PROPOSAL for Regeneration of Land

at Taratarini Temple hill top area near

Berhampore in the State of Odisha

July - 2015

Reinforced Earth India Private Limited

E-11, Block B1 Extension, Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area, Mathura Road, New Delhi - 110044
T. +91 11 46457600 E. reinforcedearth@recoindia.com
 Contents
1. Project Details
1.1. Project Name
1.2. Project Location
1.3. Client
1.4. Project Background Summary
1.5. Project Site Visit
1.6. Requirement envisaged during site visit

2. Proposed Solution
2.1. Proposed Solution
2.2. Proposed view after Completion

3. Technical Data considered for design and estimation

4. Proposed Terralink® System

4.1. System Objective
4.2. Terralink® System details:
4.3. TerraNail Components
4.4. GeoTrel Components

5. Installation Methodology
5.1. TerraNail® Installation Procedure
5.2. Geotrel Installation Procedure
5.3. TerraLinking Procedure

6. Application of TerraLink®

7. Benefits of TerraLink®

8. Technical specifications of TerraLink System

9. Budgetary estimate and BOQ

10. About the Company

11. References and Case Studies

Project Details
1. PROJECT DETAILS

1.1 Project Name:

Land regeneration at Taratarini Temple Hill Top Area near Berhampore in the state of
Odisha.

1.2 Project Location: Taratarini Temple at Berhampore District in the state of Odisha.

1.3 Client: PWD - Rural Works Department, Government of Odisha.

1.4 Project Background Summary: During our visit to the site, it was understood that the
Temple Boundary at the North-East End, has come to the edge of the hill top. And with
the increase number of devotees day after day further 20-25m area needs to be
generated at the same place.

It was observed that the overall height of the Hill from the platform of the temple is
approximately 90m. There is a step at 30m from the top.
1.5 Project Site Visit:

A visit to the site by our Mr. Dhananjoy Das, and Mr.Sumonto Banerjee was made at the
proposed project site to understand the requirement for arriving at a project specific
probable solution.

1.6 Requirement envisaged during site visit:

It was understood during the visit that there is no more space at the North-Eastern side
of the Temple and the boundary has already come to the cliff edge. Thereby additional
space to be created at the North East end to accommodate the increasing number of
Devotees.
Proposed Solution
2. Proposed Solution :

As envisaged during the site visit, the boundary wall of the Temple has already rest of
the cliff edge at the NE end of the Temple which has been proposed to be widened.
Therefore any kind of excavation is not feasible to execute the work as it involves a lot
of risk including chances of collapse of the existing Temple.

To address the problem, we have used in-situ soil reinforcement (TerraNail®) connected
with the GeoTrel steepened slope to create additional space at the hill top. In-situ soil
reinforcement and mechanically stabilized earth, together forms TerraLink® Structure.
Proposed View after Completion
of Work
Technical Data Considered for
Design and Estimation
3. Technical Details considered for design and estimation:

a) Maximum Height 33.8 m

b) Stretch length 100m (approximately)
c) Parameters considered for In-situ rock/soil, Ø= 36 deg, Y= 22 kN/m3, c = 15 kPa
d) Parameters considered for Reinforced Earth Fill, Ø= 32 deg, Y= 22 kN/m3, c =0 kPa
e) TerraNail sloped face(Hill Slope) considered to be at 40 deg and TerraLink face is
considered to be at 70 deg with respect to the Horizontal.
f) Min 3m strip length is available at bottom (assumed).
g) In Freyssibars, it is assumed that, the strenght remain same at all c/s.
h) TerraNails are inclined at 15 deg.
Proposed TerraLink® System
4. Proposed Terralink® System

TerraLink® System is a combination of TerraNail® with mechanically stabilized earth structure. It

is applicable in case of stabilizing cut or existing slope, with a limited space for the soil
reinforcements, leading to soil reinforcement lengths lower than generally accepted.

TerraNail® are in-situ method of reinforcing the existing soil matrix by installing high tensile
threaded steel bars or strands encased in a grout, to create an in-situ coherent gravity structure
that increases the overall shear strength of the soil and restrain it from displacements. It is
typically used to stabilize existing slopes or excavations as construction proceeds from top -
down or sometimes bottom – up, depending upon the site requirement. TerraNail® is installed
to create a stable mass of soil, which is the first step of building a safe and structurally robust
retaining mass. The TerraNail® creates a single block of earth, which is able to hold-back its
overburden and applied loads.

For Installation of TerraNail®, three fundamental steps involve:

 Drilling
 Inserting TerraNail
 Grouting

TerraNail® is further connected with a Prefabricated Galvanized Steel mesh and fixed with End
plate. Prefabricated Galvanized Steel mesh is further connected with Reinforced Earth® system
to provide a permanent form of retaining structure with aesthetically pleasant look and to
widen the existing road. This combination of TerraNail® and Reinforced Earth® solution is
termed as TerraLink® structure.
 Slope stabilized by TerraNail
Facing

Soil reinforcements

Typical TerraLink® Structure

4.1 System Objective:

With reference to the subject project requirements, the work involves reclamation of
additional land at hill top without disturbing the slope. This involves stabilization of the
slopes followed by followed by retention of the built-up slope and creating space on the
top. The objective of the system may be generalized as under;

 To develop a permanent and viable solution for stabilization of slopes that involves
low lifecycle cost and high durability coupled with superior quality.

