Assignment on

Geometrical
Information
System

Name: Ayush Srivastava

Subject: Smart Grid
Roll no.: 1505220018
Branch: Electrical Engineering [8th semester]
Geographic Information System
Introduction
A geographic information system is designed to capture, store, manipulate,
analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data. GIS can relate
unrelated information by using location as the key index variable. Locations or
extents in the Earth space–time may be recorded as dates/times of occurrence,
and x, y, and z coordinates representing, longitude, latitude, and elevation,
respectively.

Modern GIS technologies use digital. The most common method of data
creation is digitization, where a hard copy map or survey plan is transferred into
a digital medium through the use of a CAD program, along with the availability
of satellites, aircraft, Helikites, etc.

GIS is more than just software. People and methods are combined with software
and tools, to conduct spatial analysis and display information in a map.

GIS Concepts
GIS can be used as tool in various problem solving and decision-making
processes:
1. Mapping where things are:
We can map the spatial location of real-world features; like shops, clinics, etc.
and visualize the spatial relationships among them.

2. Mapping quantities:
People map quantities, such as where the most and least are, to find places that
meet their criteria or to see the relationships between places. Sometimes it is
more important to map concentrations, or a quantity normalized by area or total
number; eg: population density, vegetation amount, etc.

3. Live view:
We can use GIS to determine what is happening or what features are located
inside a specific area/region. We can determine the characteristics of "inside" by
creating specific criteria to define an area of interest; eg: a map showing a flood
event, current traffic in a specific route; etc.

4. Mapping change:
We can map the change in a specific geographic area or to evaluate the results
of an action; eg: population growth, vegetation change, pollution levels in
different areas, etc.

Application of GIS in Smart Grid

To implement a smart grid, utilities will need the sturdy foundation of GIS. It
helps answer questions and solve problems related to smart grid
implementation.

Utility operators will need GIS to make the best decisions for collecting data,
managing smart meter and sensor installation, analysing customer behaviour,
and incorporating renewable energy. Geographical data is quickly understood
and easily shared. Simply put, GIS makes it possible for utilities to build and
operate a smart grid.

Data Management
Utilities already rely on GIS to manage assets and outages and map the location
of overhead and underground circuits. With GIS, utilities can capture
information about customer behaviour, the placement of smart meters, the
location of electric vehicle chargers and renewable resources.

Planning and Analysis

To see whether a smart grid deployment is effective, utilities use GIS to analyze
marketing campaigns and study customer behavior patterns along with demand
response. GIS helps determine the optimal location for smart grid components
such as smart meters, sensors, and cell relays. GIS can also help identify
vulnerabilities and gauge customer response to a smart grid implementation.

Workforce Automation
A smart grid relies on accurate data. The productivity of a smart grid
implementation can be increased by using GIS to schedule and dispatch utility
crews. A GIS allows utilities to monitor the location and status of fieldwork.
From the field, crews have access to a set of application templates for recording
and reporting the progress of smart grid hardware installation.

Situational Awareness
Utilities bring it all together with GIS to view and track smart grid deployment
and operation. Through GIS-based graphic outputs and Web-based reporting,
they are able to quickly monitor and demonstrate how the organization is
progressing on smart grid activities. GIS provides a Web-based dashboard that
shows the status of any project, alerts staff to variances in the schedule,
monitors investments, and locates new work orders.