could not be
resentment among the people in his dispelled easily.
kingdom. 2. The British rule was necessary to change
2. He failed to pay for the maintenance of the social backwardness in India.
British armed contingent which was 3. It was not the right time for political
stationed in his kingdom as per action.
Subsidiary alliance. Which of the statements given above is/are
3. His Chiefs and Taluqdars accused the correct?
Nawab for being oblivious of state affairs. a) 2 only
Select the correct answer using the code b) 1 and 3 only
given below: c) 2 and 3 only
a) 2 only d) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 1, 2 and 3 Q.21) The Archaeological Survey of India
d) None of the above recently stated that the Kohinoor diamond
was “surrendered” to British and not
Q.19) During 18th century, on the debris of “handed over”. In this context, by which of
Mughal empire, arose large number of the following treaties India lost her
independent states. Which of the followings diamond?
were the essential characteristics of these a) Treaty of bassein
states? b) Treaty of Surat
1. Secular politics c) Treaty of Lahore
2. Decentralised political authority d) Treaty of Amritsar
3. Modern commercial structure
4. Improved condition of peasants Q.22) Who referred to Muslims in India as
Select the correct answer using the code “Loyal Muhammadans of India” to shield
given below: them against the charge of unfaithfulness?
a) 1 and 2 only a) Feroz Shah Mehta
b) 2 and 4 only b) B. R. Ambedkar
c) 2, 3 and 4 only c) Liyaqat Ali Khan
d) 1 and 3 only d) Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan


Q.23) Consider the following events: Q.25) Consider the following statements:
1. First Carnatic war 1. Wood’s Despatch of 1854 laid emphasis

on the development of primary and
2. Establishment of dual government in
secondary education but neglected the
Bengal
higher education in India.
3. Establishment of Supreme Court at
2. Charles Wood in his despatch favoured
Calcutta
Orientalist view for the medium of higher
4. First Anglo Maratha war education in India.
Select the correct chronological order of the Which of the statements given above is/are
events given above: correct?
a) 4 - 1 - 3 - 2 a) 1 only
b) 4 - 1 - 2 - 3 b) 2 only
c) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 c) Both 1 and 2
d) 1 - 4 - 2 - 3 d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.24) With reference to Pitt’s India Act, Q.26) Consider the following statements:
consider the following statements:
1. Mir Jafar entered in a conspiracy with
1. It introduced a dual system of control British for the defeat of Nawab Siraj-ud-
which lasted till 1858. daula in the Battle of Buxar.
2. It prohibited all aggressive wars and 2. Lord Wellesley followed a spirited

treaties aimed at conquest and extension ‘Forward policy’ for the expansion of
of dominion in India. company’s rule in South-India.
Which of the statements given above is/are Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? correct?
a) 1 only a) 1 only
b) 2 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2


Q.27) India and Bangladesh recently signed Q.29) Consider the following pairs:
Agreements for Enhancing Inland and Governor general Policy
Coastal Waterways Connectivity. Which of
1. William Bentinck Ring Fence
the following statements are correct in this
policy
context?
2. Warren Hasting Subsidiary
1. The new arrangement will facilitate
Alliance
movement of fly ash, cement and
construction material from Jharkhand to 3. Cornwallis Permanent
Bangladesh through Rupnarayan river. Settlement
2. Agreement is also signed for development

of Jogighopa as a trans-shipment Which of the pairs given above is/are
terminal for movement of cargo. correctly matched?
3. Chilmari was agreed to as a port of call in a) 1 and 3 only
Bangladesh. b) 1 and 2 only
Select the correct answer using the code c) 3 only
given below:
d) 1, 2 and 3
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
Q.30) Consider the following statements:
c) 1, 2 and 3
1. Although East India Company, during its
d) 3 only rule in India, belied its promises and
dishonoured the treaties time and again
Q.28) What was the main purpose of but it never attacked the customs, faith
General Service Enlistment Act 1856 passed and belief of the masses.
by Lord Canning? 2. Lord Dalhousie, under his Doctrine of
a) It barred the Indian officials from wearing Lapse policy, recognised the right of the
any religious symbol. adopted son to succeed to the personal
b) The age limit for Indians to appear in property of the chieftain.
Indian Covenant Services (ICS) was Which of the statements given above is/are
reduced from 21 years to 19 years. correct?
c) English and Latin were made compulsory a) 1 only
subjects for ICS and exams were decided b) 2 only
to be held in England. c) Both 1 and 2
d) It decreed the recruits of army to serve d) Neither 1 nor 2
anywhere.


Q.31) The end of ‘American war of 1. It is a citizen-science repository on
independence’ had which of the following migratory birds visiting India.
impacts on India?
2. It is developed by Scientists and
1. Boost to cotton exports on account of researchers from the National Centre for
increased demand for Indian cotton. Biological Sciences (NCBS) in Bangalore.
2. Victory of Tipu Sultan over British in the 3. The website provides an opportunity to
second Anglo-Mysore war. any person to upload geotagged
photographic observations with
information on habitat age of the
given below:
observed individual.
a) 1 only
Which of the statements given above is/are
b) 2 only
incorrect?
c) Both 1 and 2
a) 1 and 2 only
d) Neither 1 nor 2
b) 1 only
c) 2 only
Q.32) Which of the following were the factors
d) None of the above
that contributed to the shaping of Regulating
Act of 1773?
Q.34) Which of the following were the
1. Failure of the system of Dual Government
reasons for the defeat of Marathas in the
in Bengal.
third Battle of Panipat?
2. Corrupt administration during
1. Maratha forces were inferior in number to
Governorship of Robert Clive.
the forces under the command of Ahmad
3. Famine of 1769 in Bengal.
Shah Abdali.
2. Abdali could harness the support of
given below:
Muslim powers of Northern India but the
a) 1 and 3 only Marathas had to fight alone.
b) 1 and 2 only Select the correct answer using the code
c) 2 and 3 only given below:
d) 1, 2 and 3 a) 1 only
b) 2 only
Q.33) Consider the following statements c) Both 1 and 2
regarding MaOI Repository: d) Neither 1 nor 2


Q.35) With reference to the Revolt of 1857, Q.37) Which of the following were the causes
consider the following statements: of conflict between the Nawab Siraj-ud-
1. The tremors of this revolt was felt in daulah and East India Company?
almost every cantonment of Bengal, but it 1. Shelter to Krishnadas by British, in
remained totally elusive in the province of Calcutta.
Madras. 2. Expansion of Calcutta Fort by British
2. The only shared feeling among the rebels without the permission of Nawab.
was the hatred for foreign rule, they 3. British entered into secret treaties with
lacked political perspective and a definite Portuguese against the Nawab.
vision for future. Select the correct answer using the code
Which of the statements given above is/are given below:
correct? a) 1 and 2 only
a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only
b) 2 only c) 1 and 3 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) 1, 2 and 3
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.38) “If Dupleix had not been recalled and