 In-situ improvement and stabilization of deeper soil strata to prevent deep seated
failure with the help of TerraNail within the soil/rock mass having direct connection
and integrity with the built-up Mechanically Stabilized composite earth mass in front
of the unstable slope profile.

 By incorporating nails into the existing slope, eliminating the possibility of further
sleep circle failure.

 To deliver the project with effective design and construction methods.

4.2 Terralink®System details:

The proposed TerraLink system in this project consists of the following;

 TerraNail
 GeoTrel Steepened slope

4.3 TerraNail Components:

4.4 GeoTrel Components:

facingGeoTrel
facing
connectorMechanical
connector
GeoStrapHigh Adherence
GeoStrap

GeoStrap High Adherence GeoStrap

Galvanized steel mesh panels

Installation Methodology
5. INSTALLATION METHODOLOGY

5.1 TerraNail® Installation Procedure:

5.2 GeoTrell Installation Procedure:
5.3 TerraLinking Procedure

GeoTrel

Mechanical

High Adherence
Application and Benefits of
TerraLink®
6 APPLICATIONS OF TERRALINK:

TerraLink® structures are ideal for:

 Widening and Strengthening of hill cut.

 In-situ application of soil reinforcement to build temporary or permanent retaining
slopes/walls.
 Stabilization and Strengthening of existing embankments and slopes.
 Repair and Rehabilitation of slope failures.
 Repair and Rehabilitation of failed retaining structures.

7 BENEFITS OF TerraLink® system:

TerraLink® system exhibits numerous advantages when compared to any other conventional
techniques and alternative top down or bottom up construction techniques.
Some of these advantages are described as under:

Construction Benefits

1. Requires minimum working space as TerraNails are inserted into the existing slope.

2. In TerraLink structure, cutting and feeling is optimized. Therefore, it requires very less
excavation and filling when compared with conventional or any other retaining
structure solution for hills.

3. In TerraLink® structure, very less load is imposed on the existing slope as compared to
other conventional techniques.

4. No heavy machinery is required for this construction. Therefore, very less disruption to
existing activity on top of the slope and causes less environmental impact as compared
to other construction techniques.

5. Very less or sometimes no excavation is required. Only surface preparation may be

adequate. No space is required for foundation base when compared to conventional
retaining wall.

6. Installation of TerraLink® structure is fast.

Performance:

1. The concept of in-situ soil reinforcement (Soil Nail) is very old and well accepted
throughout the world. There are global references that TerraLink® walls have performed
well during seismic events owing to overall system flexibility.

2. TerraLink® structure wall is designed for 100 years.

3. It is very effective alternative for valley side widening of hills.

4. TerraLink® structures are relatively flexible and can accommodate large total/ and
differential settlements compared to conventional system.

5. Measured total deflections of TerraLink® walls are negligible.

La Rioza, Argentina
Technical Specification of
the TerraLink® System
8 Technical Specification of the TerraLink system:

A. DESCRIPTION

TerraLink technology is a combination of stabilization of existing slope/structure by using fully

threaded TerraNail (Yield strength 670Mpa and Ultimate strength 800Mpa) followed by construction
of vertical wall or steepened slope with Terre Armee GeoTrel Technique using Hot-dip Galvanized
steel mesh facing panels with High Adherence (HA) GeoStrap5 and GeoStrap 9 as soil reinforcing
elements mechanically connected with the TerraNail slope.

B. TERRALINK BEHAVIOUR AND DESIGN CONCEPTS

The design concept of TerraLink is to reinforce and strengthen the unstable slopes by in-situ
installation of TerraNail and connecting the nails with GeoTrel system. TerraNail creates a
reinforced soil mass that is internally stable and able to retain the ground mass within the
unstable slope against active pressure, slip circle failure and global stability. TerraNails are then
mechanically linked with the Terre Armee system, which is designed to cater the pull-out
resistance.

Similar to mechanically stabilized Terre Armee structure system, TerraNail reinforcements are
passive and can develop their reinforcing action through nail-soil interactions as the slope mass
deforms during and subsequent to construction. The nail-soil interaction consists of transferring
the resisting tensile forces generated in the inclusions of "non-extensible" threaded high
strength TerraNails into the slope through adhesion/bond strength mobilized at the nail-soil
interface. Estimation of pullout resistance of TerraNail plays most important role in the design of
TerraNail. The pullout resistance is mainly based on bond strength or adhesion at the soil-nail
interface.

The detailed design and drawings of the work shall be done meeting the ultimate and
serviceability limit state requirements as per FHWA0-IF-03-017, “Geotechnical Engineering
Circular No.7 on Soil Nail Walls”, March 2003 OR in accordance to BS: 8006:2010
“Strengthened/Reinforced Soils and Other Fills” where ever relevant. Reference can be made to
design method as per French Standard AFNOR NF P 94-270, July 2009 “Geotechnical design of
Retaining Structures reinforced fill and Soil Nailed structures” regarding TerraNail construction
and installation guidelines.