Q.36) Which of following were the purposes allowed to continue in India for another two
of issuing Farman by Farrukh Siyar to East years, the rich heritage of Bengal would have
India Company? fallen to France instead of his rivals”. What
1. Grant permission to set up a factory in was the reason for his recall?
Bengal. a) He was charged with corruption charges
2. Give rights to carry on trade on payment that brought bankruptcy to French
of a fixed duty of Rs. 3000 per year. companies in India.
3. Confer special power to permit exemption b) The change in the constitution of French
of goods from being stopped or searched company caused suspicion about the
by the Nawab's officials. activities of Dupleix.
4. Grant permission to mint coins. c) He led France into the third Carnatic war
Select the correct answer using the code that ended up in a humiliation for
given below: Dupleix.
a) 1, 2 and 3 only d) His scheme for Carnatic dented heavily to
b) 2 and 3 only the interest of French company in India.
c) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1 and 4 only


Q.39) Which of the followings statements 1. He passed Bengal Sati Regulation which
regarding Biodiversity Atlas-India is banned the Sati practice in all
incorrect? jurisdictions of British India.
a) It is a natural history web-platform for 2. He repudiated ‘downward filtration

species-based bioinformatics. theory’ and advocated for mass
education.
b) Data is contributed to this platform only
by professional scientists. 3. He worked for the removal of humiliating
distinctions against Indians in
c) Mammals of India repository is a part of
recruitment to Public Service.
this Atlas.
d) None of the above Which of the statements given above is/are

correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
reasons for the failure of French Power in
India? c) 1 and 3 only
1. Short sighted and ill managed policies of d) 1, 2 and 3

Louis XV.
2. French East India Company favoured

Q.42) With reference to the role of Sayyid
policy of conquest over commerce. Brothers in later Mughal politics, consider
3. The lack of naval strength of the French the following statements:
as compared to that of the English.
1. They killed Muhammad Shah and placed
Select the correct answer using the code Farrukhsiyar on throne as their puppet.
given below;
2. They followed the policy of religious
a) 3 only tolerance.
b) 1 and 2 only 3. They established friendly relation with

Rajputs and Marathas.
c) 2 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/are
d) 1, 2 and 3
correct?
a) 1 only
Q.41) The arrival of Lord William Bentinck
b) 2 and 3 only
marked the beginning of a new era. In this
context, consider the following statements: c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3


Q.43) The Cabinet Committee on Economic c) Serve as bridge between the government
Affairs has given its approval for creation of and the people.
special Fisheries and Aquaculture d) Promote political, intellectual and
Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF). material advancement of the people.
Which of the following would be the nodal
loaning entity for the fund? Q.46) Which of the following were the
a) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural founding members of ‘Bombay Presidency
Development (NABARD) Association’?
b) National Cooperatives Development 1. Badruddin Tayabji
Corporation (NCDC) 2. Pherozeshah Mehta
c) All Scheduled Banks 3. M. G. Ranade
d) All of the above 4. Dadabhai Naoroji
5. K. T. Telang
Q.44) Consider the following pairs: Select the correct answer using the code
Journals Editor given below:
1. Mirat-ul-Akbar Rammohan Roy a) 1, 2 and 3 only
2. Amrita Bazar Rabindranath b) 3, 4 and 5 only
Patrika Tagore c) 1, 2 and 5 only
3. Indian Mirror Debendranath d) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
Tagore
Q.47) Which of the following were the major
Which of the above given pairs is/are factors for the rise of modern Indian
correctly matched? nationalism in the second half of the
a) 1 only nineteenth century?
b) 2 and 3 only 1. Administrative and economic unification
c) 3 only of the country
d) 1 and 3 only 2. Western thoughts and education

3. Cultural revival
Q.45) Which of the following was the 4. Press
principal objective of ‘Poona Sarvajanik 5. Racial arrogance of the rulers
Sabha’? Select the correct answer using the code
a) Create strong public opinion on political given below:
question. a) 1 and 2 only
b) Unify people in India in a common b) 1, 2 and 4 only
political programme. c) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only

d) All of the above


Q.48) Which of the following were the b) It is Sri Lanka’s initiative to develop a gas
common features of Pre-Congress block in the Mannar Basin off its
associations? northwest coast.
1. Dominated by Landlords c) It is a tripartite agreement of India, Sri
2. Followed Constitutional means of Lanka and the Maldives on maritime
Agitation security in the Indian Ocean region.
3. National characteristics d) It is a geostationary communications and
Select the correct answer using the code meteorology satellite operated by the
given below: ISRO for the South Asian Association for
a) 2 only Regional Cooperation region.
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

characteristics of peasant struggle in 19th
century?
1. Aimed at mainly occupancy rights of
peasants among other things.
2. Limited territorial reach.
3. Directed against foreign planters and
indigenous zamindars.
given below:
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.50) “BepiColombo”, recently in news, is

related to:
a) It is a joint mission of the European Space
Agency (ESA) and the Japan Aerospace
Exploration Agency (JAXA) to the planet
Mercury.

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PTS 2019|1| TEST 19 – Solutions | ForumIAS
Q.1)
Ans) b
Exp) The region covering the mighty Himalaya-Hindu Kush mountains and the
Tibetan plateau happens to be the third largest ice-covered region on the planet falling
behind the Arctic and the Antarctic regions. The Asian region, covered in ice and
house to several glaciers, is thus nicknamed as the Third Pole. And like the other
snow-covered regions on the planet, the glaciers in this region are not being spared by
climate change and global warming. They are shrinking.
Source) https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/northern-india-
contributes-to-shrinking-of-glaciers-in-third-pole-says-study-3001430/
Q.2)
Ans) a
Exp) Statement 1 is correct: Misls were originally based on the principle of equality,
with all members having equal voice in deciding the affairs of a Misl and in electing its
chief and other officers.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The democratic and plebeian character of Misls
disappeared gradually and powerful feudal chiefs and zamindars dominated them.
They were one of the reason behind the demise of democratic principles in the
functioning of Misls.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Sikhs confederacies or Misls did not exist during Banda
Singh Bahadur. It came into being only around second half of eighteenth century,
whereas Banda Bahadur was captured in 1715 and put to death. Maharaja Ranjit
Singh belonged to the period of Misls. He was the chief of the Sukerchakia Misl.
Source) NCERT- Class XII; Chap: India in Eighteenth Century.
Q.3)
Ans) b
Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect: In both the land revenue policy, Ryotwari System and
Mahalwari System, ownership rights were handed over to the Ryots (actual
cultivators).
Statement 2 is correct: Being sure of an income on a permanent basis, zamindars
left the villages leaving the revenue collection to different rent-seeking classes. Thus,
the Permanent Settlement System (also named as revenue-sale system) contributed to
the growth of absentee landlordism.
Statement 3 is correct: Land revenue was fixed at nine-tenth of the rent, which was
“fixed in perpetuity”. Zamindars were strictly required to pay their revenues
punctually to the government, without any claim for remission and reduction. In
ForumIAS Offline
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default, the estates of zamindars were liable to be auctioned to realise the revenue
dues. Hence the name “revenue-sale” system.
Source) http://www.historydiscussion.net/history-of-india/economic-history/top-3-
land-tenure-systems-during-the-british-rule-in-india/5977
Q.4)
Ans) d
Exp) Although Bal Gangadhar Tilak was the first to raise the slogan ‘Swaraj is my
birthright and I shall have it', the credit for demanding Swaraj from the Congress
platform for the first time goes to Dadabhai Naoroji. Delivering his Presidential
address at the Calcutta session of the Congress (1906) Naoroji said, “We do not ask for
favours. We want only justice. Instead of going into any further divisions or details of
our rights as British citizens the whole matter can be comprised in one word—Self-
government or Swaraj like that of the United Kingdom or the Colonies.’’
Q.5)
Ans) d
Exp) The Arya Samaj movement was an outcome of the reaction to Western
influences. The founder, Swami Dayananda Saraswati rejected Western ideas and
sought to revive the ancient religion of the Aryans. In 1875, he formally organised the
first Arya Samaj unit at Bombay. A few years later the headquarters of the Arya Samaj
were established at Lahore.
He looked on the Vedas as India’s ‘Rock of Ages’, the true original seed of Hinduism.
His motto was ‘Go back to the Vedas’. He gave his own interpretation of the Vedas.
He disregarded the authority of the later Hindu scriptures like the Puranas and
described them as the work of lesser men and responsible for the evil practices of idol
worship and other superstitious beliefs in Hindu religion. Dayanand condemned idol
worship and preached unity of Godhead. He decried untouchability and casteism as
not sanctioned by the Vedas. He advocated widow remarriage and a high status for
women in society. His views were published in his famous work Satyarth Prakash
(The True Exposition).
Source) NCERT: Theme in Indian History part III, Class: XII, Chap: RELIGIOUS AND
SOCIAL REFORMS.
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Q.6)
Ans) d
Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect: Gopal Krishna Gokhale (follower of Mahadev Govind
Ranade) was popularly known as the Socrates of Maharashtra.
Mahadev Govind Ranade (18 January 1842 - 16 January 1901) was an Indian scholar,
social reformer and author. He was a founding member of the Indian National
Congress party and owned several designations as member of the Bombay legislative
council, member of the finance committee at the centre, and judge of the Bombay High
Court.
Statement 2 is incorrect: In 1815, Ram Mohan Roy founded the Atmiya Sabha - an
association for the dissemination of the religious truth and the promotion of free
discussions of theological subjects, and not for propagating views against Sati Pratha.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s campaign led to the
enactment of a law, legalising widow remarriage in India.
He challenged the Brahminical authorities and proved that widow remarriage is
sanctioned by Vedic scriptures. He took his arguments to the British Authorities and
his pleas were heard when the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856 or Act XV, 1856,
was decreed on July 26, 1856. He did not just stop there. He initiated several matches
for child or adolescent widows within respectable families and even married his son
Narayan Chandra to an adolescent widow in 1870 to set an example.
SOCIAL REFORMS.
Q.7)
Ans) a
Exp) India’s Unnayan Banka and Unified Agriculture Markets initiatives have won
the Commonwealth Association for Public Administration and Management (CAPAM)
award.
The initiative entitled “Unnayan Banka- Reinventing Education Using Technology of
Banka District, State of Bihar has been awarded under the Category “Innovation
Incubation”. “Unnayan Banka” is an initiative which envisages “Quality education for
all’ especially for those at the bottom of the Pyramid, using latest technologies. It’s a
holistic model of overall development of youths from Education to Employability.
Another initiative entitled “Unified Agriculture Markets” of Cooperation Department of

Government of Karnataka has also been selected under the Category ‘Innovation in
Public Service Management’. This initiative has also been awarded the overall Gold
Award for CAPAM Awards, 2018.
Source) http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=184383
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Q.8)
Ans) b
Exp) Statement 1 is correct: British rule recognized the tribal chiefs as zamindars
and introduced a new system of land revenue and taxation of tribal products. It
encouraged the influx of Christian missionaries into the tribal areas. This exposed
them to colonial economy only to rob them financially. The large influx of people also
ended their relative isolation.
Above all, it introduced a large number of moneylenders, traders, revenue farmers as
middlemen among the tribals. These middlemen were the chief instruments for
bringing the tribal people within the vortex of the colonial economy and exploitation.
Statement 2 is correct: Colonialism also transformed their relationship with the
forest. They had depended on the forest for food, fuel and cattle feed. They practiced
shifting cultivation (jhum, podu, etc.), taking recourse to fresh forest lands when their
existing lands showed signs of exhaustion. The colonial government changed all this.
It usurped the forest lands and placed restrictions on access to forest products, forest
lands and village common lands. It refused to let cultivation shift to new areas.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The tribal communities were not made subject to new
courts and legal system. Tribal communities were still allowed to conduct themselves
according to their own customs and beliefs.
Source) Bipin Chandra: India’s Struggle for freedom; Chap: Civil Rebellions and Tribal
Uprisings.
Q.9)
Ans) c
Exp) Mappilas were the Muslim tenets inhabiting Malabar region where most of the
landlords were Hindus. Mappilas revolted against the oppression of Hindu landlords.
Thus, statement 1 is incorrect.
They received the support of local congress body for a legislation regulating tenant-
landlord relations. They also forged the support of Muslim league. Thus, statement 2
is correct.
There was large-scale violence which saw systematic persecution of Hindus and
British officials. Many homes and temples were destroyed. Therefore, it was a violent
movement. Thus, statement 3 is incorrect.
The Moplah Rebellion or the Malabar Rebellion was an extended version of the Khilafat
Movement in Kerala in 1921. The Government had declared the Congress and Khilafat
meetings illegal. So, a reaction in Kerala began against the crackdown of the British in
Eranad and Valluvanad taluks of
Malabar. Thus, statement 4 is correct.
Source) Spectrum: A brief History of Modern India; Chap: Peasant Movements.
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Q.10)
Ans) a
Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect: The Indigo revolt was a peasant movement and
subsequent uprising of indigo farmers against the indigo planters that arose in Bengal
(not Bihar) in 1859.
Indigo had a sound base in Bihar particularly in in Tirhut. In spite of discontent with
regard to Indigo planting, the Indigo revolt of 1959-60 was absent in Bihar due to non-
existence of middle class.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The government appointed an Indigo commission to
inquire into the problem of indigo cultivation. Based on the recommendations of the
commission, the Government issued notification that ryots could not be compelled to
grow indigo. Gradually, the cultivation of indigo shifted from Bengal to Bihar (was not
wiped out from India).
Statement 3 is correct: ‘Neel Darpan’ written by Dinabandhu Mitra depicted the
exploitation of Indigo growers by planters.
Q.11)
Ans) c
Exp) The International Conference on Status and Protection of Coral Reefs (STAPCOR
– 2018) with the theme “Reef for Life” was held by the Union Environment Ministry at
Bangaram coral Island of Territory of Lakshadweep.
Q.12)
Ans) b
Exp) The Tebhaga movement was significant peasant agitation, initiated in Bengal by
the Kisan Sabha (peasant front of the Communist Party of India) in 1946–47.
Tebhaga Movement was the sharecroppers' movement demanding two thirds of the
produce from land for themselves and one third for the landlords. Tebhaga
literally means 'three shares' of harvests. Traditionally, sharecroppers used to hold
their tenancy on fifty-fifty basis of the share of the produce. The sharecroppers were
commonly called bargadars, adhiars etc.
The demand for two-third share was proposed by Floud Commission.
There was no demand for ownership rights for the peasants, neither was there any
demand for legislative protection. There was already the Bengal Tenancy Act
regulating the relation between tenants and landlords.