Wherever highway loading is to be considered, the design will cater for single lane IRC class 70
R, two lanes IRC class A or combination of the two as external live traffic loads for 3-lane
carriageway and design ground acceleration (50% of Zone factor, Z in Table 2) as per IS 1893:
2002 (Part – I). Specialized supplier’s Specifications shall also be incorporated wherever relevant
for design and construction.

The work shall generally be done in conformity to the MORT&H “Specification for Road and
Bridge Works”, Latest Revision, Section 3100 and specifically as per this specification. The
detailed design and drawings of the work done in accordance with the MORT&H specifications
and in accordance to BS:8006:2010, “Strengthened/Reinforced Soils and Other Fills” meeting
 the ultimate and serviceability limit state requirements as per other international standards
wherever relevant. The design calculations can be done considering two panel width with even
and odd number combination of connector.

All TerraNail works and shored Terre Armee wall shall be executed as per ISO: 9001:2008 scope
of registration for “The structural design, engineering, procurement, supervision and installation
and Project Management of Mechanically Stabilized Earth and Precast Concrete structures for
civil engineering applications.” by the specialized agency.

C. SCOPE OF WORK

1. General

Construction of TerraLink structure is a specialized work. The Contractor shall make his own
arrangements to secure the design, supplies and services required to complete the work from
one specialized system supplier.

The work consists of designing and constructing permanent TerraLink wall through the
specialized system provider like M/s. Reinforced Earth India Pvt. Ltd. or other similar agencies
meeting the eligibility criteria as mentioned in this document. The contractor shall arrange all
design calculations, drawings, manpower, materials and tools to design and construct the
TerraLink structure in accordance with this specification through one specialized system
provider. Manufacturer of steel nails or any drilling contractors shall not be approved as a
specialized system provider | agency.

The work shall consist of Grouted and fully threaded Galvanized solid TerraNails described
elsewhere in this document. Any other TerraNails, like solid threaded re-bars/ strands/ driven
nails of any type are strictly not allowed in this work.

This work shall also consist of Terre Armee Retaining wall Structures as per Terre Armee
Technology and consisting Galvanised steel mesh facing and reinforcement elements comprising
of High Adherence (HA) GeoStrap5 and/or GeoStrap 9 with accessories/fittings and backfill
material in accordance with the specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the lines,
grades, design and dimensions shown on the approved drawings. The Terre Armee retaining
wall shall be designed and constructed using LLDPE coated HA GeoStrap5 and/or GeoStrap9 as
described in this technical specification and any other type of reinforcement like PVC/Latex/
Bitumen coated geogrid or HDPE geogrids, or mesh or sheet type shall not be allowed to use.

To ensure good performance and high pull-out strength of TerraNail, the hole has to be drilled
and grouted immediately after drilling and to ensure effective length of the drilled hole just
before grouting, an additional drilled length of 0.25m to the design nail length should be drilled
to ensure the availability of minimum design length irrespective of presence of debris towards
the bottom of the hole. However, the nail length should remain same as per the design length.

There are many drilling techniques and tools that can be adopted for drilling holes; however, for
this project only drilled and grouted method shall be adopted, which is the most commonly used
method worldwide for permanent stability. Basic requirements of proper or efficient drilling for
TerraNail are deployment of suitable machines (appropriate combination of thrust, torque,
rotary speed, percussive force and flushing methods) and skilled operator to ensure high quality
 installation and timely completion of the project. While carrying out the drilling, following points
must be ensured:

 The drill diameter shall be as shown on detailed design and approved construction
drawing.
 Complete the drilling as soon as possible (typically less than 1 hour for drill length less
than or equal to 7m.).
 Machines shall be capable of permitting continuous and straight penetration in material
that invariably changes abruptly from some localized soft to extremely hard or rock
strata, etc.
 The equipment used must be capable of providing a constant diameter, stable drilled
hole, wholly and cleanly removing the debris.

TerraNail holes (drill holes) are drilled using one of several available drilling methods, including
rotary, percussion, auger, and rotary/percussion drilling. Rotary percussive drilling method using
suitable top hammer or down the hole (DTH) hammer with proper drill bits (75mm to 300mm)
to suit the types of materials can meet the above requirements.

2. TerraNail Reinforcement

The main function of TerraNail reinforcement is to transfer load by tension when the whole nail
lengths are bonded to the soil. TerraNail Reinforcements shall be fully threaded Solid Hot
Laminated Geotechnical Bars. The maximum available length is 11.8m. The delivered lengths of
the deformed bar shall be continuous without splices or welds, new, straight, undamaged and
hot dip galvanized. For permanent structures, the bar shall be hot-dip galvanized conforming to
IS 4759: 1996 requirements, except that the average zinc coating weight on the outer surface is
not less than 500gm/m2 (equivalent thickness of 70 microns). If the required length of TerraNail
is more than 11.8m, then the bars can be joined together using galvanized couplers. The
detailed specification is as follows:

TerraNail
 TerraNail shall be free from dirt and soil. Excessive force shall not be allowed in inserting the
TerraNail. In case of insertion refusal, the nail shall be withdrawn and reinserted after re-drilling
the drilled hole.
3. Bar Coupler

Bar coupler if required, shall develop full ultimate tensile strength of the bar as certified by the
manufacturer.

4. Nail Grout

Grouting with a neat cement grout with non-shrink admixture or flyash/sand/cement mixture
(with a minimum 3-day compressive strength of 10.5 Mpa and a minimum 28-day compressive
strength of 21 Mpa) is used to fill up the voids in the drilled hole. This strengthens the ground
immediately adjacent to the drilled hole, enhances the bond strength and protects the bar
against the corrosion. Grouting shall be carried out immediately after the drilling and insertion
of TerraNail, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer as per the local working condition. If in
any case grouting is done afterwards, then un-grouted drilled hole left overnight shall be
protected with PVC pipe or for drilled hole that have been left un-grouted for too long or left
overnight should be re-drilled (larger by 15% and longer) and flushed clean again by compressed
air just before grouting. PVC Centralizers are used at suitable spacing on the TerraNail to ensure
uniform annular space for grouting around the nail. In specific case, pressure grouting before
insertion of nail is acceptable provided that the TerraNail is immediately inserted through the
grout without difficulty and the bond strength is confirmed by pull-out test.

5. Admixture

Admixtures that control bleed, improve flow ability, reduce water content, and retard setting
time shall be used in the grout subject to review and acceptance by the engineer. Accelerators
are not permitted. Expansive admixtures shall only be used in grout used for filling sealed
encapsulations.

6. Drainage

100 mm dia. and 2m long semi-perforated PVC pipes wrapped with non-woven geotextile shall
be inserted within the unstable slope by drilling method. This will release the pore water
pressure, which may develop within soil mass. Perforations of pipe shall have adequate opening
area.

Detailed drainage arrangement shall be made as shown in the approved construction drawing.

7. Installation

TerraNail shall be installed by inserting in predrilled hole and then immediate grouting. The
diameter of drill hole shall range from 75 to 150 mm in diameter. After the nail bar is inserted in
the drill hole, the drill hole is filled with clean cement grout, as mentioned previously. This
 method is referred to as open-hole installation. As the grout sets, it bonds to the TerraNail bar
and the surrounding ground.

8. Load Testing

TerraNails are load tested in the field to verify that the nail design loads can be carried without
excessive movements and with an adequate factor of safety. Testing is also used to verify the
adequacy of the contractor’s drilling, installation, and grouting operations prior to and during
construction of the TerraNail wall. If ground and/or installation procedures change, additional
testing may be required to evaluate the influence on TerraNail performance. One unit of test
shall be conducted for every 2000sqm of face area or at every change of site location. Each unit
of test shall consist of minimum 3 number of test. If all test results indicates faulty construction
practice or TerraNail capacities are less than that required, the contractor should be required to
alter nail installation/construction methods or revise the design based on the actual pull-
out/bond resistance. Testing of any nail shall not be performed until the nail grout has attained
at least their specified 14-days compressive strength.

Testing equipment shall include dial gauges, dial gauge support, hollow jack and pressure
gauge/load cell, load cell, and a reaction frame.

9. Facing on the slope surface

The facing provides structural connectivity. The facing serves as the bearing surface for the end
plate and supports the exposed soil. The facing is placed over slope surface after the TerraNails
are installed and then the hex nut is tightened. The facing shall be in the form of steel mesh
made of 100mm x 100mm aperture sized grid with 8mm, 10mm and 12mm diameter galvanized
(not less than 500gm/m2 equivalent thickness of 70 microns) steel wire(Grade UTS 450Mpa &
Yield 350Mpa) placed and fixed on the slope surface with the TerraNail end plates.This facing on
the slope shall be connected with the GeoStrap of Terre ArmeeGeoTrel structure through a
mechanical connector as described elsewhere in this document.

10. Terre ArmeeGeoTrel Structure

Terre ArmeeGeoTrel works shall consist of any part of permanent works comprising of
construction of internally stabilized soil mass, built in layers, duly compacted with specific fill
requirements as per specialized system provider’s design, with High Adherence PET GeoStap5
(50 mm wide strap with trapezoidal groove on both side to generate high friction) coated with
as per designed length as soil reinforcing structural elements of designated grades and design
strengths connected with the flexible galvanized steel mesh facing through mechanical GeoTrel
connection system.

Design and construction of GeoTrel slope shall include all dead and live loads and combinations,
seismic loads, with drainage provision for dissipation of pore water pressure and flexible
galvanized steel mesh facing system with erosion protection in long term performance. The
contractor shall assess and substantiate the availability and design adequacy of foundation soil
for overall stability under the location of the GeoTrel slope before execution of the works.
 Steel mesh at face shall be hot deep galvanized steel facing mesh with minimum thickness of 86
microns. The steel elements shall be of diameter not less than 8mm, Hot Dip Galvanizing to be in
accordance with BS 729: 1971 (1994), bending of bars shall be as per BS: 4466 and the fabric
used shall conform to BS: 4483, as shown on the drawings alternatively straight bars can also be
used for steel mesh panel system of facing.