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Q.13)
Ans) b
Exp) One thing that the land revenue policy of Cornwallis surely did, was the creation
of a new class of landlords which was loyal to the British rule. Evidentially, most of
the landlords remained aloof from the revolt against the colonial rule in 1857.
The estates of Zamindars were auctioned very often for the failure to pay rent to the
government. Growth of absentee landlordism further degraded the efficiency in land
revenue collection.
There was hardly any investment in land for the development of agriculture. The
peasants had no resource, Zamindars had no incentive and the government had no
intention. Thus, there was hardly any extension in agricultural activities.
Source) http://www.historydiscussion.net/history-of-india/economic-history/top-3-
land-tenure-systems-during-the-british-rule-in-india/5977
Q.14)
Ans) d
Exp) Ring Fence Policy (1765-1813): It was the policy of creating buffer states
around the Company’s territories. The idea was purely that of defence of the frontiers
of the Company. Broadly speaking, it was the policy of defence of their neighbours’
frontiers for safeguarding their own territories. The chief danger to the Company’s
territories was from the Afghan invaders and the Marathas. To safeguard against these
dangers, the Company undertook to organize the defence of the frontiers of Oudh on
the condition that the Nawab would defray the expenses of the defending army. The
defence of Oudh constituted the defence of Bengal at that time.
Source) B. L. Grower: A NEW LOOK ON MODERN INDIAN HISTORY, Chap:

Administrative reforms.
Q.15)
Ans) b
Exp) The idea of wholesale Banks in India was first floated by the RBI Committee for
Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low Income
Households in 2014.
The committee identified two categories within the wholesale banks, namely wholesale
consumer banks and wholesale investment banks. Both would differ from each other
in the nature of assets originated
While the former would originate retail loans, the latter would originate infrastructure
and/or corporate loans.
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Q.16)
Ans) b
Exp) Statement 1 is correct: According to the policy of subsidiary alliance, princely
rulers were not allowed to have an independent armed force. They were to be protected
by the East India Company, but had to pay for the 'subsidiary forces' that the
company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. If the Indian
rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as
penalty. For example, the ruler of Awadh was forced to give over half of his territory to
the company in 1801, as he failed to pay for the "subsidiary forces". Hyderabad was
also forced to cede territories on similar grounds.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to enter into such
an alliance. Tipu Sultan of Mysore refused to do so, but after the British victory in
the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Mysore was forced to become a subsidiary state (Tipu
Sultan died in Fourth Anglo-Mysore War). The Nawab of Awadh was the next to
accept the Subsidiary Alliance, in 1801. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the
Maratha ruler Baji Rao II also accepted a subsidiary alliance. several states like:
Hyderabad (1798 and 1800), Tanjore (1799), Awadh (1801), Bhonsle (1803), and
Indore (1817) adopted this system.
Statement 3 is correct: Wellesley’s policy of subsidiary alliance was an extension of
ring fence—which sought to reduce states to a position of dependence on British
Government in India.
Q.17)
Ans) d
Exp)
1. Brahmo Samaj of India was founded by Keshab Chandra Sen whereas Ram Mohan
Roy was the founder of Brahmo Samaj and Atmiya Samaj.
2. Paramhans Mandali was founded by Dadoba Pandurang whereas Atmaram
Pandurang was the founder of Prarthana Samaj.
3. Servants of Indian Society was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905.
SOCIAL REFORMS.
Q.18)
Ans) d
Exp) The Nawabs of Awadh had been obedient allies of British since the Battle of
Buxar. Moreover, The Nawab Wajid Ali Shah had many natural heirs and the Doctrine
of Lapse could not be applied. So Lord Dalhousie annexed the state in 1856 on the
charge of poor administration by Wajid Ali Shah and for refusing to introduce reforms.
ForumIAS Offline
But the real reason was the fact that Dalhousie saw Awadh as great potential
market for Manchester goods.
Source) NCERT: Theme in Indian History part III, Class: XII, Chap: Rebels and the
Raj.
Q.19)
Ans) a
Exp) During the eighteenth century, on the debris of the Mughal Empire and its
political system, rose a large number of independent and semi-independent powers
such as the Bengal, Awadh, Hyderabad, Mysore and Maratha kingdoms.
In general, there was in most of the state’s decentralization of political authority, with
chiefs, jagirdars and zamindars gaining in economic and political power. The politics
of these states were invariably non-communal or secular, the motivations of their
rulers being similar in economic and political terms. Thus, options 1 and 2 are
correct.
These rulers did not discriminate on religious grounds in public appointments, civil or
military; nor did the rebels against their authority pay much attention to the religion
of the rulers.
While these states prevented any breakdown of internal trade and even tried to
promote foreign trade, they did nothing to modernize the basic industrial and
commercial structure of their states. This largely explains their failure to consolidate
themselves or to ward off external attack.
Thus, option 3 is incorrect.
All of them remained basically rent-extracting states. The zamindars and jagirdars,
whose number and political strength constantly increased, continued to fight over the
income from agriculture, while the condition of the peasantry continued to deteriorate.
Thus, option 4 is incorrect.
Source) NCERT-Modern India, Class: XII, Chap: India in Eighteenth Century.
Q.20)
Ans) b
Exp) Statement 1 is correct: Politics of Sayyid Ahmed Khan were based on the firm
belief that immediate political progress was not possible because then British
Government could not be easily dislodged.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Although he favoured western learnings and modern
thinking for better social conditions to prevail in India, but he did not believe in the
concept of ‘White men burden’. He believed that unless Indians become modern in
thinking and action, they could not successfully challenge the British rule.
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Statement 3 is correct: He believed that any direct action against the British may be
fatal and may have serious repercussions on weaker sections of the society specially
Muslims. Thus, he advised all Indians particularly muslims to stay aloof from politics
as it was not the right time.
Source) NCERT: Theme in Indian History part III, Class: XII, Chap: Social and
Religious Reforms
Q.21)
Ans) c
Exp) The government of India had told the Supreme Court in 2016 that Kohinoor was
"neither stolen nor forcible taken" by the British, but rather was offered to the East
India Company as a present by the then rulers of Punjab.
Recently, the Archaeological Survey of India in response to a right to information
request noted that the Kohinoor was “surrendered” and not “handed over”.
“As per the records, the Lahore Treaty held between Lord Dalhousie and Maharaja
Duleep Singh in 1849, the Kohinoor diamond was surrendered by the Maharaja of
Lahore to the Queen of England," the ASI reply read.
Q.22)
Ans) d
Exp) Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan realized that there is a need to the exclusion of
mistrust about the Muslims from the minds of British rulers. For this purpose, he
wrote Essay on the causes of Indian Revolt in which he proved that there were many
factors which led to the rebellion of 1857 and that only the Muslims were not to be
held responsible for it. Additionally, he wrote an essay "Loyal Muhammadans of
India" in which he shielded the Muslims against the charges of unfaithfulness.
Source)
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yM8mDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT521&lpg=PT521&dq=%
E2%80%9CLoyal+Muhammadans+of+India%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=3e8-
iLfKFl&sig=_3qasoHQp_NpVSf_4g1uTcnMNeI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOnqfRyojfA
hVUOisKHQ1pCMM4HhDoATAIegQIBBAB#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%9CLoyal%20Muh
ammadans%20of%20India%E2%80%9D&f=false
Q.23)
Ans) c
Exp)
1. First Carnatic War 1746 – 1748
2. Establishment of dual government in Bengal 1765-72
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3. Establishment of Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, Calcutta (Kolkata)