10.1 Tolerances

All elements shall be manufactured within the following tolerances:

 Evenness of the front face : ±5mmover 1500mm
 Difference between lengths of two diagonals : ±10 mm max.
 Thickness : ±15 mm

10.2 Handling, Storage and Transporting

All elements shall be handled, stored and transported in such manner as to eliminate the danger
of, fracture and excessive bending stresses. Elements in storage shall be supported on firm
wooden / rubber blocks/pads placed adjacent to the Dowel bars to avoid bending.

11. Leveling Pad

A PCC leveling pad shall be provided under walls as seat beam just to rest the facing panel on
leveled surface. Concrete shall have a grade either M-15. Maximum size of aggregates shall be
20 mm. The pad shall be cured for at least 05 days prior to placing panels. The top surface shall
be leveled at ±3mm tolerance.

12. Soil reinforcing element

12.1 Description :
High Adherence (HA) GeoStrap 5 and GeoStrap9

GeoStrap 9 is 90 mm wide strap and High Adherence (HA) GeoStrap 5 is 50 mm wide strap with
trapezoidal groove like rib (lateral teeth) on both side of the strap to generate high friction. It
consists of discrete channels of closely packed high tenacity polyester fibres respectively
encased in a Low Density Polyethylene sheath (LDPE) as shown in figure

HA GeoStrap typical cross section, processed by co-extrusion

 The composite materials is passed through rollers to give a knurled finish on the sheath, cooled,
cut to length (usually 100m) and coiled.

12.2 Specification:

The PET and PE materials used for HA GeoStrap5 and GeoStrap9 manufacturing shall be selected
amongst the best available raw materials. The specific properties of each are listed below.

Table 1: Core polyester fibres: High tenacity polyester yarns are used

Table 2:HAGeoStrap 5 and GeoStrap9 reinforcement: Reinforcement specification

HA GeoStrap 5 and GeoStrap9

Grade Characteristic Guaranteed
kN initial strength (kN) minimum width (mm)
25 25 49
37.5 37.5 49
50 50 49
65 65 49
75 75 89
90 90 89
100 100 89

13. Filters:

For facia drainage and prevention of soil leaching wherever necessary, non-woven
polypropylene geotextile strips shall be provided on the back face of the wall, as shown in the
approved drawing.

14. Galvanized Mechanical Connection between steel mesh on the slope face and HA GeoStrap 5 and/
or GeoStrap9

Mechanical connector is used to connect the steel mesh on the slope surface with GeoStrap soil
reinforcement. The connector shall be manufactured using carbon steel meeting the long term
design strength criteria. After fabrication, the connector is hot-dip galvanized to BS 729:1971
 requirements or IS 4759: 1996, except that the average zinc coating weight is not less than
600gm/ m2.

15. Properties of the fill

In principal fill materials may compromise of any one or combination of the following-
I: Main fill material to build up the GeoStrap reinforced earth gravity body.
II: Fill material at the face of the Wall
III: Fill material for foundation and drainage layer below the construction.

I: Principal fill material

The properties of structure fill, subsoil and the retained fill and their interface media shall be
based on assumed representative soil data at the design stage, but the values shall be verified at
the time of the construction.

Fill in the structure or slope shall either be wholly frictional or cohesive-frictional. Stratified
layers of combined frictional and cohesive-frictional fill shall not be used without specific design
check. The use of soft chalk, un-burnt colliery shale and unsuitable material shall not be
permitted and got removed from site.

Fill for GeoTrel structures shall be well graded selected material as specified and available within
reasonable lead distance. The fill must allow dissipation of pore pressure by designing the same
with free draining characteristics or by providing vertical and horizontal drainage provisions in
the reinforced soil volume. The association of drainage bay or interface drains shall be
connected properly to the gradient required and shall be maintained during compaction in
layers.

Backfill materials used in the Terre Armee volume shall be reasonably free from organic or
otherwise deleterious materials and shall conform to the following mechanical and physico-
chemical requirements.

Mechanical requirements

Sieve size Percent passing

80 mm (gravel) 100%
4.75 mm (coarse sand) more than 75%
75 micron (silt) less than 15%

Acceptance limits for materials with more than 15% passing 75 micron are related to the
percentage of particles smaller than 15 microns as follows:

 Materials with more than 15% passing 75 micron sieve but less than 10% of particles
smaller than 15 microns are acceptable.

 Materials with more than 15% passing 75 micron sieve and more than 20% of particles
smaller than 15 microns are inadequate and shall not be used except as specified in (e)
below.
  Materials with more than 15% passing 75 micron sieve and 10 to 20 % of particles
smaller than 15 microns are acceptable provided that the internal friction angle is not
smaller than 30.

Initially at approval of source and subsequent at each change of source, backfill is to be checked
for sieve analysis, pH and angle of internal friction. The results will indicate what further tests
are needed, if any.

Materials not conforming to the above requirements may be used with the written consent of
engineer in charge after carrying out test. Such materials shall be tested for their functional
properties to assure that they are consistent with the parameters used in the design
calculations.

II: Fill material in face of wall

For Geotrel slope facingless than or equal to 70 deg. inclination with the horizontal, a non-
woven coir geotextile layer shall be fixed as shown on the drawings In front of the slope. The
coir geotextile shall have the properties as mentioned below;

SPECIFICATIONS OF NON-WOVEN COIR EROSION CONTROL BLANKET

SL. NO. TEST PARAMETERS RESULTS

a) Density (Grams per sqm) 650 (+/-10%)
Tensile Strength. (kN/m)
b)
[ASTM D: 4595-2005]
Wrap (Machine Direction) 7.00
Weft (Cross Direction) 1.80
Elongation at Break, (%)
Wrap (Machine Direction) 36.7
Weft (Cross Direction) 42.5
CBR Puncture Strength, (N)
c) 1594
[ASTM D: 6241]
Equivalent pore size (microns) (porosity) 750
d)
ASTM D-4751-99 ISO-12236-96
Liquid absorptive capacity (%) 83.0
e)
ISO=9073-6-2000

Behind the coir geotextile layer, fertile soil mixed with manure and seeds shall be placed. The
dimension of this fill shall be 300mm, nominal.
 Facing Arrangement

For Geotrel slope facinggreater than 70 deg. inclination with the horizontal, the fill in front of
the facing shall be crushed rock. The dimension of the rock is 100mm-200mm. The average
width is 400mm (in slope, 200mm at bottom and 600 mm at top of each GeoTrel panel).

III: Material for drainage layer

Drainage layer may comprise of broken aggregates, gravel, coarse sand, etc. as per specific
design based on the gradation criterion of the principal fill material.

16. CONSTRUCTION

i. Excavate Initial Cut (if relevant)

Before commencing excavation, all surface water above the face to be nailed must be controlled
by the use of collector trenches to intercept and divert surface water. The initial cut is excavated
to a depth slightly below the second row of nails, typically about 1 to 3 meters depending on the
ability of the soil to stand unsupported for a minimum period of 24 to 48 hours. This may
require either a closer spacing of the two top rows of TarraNail or to increase the downward
inclination of the first row of TarraNail by 5° to encounter a better bond zone. Where face
stability is problematical for these periods of time, a stabilizing berm can be left in place until
the nail has been installed and final trimming then takes place just prior to application of the
facing. Mass excavation is done with conventional earth moving equipment. Final trimming of
the excavation face is typically done with a non-toothed backhoe or hydraulic excavator bucket
or manually. Usually, the exposed length of the cut is dictated by the area of face that can be
temporarily stabilized in the course of a working shift. The excavated face profile should be
reasonably smooth and regular. A level working bench on the order of 5 to 10 meters width is
typically left in place to accommodate the drilling equipment used for nail installation. Smaller
 tracked drills are available that can work on bench widths as narrow as 3 meters and with
headroom clearance as low as 4 meters. Steepening of existing slopes by inserting TerraNail
may require the drilled bed to be mounted on an excavator arm and slave powered from the
drill rig due to the lack of adequate bench width.

Excavations shall be in accordance with the requirements of General and Special Specifications
and in reasonably close conformity to the limits and construction stages shown on the drawings.

a. Foundation Preparation for the TerraLink Structure

The foundation for TerraLink Structures shall be graded level for a width equal to or exceeding
the length of reinforcing element or as shown on the drawings. prior to wall construction, if
required by the Engineer, the foundation shall be compacted with a smooth wheel vibratory
roller or plate compactor. Any foundation soils found to be unsuitable shall be removed and
replaced.

ii. Drill Hole for TerraNail

Nail holes are drilled at predetermined locations to a specified length and inclination using a
drilling method appropriate for the ground conditions. Drilling methods include both uncased
methods for more competent materials (rotary or rotary percussive methods using air flush, and
dry auger methods) and cased methods for less stable ground (single tube and duplex rotary
methods with air or water flush, and hollow stem auger methods).

iii. Install and Grout Nail

Drilling is done first and then the TerraNail of required length is inserted and grouted
immediately to avoid any possible collapse.

iv. Installation of steel mesh facing on the slope surface

After all TerraNail is inserted, prefabricated galvanised steel mesh as specified is placed and
fixed with the Nail Head and dome nut.

v. Erection of Terre Armee Wall

Prefabricated galvanized steel mesh fascia panels shall be placed in grade as shown in the
drawing. Panels shall be placed in successive horizontal lifts in the sequence shown on the
drawings as backfill placement proceeds. As fill materials are placed behind a panel, the panels
shall be maintained in desired position by means of temporary wooden props.

External bracing may be needed for the initial lift. However, bracings shall be placed in an area
not more than 2.0 meter wide beyond the outer face.

The system provider’s working methodology shall be incorporated, wherever necessary.

For an inclination of a reinforced slope is significantly steeper than 50° degrees, a more
permanent, rigid formed face is necessary. The most commonly used form of rigid facing in
reinforced slope application is the galvanized welded steel mesh consisting 8mm, 10mm and
 12mm dia. re-bars as per the drawing. The galvanization on the bars of the mesh shall be
minimum 86 microns thick or the density of zinc shall be 610 gms per sqm.