1774
4. First Anglo Maratha war 1775-1782
Q.24)
Ans) c
Exp) Statement is 1 correct: Pitt’s India Act of 1784 brought about two important
changes in the constitution of the Company. First, it constituted a department of state
in England under the official style of “Commissioners for the Affairs of India” more
popularly known as the Board of Control, whose special function was to control the
policy of the Court of Directors, thus introducing the Dual System of government by
the Company and by a Parliamentary Board, which lasted till 1858.
Statement is 2 correct: Among the most striking provisions of the Act was the
prohibition not merely of all aggressive wars in India but of all treaties of guarantee
with Indian Princes like those with the nawabs of Carnatic and Oudh on the ground
that “to pursue schemes of conquest and extension of dominion in India are measures
repugnant to the wish, the honour and policy of this nation.”
Q.25)
Ans) d
Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect: In July 1854 Charles Wood, in his famous education
despatch known as ‘‘Wood’s Despatch”, provided for the creation of “a properly
articulated scheme of education from the primary school to the University”. Wood’s
despatch was very comprehensive and in the words of Lord Dalhousie “left nothing to
be desired”. It laid the foundations on which the modern education system has been
built up.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The despatch came to be considered as the Magna Carta of
English education in India. The scheme envisaged a coordinated system of education
on an all-India basis. As to the medium of instruction, it declared that for higher
education English language was the most perfect medium of education. It also
emphasised the importance of the vernacular languages, for it was through the
medium of the vernacular languages, that European knowledge could infilter to the
masses.
Knowledge base) The General Committee of Public Instruction consisted of ten
members. Within the Committee there were two groups, the Orientalists who
advocated the policy of giving encouragement to Oriental/Vernacular literature and
the Anglicist or the English Party which favoured the adoption of English as a medium
of instruction.
Source) B. L. Grower: A NEW LOOK ON MODERN INDIAN HISTORY, Chap: HISTORY

OF THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION.
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Q.26)
Ans) b
Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect: Mir Jafar entered into a conspiracy with Robert
Clive(French) against Nawab Siraj-ud-daula. It resulted into the defeat of Nawab in
Battle of Plassey and not Buxar.
Battle of Buxar was faught between Mir Kasim, Nawab of Oudh and the Emperor on
one hand and the forces of East India Company on the other hand, in 1764.
Statement 2 is correct: ‘Forward policy’ is the policy of war and assertion for
territorial expansion. wanted to make the Company the supreme power in India, to
add to its territories and to reduce all the Indian states to a position of dependence on
the Company. Wellesley gave up the policy of peace and non-intervention and
inaugurated the policy of war, more war and further wars. In his forward policy he was
backed by the War Ministry in England.
Source) B. L. Grower: A NEW LOOK ON MODERN INDIAN HISTORY, Chap: LORD

WELLESLEY, 1798 1805.
Q.27)
Ans) c
Exp) India and Bangladesh recently signed Agreements for Enhancing Inland and
Coastal Waterways Connectivity
● An agreement to use the Chattogram and Mongla ports in Bangladesh for
movement of goods to and from India.
● The countries also decided to initiate Kolkata-Dhaka-Guwahati-Jorhat river
cruise services.
● Both the sides have agreed for development of Jogighopa as a
hub/transshipment terminal for movement of cargo to Assam, Arunachal
Pradesh, Nagaland and Bhutan and on notifying Munshiganj river terminal by
Bangladesh customs for routing third-party exim cargo through Kolkata port.
The move will help reduce logistic costs substantially.
● Discussions were also held to consider inclusion of Rupnarayan river (National
Waterway 86) from Geokhali to Kolaghat in the protocol route and to declare
Kolaghat as new port of call.
● Chilmari was agreed to be a port of call in Bangladesh.
● The new arrangement will facilitate movement of fly ash, cement and
construction material from Jharkhand to Bangladesh through Rupnarayan
river.
Source) https://www.livemint.com/Politics/u3FHXfuVuAl8j7xfmjiAyM/Bangladesh-
opens-Chattogram-Mongla-ports-for-trade-with-Ind.html
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Q.28)
Ans) d
Exp) The General Service Enlistment Act of 1856 required recruits to serve overseas if
ordered, a challenge to the castes who composed so much of the Bengal army.
Q.29)
Ans) c
Exp) Ring Fence Policy (1765-1813): It was the policy of creating buffer states
around the Company’s territories. The idea was purely that of defence of the frontiers
of the Company. Broadly speaking, it was the policy of defence of their neighbours’
frontiers for safeguarding their own territories. The chief danger to the Company’s
territories was from the Afghan invaders and the Marathas. To safeguard against these
dangers, the Company undertook to organize the defence of the frontiers of Oudh on
the condition that the Nawab would defray the expenses of the defending army. The
defence of Oudh constituted the defence of Bengal at that time. William Bentinck
came to India only in 1828 for the period of seven years that is till 1835. The
correct pair is Warren Hasting.
Subsidiary Alliance: The Subsidiary Alliance System was used by Wellesley to bring
Indian states within the orbit of British political power. The system served the double
purpose of asserting British supremacy in India and at the same time of saving India
from the menace of Napoleon. The system played a very important part in the
expansion of the Company’s dominions and many new territories were added to the
Company’s possessions.
Permanent Settlement: In 1793 Lord Cornwallis had by the Permanent Settlement of
Bengal transformed tax-collectors (zamindars) into landlords and placed the ryot at
their tender mercy.
The zamindars were recognised owners of land and a ten year’s settlement was made
with them in 1790. In 1793 the decennial settlement was declared permanent and the
zamindars and their legitimate successors were allowed to hold their estates at that
very assessed rate for ever. The state demand was fixed at 89% of the rental, leaving
11% with the zamindars as their share for their trouble and responsibility.
Source) B. L. Grower: A NEW LOOK ON MODERN INDIAN HISTORY, Chap:

Administrative reforms
Q.30)
Ans) b
Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect: Although, the East India Company from time to time
had given assurances that not only the rights and privileges of the Indians but their
laws, habits, customs and prejudices would be respected. But, there were incidences
of interference with customs and beliefs of the common people e.g. Bengal Sati
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Regulation 1929 Act, which banned the Sati practice in all jurisdictions of British
India.
Statement 2 is correct: Dalhousie recognised the right of the adopted son to succeed
to the personal property of the chieftain, but drew a distinction between succession to
private property and succession to the royal ’gaddi’. In the latter case, he held, that
the sanction of the supreme power must be obtained. The supreme power could refuse
‘adoption’ in certain cases.
Source) B. L. Grower: A NEW LOOK ON MODERN INDIAN HISTORY, Chap: LORD

DALHOUSIE.
Q.31)
Ans) d
Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect: Britain emerged as one of the biggest importer of
cotton in post industrialisation era. America and India were two of the biggest supplier
of cotton to Britain. But, as soon as the American war of independence broke out, the
supply of cotton from America declined to minimum levels. This created a shortage of
supply for cotton in British market. This shortage caused the increase in demand for
Indian cotton and hence, provided the boost to cotton exports in India. However, soon
as the American war of independence ended, it started supplying cotton to European
market and the demand for Indian cotton decreased and cotton exports declined
relatively.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Soon as the news of the end of American war of
independence reached India, the French army (supporting Tipu Sultan in the war
against British i.e. II Anglo-Mysore war) withdrew their support following the Treaty of
Paris in July 1783. This shows that the end of American war of Independence in no
way helped Tipu. The II Anglo-Mysore war came to end with the Treaty of Mangalore
in Mar 11, 1784 signed between Tipu Sultan and the British East India Company; and
under the terms of the treaty, both sides once again returned the conquered territories
as well as the prisoners.
Source) B. L. Grower: A NEW LOOK ON MODERN INDIAN HISTORY, Chap: WARREN