A surface protection in the form of vegetation shall be provided.

Hot deep galvanized steel mesh facing for steep slope construction.

Steel mesh at face shall be hot deep galvanized steel facing mesh with minimum thickness of 86
microns. The steel elements shall be of diameter not less than 8mm, Hot Dip Galvanizing to be in
accordance with BS 729: 1971 (1994).

Final Green facing Reinforced Earth Slope

vi. Orientation

The soil reinforcing HA GeoStrap5 shall be placed at inclination to the face of the wall in the
horizontal plane. The reinforcement shall be placed in the cross-sectional slope of 2.5 to 5%
away from the facing towards the tail end to drain-out storm water away from facing element
 during construction. The tail end of the GeoStrap shall be connected with the steel mesh facing
fixed on the slope surface using a hot dip galvanized mechanical connection system.

Clear vertical spacing between the soil reinforcement shall not be less than 200mm except for
cross walls / return walls and in general reinforcement spacing shall not exceed 800mm.

vii. Drainage

Drainage shall be very strictly followed as per drawing and specifications in detail. The Terre
Armee backfill is considered as a self-draining media, having sufficient permeability to relive
hydrostatic pressures. However, water logging in the Terre Armee fill increases the pore water
pressure coefficient thereby resulting in tensile forces in Terre Armee Structure, reducing the
stability of the structure. The Terre Armee fill shall have drainage bay, 600mm wide, with well
graded (as per system provider specification) crushed aggregate to allow free draining of the
Terre Armee fill along with the retained fill zone i.e. the existing slope surface.

viii. Laying and Compaction

Backfill placement shall follow closely the erection of each lift of panels. At each reinforcing
element level, backfill should be roughly leveled before placing and connecting the reinforcing
elements. Reinforcing elements shall be placed normal to the face of the wall or as shown on
the drawings. The maximum layer thickness shall not exceed 200 mm. The Contractor shall
decrease this thickness if that is necessary to obtain the specified density.

Where the available bed width is less than 2m, well graded gravels shall be used as backfill
materials and compaction shall be carried out mechanically by using plate compactor.

At the end of each day’s operation, the Contractor shall shape the last level of backfill as to
permit runoff of rainwater away from the wall face. Backfill shall be compacted in accordance
to the project specifications for embankment to a minimum required compaction of 95% of
modified proctor density in the entire width between the facing panels and the existing slope,
except up to 1.5m from the rear face of facing panels, where the required compaction shall be
minimum 90 % of maximum density and shall determine by the standard test and that the
moisture content shall be plus or minus 2% of the optimum Moisture Content as determined.
Backfill compaction shall be accomplished without disturbance or distortion of soil reinforcing
elements and steel facing panels. Compaction in a strip of the 1.5 meter wide adjacent to the
backside of the wall facing, shall be achieved by the use of a manually operated vibrating
compactor, such that adverse edge stresses are not transferred to the facing panels during
construction

ix. Repeat Process to Final Grade

The sequence of excavation, drilling, installation of TerraNail and grouting, erection of

prefabricated panel, laying of soil reinforcement, connecting with the steel mesh on the slope
and backfill compaction is repeated until the final grade is achieved.
D. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

The payment for TerraLink shall be made separately for TerraNail and Terre Armee Works as
under;

i. The TerraNail work shall be measured in running meter of the TerraNail and payment shall be
made as per Price BOQ.

ii. GeoTrel slope structure shall be measured from the bottom to the top of topmost point of the
facing element in ‘sqm’ of the face area and payment shall be made as per Price BOQ.
.
E. SUPERVISION

Since, slope stabilization using TerraLink is a specialized work, a specialized technical

representatives of the system provider | agency shall be taken on board by the contractor at the
time of execution to provide technical guidance / detail supervision during the execution to
ensure that the quality of the works performed in accordance to the specifications. The
contractor shall include the cost of such technical representative in his price.

F. ELIGIBILITY AND APPROVAL CRITERIA FOR SPECIALIZED SYSTEM PROVIDERS |

AGENCIES

Since the work of TerraLink is specialized in nature, the contractor shall source the design, drawing,
technology, requisite materials, expertise and other services required for TerraLink works from one
single specialized system provider meeting the eligibility criteria as under. The scope of this work
should be considered as a single item and contractor shall get the work done by one specialized
agency only including design, supply and requisite technical services. Any proposal consisting
design, supply and services to be done by separate agencies will not be accepted. The technology
provider must meet all the following criteria to be eligible for this work;

i. The system provider | agency should be a firm established under Indian Company’s Act and
must be existing in India for minimum 15 years.

ii. The system provider | agency must have completed;

 At least (1) one project involving TerraNail in India involving design, supply and
installation works.

 Minimum 5,00,000 sqm of Terre Armee Wall and single project of minimum 50000
sqm.