HASTINGS
Q.32)
Ans) d
Exp) Statement 1 is correct: System of Dual government in Bengal, not only created
confusion but also left the people hapless against oppression by both company and
nawabs. The British parliament could not remain a mute spectator and thus
regulation of the trading company was necessitated.
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Statement 2 is correct: The servants of the company had become corrupt. Many of
them retired and took away heaps of wealth to England and lived like Indian Nawabs,
thus correctly nicknamed “English Nawabs” in England. In 1772, a secret
parliamentary committee reported that the servants of the company including Clive
had received large sums, Jagirs etc.
Statement 3 is correct: The corruption was so much prevalent that the servants of
the company led it on the brink of financial bankruptcy in early 1770s. Further, the
famine of 1770 also reduced the revenue. In August 1772, the East India Company
applied for a loan of One Million Pounds to the British government.
Q.33)
Ans) b
Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect. Scientists and researchers from the National Centre
for Biological Sciences (NCBS) in Bangalore have come up with a new citizen-
science repository on Indian mammals, called Mammals of India (MaOI), which is an
online, peer- reviewed, freely-accessible portal. So far, there was no portal exclusively
for mammals.
Statement 3 is correct. The website provides an opportunity to any person to upload
geotagged photographic observations about mammals with information on habitat age
of the observed individual. Over time, these observations will be reviewed by subject
experts and uploaded on the website.
Source) https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/aim-shoot-for-
a-citizen-science-repository-of-indian-mammals/article25325705.ece
Q.34)
Ans) c
Exp) Statement 1 is correct: Abdali’s forces outnumbered the forces under the
command of Bhauji. On the basis of contemporary records, it is estimated Abdali’s
army at 60,000 while the Maratha combatants did not exceed 45,000.
Statement 2 is correct: While all the Muslim powers of Northern India rallied to the
side of Ahmad Shah Abdali, the Marathas had to fight alone. The overbearing attitude
of the Marathas and their policy of indiscriminate plunder had estranged not only the
Muslim powers but the Hindu powers like the Jats and the Rajputs.
Maratha talent was more suited for service in the cavalry, for its infantry regiments
the Peshwas had to depend on the Rajputs, Sikhs, Rohillas, Sindhis, Arabs etc.
Source) NCERT: Modern India, Class-XIi, Chap: Achievements of the Early Peshwas.
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Q.35)
Ans) c
Exp) Statement 1 is correct: The Revolt was not confined to these major centers. It
had embraced almost every cantonment in the Bengal and a few in Bombay. However,
the Madras army remained totally loyal.
Statement 2 is correct: A weak and old man, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was chosen as
the face of the revolt against British power. It is imperative that rebels were only
concerned with overthrowing the Company’s rule from India.
Source) Bipin Chandra: India’s struggle for Independence, Chap: THE FIRST MAJOR
CHALLENGE: THE REVOLT OF 1857.
Q.36)
Ans) c
Exp) By the Farrukhsiyar Farman the English East India Company derived two
advantages for its trade in Bengal. These were:
(a) The English were to enjoy duty-free trading right on an annual pay neat of Rs.
3000.
(b) a dastak or a special permit issued by the head of the English factory at Calcutta
would exempt all goods mentioned in the permit from being stopped or searched by
the Nawab's officials.
In addition to this, English were also allowed to mint their own coins which were to
have currency throughout the Mughal empire.
Source) NCERT: Modern India, Class-XII, Chap: RISE OF THE ENGLISH POWER IN
BENGAL—PLASSEY AND BUXAR.
Q.37)
Ans) a
Exp) Various causes may be assigned to the conflict between Siraj-ud-daula and the
British.
First, the British tried to fish in the troubled water when they gave shelter to
Krishnadas in Calcutta. For Krishnadas was an agent of Ghaseti Begum who was an
arch enemy of Siraj. Thus, statement 1 is correct.
Second, the British refused to obey the Nawab when Siraj ordered them to handover to
him Krishnadas.
Third, Siraj was annoyed with the British as he came to know that they had started
the repair job of the Calcutta fort without prior permission from the Nawab. Repair
work was only the veil behind which the British wanted the expansion of Calcutta
Fort. Thus, statement 2 is correct.
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Fourth, there was of course another cause of hostility between the British and Siraj. It
was customary to send presents to the Nawab on his accession. All the foreign
merchants except the British had sent him presentation. This wounded the
sentiments of Siraj and turned anti-British.
Although, British were conspiring against the Nawab but they did not sign any treaty
with Portuguese against the Nawab of Bengal. Thus, statement 3 is incorrect.
Source) NCERT: Modern India, Class-XII, Chap: RISE OF THE ENGLISH POWER IN
BENGAL—PLASSEY AND BUXAR.
Q.38)
Ans) d
Exp)
● Dupleix held a high post at Pondicherry in 1720. Here Dupleix made a great
fortune by indulging in private trade then permitted to servants of the French
Company in India.
● A drastic change in the constitution of the French Company caused
misunderstandings at Pondicherry about the activities of Dupleix and was
suspended from service. But, he remained in India and demanded
compensation for the injustice he had suffered. As a result, he was appointed
as the Governor of Chandernagore in 1730. In 1741, Dupleix was named as
the Director General of French Colonics in India.
● He did not led France into Third Carnatic war, he was called after the
unsuccessful venture of second Carnatic war and before Third war.
● He was recalled mainly because his schemes for Carnatic failed to establish
the supremacy of French company in India. The war expenses were heavy
and could buy only humiliation for France, after a brief period of success.
Q.39)
Ans) b
Exp) Biodiversity Atlas – India provides a powerful natural history web-platform for
species-based bioinformatics. Most data on this platform are contributed by amateur
citizen scientists, photographers and professional scientists, and peer-reviewed
and curated by advanced amateurs and professional biologists.
Thus, Biodiversity Atlas – India supports efforts of one of the best integrated
professional-amateur scientific communities that aggregates big data on Indian
biodiversity with the goal of studying ecological trends.
Mammals of India repository (MaOI) is a part of the Biodiversity Atlas-India project,
which is an initiative of Krushnamegh Kunte, associate professor at NCBS.
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Source) http://bioatlasindia.org/ https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-

environment/aim-shoot-for-a-citizen-science-repository-of-indian-
mammals/article25325705.ece
Q.40)
Ans) d
Exp) Statement 1 is correct: The French Government did not realise the importance
of the colo-nial empires in India and America, and got her involved in the Continental
War near her home which precluded her from sending adequate help to her colonies
abroad.
Statement 2 is correct: In their bid for territorial expansion in India the French
company forgot that they were primarily merchants. All through the Anglo-French
hostilities the English busily transacted their ordinary commercial activities. Dupleix,
on the other hand, deliberately came to the conclusion that for France, at any rate, the
Indian Trade was a failure and that military conquest opened up a more attractive
prospect.
Statement 3 is correct: Dupleix did not appreciate the greater importance of the navy
in the colonial expansion in India, on the contrary, he relied more on the land forces.
Deficiency in naval strength was the major cause of the French failure in face of
English naval superiority.
Source) NCERT: Modern India, Class-XII, Chap: Anglo-French Rivalry in the Carnatic.
Q.41)
Ans) c
Exp) No previous Governor- General of India had ever tackled social problems with
greater courage than Bentinck did. He tried to reform Hindu society by abolition of the
cruel rite of sail and suppression of infanticide. He crushed the gangs of assassins
called thugs and made peaceful living possible.
Statement 1 is correct: Enlightened Indian reformers led by Raja Ram Mohan Roy
urged William Bentinck to take necessary steps and declare the practice of sati illegal.
William Bentinck provided the necessary legislative corrective. Regulation No. XVII of
December 1829 declared the practice of sati or of burning or burying alive of widows
illegal and punishable by the criminal courts as culpable homicide.
The Regulation of 1829 was applicable in the first place to Bengal Presidency alone,
but in 1830 was extended in different forms to Madras and Bombay Presidencies.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Mass education was proposed in Wood’s Despatch of 1854
(during Governorship of Lord Dalhousie), it repudiated the ‘downward filtration theory’
for education. The downward filtration theory was given by Macaulay in 1834 during
William Bentinck.
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Statement 3 is correct: In matters of recruitment to public services, William

Bentinck sought to remove the humiliating distinctions between Europeans and
Indians. Charter Act of 1833 provided that no Indian subject of the Company in India
was to be debarred from holding any office under the Company “by reason of his
religion, place of birth, descent and colour”. It is believed that this Charter clause was
inserted at the instance of Bentinck. Though, the immediate effect of this clause was
very little, it laid down a very important and healthy principle.
Q.42)
Ans) b
Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect: Sayyid brothers played the role of ‘king makers’ in the
later Mughal politics. They raised Farrukhsiyar and Muhammad Shah to the throne,
in succession. They killed Farrukhsiyar to gain complete control of Delhi.
However, Muhammad Shah killed Sayyid brothers when their control over Delhi
became strong enough to suffocate him.
Statement 2 is correct: Sayyid Brothers followed the policy of religious tolerance.
Evidentially, they abolished Jaziya and conciliated with Hindu chiefs.
Statement 3 is correct: They offered high position in administration to Rajput kings.
Besides, they signed an agreement with the King Shahu (Maratha) to grant him
swarajya and the right to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi of the six provinces of
Deccan. They followed policy of conciliation for Rajputs and Marathas.
Source) NCERT: Modern India, Class-XII, Chap: DISINTEGRATION OF THE MUGHAL