Case studies and Completion certificates to substantiate the above shall be submitted to the
client.

iii. Qualified bidder(s) must enter into pre bid agreement with only prequalified system
suppliers | technology providers as per the system | technology pre-qualification eligibility
criterion and specifications detailed in the technical specifications for TerraNail and Terre
Armee structure works prior to tender date. Original duplicate copy of such pre-bid | pre-
 tender agreement executed on stamp paper, shall be submitted along with the bid
document, with supporting specifications, references, qualifications and literature from
system suppliers | technology providers. No change or revision in name of proposed system
supplier | technology provider shall be allowed post tender. The bidder shall be liable to be
rejected should the bidder not able to submit such pre-bid agreement.

iv. Only ISO 9001: 2008 certified Indian companies are eligible to qualify for reinforced earth
works. Fully authenticated details of registration certificate shall be provided prior to
commencement of works.
Budgetary Estimate and
BOQ
 9. Budgetary estimate and BOQ

Basic Consideration for Preparing the BOQ:

a. Height of Wall Considered for Designing: 33.80m.
b. Approximate Stretch Length Considered for Preparation of BOQ: 100m.

Bill of Quantities- Taratarini Temple TerraLink® Work

Unit of Unit Rate
Sl No. Description of Items Quantity Amount (Rs)
Measurement (Rs)
Detailed design, preparation of drawings, technical guidance at site
1. LS 1 3,50,000 3,50,000
by a experienced engineer from the technology provider.

2. Excavation Cum 0 186 0

3. Backfilling behind TerraLink Wall Cum 34060.30 300 1,02,18,090

4. Filter Media behind TerraLink Wall Cum 8240.50 400 32,96,200

5. TerraNail

a. 22mm dia Freyssi 670 Hill Side RMT 420 827 3,47,340

b. 25mm dia Freyssi 670 Hill Side RMT 22850 945 2,15,93,250

c. Installation of Nails including drilling, grouting RMT 23270 1900 4,42,13,000

TerraNail Accessories (Nail plate, dome nut, centralizer,

d. Nail Points 1883 3200 60,26,667
coupler, if required)

6. High Adherence Polymeric Strap

a. High Adherence Polymeric Strap - 25KN LM 15264 28 4,27,392

 b. High Adherence Polymeric Strap - 37.5KN LM 29044 35 10,16,540

c. High Adherence Polymeric Strap - 50KN LM 18444 43 7,93,092

7. Polymeric Strap

a. Polymeric Strap - 75KN LM 33856.40 54 18,28,245

b. Polymeric Strap - 100KN LM 48498.53 68 32,97,900

8. TerraLink Wall connectors for Polymeric Strap Nos. 5700 1305 74,38,500

9. Steel Mesh to be installed on hill slope Sqm 5040.5 1800 90,72,900

10. GeoTrel mesh Sqm 3200 2000 64,00,000

11. Non-woven geotextile for GeoTrel Sqm 6400 52 3,32,800

12. Non-woven coir geotextile for GeoTrel Sqm 12800 150 19,20,000

13. Installation of GeoTrel structure Sqm 6400 600 38,40,000

TOTAL: 12,55,61,917

NOTE: The above estimate does not include the taxes, cost of earthwork and contractor’s profit.
About the company
 10. About the Company

Reinforced Earth India is a wholly owned subsidiary of Soletanche-Freyssinet, France.

Soletanche-Freyssinet is a part of VINCI Group, primarily a Construction-Concession Company
based out of France. Today Reinforced Earth Company (Terre ArmeeInternationale), through
its subsidiaries represents the worldwide leader in soil reinforcement with an active presence in
more than 80 countries on the 5 continents, for almost 40 years now.

Reinforced Earth Company was started by Sir Henri Vidal, the inventor of Reinforced Earth
Technology, in 1963. In India, the Reinforced Earth activity is in operation since 1996 (initially
through a licensee AIMIL Limited and now directly through the Soletanche-Freyssinet flagship).
The current structure of the organization is as below:

The main activities of the Reinforced Earth Company are: Terre Armee® Structures for different
applications, TerraNail® / TerraLink®(In-situ soil reinforcement), TechSpan® (Precast Arch
structures) for cut and cover tunnels and TechBox® (Precast Box Structures). Besides, there are
other precast structural solutions and services that are available. The techniques ensure high
quality and safety standards, long term performance and durability, low risks/economic
ramifications and sustainable technologies. We also take up MSE wall rehabilitation projects.
Reinforced Earth employs about 200 employees directly; out of which more than 60 percent are
site engineering and construction supervision personnel. The organization strengths are built
around strong values and principles and prime focus on quality, delivery and customer
satisfaction.
Today Reinforced Earth India is the only ISO:9001:2008 quality system certified organization for
“The Structural design, engineering, procurement, supervision and installation and Project
Management of Mechanically Stabilized Earth and Precast Concrete Structures for Civil
Engineering applications.”

Reinforced Earth India participates in projects that involve design and build concept, except
direct civil works. The business model revolves around providing value-add in services through
efficient design and construction management.

Special forms, accessories and bespoke supplies are delivered to the project, our experienced
engineers and technicians supervise the activities at work sites; with infrastructure, plant,
machinery and materials (concrete and rebar) support from the EPC contractor.
References and Case
Studies
References
Las Tórtolas tailing dam - Chile