EMPIRE.
Q.43)
Ans) d
Exp) The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has given its approval for creation of
special Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF).
FIDF would provide concessional finance to State Governments / UTs and State
entities, cooperatives, individuals and entrepreneurs etc., for taking up of the
identified investment activities of fisheries development.
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), National
Cooperatives Development Corporation (NCDC) and all scheduled Banks (hereinafter
referred as Banks) shall be the nodal Loaning Entities.
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Q.44)
Ans) d
Exp) Mirat-ul-Akbar: First journal in Persian, by Raja Rammohan Roy.
Amrita Bazar Patrika: First Vernacular paper (also Bengalee), by Sisir Kumar Ghosh
and Motilal Ghosh.
Indian Mirror: First Indian daily paper in English, by Debendranath Tagore.
Q.45)
Ans) c
Exp) Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded in 1867 by M. G. Ranade and others,
with object of serving as bridge between the government and the people.
Objectives of Indian Association of Calcutta:

● Promote political, intellectual and material advancement of the people.
● Create strong public opinion on political question.
● Unify people in India in a common political programme.
Source) Spectrum: Modern India, Chap: Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India.
Q.46)
Ans) c
Exp) The Bombay Presidency Association’ was started by Badruddin Tayabji,
Pherozeshah Mehta and K. T. Telang.
Q.47)
Ans) d
Exp) The following causes were responsible for the origin and growth of
nationalism in India:
• Political Unity: For the first time, most of the regions in India were united politically
and administratively under a single power (the British rule). It introduced a uniform
system of law and government.
• Development of Communication and Transport: The introduction of railways,
telegraphs and postal services and the construction of roads and canals facilitated
communication among the people. All these brought Indians nearer to each other and
provided the facility to organise the national movement on an all India basis.
• English Language and Western Education: The English language played an
important role in the growth of nationalism in the country. The English educated
Indians, who led the national movement, developed Indian nationalism and organised
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it. Western education facilitated the spread of the concepts of liberty, equality, freedom
and nationalism and sowed the seeds of nationalism.
• The Role of the Press: The Indian Press, both English and vernacular, had also
aroused the national consciousness.
• Social and Religious Movements of the Nineteenth Century: The leaders of
various organisations like the Brahmo Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission, Arya Samaj, and
Theosophical Society generated a feeling of regard for and pride in the motherland.
• Economic Exploitation by the British: A good deal of anti-British feeling was
created by the economic policy pursued by the British government in India. The
English systematically ruined the Indian trade and native industries. Therefore,
economic exploitation by the British was one of the most important causes for the rise
of Indian nationalism.
• Racial Discrimination: The Revolt of 1857 created a kind of permanent bitterness
and suspicion between the British and the Indians. The English feeling of racial
superiority grew. India as a nation and Indians as individuals were subjected to
insults, humiliation and contemptuous treatment.
Q.48)
Ans) a
Exp) The pre-Congress associations set the stage for the birth of political party having
a national outlook unified approach.
Few of them, such as Bengal British Indian Society and British India Association,
were dominated by the landed aristocracy. But, it was not a common feature of all the
pre-Congress Associations. They followed constitutional methods to present their
demands before the government. They were localised in nature and lacked nationalist
character.
Q.49)
Ans) d
Exp) Characteristics of peasant struggle in 19th century:
1. Most of the uprising were against the evictions, increase in land rents, and the
money lenders greedy ways.
2. Aimed at mainly occupancy rights of peasants among other things.
3. The localised nature of these revolts were seen in Moplah uprising was due to hike
in revenue demands and reduction of field sizes. The indigo revolt was the most
militant and widespread of all the peasant’s uprisings was also limited to Bengal
4. The uprisings were mainly against the oppressive practices of foreign planters and
indigenous zamindars.
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Source) https://forumias.com/portal/how-did-the-early-peasant-rebellions-differ-
from-the-later-peasant-rebellions-in-indias-struggle-for-freedom-examine-2/
Q.50)
Ans) a
Exp) BepiColombo is a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to the planet Mercury.
The mission comprises two satellites launched together: The Mercury Planetary
Orbiter (MPO) and Mio (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, MMO).
The mission will perform a comprehensive study of Mercury, including
characterization of its magnetic field, magnetosphere, and both interior and surface
structure.
Source) https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/europe-japan-send-spacecraft-
on-7-year-journey-to-mercury/article25272865.ece
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Page 1

PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

Maximum Marks: 100 Time Allowed: ONE HOURS

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS

ForumIAS Offline Guidance Centre

PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS

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PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS

1. He rejected Western ideas and sought to Public Administration and Management

revive the ancient religion. Award, 2018?

2. He disregarded the authority of the later 1. Unnayan Banka

Hindu scriptures. 2. Janani suraksha yojana

3. He looked on the Vedas as India’s ‘Rock of 3. Unified Agriculture Markets

a) 1 only Which of the statements given above is/are

b) 1 and 2 only correct?

c) 2 and 3 only a) 1 only

d) None of the above b) 1 and 2 only

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PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS

d) All of the above third.

1. It was directed against the exploitation of given below:

Indigo growing tenants in Bihar. a) 1 and 2 only

2. It was successful in wiping out the b) 2 only

cultivation of Indigo from India. c) 1 and 3 only

3. ‘Neel-Darpan' by Dinabandhu Mitra d) 1, 2 and 3

b) 1 and 2 only 1. Allegiance of zamindars to the British rule

c) 2 and 3 only 2. Efficiency in revenue collection

d) 1, 2 and 3 3. Increase in agricultural activities

Q.11) The International Conference on given below:

Status and Protection of Coral Reefs a) 1 only

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PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS

c) Foreign policy of establishing base 3. It was an extension of ring fence policy.

around French colonies. Which of the statements given above is/are

d) Defence policy of guarding the frontiers of correct?

neighbouring to safeguard their own a) 1 only

1. This idea was first floated by the

institutions in India. 1. Brahmo Ram Mohan Roy

b) 2 only Which of the pairs given above is/are

c) Both 1 and 2 correctly matched?

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PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS

ForumIAS Offline Guidance Centre

PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS

1. First Carnatic war 1. Wood’s Despatch of 1854 laid emphasis

2. It prohibited all aggressive wars and 2. Lord Wellesley followed a spirited

c) Both 1 and 2 c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2

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PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS

2. Agreement is also signed for development

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PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS

b) 1 and 2 only Select the correct answer using the code

c) 2 and 3 only given below:

Q.33) Consider the following statements c) Both 1 and 2

regarding MaOI Repository: d) Neither 1 nor 2

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PTS 2019|1| Test 19| ForumIAS

Q.38) “If Dupleix had not been recalled and

a) 1, 2 and 3 only d) His scheme for Carnatic dented heavily to